906:. The IMV is defined as a "subjective right" and is intended to prevent poverty and social exclusion of people who live alone or integrated into a coexistence unit when they are in a situation of vulnerability due to lack of sufficient financial resources to cover their basic needs. The benefit, which is not fixed and varies depending on various factors, ranges between 462 and 1015 euros per month, is expected to cover 850,000 households (approximately 2.5 million people) and will cost the government 3 billion euros per year.
544: program, meaning that beneficiaries receive their aid if they accomplish certain actions. Families who receive the aid must put their children in school and participate in vaccination programs. If they do not meet these requirements, they are cut off from aid. The program has been criticised as vote-buying, trading productive individuals' earning for the votes of welfare recipients As of 2011, approximately 50 million people, or a quarter of Brazil's population, were participating in Bolsa Família.
573: began a minimum income experiment in 2017. Approximately 4000 citizens began to receive a stipend based on their family situation and income. Recipients of this program could receive upwards of $ 10,000 per year. Government researchers used this pilot as a way of testing to see if a minimum income can help people meet their basic needs. On 31 August 2018, following a change in government, incoming Premier Doug Ford announced that the pilot would be cancelled at the end of the current fiscal year.
3252:
1115:
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1022:. Where previously the responsibility to assist needy children lay in the hands of the states, AFDC transferred that authority to the federal government. Over time, the AFDC was often criticized for creating disincentives to work, leading to many arguing for its replacement. In the 1970s, President
862:
which provides a basic income to registered citizens. In
December 2017, immediately before the program began, more than 3.7 million households had registered, representing 13 million people, or more than half the population. As of 2013, between one fifth and one third of Saudi residents are estimated
701:
The minimum guaranteed income is a selective financial benefit to ensure that all citizens enjoy a minimum standard of living and cover their basic needs. It has been tested and implemented in
European Union countries and others. In 2019 it was incorporated as a requirement in the Greek Constitution.
506:
Social assistance is the last social safety net provided by the state (principle of subsidiarity). Social assistance is only granted if people cannot secure their livelihood either through their own efforts or through family assistance (maintenance obligation) or on the basis of a social insurance or
2271:
Deputy Prime
Minister Pablo Iglesias told a news conference on Friday the creation of a minimum income worth €462 (£416.92) a month will target some 850,000 households or 2.5 million people. The government would pay the monthly stipend and top up existing revenue for people earning less so that they
767:
are fixed-duration payments offered to the long-term unemployed incentive moving into work. In return for relinquishing claims to primary assistance benefits, both schemes provide benefits for a fixed duration that are slightly lower than household GMI entitlements, but which are not tapered with
462:
Tax revenues would fund the majority of GMI proposals. As most GMI proposals seek to create an earnings floor close to or above poverty lines amongst all citizens, the fiscal burden would require equally broad tax sources, such as income taxes or VATs. To varying degrees, a GMI might be funded
1034:
also proposed a minimum income—in the form of a
Universal Tax Credit. Ultimately, neither of these programs was implemented. Throughout the decade, many other experimental minimum income programs were carried out in cities throughout the country, such as the Seattle-Denver Income Maintenance
385:, in which the concept was promoted by another label, as a way to enable our civilization to survive in an era of automation and computerization and large scale unemployment. The book also innovates a method to fund the process, tapping into the underground economy and volunteerism.
970:
to low-income people who are either aged (65 or older), blind, or disabled. SSI was created in 1974 to replace federal-state adult assistance programs that served the same purpose. Today the program provides benefits to approximately eight million
Americans. Another such program is
768:
employment income, subject to certain eligibility requirements. Ireland's relatively generous tapering system serves to smooth disincentives to increase income and work and contributes to their lower measured participation tax rates (PTRs) and marginal effective tax rates (METRs).
920:
Social assistance consists partly of a "national standard" (riksnorm) and partly of "reasonable costs outside the national standard". The national standard includes costs such as food, clothing and footwear. Reasonable non-standard costs include rent and household electricity.
617:
Kontanthjælp (formerly known as bistandshjælp) is a public benefit in
Denmark granted to citizens who would otherwise not be able to support themselves or their families. In principle, cash benefits are a universal right for all citizens who meet certain statutory criteria.
846:
The Social
Insertion Income is a benefit for combating poverty, enabling individuals and their families to obtain support adapted to their situation, facilitating the satisfaction of their basic needs and aiming to integrate them into work, society and the community.
879:
The Social Relief of
Distress grant (SRD) in South Africa is given to those whose monthly income falls short of the individual food poverty line, which is the minimal amount required to buy food that provides adequate calories for survival.
2272:
receive at least that minimum amount every month, he said. The minimum income would increase with the number of family members, up to a maximum of €1,015 (£916.30) each month. The programme would cost the government about €3 billion a year.
696:
474:
and thus taxation is not necessary for funding. However, the fact that there are no financial constraints does not mean other constraints, such as on real resources, do not exist. A likely outcome based on the economic theory known as
566: in the 1970s, Mincome provided lower-income families with cash transfers to keep them out of poverty. The trial was eventually ended but this was due to budget shortfalls and a change in government.
187:, who came to power in 632 C.E., introduced a guaranteed minimum standard of income, granting each man, woman and child ten dirhams annually. This was later increased to twenty dirhams.
946:
Universal Credit is a social welfare program in the United
Kingdom that consolidates several means-tested benefits into a single payment, aiming to simplify the welfare system and incentivize work.
302:
I am now convinced that the simplest approach will prove to be the most effective—the solution to poverty is to abolish it directly by a now widely discussed measure: the guaranteed income.
817:
Income support can be granted if the applicant has insufficient income and resources to live on and is not entitled to other social security benefits. Income support is paid by the
1898:
3199:
223:
echoed Paine's sentiments and commented that 'man is entitled by birthright to a share of the Earth's produce sufficient to fill the needs of his existence' (Herold, 1955).
285:
advocated "overloading" the US welfare system to force its collapse in the hopes that it would be replaced by "a guaranteed annual income and thus an end to poverty".
2253:
2046:
1425:, 1/15/1968-4/18/1969 folder, General Correspondence Series, Papers of John Kenneth Galbraith, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. Cited in: Jyotsna Sreenivasan,
632:
A subsistence allowance is financial help for a person or family in need, which provides minimal resources for everyday life (food, medicine, housing costs, etc.).
378:
In 2013, the Equal Life
Foundation published the Living Income Guaranteed Proposal, illustrating a practical way to implement and fund a minimum guaranteed income.
2159:
755:
In Ireland, €20 of earnings per day of permitted work (beneficiaries are allowed up to three days per week) is disregarded from employment income when calculating
1463:
1011:. SSD can be supplied on either a temporary or permanent basis, usually directly correlated to whether the person's disability is temporary or permanent.
958:
has multiple social programs that provide guaranteed minimum incomes for individuals meeting certain criteria such as assets or disability. For instance,
1737:
750:
1677:
Hunter, WENDY (2013). ""Whither Clientelism? Good Governance and Brazil's Bolsa Família Program." Comparative Politics Vol. 46, no 1 (October): 43-62".
2217:
1030:, which would replace the AFDC. FAP was intended to fix many of the problems of the AFDC, particularly the anti-work structure. Presidential nominee
2148:
324:
and another 1,200 economists signed a document calling for the US Congress to introduce in that year a system of income guarantees and supplements.
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2100:
70:(UBI) system. Unlike a guaranteed minimum income, UBI does not typically take into account what a recipient already earns before receiving a UBI.
1479:
Hayek on Hayek: An Autobiographical Dialogue by F. A. Hayek, edited by Stephen Kresge and Leif Wenar (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994)
3151:
1557:
1409:
1275:
Erdkamp, Paul, "The Food Supply of the Capital," in The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 262-264
331:
would have paid a minimum income to poor families. The proposal by Nixon passed in the House but never made it out of committee in the Senate.
290:
1992:
730:
540: program. Under this program, poorer families receive a direct cash payment via a government issued debit card. Bolsa Família is a
3156:
1928:
1503:
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859:
818:
427:
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153:. The modern equivalent would be a safety net program for people with less than $ 1,000 USD in savings to receive $ 20 USD per day.
150:
1906:
2609:
734:
2019:
2705:
1834:"Development of minimum livelihood guarantee programmes in urban China: an empirical analysis based on 31 regions over 2003–2013"
1040:
1015:
988:
2566:
Coady, D., Shang, B., Jahan, S., & Matsumoto, R. (2021). Guaranteed minimum income schemes in Europe: Landscape and design.
1815:"Manipulating China's "Minimum Livelihood Guarantee": Political Shifts in a Program for the Poor in the Period of Xi Jinping"
1393:
1355:
841:
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would be a moderate increase in taxation to ensure the extra income would not cause demand-pull inflation. This hypothetical
207:
citizens as compensation for "loss of his or her natural inheritance, by the introduction of the system of landed property" (
160:, a regular distribution of free or subsidized grain or bread to poorer residents. The grain subsidy was first introduced by
737:. At the state level, there can be additional minimum income programs, one such being "Laksmir Bhandar" run by the state of
725:
at both the federal and the state level. At the federal level, these include minimum income social pension programs such as
142:
529 B.C.), whose government used a regulated minimum wage, also provided special rations to families when a child was born.
2634:
2594:
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announced a Guaranteed Minimum Family Income Scheme to accompany a new flat tax. Both were quashed by then Prime Minister
507:
other benefit entitlement. Due to other existing benefits in Austria, many people are not dependent on social assistance.
2604:
1439:
1027:
328:
1054: This is a refundable tax credit that gives poorer families cash assistance every year. The EITC avoids the
536:
signed into law a bill to establish a universal basic income. This law is primarily implemented through the
3131:
2856:
2821:
1320:
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may be granted to a person or family whose income and assets are insufficient to cover the necessary daily expenses.
449:
1949:"IMF Working Papers Volume 2021 Issue 179: Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design (2021)"
1948:
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3121:
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2402:
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Zelleke, Almaz (December 2005). "Basic Income in the United States: Redefining Citizenship in the Liberal State".
2074:
711:
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3136:
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entitlement and deductions are calculated as 60 percent of earnings less this income disregard. In addition, the
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1532:
992:
431:
871:
Material need assistance (pomoc v hmotnej núdzi) includes one hot meal a day, essential clothing and shelter.
663:
501:
3113:
2766:
2715:
1489:
659:
585:, is a means-tested social assistance scheme introduced in 1993 and expanded to all Chinese cities in 1999.
516:
2284:
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685:
64:. Under more unconditional requirements, when citizenship is the sole qualification, the program becomes a
533:
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2665:
2134:
1347:
777:
593:
In July 2013, the Cypriot government unveiled a plan to reform the welfare system in Cyprus and create a
2313:
Lurie, Irene (1 January 1997). "Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: A Green Light for the States".
915:
487:
programs where, in the United States, over three trillion dollars were created without requiring taxes.
3307:
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3230:
2741:
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2192:
1154:
282:
889:
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2285:"Escrivá anuncia que el ingreso mínimo vital sacará de la pobreza extrema a 1,6 millones de personas"
541:
375:
stated: "I have always said that I am in favor of a minimum income for every person in the country".
16:
For the system where citizens receive an income stream through the public ownership of industry, see
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3282:
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2771:
1572:
1144:
1134:
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903:
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Modern independent India developed many means and livelihood tested cash transfer programs through
532:
Minimum income has been increasingly accepted by the Brazilian government. In 2004, President
354:
792:, this provision was actually a form of conditional and non-individual guaranteed minimum income.
53:
an income sufficient to live on, provided that certain eligibility conditions are met, typically:
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66:
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and that the person in question does not already receive a minimum level of income to live on.
2348:
Larson, David (1 January 1992). "Long Overdue: The Single Guaranteed Minimum Income Program".
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In 1988, France was one of the first countries to implement a minimum income, called the
484:
248:
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1966:
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369:
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Cash assistance GMI was first documented by the third century BCE Greek philosopher,
82:
78:
A system of guaranteed minimum income can consist of several elements, most notably:
61:
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1850:
1833:
1605:"Basic Income in Our Time: Improving Political Prospects Through Policy Learning?"
537:
3277:
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Guaranteed Basic Income Studies: How it could be organised, Different Suggestions
2258:
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1184:
1031:
781:
389:
372:
267:
244:
169:
131:
17:
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1047: funds to the states to allow them to decide how aid would be distributed.
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through the reduction or elimination of other social security programs, such as
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advocated for a dividend paid to all citizens from the revenue generated by a
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470:
Another approach for funding is to acknowledge that all modern economies use
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343:
227:
204:
165:
103:
98:
89:
2947:
2942:
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1238:
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by providing low-wage workers a complementary income to encourage activity.
85:
that helps those without sufficient financial means survive through payments
3256:
3017:
2901:
2816:
2700:
2451:
1997:
1199:
1120:
1055:
1036:
855:
667:
393:
233:
196:
157:
94:
3047:
3002:
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Five issues in the design of Income support mechanisms: The case of Italy
1644:
1221:
Es kündet Dareios der König ... : vom Leben im persischen Grossreich
1169:
1044:
984:
738:
522:
362:
350:
313:
176:
54:
2475:
1929:"Financial aid for women under 'Laxmir Bhandar' scheme from Sep: Mamata"
1764:"Canada: Ontario launches guaranteed income program for 4,000 residents"
1698:
1253:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Athenian Constitution by Aristotle"
2982:
1189:
1004:
480:
471:
434: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1860:
2831:
2584:, IZA Discussion Papers 6059, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
230:
180:
146:
2581:
1014:
An early guaranteed minimum income program in the U.S. was the
741:
that transfers a minimum aid to families without work in the state.
558:
Canada has experimented with minimum income trials. During the
409:
342:, in which he advocated the guaranteed minimum income and discussed
1536:
1427:"Poverty and the Government in America: A Historical Encyclopedia."
1000:
751:
Social security in the Republic of Ireland § Social Assistance
563:
184:
50:
1899:"President announces 'Guaranteed Minimum Income' for all citizens"
1558:"A minimum income, not wage, is a fairer way to distribute wealth"
1286:
1050:
Another guaranteed minimum income program in the U.S. is the
3093:
2690:
2179:"جريدة الرياض : سكان المملكة 27 مليوناً بينهم 8 ملايين مقيم"
2101:"Saudi Arabia Will Give Cash to Poorer Citizens Hit by Austerity"
2047:"The Italian Citizen's Income Reform: Definition And Adjustments"
1993:"Italy rolls out 'citizens' income' for the poor amid criticisms"
1343:
967:
570:
559:
553:
217:
46:
42:
2218:"Free money? South Africa floats universal basic income for all"
3239:
2841:
2801:
2051:
1586:"Ben Bernanke: As a Literal Fact the Fed is not Printing Money"
1100:
3200:
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work
2791:
895:
785:
1877:"Anti-Poverty in China: Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Scheme"
251:
in the early 1940s. He discusses the proposal his 1962 book
2600:"Social minimum" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1440:"Richard Nixon: Address to the Nation on Domestic Programs"
1299:
Grace Clark: Pakistan's Zakat and 'Ushr as a Welfare System
2615:"Guaranteed minimum income" in the Encyclopædia Britannica
1592:
from the original on 12 December 2021 – via YouTube.
2075:"Italy: There is no basic income being proposed in Italy"
1223:(2 Aufl., Sonderausg ed.). Mainz/Rhein: Von Zabern.
2146:
The Economist magazine lists an estimated nine million:
1738:"A guaranteed annual income? From moncome to millennium"
2501:"Pašvaldību sociālā palīdzība | Labklājības ministrija"
1058: by subsidizing income, rather than replacing it.
2595:
Basic income for all-Philipp van Parijs, Boston Review
966:) is a United States government program that provides
3228:
1096:
788:
in January 2019. Although its name recalls one of a
392:(Turkey), The Green Economics Institute (GEI), and
60:The primary goal of a guaranteed minimum income is
2118:
278:(the origin of the modern version of the phrase).
2649:
2407:Официален сайт на Агенция за социално подпомагане
1423:Economists' Statement on Guaranteed Annual Income
999:to people who are restricted in their ability to
902:is an economic benefit guaranteed as part of the
581:China's Minimum Livelihood Guarantee also called
381:In 2017, Harry A. Shamir (US) published the book
247:began advocating a basic income in the form of a
3264:
2099:Nereim, Vivian; Carey, Glen (12 December 2017).
2020:"What is Italy's new 'Citizens' Income' scheme?"
1369:
1218:
1035:Experiments. In 1996, under President
329:President Richard Nixon's Family Assistance Plan
2254:"Spain approves national minimum income scheme"
164:in 123 B.C., then further institutionalized by
483:approach can be seen in the implementation of
2635:
1464:"New Zealand Is Jolted By a Speedy Decontrol"
1410:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
731:National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005
291:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
2170:
1312:Our Land and Land Policy, National and State
1287:"Grain Distribution in Late Republican Rome"
666:(RSA), a new system that aimed to solve the
490:
346:'s Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) proposal.
307:from the chapter titled "Where We Are Going"
2098:
819:Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration
2642:
2628:
1602:
156:The Roman Republic and Empire offered the
2576:https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513584379.001
2215:
1990:
1960:
1859:
1849:
1620:
1429:(Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009), page 269
450:Learn how and when to remove this message
383:Consumerism, or Capitalism Without Crises
125:
2610:About a Guaranteed Basic Income: History
2176:
1812:
1583:
1335:
735:Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme
2706:Right to an adequate standard of living
2366:
2072:
2044:
1831:
1504:"The Living Income Guaranteed Proposal"
1490:"The Living Income Guaranteed Proposal"
1041:Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
1016:Aid to Families with Dependent Children
368:In his 1994 "autobiographical dialog",
3265:
2428:"Zajamčena minimalna naknada - gov.hr"
2350:University of Detroit Mercy Law Review
2347:
2247:
2245:
1676:
1603:Wispelaere, Jurgen De (October 2016).
1308:
1284:
1039:, the AFDC was replaced with the
1018: (AFDC), established by the
2623:
2327:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029915
2312:
2308:
2306:
1073:Czech Republic: Příspěvek na živobytí
729:, guaranteed employment program like
116:for those who physically can not work
2149:"Go home, but who will replace you?"
1874:
1832:Wang, Jinxian; Bai, Yanfeng (2016).
1377:Free to Choose: A Personal Statement
1082:Lithuania: Piniginė socialinė parama
1070:Croatia: Zajamčena Minimalna Naknada
973:Social Security Disability Insurance
646:Basic subsistence allowance paid by
432:adding citations to reliable sources
403:
2242:
2157:out of a population of 30 million:
1761:
340:The Politics of a Guaranteed Income
190:
13:
2560:
2315:Publius: The Journal of Federalism
2303:
2251:
2193:"Pomoc v hmotnej núdzi - MPSVR SR"
2045:Girardi, Annalisa (1 April 2019).
1991:Giuffrida, Angela (6 March 2019).
1413:(New York: Harper & Row, 1967)
1315:. White & Bauer p. 230.
1061:
14:
3329:
2588:
2540:"Denarna socialna pomoč | GOV.SI"
1212:
1160:Homelessness in the United States
935:
727:National Social Assistance Scheme
3250:
3238:
2827:Political Party for Basic Income
1113:
1099:
1088:Slovenia: Denarna socialna pomoč
949:
842:pt:Rendimento Social de Inserção
408:
195:In 1795, American revolutionary
2532:
2518:
2493:
2468:
2444:
2420:
2395:
2360:
2341:
2277:
2216:Sheffield, Hazel (2024-06-08).
2209:
2185:
2140:
2092:
2073:Gobetti, Sandro (5 July 2018).
2066:
2038:
2012:
1984:
1941:
1921:
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1806:
1781:
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1473:
1457:
1432:
1416:
1043: program. This would
1028:Family Assistance Program (FAP)
991:program. It is managed by the
874:
850:
419:needs additional citations for
388:Other modern advocates include
2160:"Saudi Arabia No satisfaction"
1905:. 26 July 2013. Archived from
1401:
1363:
1329:
1302:
1293:
1278:
1269:
1245:
993:Social Security Administration
924:
795:
761:Part-time Job Incentive Scheme
697:el:Ελάχιστο Εγγυημένο Εισόδημα
662:. In 2009, it was turned into
1:
3073:Asignación Universal por Hijo
2716:Universal basic income pilots
1851:10.1080/17525098.2016.1231256
1813:Solinger, Dorothy J. (2017).
1342:(40th anniversary ed.),
1206:
1085:Romania: Venit minim garantat
680:Hartz concept § Hartz IV
139:
135:
1838:China Journal of Social Work
1789:"Ontario Basic Income Pilot"
1150:Guaranteed Income Supplement
960:Supplemental Security Income
765:Back to Work Family Dividend
686:de:Sozialhilfe (Deutschland)
7:
3089:Iranian subsidy reform plan
2837:Sustainable Australia Party
2476:"Financial Aid | Reykjavik"
2135:Central Intelligence Agency
1348:University of Chicago Press
1092:
995:and is designed to provide
866:
835:
664:Revenu de solidarité active
502:de:Sozialhilfe (Österreich)
73:
45:system that guarantees all
10:
3334:
2742:Basic Income Earth Network
2711:Technological unemployment
1691:10.5129/001041513807709365
1336:Friedman, Milton (2002) ,
1155:Guaranteed Minimum Pension
939:
928:
913:
887:
839:
828:
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799:
748:
744:
709:
705:
694:
683:
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673:
660:Revenu minimum d'insertion
639:
635:
625:
621:
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551:
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514:
510:
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495:
399:
274:, in which he advocated a
120:
15:
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3060:
2920:
2864:
2855:
2729:
2681:Guaranteed minimum income
2658:
2381:10.1080/00346760500364866
1962:10.5089/9781513584379.001
1622:10.1017/s0047279416000039
1219:Koch, Heidemarie (1996).
1079:Latvia: Sociālā palīdzība
1067:Bulgaria: Социални помощи
1052:Earned Income Tax Credit.
909:
860:Citizen's Account Program
824:
806:
733:or a disability aid like
690:
653:
598:Guaranteed Minimum Income
588:
562: experiment in
547:
542:conditional cash transfer
527:
491:Examples around the world
276:guaranteed minimum income
272:Free Men and Free Markets
27:Guaranteed minimum income
3208:The War on Normal People
2369:Review of Social Economy
1609:Journal of Social Policy
1584:wonkmonk (12 May 2012).
1508:Living Income Guaranteed
1407:Martin Luther King jr.,
1380:(1st Harvest ed.),
1285:Cristofori, Alessandro.
1145:Guaranteed Annual Income
1135:Constitutional economics
931:de:Sozialhilfe (Schweiz)
904:Social security in Spain
883:
771:
716:
712:hu:Szociális intézmények
576:
41:for short), is a social-
2252:Ng, Kate (1 May 2020).
1821:. 2017/2. Open Edition.
1076:Iceland: Fjárhagsaðstoð
890:es:Ingreso mínimo vital
723:Direct Benefit Transfer
517:fr:Revenu d'intégration
336:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
149:, in his review of the
3318:Universal basic income
2978:Christopher Pissarides
2651:Universal basic income
2580:Colombino, U. (2011).
2526:"Venit minim garantat"
2452:"Pomoc v hmotné nouzi"
1339:Capitalism and Freedom
1309:George, Henry (1871).
1195:Universal basic income
790:universal basic income
477:Modern Monetary Theory
465:unemployment insurance
365:, who sacked Douglas.
322:John Kenneth Galbraith
310:
296:Martin Luther King Jr.
283:Cloward–Piven strategy
254:Capitalism and Freedom
126:Pre-modern antecedents
67:universal basic income
3068:Alaska Permanent Fund
2812:People Animals Nature
2737:Basic Income Alliance
2721:Universal inheritance
2197:www.employment.gov.sk
1535:. GEI. Archived from
757:Jobseekers’ Allowance
569:The province of
300:
151:Athenian Constitution
23:Social-welfare system
2998:Richard David Precht
2907:Juliet Rhys-Williams
1875:Qian, Jiwei (2014).
1679:Comparative Politics
1388:, pp. 119–124,
1350:, pp. 190–195,
900:ingreso mínimo vital
863:to be non-citizens.
628:et:Toimetulekutoetus
428:improve this article
62:reduction of poverty
3216:Utopia for Realists
2968:Philippe Van Parijs
2797:Mein Grundeinkommen
2696:Negative income tax
2666:Basic income models
2155:. 16 November 2013.
1651:. 7 February 2008.
1539:on 1 September 2009
1020:Social Security Act
1009:physical disability
916:sv:Försörjningsstöd
485:quantitative easing
270:published the book
249:negative income tax
243:American economist
114:Disability pensions
3033:Christian Engström
2807:Party of Humanists
2762:Five Star Movement
2752:Breakthrough Party
2747:Basic Income Party
2671:Citizen's dividend
2568:IMF Working Papers
2166:. 1 February 2014.
2130:The World Factbook
1909:on 9 December 2017
1819:China Perspectives
1561:The Financial Post
1470:(24 February 1988)
1468:The New York Times
1370:Friedman, Milton;
1130:Community cohesion
997:income supplements
802:nl:Participatiewet
784:system created in
642:fi:Toimeentulotuki
603:for all citizens.
288:In his final book
257:and his 1980 book
221:Napoleon Bonaparte
201:citizen's dividend
3308:Social liberalism
3288:Legal terminology
3226:
3225:
3056:
3055:
2953:Sepp Kusstatscher
2403:"Социални помощи"
1881:East Asian Policy
1762:Petroff, Alanna.
1533:"Green Economics"
1395:978-0-156-33460-0
1357:978-0-226-26421-9
1175:New Cuban Economy
989:federal insurance
460:
459:
452:
370:classical liberal
357:Finance Minister
83:Social safety net
3325:
3273:Economic reforms
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3242:
3234:
3184:Agrarian Justice
3152:Nordic countries
3061:Related programs
3013:Osmo Soininvaara
3008:Annika Lillemets
2862:
2861:
2686:Jobless recovery
2676:Freedom dividend
2644:
2637:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2536:
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2016:
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1645:"Happy families"
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1570:
1564:
1555:
1549:
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1519:
1510:. Archived from
1500:
1494:
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1477:
1471:
1461:
1455:
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1452:
1451:
1442:. Archived from
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1257:classics.mit.edu
1249:
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1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1107:Economics portal
1104:
1103:
1024:Richard M. Nixon
942:Universal Credit
831:pl:Zasiłek stały
778:citizens' income
602:
596:
455:
448:
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210:Agrarian Justice
191:Modern proposals
141:
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130:Persian monarch
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3283:Labor relations
3263:
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3251:
3249:
3237:
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3227:
3222:
3171:
3108:
3104:Social dividend
3052:
2963:Eduardo Suplicy
2933:Étienne Chouard
2916:
2887:Stephen Hawking
2882:Milton Friedman
2851:
2725:
2654:
2648:
2591:
2563:
2561:Further reading
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2538:
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2259:The Independent
2250:
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2201:
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2191:
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2181:. Alriyadh.com.
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2039:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1937:. 22 July 2021.
1927:
1926:
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1466:, Seth Mydans,
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1209:
1204:
1185:Social dividend
1119:
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1112:
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1098:
1095:
1064:
1062:Other countries
1032:George McGovern
952:
944:
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613:da:Kontanthjælp
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456:
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425:
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402:
373:Friedrich Hayek
309:
306:
268:Robert Theobald
245:Milton Friedman
193:
170:Augustus Caesar
132:Cyrus the Great
128:
123:
110:for the elderly
108:social pensions
76:
33:), also called
24:
21:
18:Social dividend
12:
11:
5:
3331:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Personal taxes
3295:
3290:
3285:
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3260:
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3247:
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3223:
3221:
3220:
3212:
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3159:
3157:United Kingdom
3154:
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3129:
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3110:
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3107:
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3099:Quatinga Velho
3096:
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3086:
3083:Auxílio Brasil
3075:
3070:
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3062:
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3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
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3043:Björn Wahlroos
3040:
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3028:Birger Schlaug
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3010:
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3000:
2995:
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2985:
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2975:
2973:Carole Pateman
2970:
2965:
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2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Harry F. Dahms
2935:
2930:
2928:Rutger Bregman
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2912:Anthony Barber
2909:
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2597:
2590:
2589:External links
2587:
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2578:
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2559:
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2556:
2546:(in Slovenian)
2531:
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2409:(in Bulgarian)
2394:
2375:(4): 633–648.
2359:
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2177:جريدة الرياض.
2169:
2139:
2117:
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2037:
2026:. 6 March 2020
2011:
1983:
1940:
1920:
1890:
1867:
1844:(2): 155–177.
1824:
1805:
1793:www.ontario.ca
1780:
1754:
1742:Policy Options
1729:
1704:
1669:
1636:
1615:(4): 617–634.
1595:
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1563:(8 April 2013)
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1372:Friedman, Rose
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1140:Cost of living
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3079:Bolsa Família
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3023:Susanne Wiest
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2877:C. H. Douglas
2875:
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2872:Tony Atkinson
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2787:Left Alliance
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2730:Organizations
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2545:
2544:Portal GOV.SI
2541:
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2527:
2521:
2506:
2505:www.lm.gov.lv
2502:
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2291:. 29 May 2020
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3038:Benoît Hamon
3018:Li Andersson
2958:Guy Standing
2921:Contemporary
2902:Thomas Paine
2817:Pirate Party
2777:Génération.s
2772:Fusion Party
2701:Real freedom
2680:
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2567:
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1200:Wage slavery
1121:Money portal
1056:welfare trap
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426:Please help
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242:
234:Henry George
225:
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199:advocated a
197:Thomas Paine
194:
179:Muslim
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158:Cura Annonae
155:
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129:
95:Student loan
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3203:(monograph)
3147:Netherlands
3048:Andrew Yang
3003:Valter Mutt
2993:Götz Werner
2897:James Meade
2892:Ailsa McKay
2847:Volt Europa
2782:Green Party
2528:. May 2020.
2456:www.mpsv.cz
2265:4 September
1976:20 November
1903:Cyprus Mail
1798:30 November
1773:30 November
1747:30 November
1722:30 November
1662:30 November
1170:Living wage
1045:block grant
985:payroll tax
925:Switzerland
796:Netherlands
739:West Bengal
523:nl:Leefloon
363:David Lange
351:New Zealand
314:James Tobin
55:citizenship
3267:Categories
3187:(pamphlet)
2983:Claus Offe
2948:André Gorz
2943:Uffe Elbæk
2574:(179), 1.
2550:2024-05-22
2511:2024-06-09
2461:2024-05-22
2437:2024-05-22
2413:2024-05-22
2235:2024-06-08
2202:2024-05-22
2079:BIN Italia
1861:1887/74128
1717:World Bank
1713:"Overview"
1518:2014-05-19
1450:2014-12-01
1262:2024-07-29
1207:References
1190:Solidarity
1005:disability
481:Chartalist
472:fiat money
396:(Canada).
390:Ayşe Buğra
175:The first
3245:Economics
3114:By region
2857:Advocates
2832:ReCivitas
2389:144251010
2335:0048-5950
2230:0261-3077
2084:5 October
2058:5 October
2030:5 October
2004:5 October
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1657:0013-0613
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2865:Historic
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1768:CNNMoney
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1093:See also
968:stipends
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185:Abu Bakr
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2822:Podemos
2691:Mincome
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2289:ELMUNDO
2110:16 June
1913:26 July
1344:Chicago
782:welfare
745:Ireland
706:Hungary
674:Germany
636:Finland
622:Estonia
607:Denmark
571:Ontario
560:Mincome
554:Mincome
511:Belgium
496:Austria
400:Funding
218:Emperor
216:French
203:to all
138:590 to
121:History
43:welfare
39:mincome
3278:Income
3219:(book)
3211:(book)
3195:(book)
3167:Global
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2802:MERA25
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548:Canada
528:Brazil
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298:wrote
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181:Caliph
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2086:2020
2060:2020
2032:2020
2006:2020
1978:2021
1915:2013
1800:2017
1775:2017
1749:2017
1724:2017
1664:2017
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1390:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1317:ISBN
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