Land of Israel - Knowledge

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in accordance with the aspirations of Labour Zionism, the 1967 conquest of land that was part of "biblical Israel" provided a material basis for the ascent of the concept of Eretz Israel. Expressing the perception of rightful Jewish claims on "biblical land", the construction of Jewish settlements in the conquered territories intensified after the 1977 elections, which ended the dominance of the Labour Party. Yet as the first Intifada made disturbingly visible, Israel's de facto rule over the Palestinian population created a dilemma of democracy versus Jewish majority in the long run. With the beginning of Oslo and the option of territorial compromise, the rift between supporters of Eretz Israel and Medinat Israel deepened to an unprecedented degree, the assassination of Prime Minister Rabin in November 1995 being the most dramatic evidence.

2825:, p. 147: The parallels between this narrative and that of Exodus continue to be drawn. Like Pharaoh before him, Herod, having been frustrated in his original efforts, now seeks to achieve his objectives by implementing a program of infanticide. As a result, here - as in Exodus - rescuing the hero's life from the clutches of the evil king necessitates a sudden flight to another country. And finally, in perhaps the most vivid parallel of all, the present narrative uses virtually the same words of the earlier one to provide the information that the coast is clear for the herds safe return: here, in Matthew 2:20, "go … for those who sought the Child's life are dead"; there, in Exodus 4:19, "go back… for all the men who sought your life are dead." 987: 2034: 1720: 2280:

cataclysm. It must now be said that it has been established in only a portion of the Land of Israel. Even those who are dubious as to the restoration of the historical frontiers, as fixed and crystallised and given from the beginning of time, will hardly deny the anomaly of the boundaries of the new State." The 1955 Israeli government year-book said, "It is called the 'State of Israel' because it is part of the Land of Israel and not merely a Jewish State. The creation of the new State by no means derogates from the scope of historical Eretz Israel".

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certificates of nationality, it might perhaps give rise to difficulties, so it was decided to print 'Palestine' in Hebrew letters and to add after it the letters 'Aleph' 'Yod', which constitute a recognised abbreviation of the Hebrew name. His Excellency still thought that this was a good compromise. Dr. Salem wanted to omit 'Aleph' 'Yod' and Mr. Yellin wanted to omit 'Palestine'. The right solution would be to retain both."

2169:(II)) recommending "to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union." The Resolution contained a plan to partition Palestine into "Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem." 5318: 1281:, not merely the sea lying to the west of Arabia bearing this name in modern English. Thus, the entire Arabian peninsula lies within the borders described. Modern maps depicting the region take a reticent view and often leave the southern and eastern borders vaguely defined. The borders of the land to be conquered given in Numbers have a precisely defined eastern border which included the Arabah and Jordan. 3954: 2560:, A&C Black, p.171: "As an agent of legitimacy in international law, the Zionist appeal to Tanakh for legitimation of its claims to Eretz Israel is not much more compelling than if the Portuguese and Spanish Governments today presented to the UN the bulls off Nicholas V and Alexander VI, which also claimed divine authority, in their bid to reclaim the lands of the New World." 1991:. Religiously and culturally the area was seen broadly as a land of destiny, and always with hope for some form of redemption and return. It was later seen as a national home and refuge, intimately related to that traditional sense of people-hood, and meant to show continuity that this land was always seen as central to Jewish life, in theory if not in practice. 1958:: "Behold, the days come, says the Lord, that I will make for the house of Israel, and for the house of Judah, a new testament: not according to the testament that I settled for their fathers in the day when I laid hold of their hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my testament, and I regarded them not, says the Lord." 3316:, Chapter II. "And it was fulfilled through David, and Solomon his son, whose kingdom was extended over the whole promised space; for they subdued all those nations, and made them tributary. And thus, under those kings, the seed of Abraham was established in the land of promise according to the flesh, that is, in the land of Canaan..." 1912:, who has written about the historical entitlement that Jews have to the whole Land of Israel. Ginsburgh's ideas about the need for Jewish control over the land has some popularity within contemporary West Bank settlements. However, there are also strong backlashes from the Jewish community regarding these ideas. 2279:

wrote "Only now, after seventy years of pioneer striving, have we reached the beginning of independence in a part of our small country." Soon afterwards he wrote "It has already been said that when the State was established it held only six percent of the Jewish people remaining alive after the Nazi

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Jewish religious tradition does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities. Nonetheless, during two millennia of exile and with a continuous yet small Jewish presence in the land, a strong sense of bondedness exists throughout this tradition, expressed in terms

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Reflecting the traditional divisions within the Zionist movement, this axis invokes two concepts, namely Eretz Israel, i.e. the biblical "Land of Israel", and Medinat Israel, i.e. the Jewish and democratic State of Israel. While the concept of Medinat Israel dominated the first decades of statehood

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Ezekiel 47:21 "You are to distribute this land among yourselves according to the tribes of Israel. 22 You are to allot it as an inheritance for yourselves and for the aliens who have settled among you and who have children. You are to consider them as native-born Israelites; along with you they are

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An authentic and original name for this land as a whole has not come down to us from Old Testament times, and presumably no such ever existed; since as a natural phenomenon it was never a homogeneous, self-contained entity and was never occupied by a homogeneous population, and it was hardly at any

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On 17 December 1967, the Israeli military government issued an order stating that "the term 'Judea and Samaria region' shall be identical in meaning for all purposes . .to the term 'the West Bank Region'". This change in terminology, which has been followed in Israeli official statements since that

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Augustine concludes that this other promise, revealed in the New Testament, was about to be fulfilled through the incarnation of Christ: "I will give my laws in their mind, and will write them upon their hearts, and I will see to them; and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people".

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notes that the cities of Tyre and Sidon were "never occupied by the Israelites, and we must suppose either that the region traversed by the enumerators is defined as reaching up to though not including , or that these cities were actually visited in order to take a census of Israelites resident in

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of Likud brought his party to power for the first time in a stunning election victory over Labor. A decade before, in the 1967 war, Israeli troops had in effect undone the partition accepted in 1948 by overrunning the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Ever since, Mr. Begin had preached undying loyalty to

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during the reigns of David and his son Solomon. He goes on to say however, that this possession was conditional: "...the Hebrew nation should remain in the same land by the succession of posterity in an unshaken state even to the end of this mortal age, if it obeyed the laws of the Lord its God."

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As the navel is in the middle of a human being, the Land of Israel is the navel of the world, as it is written: "dwellers of the navel of the earth. Just as Eretz Israel is located in the centre of the world so is Jerusalem in the centre of Eretz Israel, the temple in the centre of Jerusalem, the

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Paul R. Williamson notes that a "close examination of the relevant promissory texts" supports a "wider interpretation of the promised land" in which it is not "restricted absolutely to one geographical locale". He argues that "the map of the promised land was never seen permanently fixed, but was

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indicates a certain fluidity of the borders of the promised land when it refers to the possibility that God would "enlarge your borders." This expansion of territory means that Israel would receive "all the land he promised to give to your fathers", which implies that the settlement actually fell

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was a religious concept which was turned by Zionists into a political doctrine in order to emphasize an exclusive Jewish right of possession regardless of the Arab presence. Masalha wrote that the Zionist movement has not given up on an expansive definition of the territory, including Jordan and

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The uniqueness of the Land of Israel is thus "geo-theological" and not merely climatic. This is the land which faces the entrance of the spiritual world, that sphere of existence that lies beyond the physical world known to us through our senses. This is the key to the land's unique status with

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what he called Judea and Samaria (the West Bank lands) and promoted Jewish settlement there. But he did not annex the West Bank and Gaza to Israel after he took office, reflecting a recognition that absorbing the Palestinians could turn Israel it into a binational state instead of a Jewish one.

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He was aware that there was no other name in the Hebrew language for this land except 'Eretz-Israel'. At the same time he thought that if 'Eretz-Israel' only were used, it might not be regarded by the outside world as a correct rendering of the word 'Palestine', and in the case of passports or

2694:), in common use today, occurs for the first time in Ezekiel (40:2; 47:18) and very rarely elsewhere (I Chron. 22:2; II Chron. 2:17), apart from the more restrictive allusion to the Northern Kingdom. By preference, however, Ezekiel speaks of the "soil of Israel" ( 2330:

used the expression, noting, "we need to give up parts of the Land of Israel", in exchange for peace with the Palestinians and to maintain Israel as a Jewish state; this drew a clear distinction with the position of her Likud rival and winner,

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time the scene of a political organisation which substantially coincided with its actual area. So the expression 'the land of Israel' may serve as a somewhat flexible description of the area which the Israelite tribes had their settlements.

2098:". It also declared the Zionists' proposed borders and resources "essential for the necessary economic foundation of the country" including "the control of its rivers and their headwaters". These borders included present day Israel and the 2362:, signed in 1993, led to the establishment of an agreed border between the two nations, and subsequently the state of Israel has no territorial claims in the parts of the historic Land of Israel lying east of the Jordan river. 3557: 1775:

differed from both the biblical and pre-exilic borders. By mapping the land in accordance with biblical traditions while simultaneously reflecting the extent of Jewish settlement in the region during their time,

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translation. Although the English name "Red Sea" is derived from this name ("Erythraean" derives from the Greek for red), the term denoted all the waters surrounding Arabia—including the Indian Ocean and the

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presented a Zionist Statement on 3 February. Among other things, he presented a plan for development together with a map of the proposed homeland. The statement noted the Jewish historical connection with

2701:), a phrase that occurs eighteen times in the book and nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. (The title "holy land," literally "holy soil", used preferentially by Christians, occurs only once, at Zech. 2:12.)" 931:

as a theological error. Evangelical Zionists variously claim that Israel has title to the land by divine right, or by a theological, historical and moral grounding of attachment to the land unique to Jews

1445:. Easton's, however, notes a local tradition that the course of the river had changed and there was once a branch of the Nile where today there is a wadi. Biblical minimalists have suggested that the 1685:"'But I will not take the whole kingdom out of Solomon's hand; I have made him ruler all the days of his life for the sake of David my servant, whom I chose and who obeyed my commands and decrees. 1084:, the term is not an "authentic and original name for this land", but instead serves as "a somewhat flexible description of the area which the Israelite tribes had their settlements". According to 936:). The idea that ancient religious texts can be warrant or divine right for a modern claim has often been challenged, and Israeli courts have rejected land claims based on religious motivations. 2196:

into independent Jewish and Arab states as a pragmatic solution to the political and demographic issues of the territory, with the description "Land of Israel" applying to the territory of the

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placed it in the same region, which approximates the location of the former Pelusian branch of the Nile. 19th century Bible commentaries understood the identification as a reference to the

1092:) developed rich associations in rabbinical thought, where it assumes a highly symbolic and mythological status infused with promise, though always connected to a geographical location. 1919:

Hasidic community in particular denounces any geographic or political establishment of Israel, deeming this establishment as directly interfering with God's plan for Jewish redemption.

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as a land where both the twelve tribes and the "strangers in (their) midst", can claim inheritance. The name "Israel" first appears in the Hebrew Bible as the name given by God to the

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argues that the biblical boundaries are "entirely fictitious", and bore simply religious connotations in Diaspora Judaism, with the term only coming into ascendency with the rise of

2158:) and Arabic ("فلسطين"). Consequently, in 20th-century political usage, the term "Land of Israel" usually denotes only those parts of the land which came under the British mandate. 1803:

There are also many laws dealing with how to treat the land. The laws apply to all Jews, and the giving of the land itself in the covenant, applies to all Jews, including converts.

1814:, are considered by some religious authorities to be outside the Land of Israel for purposes of Jewish law. According to these authorities, the religious laws do not apply there. 1386:

uses the term Canaan strictly for the land west of the Jordan, but Land of Israel is used in Jewish tradition to denote the entire land of the Israelites. The English expression "

895:: "I also established my covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, where they resided as foreigners"). According to the Book of Genesis, the land was first promised by 1806:

Many of the religious laws which applied in ancient times are applied in the modern State of Israel; others have not been revived, since the State of Israel does not adhere to

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to denote the territory subject directly to the British Mandate law, e.g. Article 11 of the "Government and Law Ordinance 1948" issued by Israel's Provisional State Council.

2013:(Jerusalem), to coin the name of their movement, being associated with the return to Zion. The term was considered appropriate for the secular Jewish political movement of 1088:, the term "Eretz Yisrael" was a holy term, vague as far as the exact boundaries of the territories are concerned but clearly defining ownership. The sanctity of the land ( 3152:

to be allotted an inheritance among the tribes of Israel. 23 In whatever tribe the alien settles, there you are to give him his inheritance," declares the Sovereign LORD.

1661:, "Take ten pieces for yourself, for this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: 'See, I am going to tear the kingdom out of Solomon's hand and give you ten tribes. 1201:

to the descendants of Abraham, through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob. The passage describes the area as the land of the ten named ancient peoples then living there.

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were among the first Israeli political parties basing their land policies on the Biblical narrative discussed above. They attracted attention following the capture of

2251:, the term Eretz Israel became increasingly associated with right-wing expansionist groups who sought to conform the borders of the State of Israel with the biblical 5146: 2081:

program. This program however, saw little success until the British commitment to "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" in the

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defines the land as where Jewish religious law prevailed and excludes territory where it was not applied. It holds that the area is a God-given inheritance of the

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the god of the Ammonites, and have not walked in obedience to me, nor done what is right in my eyes, nor kept my decrees and laws as David, Solomon's father, did.

2298:. They argue that the West Bank should be annexed permanently to Israel for both ideological and religious reasons. This position is in conflict with the basic " 2182: 3349: 1780:

not only sanctified the territory but also established a symbolic continuity that linked contemporary Jewish communities to their ancestors in biblical times.

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He goes on to say that the failure of the Hebrew nation to adhere to this condition resulted in its revocation and the making of a second covenant and cites

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was a foremost figure in this denouncement, calling the Land and State of Israel a vehicle for idol worship, as well as a smokescreen for Satan's workings.

2262:, Palestinians constitute the majority of the population of Eretz Israel, 51.16% as opposed to Jews who, depending on definitions, make up between 46-47%. 1822:

Traditional religious Jewish interpretation, and that of most Christian commentators, define Abraham's descendants only as Abraham's seed through his son

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will live during the final redemption, at the end of days. The borders of the land described by the text in Ezekiel include the northern border of modern

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provides a detailed description of the borders of the land to be conquered west of the Jordan for the remaining tribes. The region is called "the Land of

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of people-hood; from the very beginning, this concept was identified with that ancestral biblical land or, to use the traditional religious and modern

1581:(see debate below) to the Mediterranean Sea. The territory defined by these borders is divided into twelve strips, one for each of the twelve tribes. 5215: 4894: 4543: 1714: 3303:

Teitelbaum, Al Ha-Ge'ulah ve-al Ha-Temurah (1967), pp. 7-9, 20, as translated in Ravitzky, Messianism, Zionism, and Jewish Religious Radicalism, 75.

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Meeting on November 9, 1920, quoted in: Memorandum No. 33, "Use of the Name Eretz-Israel'," in the Report by the Palestine Royal Commission, 1937,

3414:, quote "... recognize the historic title of the Jewish people to Palestine and the right of Jews to reconstitute in Palestine their National Home" 2106: 3472: 7026: 3509: 1800:, every Jew has an obligation to dwell in the Land of Israel and may not leave except for specifically permitted reasons (e.g., to get married). 1905:. These debates frequently invoke religious principles, despite the little weight these principles typically carry in Israeli secular politics. 4548: 2303: 2275:

Early government usage of the term, following Israel's establishment, continued the historical link and possible Zionist intentions. In 1951–2

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I will give one tribe to his son so that David my servant may always have a lamp before me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put my Name.

1253:, which describes the borders as "from the sea of reeds (Red Sea) to the Sea of the Philistines (Mediterranean sea) and from the desert to the 2037:

Three proposals for the post World War I administration of Palestine. The red line is the "International Administration" proposed in the 1916

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The Jerusalem Talmud, in tractate Shabbat, states: "Whoever is situated in the Land of Israel ... and speaks the Holy Tongue, and recites the

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But for the sake of my servant David and the city of Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, he will have one tribe.

1107:", each with a different purpose. Neither of the terms "Promised Land" (Ha'Aretz HaMuvtahat) or "Land of Israel" are used in these passages: 1264:

are mentioned to define the southern and eastern borders of the full land promised to the Israelites. The "Red Sea" corresponding to Hebrew

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alongside Israel, while asserting the right to a sovereign state in Israel arises from the land being "the homeland of the Jewish people".

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The common biblical phrase used to refer to the territories actually settled by the Israelites (as opposed to military conquests) is "from

1173:, it bears the unusual sense of 'the area surrounding Jerusalem'. The section in which it appears was written as a parallel to the earlier 618: 6986: 5333: 3678: 703: 5504: 3164: 2642:

time, reflected a historic attachment to these areas and rejection of a name that was seen as implying Jordanian sovereignty over them.

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The compromise was later noted as among Arab grievances before the League's Permanent Mandate Commission. During the Mandate, the name

911:: "On that day the LORD made a covenant"). Abram's name was later changed to Abraham, with the promise refined to pass through his son 2154:. These official names for Palestine were minted on the Mandate coins and early stamps (pictured) in English, Hebrew "(פלשתינה (א״י" ( 2017:

to adopt at the turn of the 20th century; it was used to refer to their proposed national homeland in the area then controlled by the

5432: 4998: 2117:), but the Arab members would not agree to this designation, which in their view, had political significance. The High Commissioner, 588: 3623: 3586: 5533: 2637:

International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories: Two Decades of Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip

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and the borders are known in Jewish tradition as the "borders for those coming out of Egypt". These borders are again mentioned in

3731: 7032: 5132: 3399:"English: The "Basel Program" at the First Zionist Congress in 1897The source text on the document is as follows:German:Programm" 504: 6132: 5586: 1970:

is widely noted today, especially among evangelical Protestants. Other Protestant groups and churches reject Christian Zionism

1390:" can denote either the land promised to Abraham in Genesis or the land of Canaan, although the latter meaning is more common. 6127: 5356: 3927: 3906: 3886: 3868: 3836: 3372: 3244: 3113: 3070: 2891: 2753: 2725: 2125:, decided that the Hebrew transliteration should be used, followed always by the two initial letters of "Eretz Yisrael," א״י 1886: 955: 1154:). Deriving from the name "Israel", other designations that came to be associated with the Jewish people have included the " 7202: 5244: 4852: 3584:

Israel's Contested Identity and the Mediterranean, The territorial-political axis: Eretz Israel versus Medinat Israel, p. 8

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of the word "Palestine" פלשתינה (Palestina) followed always by the two initial letters of "Eretz Yisrael", א״י Aleph-Yod.

927:), who hold the view that the Old Testament prophecies were superseded by the coming of Jesus, a view often repudiated by 6147: 6142: 5566: 5382: 5337: 5210: 5177: 2430: 2118: 1902: 834: 830: 545: 213: 181: 3398: 3224: 3093: 3050: 1971: 6959: 5836: 3375:. The term "Zionism" was derived from the word Zion, which is the other name for Jerusalem, and is associated with the 2916:

Paul R. Williamson, "Promise and Fulfilment: The Territorial Inheritance", in Philip Johnston and Peter Walker (eds.),

908: 5987: 5841: 4822: 3978: 2359: 2311: 2244: 5896: 5804: 5351: 3035:

Menachem Lorberbaum, 'Making and Unmaking the Boundaries of Holy Land,' in Allen E. Buchanan, Margaret Moore (eds)

2185:, in which it declared "the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel." 986: 7061: 6255: 5394: 4845: 4629: 2847: 696: 2929: 1457: 1123:

in which it is promised explicitly to "Abraham, Isaac and Jacob... and to their descendants after them," whilst

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Hence, Numbers 34 and Ezekiel 47 define different but similar borders which include the whole of contemporary

7038: 6359: 5205: 3958: 2322:, as the territory is considered part of the historical land of Israel. In her 2009 bid for Prime Minister, 7197: 7182: 7177: 7101: 6969: 6964: 6152: 6137: 5901: 5856: 5601: 5109: 3971: 2997: 2608:

The Holy Land in History and Thought: Papers Submitted to the International conference edited by Moše Šārôn

2291: 2099: 2062: 2046: 1401:) in Numbers, as well as in Deuteronomy and Ezekiel. Jewish tradition (as expressed in the commentaries of 819: 17: 823: 7207: 7192: 7066: 7051: 5932: 5792: 5428: 2090: 1955: 1290: 838: 533: 243: 223: 1465:, Deuteronomy refers to a more utopian map of the promised land, whose eastern border is the wilderness 7020: 6914: 6565: 6459: 6167: 6100: 5661: 5551: 5229: 4035: 4015: 3845: 2178: 2042: 1831: 689: 598: 487: 60: 3517: 2405:

more, even though political pragmatism has engendered a focus on the region west of the Jordan River.

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Ideas about the need for Jewish control of the land of Israel have been propounded by figures such as

815: 7136: 7076: 6974: 6954: 6824: 6749: 6609: 6476: 6162: 6122: 5490: 5364: 5347: 4812: 4680: 4525: 4025: 2886:, By Eliezer Schweid, Translated by Deborah Greniman, Published 1985 Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2348: 2038: 550: 5104: 3424: 3411: 3209: 1208:, which describes borders as marked by the Red Sea (see debate below), the "Sea of the Philistines" 7212: 7056: 6887: 6186: 6061: 5454: 5317: 5201: 4334: 3608: 3512:

General Assembly: A/RES/181(II):29 November 1947Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine

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to commemorate the Israelites crossing the Jordan River into the Land of Israel while carrying the

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The Biblical concept of Eretz Israel, and its re-establishment as a state in the modern era, was a

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River", though the Hebrew text of the Bible uses the name, "the River", to refer to the Euphrates.

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The Bible & Zionism; Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Israel-Palestine

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describes the "Land of Canaan" (Eretz Kna'an) which is allocated to nine and half of the twelve

1051: 1043: 7045: 7015: 6078: 5443: 5043: 5016: 4904: 4665: 4041: 1739:(which are thought to be part of biblical Israel). These include agricultural laws such as the 963: 3826: 3684: 2782: 2684: 2555: 2525: 2480: 2057: 1421:

branch of the Nile Delta according to Halevi—a view supported by Egyptian and Assyrian texts.

1343: 1339: 923:, Abraham's grandson. This belief is not shared by most adherents of replacement theology (or 7217: 7071: 6992: 6774: 6481: 6364: 6105: 6095: 6088: 6073: 5959: 5300: 4614: 4510: 4458: 3896: 3196: 2972: 2964: 2940: 2669: 2589: 2570: 2540: 2510: 1963: 1617: 1534: 1522: 1319: 1190: 1136: 1116: 1108: 1023: 940: 803: 749: 656: 3161: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2495: 2109:'s advisory council objected to the Hebrew transliteration of the word "Palestine" פלשתינה ( 2102:, western Jordan, southwestern Syria and southern Lebanon "in the vicinity south of Sidon". 1383: 1323: 1295: 1124: 1120: 7106: 7096: 6599: 5571: 4918: 4730: 4533: 2976: 2440: 2192:

leadership, which governed for three decades after independence, accepted the partition of

1650: 979: 943:) the term "Eretz Yisrael" or the "Land of Israel" was part of the official Hebrew name of 608: 428: 261: 3284:

Tikkun Olam: Judaism, Humanism & Transcendence, ed. David Birnbaum and Martin S. Cohen

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Yitzhak Ginsburgh, Rectifying the State of Israel (Israel: Gal Einai Institute, 2002), 52.

2687:, p.152: Quote: "It may be surprising to learn that the designation "the land of Israel" ( 1373:

sees Canaan as a geographical name, and Israel the spiritual name of the land. He writes:

1151: 1074: 8: 6754: 6722: 6648: 6557: 6503: 6110: 5910: 5644: 5609: 5464: 5418: 5390: 5304: 5296: 5288: 4928: 4115: 4002: 3994: 3626: 3583: 3425:"Zionist Organization Statement on Palestine, Paris Peace Conference, (February 3, 1919)" 2385: 2340: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2162: 2082: 2050: 2021:. As originally stated, "The aim of Zionism is to create for the Jewish people a home in 1863: 1850: 1777: 1768: 1466: 1335: 1311: 1250: 1205: 1166: 1112: 1070: 944: 880: 555: 509: 383: 3181: 2952: 2335:. However, soon after winning the 2009 elections, Netanyahu delivered an address at the 853:. At their heights, these realms ruled lands with similar but not identical boundaries. 7086: 7081: 6892: 6614: 6491: 6486: 6471: 6441: 6394: 6317: 6223: 6083: 5656: 5561: 5528: 5423: 5284: 4700: 4675: 4599: 4495: 4094: 4010: 3856: 3376: 2874:, Walter A. Elwell, Philip Wesley Comfort, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2001, p. 984 2332: 2222: 2095: 2022: 1942: 1937: 1502: 1378:. Thus, the renaming of this landmarks a change in religious status, the origin of the 1347: 1155: 1144: 904: 779: 613: 395: 312: 6369: 6245: 1962:

Notwithstanding this doctrine stated by Augustine and also by the Apostle Paul in his

1810:. However, certain parts of the current territory of the State of Israel, such as the 6870: 6801: 6683: 6668: 6451: 6322: 6287: 5576: 5327: 5273: 5257: 5249: 5084: 5035: 4695: 4480: 4301: 4030: 3923: 3902: 3882: 3864: 3832: 3760: 3368: 3240: 3109: 3066: 2887: 2749: 2721: 2435: 2352: 1967: 1354: 1307: 1298:

describes the land allocated to the Israelite tribes after the Exodus. The tribes of

928: 846: 331: 290: 122: 107: 69: 1834:

is less clear, as he states that the covenant is through Isaac, but also notes that

7222: 6936: 6904: 6865: 6836: 6819: 6769: 6570: 6379: 6312: 6265: 6213: 6181: 6172: 6157: 6031: 6006: 5982: 5866: 5797: 5714: 5581: 5386: 5053: 5048: 5021: 4938: 4776: 4655: 4553: 4258: 4253: 4186: 3232: 3101: 3058: 2276: 1909: 1867: 1362: 850: 842: 807: 448: 390: 373: 307: 300: 233: 132: 117: 112: 3558:"The World: Pursuing Peace; Netanyahu and His Party Turn Away from Greater Israel" 2314:, had proclaimed its support for maintaining Jewish settlement communities in the 1630:" (or its variant "from Beersheba to Dan"), which occurs many times in the Bible. 6846: 6841: 6653: 6580: 6413: 6384: 6307: 6297: 6260: 6235: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6026: 6021: 6011: 5996: 5787: 5704: 5671: 5629: 5619: 5124: 5026: 4868: 4791: 4786: 4181: 3915: 3850:

The Land of Israel: According to the Covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and Jacob

3817: 3590: 3479: 3459: 3380: 3333: 3325: 3168: 2765:

Bradley Shavit Artson, 'Our Covenant with Stones: A Jewish Ecology of Earth,' in

2715: 2455: 2369: 2197: 2151: 1984: 1920: 1434: 1370: 1365:. Jewish tradition thus refers to the region as Canaan during the period between 1299: 1140: 1003: 948: 924: 876: 868: 763: 721: 651: 482: 438: 362: 102: 48: 974: 51:, delineating the boundaries of the Land of Israel and the laws applying within. 7150: 7125: 6946: 6853: 6811: 6791: 6779: 6759: 6673: 6663: 6631: 6624: 6604: 6575: 6547: 6508: 6418: 6342: 6332: 6270: 6068: 6016: 5927: 5922: 5684: 5679: 5614: 5543: 5459: 5099: 5089: 5063: 5058: 4943: 4720: 4685: 4538: 4490: 4475: 4081: 4020: 3611: 3019: 2299: 2231: 2217: 2086: 2018: 1859: 1772: 1731:), some laws only apply to Jews living in the Land of Israel and some areas in 1578: 1398: 1269: 1174: 896: 884: 872: 811: 782:. The definitions of the limits of this territory vary between passages in the 767: 641: 417: 358: 127: 7166: 6919: 6764: 6691: 6498: 6432: 6405: 6354: 6302: 6275: 6250: 6240: 6001: 5947: 5881: 5861: 5851: 5846: 5819: 5765: 5694: 5639: 5261: 5079: 4469: 4432: 4318: 4306: 4273: 4248: 4231: 4221: 4211: 4206: 2585: 2422: 2074: 2000: 1790: 1744: 1574: 1510: 1462: 1406: 1387: 1366: 1213: 1198: 1162: 1104: 1085: 771: 734: 679: 477: 413: 6899: 6696: 6658: 6619: 6208: 5952: 5891: 5871: 5831: 5814: 5782: 5770: 5731: 5649: 5624: 5253: 4953: 4948: 4634: 4515: 4362: 4283: 4278: 4238: 4226: 4191: 4101: 3812: 2603: 2365: 2259: 2248: 1807: 1752: 1748: 1639: 1562: 1494: 1315: 1303: 1278: 1047: 982:. The names used for the land are "Canaan" "Judah" "Palestine" and "Israel" 783: 560: 409: 3624:'Jews now a 47% minority in Israel and the territories, demographer says,' 1653:

took hold of the new cloak he was wearing and tore it into twelve pieces.

1521:, to southern Judah and then returning to Jerusalem. Biblical commentator 829:

These biblical limits for the land differ from the borders of established

6909: 6424: 6349: 6327: 6230: 5824: 5753: 5748: 5736: 5726: 4837: 4817: 4740: 4705: 4485: 4417: 4268: 4263: 4157: 4150: 4108: 3892: 3541:

THE DECLARATION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL: May 14, 1948

2711: 2397: 2376:) is an Israeli national holiday celebrated annually on the tenth of the 2327: 2295: 2287: 2240: 1422: 1170: 1093: 1081: 280: 199: 3922:, translated by Deborah Greniman, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1985. 2918:

The Land of Promise: Biblical, Theological and Contemporary Perspectives

2177:

On 14 May 1948, the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired, the

7003: 6710: 6292: 5886: 5634: 5556: 5449: 4807: 4639: 4402: 4243: 4201: 4196: 4136: 4087: 3135: 2344: 2319: 2216:(literally, the whole Land of Israel), which came to be referred to as 1756: 1593: 1550: 1518: 1482: 1376:

regard to prophecy and prayer, and also with regard to the commandments

1273: 1132: 1128: 1027: 916: 888: 766:. Related biblical, religious and historical English terms include the 492: 195: 137: 80: 3963: 3638:

David Ben-Gurion, "The Call of Spirit in Israel", in State of Israel,

3051:"Contesting Scripture and Soil: Liturgical Dates and Seasonal Dieting" 2671:

The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History,

2049:, and the thin blue line refers to the final borders of the 1923–1948 1763:; and laws regarding taxation. One popular source lists 26 of the 613 1689:

I will take the kingdom from his son's hands and give you ten tribes.

1573:) on the western shore of the Dead Sea; From Tamar to Meribah Kadesh ( 802:. Nine times elsewhere in the Bible, the settled land is referred as " 6924: 6389: 6280: 6191: 5809: 5743: 5438: 4913: 4880: 4771: 4750: 4745: 4725: 4715: 4568: 4422: 4397: 4392: 4367: 4357: 4164: 4129: 2315: 1890: 1670: 1627: 1589: 1379: 1357:

who with his descendants had seized the land from the descendants of

1261: 1254: 1217: 959: 775: 5760: 3609:'The Israeli right is the minority — the left need only realize it,' 3491:

Israel's declaration of independence says "the British Mandate over

3279: 2150:), was part of the official name for the territory, when written in 1947: 1493:

of Israel and Judah, travelling in an anti-clockwise direction from

6643: 6585: 6530: 6525: 6196: 5482: 4980: 4660: 4437: 4407: 4382: 4347: 4122: 4076: 4052: 1760: 1658: 1638:

The 12 tribes of Israel are divided in 1 Kings 11. In the chapter,

1570: 1442: 1425:

identified it as the "Wadi of El-Arish", referring to the biblical

1418: 1161:

The term 'Land of Israel' (γῆ Ἰσραήλ) occurs in one episode in the

5094: 3651:

David Ben-Gurion, "Israel among the Nations", in State of Israel,

1103:

The Hebrew Bible provides three specific sets of borders for the "

43: 6858: 6742: 6737: 6727: 6715: 6535: 6520: 6464: 6399: 6374: 6337: 6201: 5876: 5775: 5699: 5591: 5517: 5374: 5280: 5155: 4872: 4735: 4594: 4463: 4427: 4412: 4352: 4313: 3736: 2837:, vol. 13, no. 9, Torah Academy of Bergen County, 8 November 2003 2122: 2078: 2014: 2004: 1898: 1835: 1764: 1728: 1674: 1623: 1585: 1542: 1514: 1135:. The expression "Land of Israel" is first used in a later book, 1097: 1055: 991: 856: 646: 499: 153: 31: 2512:

Evangelicals and Israel: The Story of American Christian Zionism

2009:

Having already used another religious term of great importance,

1473:

subject to at least some degree of expansion and redefinition."

6929: 6796: 6732: 5378: 5292: 5182: 5009: 4970: 4888: 4781: 4755: 4589: 4505: 4453: 4372: 4342: 3953: 3898:

The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to Homeland

3139: 2852: 2377: 2323: 1916: 1866:

at the centre of the holy of holies, and right in front is the

1811: 1740: 1732: 1597: 1566: 1498: 1490: 1430: 1426: 1410: 1327: 1031: 1019: 514: 158: 144: 3280:"Pinḥas, the Quest for Purity, and the Dangers of Tikkun Olam" 3037:

States, nations, and borders: the ethics of making boundaries.

1889:. It often surfaces in political debates on the status of the 1880: 1561:

on the Syrian border (area of Hauran in Ezekiel); follows the

958:. It often surfaces in political debates on the status of the 6880: 6875: 6829: 6784: 6705: 6700: 5964: 5719: 5689: 4975: 4710: 4670: 4604: 4584: 4500: 4387: 4377: 2381: 2307: 2283: 2209: 1894: 1839: 1827: 1823: 1797: 1784: 1771:, the consecrated borders of the Land of Israel understood by 1736: 1678: 1605: 1601: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1506: 1446: 1402: 1221: 1147: 1035: 1015: 920: 912: 900: 864: 163: 1946:

that the earthly or "carnal" kingdom of Israel achieved its

6979: 5513: 5222: 2010: 1789:

in the morning and in the evening, is promised life in the

1759:(poor tithe); charitable practices during farming, such as 1669:

I will do this because they have forsaken me and worshiped

1642:'s sins lead to Israelites forfeiting 10 of the 12 tribes: 1486: 1438: 1414: 1358: 1237: 1058:, though generally preferring the phrase 'soil of Israel' ( 1050:'s census of all of the 'strangers in the Land of Israel' ( 860: 806:", and three times it is referred as "from the entrance of 2343:

that was broadcast live in Israel and across parts of the

2497:

Has the Church Replaced Israel?: A Theological Evaluation

2113:) on the ground that the traditional name was ארץ ישראל ( 1853:

portrays the Land of Israel as the "navel of the world":

1002:

The term "Land of Israel" is a direct translation of the

3790: 3482:(Arab Grievances), Held at Geneva from 8 to 25 June 1926 2652: 2650: 2310:

party, in the platform it maintained until prior to the

2212:

party, however, regarded the rightful Land of Israel as

1893:, which is referred to in official Israeli discourse as 1038:

is ordered to gather 'strangers to the land of Israel' (

1030:, when the Israelite tribes were already in the Land of 3664:

State of Israel, "Israel, the State and the Nation" in

2941:

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 2 Samuel 24

2816: 1197:), which in Jewish tradition defines the extent of the 30:"Eretz Yisrael" redirects here. For the newspaper, see 3778: 1708: 1537:

provides a definition of borders of land in which the

5235:

History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel

2907:(JPS Torah Commentary; Philadelphia: JPS, 1990), 502. 2793: 2791: 2647: 2446:

History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel

1353:

According to the Hebrew Bible, Canaan was the son of

1235:

in Hebrew denotes a river or stream, as opposed to a

1220:), the traditional furthest extent of the Kingdom of 3920:

The Land of Israel: National Home Or Land of Destiny

2884:

The Land of Israel: National Home Or Land of Destiny

2572:

The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Guide for the Perplexed

2412: 1767:

as contingent upon the Land of Israel. According to

903:'s descendants; the text is explicit that this is a 762:) is the traditional Jewish name for an area of the 756: 741: 3732:"Full text of Binyamin Netanyahu's Bar Ilan speech" 1193:

describes what are known as "Borders of the Land" (

962:, referred to in official Israeli discourse as the 5154: 4912: 2788: 2527:Zionism and the Quest for Justice in the Holy Land 5216:Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism 4927: 3828:Jews and Christians: Getting Our Stories Straight 3471:League of Nations, Permanent Mandate Commission, 3460:Memoranda Prepared by the Government of Palestine 2998:"1 Kings 11 NIV - Solomon's Wives - King Solomon" 2351:. He endorsed for the first time the notion of a 2258:As of 2022, according to the Israeli demographer 1715:Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism 1046:), and the same phrasing is used in reference to 1034:. The words are used sparsely in the Bible: King 7164: 3026:. This version of the list was prepared in 1968. 1875:Tanhuma to Leviticus, Qedoshim 10, ed. Buber, 78 1249:A slightly more detailed definition is given in 3336:Press, 1936). Cited in, Edelheit and Edelheit, 3180:Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz (1866). 2811:River Jordan: The Mythology of a Dividing Line, 2780:Creating Judaism: History, Tradition, Practice, 2524:Wagner, Donald E. and Davis, Walter T. (2014). 1931: 1204:More precise geographical borders are given in 969: 3552: 3550: 3225:"Jerusalem: The Contrasting Eyes of Beholders" 2482:River Jordan: The Mythology of a Dividing Line 2188:When Israel was founded in 1948, the majority 2167:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 2089:, as leader of the Zionist delegation, at the 831:historical Israelite and later Jewish kingdoms 5498: 5140: 4853: 3979: 3706:"Tzipi Livni: give up half of Land of Israel" 3351:History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary 3338:History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary 3231:, Oxford University Press, pp. 192–193, 3179: 3057:, Oxford University Press, pp. 247–249, 3039:Cambridge University Press, 2003 pp19-40 p.24 1887:evoked by the founders of the State of Israel 1817: 956:evoked by the founders of the State of Israel 697: 3367:, Cambridge University Press (2000), p. 30. 3094:"Prologue: From Constantine to Abd al‐Malik" 2865: 2591:The Arab-Israeli Accords: Legal Perspectives 2451:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel 2270: 2137:—Minutes of the meeting on November 9, 1920. 1842:, have held much of that land through time. 1743:(Sabbatical year); tithing laws such as the 1119:use the term "the land" (ha'aretz), as does 947:. Official Hebrew documents used the Hebrew 726: 6987:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 3547: 3449:, p.96, London, Frederick Muller Co., 1951, 2767:Judaism and Envirobnmental Ehics: A Reader, 2557:The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique 1881:Modern Jewish debates on the Land of Israel 941:League of Nations mandate period (1920–1948 907:between God and Abram for his descendants ( 5505: 5491: 5147: 5133: 4903: 4867: 4860: 4846: 3986: 3972: 3348:Hershel Edelheit and Abraham J. Edelheit, 3182:"Biblical commentary on the Old Testament" 2685:Ezekiel, Westminster John Knox Press, 1990 1268:was understood in ancient times to be the 1260:Only the "Red Sea" (Exodus 23:31) and the 704: 690: 3237:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284177.003.0006 3106:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284177.003.0002 3063:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284177.003.0007 2630: 2628: 2391: 2105:In 1920, the Jewish members of the first 1461:short of what was promised. According to 5534:Index of Jewish history-related articles 3824: 3761:"Netanyahu wants demilitarized PA state" 3277: 2862:, B&H Publishing Group, 2006, p. 549 2846:See 6th and 7th portion commentaries by 2822: 2813:University of Chicago Press, 2011, p.21. 2634: 2542:Catholics, Jews, and the State of Israel 2337:Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies 2161:On 29 November 1947, the United Nations 2056: 2032: 1903:historical Israelite and Judean kingdoms 1718: 1611: 1139:. It is defined in detail in the exilic 985: 973: 42: 7033:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 5670: 3993: 3855: 3796: 3784: 3100:, Oxford University Press, p. 37, 2769:Lexington Books, 2001 pp.161-171, p.162 2656: 2639:. Oxford University Press. p. 41. 1227:Genesis gives the border with Egypt as 27:Name for an area of the Southern Levant 14: 7165: 3821:(1982), University of California Press 3758: 3396: 2840: 2625: 2622:, London: Frederick Muller Co., p. 96. 1565:between the West Bank and the land of 1413:) understand this as referring to the 1393:The border with Egypt is given as the 990:Map of Eretz Israel in 1695 Amsterdam 5486: 5128: 4841: 3967: 3273: 3271: 3222: 3091: 3048: 2485:, University of Chicago Press, p.210. 2226:, relates subsequent events this way: 2181:gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and 2065:, set a precedent for the wording of 1845: 1633: 5512: 3891: 3818:The Territorial Dimension of Judaism 3752: 3539:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 3495:, and the Israeli law uses the term 3330:The Jews. Race, Nation, or Religion? 2797: 2710: 1926: 1885:The Land of Israel concept has been 1557:; south by southwest to the area of 1545:, eastwards (the way of Hethlon) to 1014:), which occasionally occurs in the 978:1916 map of the Fertile Crescent by 954:The Land of Israel concept has been 7188:Geography of the State of Palestine 5211:History of ancient Israel and Judah 3881:, Whitaker House Publishers, 2008. 3278:Claussen, Geoffrey (January 2015). 2500:, B&H Publishing Group, pp.3-5. 2431:History of ancient Israel and Judah 2396:According to Palestinian historian 2373: 2041:, the dashed blue line is the 1919 1727:According to Jewish religious law ( 1709:Rabbinic laws in the Land of Israel 1180: 727: 725: 24: 6980:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 6960:American Jewish Historical Society 4051: 3806: 3268: 3223:Sivan, Hagith (14 February 2008), 3049:Sivan, Hagith (14 February 2008), 2920:(Leicester: Apollos, 2000), 20–21. 2785:, Columbia University Press, 2006. 2028: 25: 7234: 3947: 3162:Yeshivat Ohr Yerushalayim, Shmita 3018:p.xxxv, R. Yisrael Meir haKohen ( 2461:Transjordan (Bible) § Status 2302:" settlement formula included in 2172: 1703: 1600:, except for the South Negev and 1452: 1040:hag-gêrîm 'ăšer, bə'ereṣ yiśrā'êl 7144: 7131: 7130: 5409: 5316: 3952: 3683:, knesset.gov.il, archived from 2515:, Oxford University Press, p.21. 2415: 2230:The seed was sown in 1977, when 1018:, and is first mentioned in the 673: 79: 3724: 3698: 3671: 3658: 3645: 3632: 3617: 3601: 3576: 3532: 3516:. Domino.un.org. Archived from 3502: 3485: 3465: 3452: 3439: 3417: 3405: 3390: 3357: 3342: 3319: 3306: 3297: 3259: 3216: 3173: 3155: 3145: 3128: 3085: 3042: 3029: 3012: 2990: 2946: 2934: 2923: 2910: 2897: 2877: 2828: 2803: 2772: 2759: 2738: 2704: 2677: 2674:(1996) Routledge 2013, page 43. 2662: 2612: 2530:, The Lutterworth Press, p.161. 2265: 2061:This 1920 stamp, issued by the 1441:of the coastal locality called 7052:Relations with other religions 3401:– via Wikimedia Commons. 3397:Nordau, Max (3 October 1897). 2714:(1960). "The Land of Israel". 2597: 2578: 2563: 2548: 2533: 2518: 2503: 2488: 2473: 1994: 1936:During the early 5th century, 1838:'s descendants, generally the 1673:the goddess of the Sidonians, 1476: 1369:and the Israelite settlement. 351:Late Antiquity and Middle Ages 13: 1: 7039:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 3879:As America Has Done to Israel 3831:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 3759:Keinon, Herb (14 June 2009). 2588:; Stott, David, eds. (1996). 2466: 2360:Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace 2220:. Joel Greenberg, writing in 1870:of the whole of the universe. 1862:in the centre of the temple, 1677:the god of the Moabites, and 1529: 1513:, south to the cities of the 1284: 1185: 6970:Leo Baeck Institute New York 6965:American Sephardi Federation 5383:Exodus from the Muslim world 5352:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3473:Minutes of the Ninth Session 3387:(Self Emancipation) in 1890. 3354:, Westview Press, 2000. p 3. 3024:The Concise Book of Mitzvoth 2063:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 1966:(Ch. 11), the phenomenon of 1901:, from the names of the two 1798:Jewish religious authorities 1244: 970:Etymology and biblical roots 867:, particularly the books of 786:, with specific mentions in 7: 7203:Historic Jewish communities 5793:Constantinopolitan Karaites 5338:Declaration of Independence 3863:. Zed Books. pp. 2–6. 3314:The City of God (Book XVII) 3229:Palestine in Late Antiquity 3098:Palestine in Late Antiquity 3055:Palestine in Late Antiquity 2408: 2208:, who evolved into today's 2091:1919 Paris Peace Conference 1291:Tribal allotments of Israel 757: 742: 10: 7239: 7021:National Library of Israel 5662:Zionism, race and genetics 5230:Timeline of Jewish history 3852:, W. Whyte & Co, 1844. 3825:Goldberg, Michael (2001). 3712:. London. 16 February 2009 3666:Government Year-book, 5716 3653:Government Year-book, 5713 3514:: Retrieved 24 April 2012" 3447:A Short History of Zionism 3427:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org 3365:An Introduction to Judaism 2620:A Short History of Zionism 2545:, Paulist Press, pp.75-78. 2539:Kenny, Anthony J. (1993). 2494:Vlach, Michael J. (2010). 1998: 1977: 1932:Inheritance of the promise 1832:Johann Friedrich Karl Keil 1818:Inheritance of the promise 1712: 1615: 1288: 29: 7119: 6975:Yeshiva University Museum 6955:Center for Jewish History 6945: 6810: 6682: 6556: 6450: 5981: 5600: 5542: 5524: 5416: 5407: 5323: 5314: 5192: 5166: 5072: 5034: 5008: 4997: 4879: 4800: 4764: 4648: 4622: 4613: 4577: 4524: 4446: 4333: 4294: 4174: 4069: 4062: 4049: 4001: 3640:Government Yearbook, 5712 3544:: Retrieved 24 April 2012 2943:, accessed 23 August 2017 2509:Spector, Stephen (2009). 2479:Havelock, Rachel (2011). 2349:Middle East peace process 2271:Usage in Israeli politics 2067:subsequent Mandate stamps 1409:, as well as the Aramaic 1042:) for building purposes ( 1007: 5567:Ancient Israel and Judah 5455:Hof Aza Regional Council 5245:Modern Jewish settlement 3582:Raffaella A. Del Sarto, 2872:Tyndale Bible Dictionary 835:United Kingdom of Israel 238:10th century BCE–587 BCE 228:10th century BCE–720 BCE 182:Ancient Israel and Judah 169:Late Bronze Age collapse 5943:North African Sephardim 5916:Jewish tribes of Arabia 3939:Stewart, Robert Laird. 3379:and coined by Austrian 3167:17 January 2008 at the 2635:Playfair, Emma (1992). 2569:Bickerton, Ian (2012). 2554:Prior, Michael (1997). 2214:Eretz Yisrael Ha-Shlema 2183:approved a proclamation 2179:Jewish People's Council 1539:twelve tribes of Israel 1216:, and the "River", the 1169:), where, according to 1069:twice, respectively at 857:Jewish religious belief 208:12th–10th centuries BCE 36:Israel (disambiguation) 7046:Holocaust Encyclopedia 7016:Jewish Virtual Library 5444:Judea and Samaria Area 5395:Agriculture technology 5105:Joshua the High Priest 4056: 4042:Judea and Samaria Area 3204:Cite journal requires 3092:Sivan, Hagith (2008), 2618:Cohen, Israel (1951). 2575:, A&C Black, p.13. 2392:Palestinian viewpoints 2347:, on the topic of the 2237: 2204:. The then opposition 2165:adopted a resolution ( 2140: 2070: 2054: 2047:Paris Peace Conference 1878: 1808:traditional Jewish law 1724: 1701: 1467:rather than the Jordan 1272:, as reflected in the 999: 983: 964:Judea and Samaria Area 837:, the two kingdoms of 52: 34:. For other uses, see 6993:Encyclopaedia Judaica 6775:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 5960:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 5710:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 5365:Arab–Israeli alliance 5348:Arab–Israeli conflict 5206:History of the Levant 4055: 3961:at Wikimedia Commons 3184:. T. & T. Clark: 2744:Anita Shapira, 1992, 2720:. Harper. p. 8. 2717:The history of Israel 2228: 2131: 2060: 2039:Sykes–Picot Agreement 2036: 1964:Epistle to the Romans 1855: 1722: 1644: 1618:From Dan to Beersheba 1616:Further information: 1612:From Dan to Beersheba 1523:Alexander Kirkpatrick 1417:; more precisely the 989: 977: 804:from Dan to Beersheba 594:Historical literature 589:Historical population 551:Arab–Israeli conflict 46: 5572:Second Temple period 5361:Iran–Israel conflict 5110:Esther and Mordechai 4534:Rosh HaNikra Islands 3642:(1951/1952), page x. 3589:10 June 2010 at the 3478:28 June 2011 at the 3412:3 Feb 1919 Statement 3363:De Lange, Nicholas, 2858:Stuart, Douglas K., 2683:Joseph Blenkinsopp, 2441:History of Palestine 2292:additional territory 2100:occupied territories 2043:Zionist Organization 1698:Kings 1, 11:30-11:36 980:James Henry Breasted 566:Iran–Israel conflict 429:Kingdom of Jerusalem 410:Early Islamic period 384:Byzantine Palaestina 262:Second Temple period 7198:Hebrew Bible places 7183:Geography of Jordan 7178:Geography of Israel 7010:Jewish Encyclopedia 6755:Hekhalot literature 6566:Religious movements 6101:Judeo-Tripolitanian 5465:Status of Jerusalem 5424:Israeli settlements 5371:Society and economy 5305:Mandatory Palestine 5297:Balfour Declaration 4813:Gesher Bnot Ya'akov 3995:Geography of Israel 3934:This Land of Israel 3627:The Times of Israel 3142:'s Sefer HaMitzvot. 3138:'s addition to the 2778:Michael L. Satlow, 2668:Keith W. Whitelam, 2386:Ark of the Covenant 2341:Bar-Ilan University 2194:Mandatory Palestine 2190:Israeli Labor Party 2083:Balfour Declaration 2051:Mandatory Palestine 1851:Rabbinic literature 1778:rabbinic literature 1769:Menachem Lorberbaum 1608:are also included. 945:Mandatory Palestine 7208:Jewish holy places 7193:Geography of Syria 7151:Judaism portal 7087:Jews and Halloween 7082:Jews and Christmas 6472:Rabbinic authority 6224:Judaeo-Piedmontese 5657:Xueta Christianity 5562:Origins of Judaism 5529:Outline of Judaism 5178:Independent Israel 4600:State of Palestine 4459:Beit She'an valley 4057: 4011:Jerusalem District 3941:The Land of Israel 3936:, Macmillan, 1967. 3877:McTernan, John P. 3765:The Jerusalem Post 3687:on 4 February 2012 3564:. 22 November 1998 3562:The New York Times 3385:Selbstemanzipation 2809:Rachel Havrelock, 2594:, BRILL, pp.11-12. 2333:Benjamin Netanyahu 2223:The New York Times 2119:Sir Herbert Samuel 2071: 2055: 1972:on various grounds 1938:Augustine of Hippo 1846:Navel of the world 1796:According to some 1725: 1634:Division of tribes 1577:), then along the 1158:" or "Israelite". 1156:Children of Israel 1000: 984: 929:Christian Zionists 909:Gen 15:18–21 (NIV) 281:Hellenistic period 95:Prehistoric Levant 53: 7160: 7159: 7126:extinct languages 7027:YIVO Encyclopedia 6802:Hebrew literature 6770:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 6610:Reconstructionist 6288:Judaeo-Portuguese 5977: 5976: 5933:Eastern Sephardim 5577:Synagogal Judaism 5480: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5433:International law 5401: 5400: 5387:Development towns 5367: 5334:UN Partition Plan 5270: 5269: 5258:Culture of Israel 5250:History of Israel 5223:The Jewish people 5122: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5036:Judea and Samaria 4993: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4578:Bordering nations 4481:Judaean Mountains 4329: 4328: 4302:Mediterranean Sea 4036:Southern District 4031:Tel Aviv District 4016:Northern District 3957:Media related to 3928:978-0-8386-3234-5 3908:978-1-84467-947-8 3887:978-1-60374-038-8 3870:978-1-84277-761-9 3838:978-1-57910-776-5 3799:, pp. 32–38. 3668:(1955), page 320. 3614:12 January 2023 3607:Meron Rapoport, 3383:, in his journal 3373:978-0-521-46624-0 3246:978-0-19-928417-7 3115:978-0-19-928417-7 3072:978-0-19-928417-7 2985:2 Chronicles 30:5 2981:1 Chronicles 21:2 2892:978-0-8386-3234-5 2754:978-0-19-506104-8 2727:978-0-06-066310-0 2436:History of Israel 2353:Palestinian state 2146:(abbreviated א״י 2107:High Commissioner 2025:secured by law." 1968:Christian Zionism 1956:Jeremiah 31:31–32 1927:Christian beliefs 1826:and his grandson 1604:. Small parts of 1485:'s instructions, 1361:according to the 1340:Deuteronomy 1:6–8 1090:kedushat ha-aretz 1052:2 Chronicles 2:17 1044:1 Chronicles 22:2 996:Abraham Bar-Jacob 919:, descendants of 847:Hasmonean kingdom 820:1 Chronicles 13:5 753: 738: 714: 713: 680:Israel portal 529: 474: 457: 456: 342: 341: 332:Jewish-Roman Wars 291:Hasmonean dynasty 252: 251: 224:Kingdom of Israel 149: 99: 16:(Redirected from 7230: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7134: 7133: 6266:Judeo-Golpaygani 5867:Palestinian Jews 5842:Alexandrian Jews 5798:Crimean Karaites 5715:Unterlander Jews 5668: 5667: 5582:Rabbinic Judaism 5507: 5500: 5493: 5484: 5483: 5413: 5405: 5404: 5355: 5320: 5312: 5311: 5301:Mandate document 5190: 5189: 5169: 5168: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5006: 5005: 5001:biblical figures 4939:Foundation Stone 4925: 4924: 4910: 4909: 4901: 4900: 4895:Laws and customs 4886: 4885: 4862: 4855: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4620: 4619: 4554:Caesarea Islands 4167: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4067: 4066: 4026:Central District 3988: 3981: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3956: 3932:Sedykh, Andreĭ. 3916:Schweid, Eliezer 3912: 3874: 3846:Keith, Alexander 3842: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3680:Likud – Platform 3675: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3655:(1952), page 15. 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3605: 3599: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3510:"UNITED NATIONS 3506: 3500: 3489: 3483: 3469: 3463: 3462:, C. 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No. 133. 3456: 3450: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3388: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3323: 3317: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3275: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3192: 3177: 3171: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3027: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2994: 2988: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2927: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2895: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2786: 2776: 2770: 2763: 2757: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2708: 2702: 2698: 2691: 2681: 2675: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2632: 2623: 2616: 2610: 2601: 2595: 2584:Cotran, Eugene; 2582: 2576: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2546: 2537: 2531: 2522: 2516: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2477: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2375: 2277:David Ben-Gurion 2163:General Assembly 2077:of the original 2045:proposal at the 1910:Yitzhak Ginsburg 1876: 1868:foundation stone 1773:returning exiles 1699: 1657:Then he said to 1535:Ezekiel 47:13–20 1458:Deuteronomy 19:8 1395:Nachal Mitzrayim 1363:Book of Jubilees 1320:Numbers 34:14–15 1318:as explained in 1195:Gevulot Ha-aretz 1191:Genesis 15:18–21 1181:Biblical borders 1129:Israelite tribes 1117:Ezekiel 47:13–20 1109:Genesis 15:13–21 1062: 1009: 851:Herodian kingdom 839:Israel (Samaria) 833:, including the 824:2 Chronicles 7:8 760: 748: 745: 733: 731: 730: 729: 728:אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל 706: 699: 692: 678: 677: 676: 599:Economic history 527: 472: 449:Mamluk Sultanate 374:Syria Palaestina 355: 354: 301:Herodian dynasty 267: 266: 234:Kingdom of Judah 218:10th century BCE 187: 186: 148: 98: 83: 73: 55: 54: 21: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7213:Regions of Asia 7163: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7145: 7143: 7115: 6941: 6806: 6678: 6552: 6446: 6261:Judeo-Borujerdi 6236:Judeo-Malayalam 6182:Judeo-Aragonese 6153:Lishanid Noshan 5985: 5973: 5705:Oberlander Jews 5666: 5596: 5538: 5520: 5511: 5481: 5476: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5442: 5427: 5414: 5397: 5373: 5368: 5345: 5341: 5331: 5321: 5308: 5278: 5266: 5226: 5220: 5198: 5162: 5153: 5123: 5114: 5073:Other countries 5068: 5030: 5000: 4985: 4958: 4930: 4916: 4892: 4875: 4866: 4836: 4827: 4796: 4760: 4644: 4609: 4573: 4544:Hof Dor Islands 4520: 4442: 4325: 4290: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4063:Bodies of water 4058: 4047: 3997: 3992: 3950: 3943:, Revell, 1899. 3909: 3901:. Verso Books. 3871: 3839: 3809: 3807:Further reading 3804: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3690: 3688: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3633: 3629:30 August 2022. 3622: 3618: 3606: 3602: 3591:Wayback Machine 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3548: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3486: 3480:Wayback Machine 3470: 3466: 3457: 3453: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3395: 3391: 3381:Nathan Birnbaum 3362: 3358: 3347: 3343: 3334:Dropsie College 3332:(Philadelphia: 3326:Solomon Zeitlin 3324: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3221: 3217: 3205: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3178: 3174: 3169:Wayback Machine 3160: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3090: 3086: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3047: 3043: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 3000:. Bible Gateway 2996: 2995: 2991: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2930:2 Samuel 24:5–8 2928: 2924: 2915: 2911: 2903:Jacob Milgrom, 2902: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2789: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2743: 2739: 2728: 2709: 2705: 2696: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2648: 2633: 2626: 2617: 2613: 2602: 2598: 2583: 2579: 2568: 2564: 2553: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2523: 2519: 2508: 2504: 2493: 2489: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2456:Mosaic of Rehob 2421: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2394: 2273: 2268: 2198:State of Israel 2175: 2135: 2031: 2029:British Mandate 2007: 1999:Main articles: 1997: 1980: 1934: 1929: 1921:Joel Teitelbaum 1883: 1877: 1874: 1848: 1820: 1735:, Lebanon, and 1717: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1636: 1620: 1614: 1532: 1505:, then west to 1479: 1455: 1435:Kaftor Vaferech 1384:Numbers 34:1–13 1371:Eliezer Schweid 1324:Numbers 34:1–13 1296:Numbers 34:1–15 1293: 1287: 1247: 1229:Nahar Mitzrayim 1188: 1183: 1167:Matthew 2:20–21 1141:Book of Ezekiel 1125:Numbers 34:1–15 1121:Deuteronomy 1:8 1060: 972: 949:transliteration 925:supersessionism 764:Southern Levant 710: 674: 672: 667: 666: 652:Hebrew calendar 637: 629: 628: 584:Historical maps 579: 571: 570: 524:State of Israel 510:British Mandate 467: 459: 458: 439:Ayyubid dynasty 363:Rabbinic period 352: 344: 343: 264: 254: 253: 244:Babylonian rule 214:United Monarchy 184: 174: 173: 91: 71: 64: 49:Mosaic of Rehob 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7236: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7173:Land of Israel 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7140: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7093:non-Christian 7091: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7030: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6951: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6834: 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2661: 2646: 2624: 2611: 2596: 2586:Mallat, Chibli 2577: 2562: 2547: 2532: 2517: 2502: 2487: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2410: 2407: 2393: 2390: 2312:2013 elections 2300:land for peace 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2245:1977 elections 2239:Following the 2232:Menachem Begin 2218:Greater Israel 2174: 2173:Israeli period 2171: 2087:Chaim Weizmann 2030: 2027: 2019:Ottoman Empire 1996: 1993: 1979: 1976: 1940:argued in his 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1882: 1879: 1872: 1860:holy of holies 1847: 1844: 1819: 1816: 1713:Main article: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1704:Jewish beliefs 1702: 1695: 1635: 1632: 1613: 1610: 1579:Brook of Egypt 1531: 1528: 1478: 1475: 1454: 1453:Deuteronomy 19 1451: 1399:Brook of Egypt 1310:received land 1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1270:Erythraean Sea 1246: 1243: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1175:Book of Exodus 1137:1 Samuel 13:19 1063:admat yiśrā'êl 1024:1 Samuel 13:19 971: 968: 887:and the later 812:brook of Egypt 768:Land of Canaan 758:ʾEreṣ Yīsrāʾēl 743:ʾEreṣ Yīsraʾel 718:Land of Israel 712: 711: 709: 708: 701: 694: 686: 683: 682: 669: 668: 665: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 642:Jewish history 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 624:Jewish warfare 621: 619:Jewish leaders 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 542: 541: 528:(1948–present) 520: 519: 518: 517: 507: 502: 497: 496: 495: 490: 485: 470:Modern history 468: 466:Modern history 465: 464: 461: 460: 455: 454: 451: 445: 444: 441: 435: 434: 431: 425: 424: 421: 406: 405: 402: 401: 400: 399: 398: 393: 380: 379: 376: 370: 369: 366: 359:Late antiquity 353: 350: 349: 346: 345: 340: 339: 336: 335: 323: 322: 319: 318: 317: 316: 315: 310: 297: 296: 293: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 273: 265: 260: 259: 256: 255: 250: 249: 246: 240: 239: 236: 230: 229: 226: 220: 219: 216: 210: 209: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 185: 180: 179: 176: 175: 172: 171: 166: 161: 156: 141: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 76: 75: 66: 65: 58: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7235: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7153: 7152: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7118: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7077:Protestantism 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6765:Sefer HaBahir 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Sifrei Kodesh 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6548:Who is a Jew? 6546: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477:Chosen people 6475: 6473: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6434: 6433:Scots-Yiddish 6431: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6406:Klezmer-loshn 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6276:Judeo-Shirazi 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6251:Judeo-Persian 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6241:Judeo-Marathi 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6219:Judeo-Italian 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6074:Judeo-Amazigh 6072: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5984: 5980: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5897:Hadhrami Jews 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5862:Mountain Jews 5860: 5858: 5857:Egyptian Jews 5855: 5853: 5852:Bukharan Jews 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5640:Lists of Jews 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5503: 5501: 5496: 5494: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5403: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5357:Peace process 5353: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5319: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5275: 5263: 5262:Law of Return 5259: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183:Modern Israel 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5138: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4996: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511:Coastal plain 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496:Jordan Valley 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4470:Golan Heights 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4433:Rishon LeZion 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4320: 4319:Gulf of Eilat 4317: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4307:Levantine Sea 4305: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3984: 3982: 3977: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3813:Davies, W. D. 3811: 3810: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3727: 3711: 3710:The Telegraph 3707: 3701: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3674: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3635: 3628: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3612:+972 magazine 3610: 3604: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3579: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3498: 3497:Eretz Yisrael 3494: 3493:Eretz Yisrael 3488: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3426: 3420: 3413: 3408: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3353: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3309: 3300: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3248: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3211: 3198: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3158: 3148: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3117: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3088: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3015: 2999: 2993: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:2 Samuel 24:2 2966: 2962: 2961:2 Samuel 3:10 2958: 2957:1 Samuel 3:20 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2931: 2926: 2919: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2824: 2823:Goldberg 2001 2819: 2812: 2806: 2800:, p. 27. 2799: 2794: 2792: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2768: 2762: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2692:ereṣ yiśrā'êl 2686: 2680: 2673: 2672: 2665: 2659:, p. 32. 2658: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2605: 2604:Sharon, Moshe 2600: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2528: 2521: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2484: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2423:Israel portal 2413: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2368:(Aliyah Day, 2367: 2363: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2253:Eretz Yisrael 2250: 2246: 2243:in 1967, the 2242: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2157: 2156:Palestina E"Y 2153: 2149: 2145: 2144:Eretz Yisrael 2139: 2138: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115:Eretz Yisrael 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2002: 2001:Ottoman Syria 1992: 1990: 1989:Eretz Yisrael 1986: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1852: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1791:world to come 1788: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1745:Maaser Rishon 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1723:Valley of Sur 1721: 1716: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575:Kadesh Barnea 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1489:undertakes a 1488: 1484: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463:Jacob Milgrom 1459: 1450: 1449:is intended. 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1407:Yehuda Halevi 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1388:Promised Land 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1242: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Mediterranean 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1199:land promised 1196: 1192: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:New Testament 1159: 1157: 1153: 1152:Genesis 32:28 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:Promised Land 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Anita Shapira 1083: 1080:According to 1078: 1076: 1075:Ezekiel 47:18 1072: 1068: 1064: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:Eretz Yisrael 1005: 997: 993: 988: 981: 976: 967: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 934:Parkes, James 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 883:, as well as 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 863:based on the 862: 861:Jewish people 858: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772:Promised Land 769: 765: 761: 759: 751: 746: 744: 736: 723: 719: 707: 702: 700: 695: 693: 688: 687: 685: 684: 681: 671: 670: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 639: 633: 632: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 575: 574: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 540: 537: 536: 535: 532: 531: 530: 526: 525: 516: 513: 512: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 494: 491: 489: 488:Mutasarrifate 486: 484: 481: 480: 479: 476: 475: 471: 463: 462: 452: 450: 447: 446: 442: 440: 437: 436: 432: 430: 427: 426: 422: 419: 415: 411: 408: 407: 403: 397: 394: 392: 389: 388: 387: 386: 385: 382: 381: 377: 375: 372: 371: 367: 364: 360: 357: 356: 348: 347: 337: 333: 329: 328: 325: 324: 320: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 304: 303: 302: 299: 298: 294: 292: 289: 288: 284: 282: 279: 278: 274: 272: 271:Persian Yehud 269: 268: 263: 258: 257: 247: 245: 242: 241: 237: 235: 232: 231: 227: 225: 222: 221: 217: 215: 212: 211: 207: 201: 197: 194: 193: 192: 191: 189: 188: 183: 178: 177: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 146: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 97: 96: 90:Early history 87: 86: 82: 78: 77: 74: 68: 67: 62: 57: 56: 50: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7218:Torah places 7142: 7135: 7121: 7044: 7037: 7025: 7008: 6991: 6825:perspectives 6659:Samaritanism 6620:Neo-Hasidism 6600:Conservative 6542: 6514:Names of God 6423: 6404: 6214:Judaeo-Greek 6209:Judeo-Gascon 6148:Lishán Didán 6143:Lishana Deni 6111:Judeo-Yemeni 6079:Judeo-Arabic 5953:Meshuchrarim 5872:Persian Jews 5805:Kurdish Jews 5783:Kaifeng Jews 5732:Beta Abraham 5695:Galitzianers 5650:Antisemitism 5625:Israeli Jews 5610:Assimilation 5458: 5448: 5447: 5437: 5436: 5422: 5421: 5370: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5326: 5279: 5272: 5254:Israeli Jews 5221: 5204: / 5195: 5172: 5159: 4954:Western Wall 4949:Temple Mount 4889: 4691:Beit Shearim 4630:Carmel Caves 4549:Yonim Island 4516:Mount Carmel 4468: 4363:Beit Shemesh 4040: 3959:Eretz Israel 3951: 3940: 3933: 3919: 3897: 3893:Sand, Shlomo 3878: 3860: 3857:Masalha, Nur 3849: 3827: 3816: 3797:Masalha 2007 3792: 3785:Masalha 2007 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3764: 3754: 3742:. Retrieved 3735: 3726: 3714:. Retrieved 3709: 3700: 3689:, retrieved 3685:the original 3679: 3673: 3665: 3660: 3652: 3647: 3639: 3634: 3619: 3603: 3578: 3566:. Retrieved 3561: 3540: 3534: 3522:. Retrieved 3518:the original 3511: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3467: 3454: 3441: 3429:. Retrieved 3419: 3407: 3392: 3384: 3364: 3359: 3350: 3344: 3337: 3329: 3321: 3313: 3308: 3299: 3287:. Retrieved 3283: 3261: 3250:, retrieved 3228: 3218: 3197:cite journal 3189: 3175: 3157: 3147: 3130: 3119:, retrieved 3097: 3087: 3076:, retrieved 3054: 3044: 3036: 3031: 3023: 3014: 3002:. 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