163:
average cost of displaced energy of 4.7 ¢/kWh). In 2004, the total level of reallocated EEG surcharges was €2.4 billion, at a cost per consumer of 0.56 ¢/kWh (3% of household electricity costs). By 2013, the figure had risen to €20.4 billion. The tariffs are lowered every year to encourage more efficient production of renewable energy. By 2014, the EEG surcharge – which pays for the additional costs through feed-in tariffs – had increased to 6.24 ¢/kWh. As of July 2014, the regular reductions (degressions) were 1.5% per year for electricity from onshore wind and 1% per month for electricity from photovoltaics.
185:) was created with a lower tariff. The facade premium was abolished. In July 2010, the Renewable Energy Sources Act was again amended to reduce the tariffs by a further 16% in addition to the normal annual depreciation, as the prices for PV panels had dropped sharply in 2009. Another modification of the EEG occurred in 2011, when part of the degression foreseen for 2012 was brought forward to mid-2011 as a response to unexpectedly high installations in the course of 2010.
1300:
1286:
1274:, sewage gas, and mine gas), geothermal, and biomass. In late 2015, this new scheme is being tested, as a pilot project, for ground-mounted PV installations. With the Renewable Energy Sources Act (2017), auctions will become commonplace for new installations also for most other types of renewables.
162:
In the first half of 2014, 28.5% of gross electricity production in
Germany came from renewable sources. The Federal Environment Ministry estimated that renewables were to save 87 million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2012. The average level of feed-in tariff was 9.53 ¢/kWh in 2005 (compared to an
120:
technologies by providing them remuneration (a "tariff") above the retail or wholesale rates of electricity. The mechanism provides long-term security to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology. Technologies such as wind power, for instance, are
1269:
entered into force. Specific deployment corridors now stipulate the extent to which renewable energy is to be expanded in the future and the funding rates (feed-in tariffs) gradually will no longer be fixed by the government, but will be determined by auction. Wind and solar power are to be
550:
The support duration is 20 years plus the year of project commissioning, constant remuneration. Feed-in tariffs was lowered repeatedly (decreasing by 9% default and a maximum of 24% per year). Degression will be accelerated or slowed down by three percentage points for every
1588:
171:
ISEestimates, that only about 30% of the EEG apportionment outflows to China, while the rest is still spent domestically. The institute also predicts that
Germany's solar manufacturing sector will improve its competitive situation in the future.
180:
The feed-in tariff system has been modified frequently. The feed-in tariff, in force since 1 August 2004, was modified in 2008. In view of the unexpectedly high growth rates, the depreciation was accelerated and a new category
1592:
166:
The solar sector employed about 56,000 people in 2013, a strong decline from previous years, due to many insolvencies and business closures. Although most of the installed solar panels are nowadays imported from China, the
158:
goals of 40 to 45% of electricity consumption in 2025 and 55% to 60% in 2035. The policy also aims to encourage the development of renewable technologies, reduce external costs, and increase security of energy supply.
2003:
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2.0) entered into force. The government will now stipulate specific deployment corridors to control the uptake of renewables and the feed-in tariffs themselves will be determined by auction.
1419:
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As of July 2014, feed-in tariffs range from 3.33 ¢/kWh (4.4 ¢/kWh) for hydropower facilities over 50 MW to 12.88 ¢/kWh (17.3 ¢/kWh) for solar installations on buildings up to 30
1448:
1385:
1591:[Monthly reported new installations of PV systems and current feed-in tariffs of the German Renewable Energy Act] (in German). Bundesnetzagentur. Archived from
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2024:
1623:
1516:
168:
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1414:
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1657:
1446:
1747:
21:
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Some More
Figures on German EEG Renewables Generation, Revenues, Surcharge, Payments, and the Special Equalisation Scheme
1858:
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1318:
1266:
1260:
144:
1351:
Policymaker's Guide to Feed-in Tariff
Policies, U.S. National Renewable Energy Lab, www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44849.pdf
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1807:
1707:
568:
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2017:
1797:
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583:. The feed-in tariff for solar PV is declining at a faster rate than for any other renewable technology.
1643:
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BDEW: Renewables
Account for Record 28.5% of Gross German Electricity Consumption in First Half of 2014
572:
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1387:
Making a success of the energy transition: on the road to a secure, clean and affordable energy supply
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1904:
1622:. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). Archived from
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1313:
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2010:
1954:
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1687:
1341:. International Energy Agency – Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS). 21 May 2015.
2097:
1919:
567:
As of July 2014, feed-in tariffs for photovoltaic systems range from 12.88 ¢/kWh for small
1393:. Berlin, Germany: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). September 2015
8:
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113:
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1996:
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96:) were introduced in Germany to encourage the use of new energy technologies such as
2004:
Energy
Autonomy: The Economic, Social & Technological Case for Renewable Energy
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116:. Feed-in tariffs are a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in
2117:
1964:
1305:
1969:
1934:
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Installations on agricultural fields were removed under the PV Act (2010).
1979:
1974:
1949:
1899:
1338:
126:
1884:
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575:. Also, FiTs are restricted to PV system with a maximum capacity of 10
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Feed-in tariffs for newly installed photovoltaic systems paid over 20
77:
1635:
1722:
1697:
1480:
German
Renewables Surcharge Increases by 19% to 6.24 ¢/kWh in 2014
122:
1299:
101:
1581:
1727:
1589:"Photovoltaikanlagen: Datenmeldungen sowie EEG-Vergütungssätze"
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562:
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awarded a lower per-kWh price, while technologies such as
1254:
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are offered a higher price, reflecting higher costs.
2088:
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
1281:
571:
system, down to 8.92 ¢/kWh for large utility scaled
2025:
The
Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger
76:Development of feed-in tariffs for small rooftop
2115:
2011:The Energy Imperative: 100 Percent Renewable Now
1570:
1456:Erneuerbare Energien erreichen neuen Rekordwert
1416:Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
587:Feed-in tariffs for solar PV since April 2012
1491:Facts about solar PV (in German), pages 29-30
1651:
555:/a divergence from the target of 3500 MW
140:and 19 ¢/kWh (25.5 ¢/kWh) for offshore wind.
1703:Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland
1380:
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1542:Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft. 2 Feb 2011.
1523:Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft. 2 Feb 2011.
1504:Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft. 2 Feb 2011.
1849:National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency
1553:"Feed-in tariffs by category since 2009"
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176:Progression of solar PV FiTs before 2012
1409:
1407:
563:Progression of Solar PV FiTs since 2012
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2116:
1748:Nuclear reprocessing plant Wackersdorf
147:or EEG (2014) (colloquially called EEG
26:Overview of feed-in tariffs in Germany
22:Financial incentives for photovoltaics
1854:National Renewable Energy Action Plan
1758:Vattenfall Europe Nuclear Energy GmbH
1665:
1639:
2078:History of the anti-nuclear movement
2039:World Nuclear Industry Status Report
1404:
1803:List of photovoltaic power stations
1363:German Feed-in Tariffs 2014 (01-07)
1319:German Renewable Energy Sources Act
1261:German Renewable Energy Sources Act
1255:Renewable Energy Sources Act (2014)
33:Feed-in tariff for rooftop solar PV
13:
1808:Renewable energy commercialization
1708:EnBW Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG
14:
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2083:List of power stations in Germany
2073:The Greens–European Free Alliance
1683:Anti-nuclear movement in Germany
1577:Facts about solar PV (in German)
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1507:
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1:
2018:The Fourth Revolution: Energy
1616:Germany: feed-in tariffs 2013
1325:
154:The aim is to meet Germany's
1859:Renewable Energy Sources Act
1798:Energy transition in Germany
1559:(in German). Netztransparenz
1267:Renewable Energy Sources Act
1265:On 1 August 2014, a revised
145:Renewable Energy Sources Act
143:On 1 August 2014, a revised
84:capacity since 2001 in ¢/kWh
7:
2139:Renewable energy in Germany
1813:Renewable energy in Germany
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90:Feed-in electricity tariffs
10:
2155:
2050:Films about nuclear issues
2045:Books about nuclear issues
1270:targeted over hydro, gas (
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2124:Electric power in Germany
2093:Nuclear-Free Future Award
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1988:
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1718:Free Republic of Wendland
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1839:Climate Action Plan 2050
1738:Nuclear power in Germany
1733:List of nuclear reactors
1693:Anti-WAAhnsinns Festival
1844:Energy Saving Ordinance
1743:Nuclear power phase-out
1321:, also known as the EEG
1314:Energiewende in Germany
80:smaller than 10 kW
2103:Nuclear weapons debate
2068:Environmental movement
1955:Inge Schmitz-Feuerhake
1905:Siegwart Horst Günther
1818:Solar power in Germany
1557:www.netztransparenz.de
1533:EEG 2011 modifications
1514:EEG 2010 modifications
1502:EEG 2009 modifications
1823:Wind power in Germany
1781:100% renewable energy
1688:Anti-nuclear protests
16:Further information:
2098:Nuclear power debate
1466:German Energy Blog
1435:German Energy Blog
1413:HM Treasury (2006).
1360:German Energy Blog
1339:"Annual Report 2014"
466:agricultural fields
169:Fraunhofer institute
1713:E.ON Kernkraft GmbH
1595:on 11 February 2019
1478:German Energy Blog
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114:solar photovoltaics
1538:2011-08-15 at the
1519:2011-08-15 at the
1451:2014-07-29 at the
1369:2017-07-03 at the
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1997:The Atom Besieged
1880:Hildegard Breiner
1793:Energy transition
1667:Energy in Germany
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2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1970:Klaus Traube
1935:Claudia Roth
1910:Robert Jungk
1787:Energiewende
1785:
1753:RWE Power AG
1624:the original
1615:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1556:
1547:
1528:
1509:
1497:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1455:
1437:
1431:
1415:
1395:. Retrieved
1386:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1333:
1272:landfill gas
1264:
566:
551:1000 MW
549:
179:
165:
161:
153:
142:
131:
93:
89:
88:
1980:Armin Weiss
1975:Roland Vogt
1950:Jens Scheer
1900:Erich Fromm
573:solar parks
127:tidal power
2118:Categories
1885:Rolf Disch
1772:Renewable
1599:1 February
1563:2018-05-02
1397:2016-06-17
1326:References
1004:September
749:September
598:Degression
380:above 1000
106:hydropower
98:wind power
78:PV systems
1110:February
1067:December
1044:November
855:February
812:December
789:November
335:above 100
2059:Related
1723:Gorleben
1698:Brokdorf
1674:Nuclear
1536:Archived
1517:Archived
1449:Archived
1420:Archived
1367:Archived
1278:See also
1090:January
1024:October
835:January
769:October
569:roof-top
290:above 30
245:up to 30
123:solar PV
1426:p. 367.
981:August
729:August
235:January
227:October
193:years
102:biomass
2061:topics
1868:People
1774:energy
1728:Kalkar
1676:issues
1153:April
1133:March
1019:10.06
999:10.25
976:10.44
956:10.63
936:10.82
913:11.02
898:April
893:11.27
878:March
873:11.52
850:11.78
827:12.08
807:12.39
784:12.71
764:12.84
744:12.97
724:13.10
704:13.23
684:13.37
661:13.50
643:April
577:
537:17.94
504:other
461:18.76
420:18.33
382:
375:21.98
337:
330:23.23
292:
285:24.43
247:
191:
149:
134:
1989:Media
1627:(PDF)
1620:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
1248:100%
1228:8.92
1222:10.90
1219:12.22
1216:12.88
1213:July
1208:9.01
1202:11.01
1199:12.34
1196:13.01
1193:June
1188:9.10
1182:11.12
1179:12.47
1176:13.14
1168:9.19
1162:11.23
1159:12.60
1156:13.28
1148:9.28
1142:11.35
1139:12.72
1136:13.41
1128:9.38
1122:11.46
1119:12.85
1116:13.55
1105:9.47
1099:11.58
1096:12.98
1093:13.68
1082:9.61
1076:11.74
1073:13.17
1070:13.88
1062:9.74
1056:11.91
1053:13.35
1050:14.07
1039:9.88
1033:12.08
1030:13.54
1027:14.27
1016:10.06
1013:12.30
1010:13.79
1007:14.54
996:10.25
993:12.52
990:14.04
987:14.80
973:10.44
970:12.75
967:14.30
964:15.07
961:July
953:10.63
950:12.99
947:14.56
944:15.35
941:June
933:10.82
930:13.23
927:14.83
924:15.63
910:11.02
907:13.47
904:15.10
901:15.92
890:11.27
887:13.77
884:15.44
881:16.28
870:11.52
867:14.08
864:15.79
861:16.64
847:11.78
844:14.40
841:16.14
838:17.02
824:12.08
821:14.77
818:16.56
815:17.45
804:12.39
801:15.15
798:16.98
795:17.90
781:12.71
778:15.53
775:17.42
772:18.36
761:12.84
758:15.69
755:17.59
752:18.54
741:12.97
738:15.85
735:17.77
732:18.73
721:13.10
718:16.01
715:17.95
712:18.92
709:July
701:13.23
698:16.17
695:18.13
692:19.11
689:June
681:13.37
678:16.34
675:18.32
672:19.31
658:13.50
655:16.50
652:18.50
649:19.50
595:Month
534:21.11
531:24.26
528:25.02
525:28.43
522:31.94
519:35.49
516:37.96
513:40.60
510:43.40
507:45.70
487:28.43
484:31.94
481:35.49
478:37.96
475:40.60
472:43.40
469:45.70
458:22.07
455:25.37
452:26.16
449:28.43
446:31.94
443:35.49
440:37.96
437:40.60
434:43.40
431:45.70
417:21.56
414:24.79
411:25.55
408:29.37
405:33.00
402:43.99
399:46.30
396:48.74
393:51.30
390:54.00
372:25.86
369:29.73
366:30.65
363:35.23
360:39.58
357:43.99
354:46.30
351:48.74
348:51.30
345:54.00
327:27.33
324:31.42
321:32.39
318:37.23
315:40.91
312:44.48
309:46.82
306:49.28
303:51.87
300:54.60
282:28.74
279:33.03
276:34.05
273:39.14
270:43.01
267:46.75
264:49.21
261:51.80
258:54.53
255:57.40
237:2012
1763:Wyhl
1601:2015
1443:BDEW
1245:100%
1236:100%
1225:8.92
1205:9.01
1185:9.10
1173:May
1165:9.19
1145:9.28
1125:9.38
1113:1.0%
1102:9.47
1087:2014
1079:9.61
1059:9.74
1047:1.4%
1036:9.88
984:1.8%
921:1.8%
918:May
858:2.2%
832:2013
792:2.5%
669:1.0%
666:May
640:2012
592:Year
559:/a.
232:2011
229:2010
224:2010
222:July
219:2010
216:2009
213:2008
210:2007
207:2006
204:2005
201:2004
198:Type
125:and
112:and
68:2015
65:2010
62:2005
59:2001
20:and
1242:90%
1239:90%
94:FiT
2120::
1555:.
1445:,
1441:,
1406:^
1377:^
579:MW
499:—
384:kW
339:kW
294:kW
249:kW
136:kW
108:,
104:,
100:,
54:60
51:50
48:40
45:30
42:20
39:10
1659:e
1652:t
1645:v
1603:.
1566:.
1400:.
646:—
634:p
628:p
622:p
616:p
608:p
581:p
557:p
553:p
496:—
493:—
490:—
386:p
341:p
296:p
251:p
183:p
138:p
92:(
82:p
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