1069:
1036:
78:
55:
908:
1054:
524:
absorption. This, combined with its other health benefits, mean that animals grazing sainfoin have very rapid liveweight gains, so young stock can be finished sooner and with very good carcass grades. Sainfoin is therefore extremely useful to low input and organic farmers. Yields can be very high at
3044:
Theodoridou, K., Aufrère, J., Andueza, D., Le Morvan, A., Picard, F., Stringano, E., Pourrat, J., Mueller-Harvey, I., Baumont, R. Effect of plant development during first and second growth cycle on chemical composition, condensed tannins and nutritive value of three sainfoin
2965:
L'herbe appellée en France sain-foin, en Italie herba medica, en
Provence et Languedoc luzerne. De l'excessive louange qu'on a donné à ceste plante, à cause de sa vertu medecinale et engraissante le bestail qui s'en paist, vient ce mot de
571:
content, but also include structure-activity considerations. The results obtained, with sheep at maintenance fed a diet containing only sainfoin will be tested with producing animals, for example growing
607:) or with other legumes such as red clover, white clover or lucerne. Results have shown the choice of the variety is important. A variety like Esparcette, characterised by the highest
2783:
2833:
2823:
2603:
2282:
2850:
2522:
2480:
2413:
2118:
1844:
1814:
1715:
1375:
619:, offers advantages over traditional haymaking, being less weather-dependent, and allows a high quality of forage during the harvesting period. In particular, wrapped
3056:
Theodoridou, K., Aufrère, J., Andueza, D., Pourrat, J., Le Morvan, A., Stringano, E., Mueller-Harvey, I., Baumont, R. Effects of condensed tannins in fresh sainfoin (
2813:
2803:
2683:
2633:
2613:
2433:
2352:
2322:
2183:
2128:
2033:
1834:
1558:
1527:
1461:
1344:
1199:
1169:
1095:
1028:
2906:
2673:
2653:
2593:
2573:
2512:
2403:
2202:
2173:
2152:
2088:
2078:
1993:
1935:
1774:
1688:
1648:
1638:
1598:
1448:
1045:
1022:
852:
2793:
2773:
2723:
2703:
2643:
2502:
2423:
2292:
2242:
2212:
2023:
2003:
1975:
1895:
1824:
1698:
1568:
1435:
1313:
1303:
1189:
1149:
952:
919:
2840:
2763:
2733:
2713:
2693:
2583:
2453:
2443:
2383:
2302:
2272:
2232:
2222:
2108:
2043:
2013:
1965:
1794:
1784:
1678:
1668:
1618:
1354:
1159:
1115:
1105:
1006:
476:
2623:
2393:
2332:
2312:
2058:
1955:
1736:
1578:
1493:
1406:
1396:
1364:
1217:
994:
978:
946:
925:
64:
2753:
2663:
2492:
2463:
2373:
2363:
2342:
2262:
2252:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1854:
1764:
1628:
1608:
1588:
1517:
1334:
1288:
1085:
1012:
989:
968:
2743:
2068:
1945:
1804:
1705:
1658:
1425:
1179:
940:
2860:
2098:
1537:
1455:
1040:
1017:
847:
512:. Unlike many other legumes, it is non-bloating and is known to have anthelmintic properties, so reducing the problems associated with livestock
352:, alternate, with 6 to 14 pairs of oblong to linear leaflets. Sainfoins have pale pink flowers, typically blooming between June and September and
3292:
3022:
Stringano, E., Hayot
Carbonero, C., Smith, L.M.J., Brown, R.H., Mueller-Harvey, I. Proanthocyanidin diversity in the EU 'Healthy Hay' sainfoin (
717:. From the inordinate praise the plant has been given, for its medical virtues and for fattening the livestock that graze on it, comes the term
532:
and flavonoids. There are significant differences between
Sainfoin types and this will lead to further development of Sainfoin plant breeding.
3331:
368:
bear prominent spikes or similar protrusions in many species, enabling them to cling to the fur of large mammals and be thus distributed.
3367:
3240:
888:, travelling salesman George Bowling regularly reminisces about the smell of sainfoin in his father's seed shop in Lower Binfield.
3305:
3253:
3467:
3310:
528:
Methods and research techniques have been studied and developed to look specifically at
Sainfoin polyphenols which include
900:
are considered at least provisionally valid by the
International Legume Database & Information Service; some notable
3075:
Stringano, E., Cramer, R., Hayes, W., Smith, C., Gibson, T., Mueller-Harvey, I. Deciphering the complexity of sainfoin (
611:
content, may provide beneficial effects with a lower proportion in a mixture with other legumes. Preserving legumes, as
3033:
Niderkorn, V., Mueller-Harvey, I., Le Morvan, A., Aufrère, J. Synergistic effects of mixing cocksfoot and sainfoin on
3009:
3421:
3336:
3279:
3385:
3416:
434:, sainfoins are difficult to establish as pasture, are not persistent in grassland, and only yield one crop of
3318:
3079:) proanthocyanidins by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a judicious choice of isotope patterns and matrices.
3152:
3222:
3209:
2935:
3380:
2942:
77:
665:, "to eat greedily"). This refers to sainfoin's good properties as a forage plant for large mammalian
3477:
3346:
3258:
623:
bales of sainfoin have great potential in animal nutrition and can be used by farmers, as found that
3472:
17:
3372:
3217:
2485:
3204:
3095:
3015:
Hayot
Carbonero, C., Mueller-Harvey, I., Smith, L., Brown, T. A review of a beneficial forage,
520:, and it is these that protect animals against bloat. Sainfoin has also been shown to increase
3297:
738:
3359:
2888:
1058:
588:. In producing animals the diet will comprise different forage sources and supplement feeds.
444:
308:
3178:
3133:
470:
1068:
500:
Sainfoin provides a superb forage for grazing animals and voluntary intake of sainfoin by
8:
3457:
777:
31:
3232:
3429:
223:
72:
3354:
3165:
3005:
2878:
884:
692:
556:
341:
3462:
3434:
3170:
857:
820:
811:
795:
624:
608:
591:
Sainfoin is seldom used as a pure crop and is generally introduced in pasture in a
568:
564:
552:
517:
35:
3157:
3144:
1035:
1125:
957:
860:
786:
768:
750:
728:
317:
279:
115:
3408:
3323:
759:
689:
287:
102:
345:
3451:
3118:
1062:
879:
639:
563:
content than lucerne, is high. Future research, on the nutritional impact of
198:
3398:
361:
332:
plants, but their range extends throughout Europe as far north as southern
295:
3266:
3127:
463:
459:
455:
420:
376:
365:
329:
3245:
2989:
International Legume
Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005)
1053:
901:
742:
676:
481:
442:
per year. Thus they are seldom grown in any significant extent, though
396:
353:
181:
54:
907:
615:, is a good way to provide an on-farm source of home-grown energy and
3271:
3191:
666:
654:
642:
489:
357:
337:
313:
312:
is naturalized throughout many countries in Europe and North
America
171:
3089:
3393:
3112:
831:
597:
560:
548:
536:
404:
303:
283:
161:
128:
3196:
829:, has in many languages come to mean species of the related genus
3284:
897:
836:
727:
In northern
European languages that have been less influenced by
616:
521:
431:
416:
412:
392:
388:
349:
151:
679:
620:
612:
603:
577:
529:
501:
495:
427:
384:
380:
372:
333:
141:
3183:
660:
648:
592:
573:
509:
505:
400:
89:
1076:
581:
513:
466:
439:
424:
299:
3017:
Plant
Genetic Resources: Utilization and Characterization
3001:
Farhang-i nāmhā-yi giyāhān-i Īrān: Lātīnī, Inglīsī, Fārsī
824:
712:
685:
585:
435:
2990:
539:
utilisation by ruminants and reduce greenhouse gases (CH
863:
that have been recorded. The Dacians called this plant
627:
effects were not reduced by this mode of preservation.
2996:. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2009-JAN-26.
799:
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the bean family Fabaceae
3086:
papers by M. Lorenz and P. Uden (Uppsala University)
30:"Sainfoin" redirects here. For Royal Navy ship, see
741:term for the similar-looking and closely related
551:and energy value, is to use forages that contain
371:These highly nutritious plants were an important
286:). About 206 species are presently accepted. The
3449:
780:
323:
3037:rumen fermentation. Role of condensed tannins.
814:
805:
732:
706:
870:
864:
789:
771:
753:
718:
700:
496:Nutritional benefits and the latest research
387:for bee food. Because sainfoins are rich in
294:; the main centre of diversity extends from
762:
423:. Adapted to slow but steady growth in the
403:, the proteins are instead absorbed in the
302:, with 56 species – 27 of which are
53:
1880:(Boiss. & Reut.) Greuter & Burdet
1067:
1052:
1034:
906:
731:, the plants' name usually derives from
419:resistant, but do not recover well from
282:herbaceous plants of the legume family (
454:species are used as food plants by the
379:, and are still an excellent source of
14:
3450:
2931:
2929:
2927:
3094:
3093:
688:"). In the words of the 16th-century
448:is met with somewhat more regularly.
306:– in the latter country alone.
3422:eee2e2f1-4b3d-40d3-b760-6fd1be2ee390
3347:de0f1541-70d2-4537-9f9a-5d73d51619a1
214:
2924:
24:
3386:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30311989-2
891:
638:means "devoured by donkeys", from
25:
3489:
856:) is one of the few words of the
2999:Muẓaffariyān, Valī Allāh (1996)
2359:(validity requires confirmation)
1421:(validity requires confirmation)
1371:(validity requires confirmation)
711:, in Provence and the Languedoc
383:for honey production as well as
76:
567:is likely not only be based on
559:of sainfoin, despite its lower
3003:. Tehran: Farhang-i Muʻāṣir .
2970:
2958:
2949:
2946:. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
1510:(Sirj.) Guitt. & Kerguelen
13:
1:
2983:
1998:(Sirj. & Rech.f.) Rech.f.
324:Description, ecology and uses
2917:
1474:sensu auct. fl. As. Med. non
655:
643:
630:
595:-legume mix with cocksfoot (
375:for heavy working horses in
364:. The rounded single-seeded
7:
3468:Taxa named by Philip Miller
2784:Onobrychis tavernieraefolia
1281:(Jord.) Asch. & Graebn.
800:
547:O), without altering their
525:around 16t DM per hectare.
10:
3494:
2943:Plants of the World Online
1130:(Waldst. & Kit.) Desv.
661:
649:
278:, are a genus of Eurasian
29:
3102:
3049:) varieties and Lucerne.
2834:Onobrychis transsilvanica
2824:Onobrychis transcaucasica
2604:Onobrychis schuschajensis
2283:Onobrychis novopokrovskii
806:
535:One method for improving
229:
222:
211:
206:
73:Scientific classification
71:
61:
52:
45:
34:. For the racehorse, see
3070:Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
3039:Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
2851:Onobrychis vassilczenkoi
2523:Onobrychis saravschanica
2481:Onobrychis rechingerorum
2414:Onobrychis psoraleifolia
2119:Onobrychis mazanderanica
1845:Onobrychis hohenackerana
1815:Onobrychis haussknechtii
1716:Onobrychis gontscharovii
1486:sensu auct. fl. As. Med.
1482:sensu auct. fl. As. Med.
1376:Onobrychis biebersteinii
555:, such as sainfoin. The
3026:) germplasm collection
2814:Onobrychis transcaspica
2804:Onobrychis tournefortii
2684:Onobrychis spinosissima
2634:Onobrychis shahpurensis
2614:Onobrychis scrobiculata
2434:Onobrychis ptychophylla
2353:Onobrychis paucidentata
2323:Onobrychis oxytropoides
2184:Onobrychis melanotricha
2129:Onobrychis megalobotrys
2034:Onobrychis lahidjanicus
1835:Onobrychis heterophylla
1559:Onobrychis daghestanica
1528:Onobrychis crista-galli
1462:Onobrychis chorassanica
1345:Onobrychis baldshuanica
1200:Onobrychis angustifolia
1170:Onobrychis alyassinicus
1096:Onobrychis aequidentata
871:
865:
846:The native name of the
733:
680:
508:is 20% higher than for
336:. These plants grow on
2907:Onobrychis wettsteinii
2674:Onobrychis sphaciotica
2654:Onobrychis sirdjanicus
2594:Onobrychis schahuensis
2574:Onobrychis sauzakensis
2513:Onobrychis samanganica
2404:Onobrychis poikilantha
2203:Onobrychis mermuelleri
2174:Onobrychis megataphros
2153:Onobrychis megaloptera
2089:Onobrychis macrorrhiza
2079:Onobrychis luristanica
1994:Onobrychis kermanensis
1936:Onobrychis iranshahrii
1775:Onobrychis grossheimii
1689:Onobrychis galegifolia
1649:Onobrychis eubrychidea
1639:Onobrychis elymaitiaca
1599:Onobrychis depauperata
1449:Onobrychis caput-galli
1079:
1065:
1050:
1032:
825:
815:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
411:typically have a deep
3077:Onobrychis viciifolia
3058:Onobrychis viciifolia
3047:Onobrychis viciifolia
3024:Onobrychis viciifolia
2889:Onobrychis viciifolia
2794:Onobrychis tesquicola
2774:Onobrychis talagonica
2724:Onobrychis subacaulis
2704:Onobrychis stenorhiza
2698:Rech.f. & Podlech
2644:Onobrychis sintenisii
2503:Onobrychis ruprechtii
2424:Onobrychis ptolemaica
2293:Onobrychis nummularia
2243:Onobrychis microptera
2213:Onobrychis meschetica
2207:Podlech & Rech.f.
2024:Onobrychis kotschyana
2004:Onobrychis kluchorica
1986:sensu auct. fl. Cauc.
1976:Onobrychis kemulariae
1896:Onobrychis hypargyrea
1825:Onobrychis heliocarpa
1699:Onobrychis garinensis
1643:Boiss. & Hausskn.
1569:Onobrychis darwasicaa
1436:Onobrychis cadevallii
1416:Onobrychis "buhseana"
1314:Onobrychis atropatana
1304:Onobrychis arnacantha
1244:sensu auct. fl. Ross.
1210:sensu auct. fl. Cauc.
1190:Onobrychis andalanica
1150:Onobrychis aliacmonia
1071:
1059:Onobrychis viciifolia
1056:
1038:
910:
697:
516:. Sainfoin contains
462:species, such as the
328:Sainfoins are mostly
3083:2011, 83, 4147–4153.
2841:Onobrychis vaginalis
2764:Onobrychis szovitsii
2734:Onobrychis subnitens
2714:Onobrychis stewartii
2694:Onobrychis splendida
2584:Onobrychis saxatilis
2454:Onobrychis pyrenaica
2444:Onobrychis pulchella
2384:Onobrychis pindicola
2347:Boiss. & Kotschy
2303:Onobrychis oxyodonta
2273:Onobrychis nikitinii
2233:Onobrychis micrantha
2223:Onobrychis michauxii
2109:Onobrychis majorovii
2103:(Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.
2044:Onobrychis laxiflora
2014:Onobrychis komarovii
1966:Onobrychis kachetica
1795:Onobrychis hajastana
1785:Onobrychis gypsicola
1679:Onobrychis freitagii
1669:Onobrychis ferganica
1623:Boiss. & Spruner
1619:Onobrychis ebenoides
1355:Onobrychis bertiscea
1160:Onobrychis altissima
1116:Onobrychis alatavica
1106:Onobrychis afghanica
1039:Drawing of fruiting
911:Seedpods of various
705:in France, in Italy
699:"The herb is called
471:Coleophora colutella
290:lists 23 species of
3068:digestion in sheep
2955:Muẓaffariyān (1996)
2624:Onobrychis sennenii
2578:Sirj. & Rech.f.
2438:Sirj. & Rech.f.
2394:Onobrychis plantago
2368:Sirj. & Rech.f.
2333:Onobrychis pallasii
2313:Onobrychis oxyptera
2133:Aitch. & Hemsl.
2059:Onobrychis longipes
1956:Onobrychis kabylica
1737:Onobrychis gracilis
1579:Onobrychis dealbata
1503:Onobrychis conferta
1494:Onobrychis conferta
1407:Onobrychis buhseana
1397:Onobrychis bobrovii
1365:Onobrychis bicornis
1359:Sirj. & Rech.f.
1274:Onobrychis arenaria
1251:Onobrychis arenaria
1227:Onobrychis arenaria
1218:Onobrychis arenaria
1110:Sirj. & Rech.f.
1073:Onobrychis argentea
65:Onobrychis arenaria
32:HMS Sainfoin (F183)
3053:2011, 66, 402–414.
3030:2012, 77, 197–208.
2754:Onobrychis susiana
2664:Onobrychis sojakii
2493:Onobrychis reuteri
2464:Onobrychis radiata
2374:Onobrychis petraea
2364:Onobrychis persica
2343:Onobrychis pallida
2263:Onobrychis nemecii
2253:Onobrychis montana
1970:Boiss. & Buhse
1926:Onobrychis iranica
1916:Onobrychis inermis
1906:Onobrychis iberica
1873:Onobrychis humilis
1864:Onobrychis humilis
1855:Onobrychis humilis
1765:Onobrychis grandis
1629:Onobrychis echidna
1609:Onobrychis dielsii
1589:Onobrychis degenii
1518:Onobrychis cornuta
1335:Onobrychis aucheri
1289:Onobrychis argyrea
1086:Onobrychis acaulis
1080:
1066:
1051:
1033:
970:Onobrychis humilis
823:name of sainfoin,
580:, lactating ewes,
3445:
3444:
3355:Open Tree of Life
3096:Taxon identifiers
3072:2010, 160, 23–38.
3041:2012, 178, 48–56.
3012:
2912:
2901:
2894:
2884:
2879:Onobrychis venosa
2873:
2866:
2856:
2846:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2744:Onobrychis supina
2739:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2568:
2555:
2548:
2538:
2537:Popov & Vved.
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2476:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2337:(Willd.) M. Bieb.
2328:
2318:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2189:
2179:
2168:
2158:
2147:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2069:Onobrychis lunata
2064:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1987:
1984:O. biebersteinii
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1946:Onobrychis jailae
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1888:
1884:O. longeaculeata
1881:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1805:Onobrychis hamata
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1759:
1749:
1745:O. longeaculeata
1742:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1706:Onobrychis gaubae
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1663:Freyn & Sint.
1659:Onobrychis fallax
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1613:(Sirj.) Vassilcz.
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1454:
1444:
1431:
1426:Onobrychis bungei
1420:
1412:
1402:
1391:
1381:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1294:
1282:
1269:
1259:
1258:(Besser) P.W.Ball
1245:
1239:
1223:
1211:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1184:Popov & Vved.
1180:Onobrychis amoena
1175:
1165:
1155:
1143:
1142:(Vandas) P.W.Ball
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
904:are also listed:
885:Coming Up for Air
819:. Meanwhile, the
693:Olivier de Serres
565:condensed tannins
553:condensed tannins
518:condensed tannins
486:Polyommatus damon
348:. The leaves are
342:agricultural land
267:
266:
261:
237:
202:
16:(Redirected from
3485:
3478:Palearctic flora
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3324:NHMSYS0000461185
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3091:
3090:
3004:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2933:
2910:
2899:
2892:
2882:
2871:
2864:
2861:Onobrychis verae
2854:
2844:
2827:
2817:
2807:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2566:non fl. As. Med.
2560:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
2484:
2474:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2187:
2177:
2163:
2156:
2145:non fl. As. Med.
2139:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2099:Onobrychis major
2092:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1985:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1886:
1879:
1859:(Loefl.) G.López
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1754:
1748:(Pacz.) Wissjul.
1747:
1740:
1726:
1719:
1709:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1548:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1429:
1418:
1410:
1400:
1386:
1379:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1324:
1317:
1307:
1292:
1280:
1264:
1257:
1243:
1237:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
874:
868:
835:, in particular
828:
818:
809:
808:
803:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
749:). Examples are
736:
722:
716:
710:
704:
683:
675:is derived from
664:
663:
658:
653:, "donkey") and
652:
651:
646:
625:condensed tannin
609:condensed tannin
569:condensed tannin
415:and so are very
318:calcareous soils
259:
253:
245:
235:
197:
81:
80:
57:
43:
42:
36:Sainfoin (horse)
21:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3473:Fabaceae genera
3448:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3270:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3098:
3051:Grass For. Sci.
3019:2011, 9, 70–85.
2986:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2934:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2562:sensu auct. non
2545:sensu auct. non
2541:O. baldshuanica
2535:sensu auct. non
2468:(Desf.) M.Bieb.
2378:(Willd.) Fisch.
2161:O. chorassanica
2141:sensu auct. non
1728:sensu auct. non
1673:(Sirj.) Grossh.
1538:Onobrychis cyri
1484:, O. vaginalis
1322:O. heterophylla
1266:sensu auct. non
1135:Onobrychis alba
1126:Onobrychis alba
1029:O. aequidentata
1003:
966:
933:
916:
894:
892:List of species
861:Dacian language
633:
557:nutritive value
546:
542:
498:
326:
260:Galushko (1979)
251:
243:
236:Galushko (1976)
196:
75:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:wfo-4000026877
3426:
3413:
3403:
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3341:
3328:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3139:
3124:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3073:
3054:
3042:
3031:
3028:Phytochemistry
3020:
3013:
2997:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2957:
2948:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2885:
2875:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2808:(Willd.) Desv.
2800:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2551:O. baldzuanica
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2477:
2460:
2458:(Sennen) Sirj.
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2180:
2170:
2149:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2052:O. schugnanica
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1972:
1962:
1960:(Bornm.) Sirj.
1952:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1870:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1733:
1712:
1702:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1546:O. viciaefolia
1534:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1490:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1422:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1372:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1310:
1300:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1248:
1242:O. viciifolia
1214:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1081:
1046:O. caput-galli
1023:O. caput-galli
896:The following
893:
890:
853:O. caput-galli
690:soil scientist
632:
629:
544:
540:
497:
494:
391:which protect
325:
322:
288:Flora Europaea
265:
264:
263:
262:
254:
252:Bertol. (1843)
246:
238:
227:
226:
220:
219:
213:Some 206, see
209:
208:
204:
203:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
100:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
69:
68:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3490:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:964-5545-19-6
3007:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:(Desf.) Desv.
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1475:
1471:
1470:O. circinnata
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1063:inflorescence
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
997:
992:
991:
986:
985:
981:
976:
975:
971:
965:
964:
960:
955:
954:
953:O. stenorhiza
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
932:
928:
927:
922:
921:
920:O. hypargyrea
914:
909:
905:
903:
899:
889:
887:
886:
881:
880:George Orwell
876:
873:
867:
862:
859:
855:
854:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
833:
827:
822:
817:
813:
802:
797:
792:
788:
783:
779:
774:
770:
765:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
730:
724:
721:
715:
709:
703:
696:
694:
691:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
668:
657:
645:
641:
640:Ancient Greek
637:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
601:), ryegrass (
600:
599:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
538:
533:
531:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
474:(recorded on
473:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
446:
445:O. viciifolia
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
362:solitary bees
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:
309:O. viciifolia
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
258:
257:Xanthobrychis
255:
250:
247:
242:
239:
234:
233:Dendrobrychis
231:
230:
228:
225:
221:
218:
216:
210:
205:
200:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:Tracheophytes
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
74:
70:
67:
66:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3103:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3000:
2992:
2976:ILDIS (2005)
2972:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2883:(Desf).Desv.
2877:
2868:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2558:O. circinata
2557:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2479:
2472:O. circinata
2471:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2428:(Delile) DC.
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2195:
2192:O. belangeri
2191:
2182:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2137:O. vaginalis
2136:
2127:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1887:(Boiss.) Pau
1883:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1704:
1697:
1687:
1677:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1262:O. tanaitica
1261:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1235:O. tanaitica
1234:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1100:(Sm.) d'Urv.
1094:
1084:
1072:
1057:
1044:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1007:O. oxyodonta
1005:
999:
995:
988:
983:
979:
973:
969:
962:
958:
951:
945:
939:
935:
930:
924:
918:
912:
895:
883:
877:
851:
845:
840:
830:
746:
743:sweetvetches
726:
708:herba medica
698:
672:
671:
635:
634:
602:
596:
590:
534:
527:
499:
485:
477:O. saxatilis
475:
469:
456:caterpillars
451:
450:
443:
408:
370:
327:
307:
296:Central Asia
291:
275:
270:
269:
268:
256:
248:
244:Desv. (1813)
241:Echinolobium
240:
232:
212:
192:
191:
135:
122:
109:
96:
63:
46:
40:
3267:iNaturalist
3128:Wikispecies
3081:Anal. Chem.
2818:V.V.Nikitin
2748:(Vill.) DC.
2608:O.D.Agajeva
2196:O. linearis
1877:matritensis
1480:O. radiata
1456:Cock's Head
1041:Cock's Head
1018:Cock's Head
996:O. arenaria
980:O. conferta
947:O. gracilis
926:O. pallasii
848:cock's head
464:case-bearer
460:Lepidoptera
421:overgrazing
377:agriculture
330:subtropical
249:Eriocarpaea
168:Subfamily:
116:Angiosperms
3458:Hedysareae
3452:Categories
3233:onobrychis
3134:Onobrychis
3104:Onobrychis
2993:Onobrychis
2984:References
2937:Onobrychis
2869:O. lipskyi
2527:B.Fedtsch.
2157:Kovalevsk.
1779:B.Fedtsch.
1724:O. lipskyi
1522:(L.) Desv.
1278:tommasinii
1222:(Kit.) DC.
1208:O. petrae
1013:O. inermis
1000:tommasinii
990:O. montana
936:O. petraea
931:O. radiata
913:Onobrychis
902:subspecies
872:aniassexie
778:Lithuanian
773:Esparsette
764:esparcette
755:esparsette
702:sain-foin'
684:("healthy
677:Old French
667:herbivores
636:Onobrychis
482:Damon Blue
480:) and the
452:Onobrychis
409:Onobrychis
397:hydrolysis
358:honey bees
354:pollinated
314:grasslands
292:Onobrychis
271:Onobrychis
193:Onobrychis
182:Hedysareae
62:Flowering
47:Onobrychis
2918:Footnotes
2897:O. sativa
2588:(L.) Lam.
2531:O. amoena
2287:Vassilcz.
2143:C.A.Mey.
1809:Vassilcz.
1752:O. petrae
1720:Vassilcz.
1573:Vassilcz.
1532:(L.) Lam.
1507:hispanica
1453:(L.) Lam.
1384:O. sativa
1369:Vassilcz.
1297:O. ornata
984:hispanica
941:O. supina
866:aniarsexe
841:M. sativa
816:esparsett
801:espartset
782:esparceta
747:Hedysarum
739:Provençal
734:esparceto
681:sain foin
631:Etymology
490:butterfly
346:wasteland
338:grassland
280:perennial
276:sainfoins
172:Faboideae
86:Kingdom:
3417:VicFlora
3406:VASCAN:
3399:40032025
3394:Tropicos
3113:Wikidata
3035:in vitro
2845:C.A.Mey.
2497:Leresche
2486:Wendelbo
2388:Hausskn.
2167:Nikitina
1950:Czernova
1849:C.A.Mey.
1839:C.A.Mey.
1440:Jahand.
1255:sibirica
1231:arenaria
1139:calcarea
1120:Bajtenov
963:calcarea
915:species:
832:Medicago
807:Эспарцет
791:sparceta
673:Sainfoin
598:Dactylis
561:nitrogen
549:nitrogen
537:nitrogen
458:of some
430:belt of
405:abomasum
393:proteins
284:Fabaceae
224:Synonyms
207:Species
162:Fabaceae
158:Family:
129:Eudicots
18:Esparcet
3463:Forages
3360:1060496
3298:1040234
3285:23070-1
3246:2972544
3119:Q156932
3066:in situ
3062:in vivo
2911:Nabelek
2872:Korovin
2855:Grossh.
2828:Grossh.
2798:Krytzka
2778:Rech.f.
2758:Nabelek
2678:Greuter
2668:Rech.f.
2638:Rech.f.
2564:Ledeb.
2517:Rech.f.
2507:Grossh.
2448:Schrenk
2408:Rech.f.
2237:Schrenk
2217:Grossh.
2123:Rech.f.
2113:Grossh.
2093:Rech.f.
2083:Rech.f.
2018:Grossh.
2008:Chinth.
1980:Chinth.
1940:Rech.f.
1910:Grossh.
1868:humilis
1799:Grossh.
1789:Rech.f.
1730:Korovin
1683:Rech.f.
1563:Grossh.
1552:Trautv.
1542:Grossh.
1401:Grossh.
1328:Trautv.
1268:Spreng.
1238:Spreng.
1204:Chinth.
1164:Grossh.
1154:Rech.f.
1049:) stalk
1026:), 16)
974:humilis
959:O. alba
898:species
858:extinct
837:Alfalfa
826:luzerne
821:Occitan
812:Swedish
796:Russian
714:luzerne
662:βρύκειν
656:brýkein
617:protein
530:tannins
522:protein
432:Eurasia
417:drought
413:taproot
399:in the
389:tannins
350:pinnate
304:endemic
188:Genus:
178:Tribe:
152:Fabales
148:Order:
90:Plantae
3368:PLANTS
3344:NZOR:
3230:FoIO:
3223:122934
3210:122934
3158:107829
3145:193178
3142:APDB:
3008:
2991:Genus
2788:Boiss.
2768:Boiss.
2738:Bornm.
2728:Boiss.
2648:Bornm.
2618:Boiss.
2598:Bornm.
2475:Ledeb.
2418:Boiss.
2398:Bornm.
2317:Boiss.
2307:Boiss.
2297:Boiss.
2277:Orazm.
2188:Boiss.
2178:Boiss.
2073:Boiss.
1930:Bornm.
1920:Steven
1900:Boiss.
1829:Boiss.
1819:Boiss.
1769:Lipsky
1758:Besser
1741:Besser
1710:Bornm.
1693:Boiss.
1653:Boiss.
1633:Lipsky
1603:Boiss.
1593:Dorfl.
1583:Stocks
1476:Ledeb.
1466:Boiss.
1442:et al.
1430:Boiss.
1411:Boiss.
1390:Ledeb.
1339:Boiss.
1318:Boiss.
1308:Boiss.
1293:Boiss.
1194:Bornm.
1090:Bornm.
1016:, 15)
1010:, 14)
993:, 12)
987:, 11)
810:) and
787:Polish
769:German
751:Danish
737:, the
729:French
621:silage
613:silage
604:Lolium
578:cattle
502:cattle
428:steppe
385:pollen
381:nectar
373:forage
334:Sweden
274:, the
201:(1754)
142:Rosids
3373:ONOBR
3311:26809
3293:IRMNG
3272:55444
3197:1ONBG
3184:13466
3171:9CLHZ
3060:) on
2966:sain.
2939:Mill.
2893:Scop.
2865:Sirj.
2718:Baker
2688:Baker
2658:Parsa
2628:Sirj.
2554:Sirj.
2547:Sirj.
2357:Pomel
2327:Bunge
2267:Sirj.
2247:Baker
2194:, =?
2165:sensu
2063:Bunge
2048:Baker
2038:Parsa
2028:Fenzl
1875:ssp.
1866:ssp.
1756:sensu
1550:sensu
1505:ssp.
1419:Bunge
1388:sensu
1380:Sirj.
1349:Sirj.
1326:sensu
1276:ssp.
1253:ssp.
1229:ssp.
1174:Parsa
1137:ssp.
998:ssp.
982:ssp.
972:ssp.
961:ssp.
956:, 8)
950:, 7)
944:, 6)
938:, 5)
929:, 3)
923:, 2)
760:Dutch
593:grass
582:goats
574:sheep
514:worms
510:grass
506:sheep
440:seeds
401:rumen
395:from
199:Mill.
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
97:Clade
3409:1478
3381:POWO
3337:3881
3332:NCBI
3306:ITIS
3280:IPNI
3259:8469
3254:GRIN
3241:GBIF
3192:EPPO
3153:APNI
3064:and
3006:ISBN
2900:Lam.
2190:(=?
2159:(=?
2050:(=?
1544:(=?
1320:(=?
1077:MHNT
1004:13)
977:10)
720:sain
650:ὄνος
644:ónos
586:cows
576:and
504:and
467:moth
425:arid
366:pods
360:and
344:and
300:Iran
215:text
3430:WFO
3319:NBN
3218:FoC
3205:FNA
3179:EoL
3166:CoL
2895:(=
2867:(=
2708:DC.
2529:(=
2470:(=
2257:DC.
2227:DC.
2135:(=
1982:(=
1882:(=
1743:(=
1722:(=
1468:(=
1382:(=
1295:(=
1260:(=
1233:(=
1206:(=
967:9)
934:4)
917:1)
882:'s
878:In
869:or
843:).
686:hay
584:or
543:, N
438:or
436:hay
356:by
316:on
298:to
3454::
3432::
3419::
3396::
3383::
3370::
3357::
3334::
3321::
3308::
3295::
3282::
3269::
3256::
3243::
3220::
3207::
3194::
3181::
3168::
3155::
3130::
3115::
2926:^
2556:,
2549:,
2539:,
1750:,
1478:,
1240:,
1075:-
875:.
794:,
785:,
776:,
767:,
758:,
723:."
695::
669:.
492:.
488:)
407:.
340:,
320:.
217:.
138::
125::
112::
99::
3045:(
2902:)
2874:)
2569:)
2198:)
2169:)
2148:)
2054:)
1989:)
1889:)
1760:)
1732:)
1554:)
1489:)
1392:)
1330:)
1299:)
1270:)
1247:)
1213:)
1043:(
1020:(
850:(
839:(
804:(
798:'
745:(
659:(
647:(
545:2
541:4
484:(
38:.
20:)
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