209:, drug testing screens are typically performed in scientific laboratories so that the results will be admissible in evidence at trial. Due to the overwhelming number of impairing substances that are not alcohol, drugs are classified into different categories for detection purposes. Drug impaired drivers still show impairment during the battery of standardized field sobriety tests, but there are additional tests to help detect drug impaired driving. In the US, one study found that 25.8% of drivers seriously injured in crashes tested positive for cannabinoids, 13.6% tested positive solely for cannabinoids, and 24.6% tested positive for a drug other than alcohol or cannabis.
83:"driving while intoxicated" (DWI), "impaired driving", "operating while intoxicated" (OWI), "operating under the influence" (OUI), "operating vehicle under the influence" (OVI), "drunk in charge", or "over the prescribed limit" (in the UK). Alcohol-related DUI is referred to as "drunk driving", "drunken driving", or "drinking and driving" (US), or "drink-driving" (UK/Ireland/Australia). Cannabis-related DUI may be termed "driving high", and more generally drug-related DUI may be referred to as "drugged driving", "driving under the influence of drugs" (DUID), or "drug-impaired driving".
160:
44:
483:(USDOT) regulates many occupations and industries, and has a zero tolerance policy pertaining to the use of cannabis for any regulated employee whether he or she is on-duty or off-duty. Regardless of any State's DUI Statutes and DMV Administrative Penalties, a Commercial Driver's License "CDL" holder will have his or her CDL suspended for 1-year for a DUI arrest and will have his or her CDL revoked for life if they are subsequently arrested for driving impaired.
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252:(THC) in their whole blood can be prosecuted for driving under the influence (DUI). However, no matter the level of THC, law enforcement officers base arrests on observed impairment." In Colorado, if consumption of marijuana is impairing your ability to drive, "it is illegal for you to be driving, even if that substance is prescribed or legally acquired."
234:
accidents than drug and alcohol-free drivers". A more recent 2023 study found that when compared to alcohol, "the impairment effect of marijuana on driving is relatively mild" since drivers using cannabis "drive slower, avoid overtaking other vehicles, and increase following distances." In Canada, police forces such as the
385:
It can be important to perform testing soon after a traffic stop, as THC plasma levels decline significantly after the passage of one or two hours. A number of companies are developing roadside THC breathalyzers that may be used by the police to help identify drivers impaired by the use of marijuana.
381:
U.S. states prohibit the operation of a motor vehicle while under the influence of drugs, including marijuana. For example, in
Illinois it is illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a THC level of 5 nanograms or more per milliliter of whole blood or 10 nanograms or more per milliliter of other bodily
319:
The Drug
Evaluation and Classification program is designed to detect a drug impaired driver and classify the categories of drugs present in his or her system. The procedures are used post-arrest to gather evidence for trial, rather than for probable cause, as they would be difficult to conduct at the
238:
have "...specially trained drug recognition and evaluation officers... can detect whether or not a driver is drug impaired, by putting suspects through physical examinations and co-ordination tests. In 2014, in the
Canadian province of Ontario, Bill 31, the Transportation Statute Law Amendment Act,
243:
and drug recognition evaluations to determine whether the officer believes the driver is under the influence of drugs." In the province of
Manitoba, an "...officer can issue a physical coordination test. In B.C., the officer can further order a drug recognition evaluation by an expert, which can be
136:
level than driving. In some jurisdictions, there are separate charges depending on the vehicle used. In
Washington state, for instance, BUI (bicycling under the influence) laws recognize that intoxicated cyclists are likely to primarily endanger themselves. Accordingly, law enforcement officers are
323:
Initially developed by the Los
Angeles, California, Police Department in the 1970s, the DEC program breaks down detection into a twelve-step process that a government-certified Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) can use to determine the category or categories of drugs that a suspect is impaired by. The
197:. It is not known nationally how many people are killed each year in crashes involving drug-impaired drivers because of data limitations, but one study of drivers who were seriously injured in crashes found that 23.6% of drivers were positive for alcohol and 12.2% were positive solely for alcohol.
116:
a motor vehicle while under the influence, requiring actual "driving". "The distinction between these two terms is material, for it is generally held that the word 'drive,' as used in statutes of this kind, usually denotes movement of the vehicle in some direction, whereas the word 'operate' has a
82:
The name of the offense varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from legal to colloquial terminology. In various jurisdictions the offense is termed "driving under the influence" (DUI), "driving under the influence of intoxicants" (DUII), "driving while impaired" (DWI), "impaired driving",
233:
stated that there "...is clear evidence that cannabis, like alcohol, impairs the psychomotor skills required for safe driving." The study stated that while "annabis-impaired drivers tend to drive more slowly and cautiously than drunk drivers,... evidence shows they are also more likely to cause
264:
often cause side effects such as excessive drowsiness, and, in the case of opioids, nausea. Other prescription drugs including antiepileptics and antidepressants are now also believed to have the same effect. In the last ten years, there has been an increase in motor vehicle crashes, and it is
284:. If the worker is to drive, then the health care provider should not give them opioids. If the worker is to take opioids, then their employer should assign them work which is appropriate for their impaired state and not encourage them to use safety sensitive equipment.
99:
In typical usage of the terms DUI, DWI, OWI, and OVI, the offense consists of driving a vehicle while affected by alcohol or drugs. However, in the majority of US states, the criminal offense may not involve actual driving of the vehicle but rather may broadly include
415:
in exchange for the elimination of the drunk driving charge. In
California, a driver may not be charged or arrested for "wet reckless" driving, and the sole function of the charge is as a possible disposition following a plea bargain for a driver charged with DUI.
90:
is usually called driving under the influence, but states may use other names for the offense including "driving while intoxicated" (DWI), "operating while impaired" (OWI) or "operating while ability impaired", and "operating a vehicle under the influence" (OVI).
462:
to make people aware of the danger of driving while impaired and the potential fines and criminal charges, discourage impaired driving, and encourage drivers to take taxis or public transport home after using alcohol or other drugs. In some jurisdictions, a
311:" requirements (or the equivalent), necessary to sustain a DWI or DUI conviction based on a chemical blood alcohol test. In the US, field sobriety tests are voluntary; however, some states mandate commercial drivers accept preliminary breath tests (PBT).
458:(roadblocks of police cars where drivers are checked), driver's licence suspensions, fines, and prison sentences for DUI offenders are used as part of an effort to deter impaired driving. In addition, many countries have prevention campaigns that use
1150:
Thomas FD, Darrah J, Graham L, Berning A, Blomberg R, Finstad K, Griggs C, Crandall M, Schulman C, Kozar R, Lai J, Mohr N, Chenoweth J, Cunningham K, Babu K, Dorfman J, Van
Heukelom J, Ehsani J, Fell J, Whitehill J, Brown T, Moore C (December 2022),
428:
may be automatically declared invalid for the intoxicated driver; the drunk driver would be fully responsible for damages. In the
American system, a citation for driving under the influence also causes a major increase in car insurance premiums.
272:, then that person's doctor should be told that driving is a part of the worker's duties and the employer should be told that the worker could be treated with opioids. Workers should not use impairing substances while driving or operating
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was introduced to the provincial legislature. Bill 31 contains driver's license "...suspensions for those caught driving under the influence of drugs, or a combination of drugs and alcohol. Ontario police officers "...use
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substances. Under that law, an individual can be arrested for driving under influence of cannabis at any THC level, including under the per se legal limits if an
Officer believes the individual is impaired by cannabis.
372:
The DEC program is recognized by all fifty states in the U.S., Canada, and the United Kingdom and DRE training in the use of the twelve-step process is scientifically validated by both laboratory and field studies.
265:
believed that the use of impairing prescription drugs has been a major factor. Workers are expected to notify their employer when prescribed such drugs to minimize the risk of motor vehicle crashes while at work.
117:
broader meaning so as to include not only the motion of the vehicle but also acts which engage the machinery of the vehicle that, alone or in sequence, will set in motion the motive power of the vehicle."
247:
In the US state of Colorado, the state government indicates that "ny amount of marijuana consumption puts you at risk of driving impaired." Colorado law states that "drivers with five nanograms of active
827:
147:, ended up being the first person to be convicted of driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated, on September 10, 1897, under the "drunk in charge" provision of the 1872 Licensing Act. He was fined 25
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of a car while intoxicated and holding the car keys, even while parked, may be charged with DUI because they are in control of the vehicle. In contrast, California only makes it illegal to
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The German model serves to reduce the number of crashes by identifying unfit drivers and revoking their licenses until their fitness to drive has been established again. The
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study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. This study rated alcohol the most harmful drug overall, and the only drug more
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works for a prognosis of the fitness for drive in future, has an interdisciplinary basic approach, and offers the chance of individual rehabilitation to the offender.
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735:. Surgeon General’s Workshop on Drunk Driving. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. pp. 136–156.
74:), to a level that renders the driver incapable of operating a motor vehicle safely. Multiple other terms are used for the offense in various jurisdictions.
2008:
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to determine if a person suspected of impaired driving is intoxicated with alcohol or other drugs. FSTs are primarily used in the United States, to meet "
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The laws relating to DUI vary significantly between countries, particularly the thresholds at which a person is charged with a crime. In many countries,
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Graham, Kyle (2011). "Facilitating Crimes: An Inquiry into the Selective Invocation of Offenses within the Continuum of Criminal Procedures".
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may face civil liability for injuries caused by that driver. In some countries, non-profit advocacy organizations, a well-known example being
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of a motor vehicle while under the influence, even if the person charged is not in the act of driving. For example, individuals found in the
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Occupational medicine practice guidelines : evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery in workers
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1475:(online March 2014) (3rd ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. p. 11.
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Driving With Care:Education and Treatment of the Impaired Driving Offender-Strategies for Responsible Living: The Provider's Guide
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Some nations use saliva swabs to test for THC levels at roadside, but questions remain about the reliability of saliva testing.
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Walsh, J. Michael; Gier, Johan J.; Christopherson, Asborg S.; Verstraete, Alain G. (11 August 2010). "Drugs and Driving".
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870:("f you bicycle while intoxicated you will be held to the same standards as other motorists and may be issued a DUI.")
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Benikov, Alexander Y. (2012). "When Is an Arizona Drunk Driver Not a Driver: Zarogoza and Actual Physical Control".
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697:"DUI | the crime of driving a vehicle while drunk also: a person who is arrested for driving a vehicle while drunk"
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Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".
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411:"Wet reckless" is a term used informally when a driver takes a plea bargain, agreeing to plead guilty to
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1884:"The Medical Psychological Assessment: An Opportunity for the Individual, Safety for the Genera Public"
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Weiss, MS; Bowden, K; Branco, F; et al. (2011). "Opioids Guideline". In Kurt T. Hegmann (ed.).
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DREs are qualified to offer expert testimony in court that pertains to impaired driving on drugs.
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1336:"Basic Concepts in Opioid Prescribing and Current Concepts of Opioid-Mediated Effects on Driving"
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Drunk driving (or drink-driving in British English) is the act of driving under the influence of
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empowered only to protect the cyclist by impounding the bicycle rather than filing DUI charges.
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can be charged and convicted of impaired driving in some jurisdictions. A 2011 study in the
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58:) is the offense of driving, operating, or being in control of a vehicle while impaired by
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of a motor vehicle crash. In the United States, alcohol is involved in 30% of all
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1118:"Impaired Driving: Get the Facts | Transportation Safety | Injury Center | CDC"
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948:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
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1275:"Ontario to bring in stronger punishment for driving under influence of drugs"
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Wanberg, Kenneth W.; Milkman, Harvey B.; Timkin, David S. (3 December 2004).
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471:(MADD) run their own publicity campaigns against drunk or impaired driving.
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Driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of an impairing substance
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Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users
650:(1 ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, Inc. p. 14.
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1858:"How an impaired driving conviction can affect your car insurance rates"
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In the US state of Colorado, impaired drivers may be charged with child
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If a worker who drives has a health condition which can be treated with
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Issues in the enforcement of impaired driving laws in the United States
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1581:"Drug Evaluation and Classification Program (DECP) Annual Report 2018"
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1535:"DRUG EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION TRAINING - ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE"
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1380:"Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice"
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1499:"The proactive role employers can take: Opioids in the Workplace"
1160:, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 813399,
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if they are arrested for DUI with minor children in the vehicle.
269:
226:
121:
1454:, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
1305:"Marijuana and Driving — Colorado Department of Transportation"
353:
23:. For driving under the influence of alcohol specifically, see
1742:"These companies are racing to develop a Breathalyzer for pot"
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758:"Impaired Driving in Canada: Cost and Effect of a Conviction"
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American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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63:
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such as tractors and combines, riding horses or driving a
1220:"Marijuana legalization and traffic fatalities revisited"
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used as evidence of drug use to pursue further charges."
2756:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
1705:"Marijuana-Impaired Driving : A Report to Congress"
1183:
1181:
881:"Ore. skateboarder collides with van, charged with DUI"
132:, bicycling, or skateboarding, possibly with different
47:
1937 poster warning U.S. drivers against drunk driving
1442:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1218:
Chen, Weiwei; French, Michael T. (7 September 2023).
1178:
2009:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
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1267:
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643:
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Field sobriety tests are a battery of tests used by
2680:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
30:"DUI" and "DWI" redirect here. For other uses, see
2685:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
2090:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
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912:"Bike Law University: Riding Under the Influence"
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820:"In Mt Isa it's RUI: riding under the influence"
465:bar or restaurant that serves an impaired driver
3067:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
3831:Commercial Driver's License Information System
217:Drivers who have smoked or otherwise consumed
3879:Disabled parking permits of the United States
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260:Prescription medications such as opioids and
2629:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
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1058:"Why drunk drivers may get behind the wheel"
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151:, which is equivalent to ÂŁ179 in 2023.
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3270:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
2840:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
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1923:One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900
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315:Drug Evaluation and Classification program
120:Many DUI laws apply also to motorcycling,
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944:inflation figures are based on data from
854:Police Department, University of Colorado
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3813:List of countries by minimum driving age
726:Voas, Robert B.; Lacey, John H. (1989).
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2810:Legal drinking age in the United States
1772:"Child Endangerment Drunk Driving Laws"
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1689:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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756:Tekenos-Levy, Jordan (29 July 2015).
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241:Standard Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs)
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2306:List of methanol poisoning incidents
1378:Sigona, Nicholas (13 October 2014).
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1250:from the original on 11 January 2024
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891:from the original on 7 February 2019
830:from the original on 15 October 2008
446:Drunk driving § Laws by country
3027:Alcohol consumption recommendations
2952:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
1038:from the original on 24 August 2022
124:, piloting aircraft, use of mobile
86:In the United States, the specific
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2751:Alcohol packaging warning messages
2363:Alcohol use among college students
2025:Drunk driving in the United States
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352:Injection sites (for injection of
14:
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3676:Category: Speed limits by country
3480:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic
3310:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
3290:Index of alcohol-related articles
2733:Administrative License Suspension
1933:
1812:LII / Legal Information Institute
1721:from the original on 8 March 2022
1569:. NHTSA. pp. Sev IV Pg. 5–6.
1334:Kaye, Adam M. (12 January 2013).
1285:from the original on 2 March 2022
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1098:from the original on 6 March 2023
818:Rowling, Troy (14 October 2008).
707:from the original on 7 April 2023
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3342:
2744:Alcoholic beverage control state
2540:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
1864:from the original on 14 May 2017
860:from the original on 16 May 2017
762:National College for DUI Defense
561:Mobile phones and driving safety
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3823:Traffic violations reciprocity
2565:List of deaths through alcohol
2383:Epidemiology of binge drinking
2187:Subjective response to alcohol
1927:Johns Hopkins University Press
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576:Driver's license: point system
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19:For the legal definition, see
1:
3846:Non-Resident Violator Compact
3788:Inter-American Driving Permit
3050:Sweat alcohol content monitor
2085:Alcoholism in rural Australia
1856:Tchir, Jason (10 June 2014).
998:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6
916:League of American Bicyclists
672:"driving under the influence"
587:
555:Mothers Against Drunk Driving
469:Mothers Against Drunk Driving
236:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
171:than to the users themselves.
94:
3793:International Driving Permit
3651:Assured clear distance ahead
3465:School bus traffic stop laws
3450:Left- and right-hand traffic
3415:Assured clear distance ahead
2973:Adult Children of Alcoholics
2761:Drunk driving law by country
2177:Long-term effects of alcohol
2095:Disease theory of alcoholism
2080:Alcoholism in family systems
2070:Alcohol and Native Americans
1839:Lewis & Clark Law Review
1740:Smith, Aaron (26 May 2017).
1384:Journal of Pharmacy Practice
910:McLeod, Ken (11 July 2013).
676:Cambridge English Dictionary
419:
7:
4020:Driving under the influence
3808:Driving licences by country
3773:Commercial driver's license
3519:Rules of the Road (Ireland)
2700:International whisk(e)y day
2014:Driving under the influence
887:. CBS News. 13 March 2013.
486:
52:Driving under the influence
10:
4066:
3783:Graduated driver licensing
3656:National Maximum Speed Law
3216:Christian views on alcohol
2822:List of alcohol laws of US
2100:High-functioning alcoholic
1616:Walsh, J. Michael (2009).
1088:"Alcohol-Impaired Driving"
443:
296:
287:
185:. A small increase in the
174:
154:
29:
18:
3937:
3909:
3854:
3821:
3763:
3716:Mobile phones and driving
3684:
3631:
3527:
3488:
3400:
3338:
3282:
3236:
3206:
3130:
3115:Alcoholic spirits measure
3100:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
3014:
2858:
2830:
2781:Ignition interlock device
2723:
2714:
2670:Drunken monkey hypothesis
2603:
2532:
2503:Routes of administration
2284:
2195:
2164:
2132:Alcohol congener analysis
2114:
2075:Alcoholism in adolescence
2060:
1997:
1986:
1224:Southern Economic Journal
615:10.1080/15389580490465292
603:Traffic Injury Prevention
365:Toxicological examination
309:probable cause for arrest
205:For drivers suspected of
3979:"How's my driving?" sign
3836:Driver License Agreement
3778:European driving licence
3508:The Highway Code (Malta)
1396:10.1177/0897190014549839
424:In the case of a crash,
362:Opinion of the evaluator
359:Interrogation of suspect
256:Prescription medications
70:and those prescribed by
3874:Disabled parking permit
3671:Speed limits by country
3666:Speed limit enforcement
3295:Alcohol and spaceflight
3037:Alcohol server training
2910:Managed alcohol program
2488:Binge drinking devices
2182:Pharmacology of ethanol
1627:. NHTSA. Archived from
1506:National Safety Council
1449:: an initiative of the
946:Clark, Gregory (2017).
3957:Drivers' working hours
3929:Clunk Click Every Trip
3864:Alternate-side parking
3841:Driver License Compact
3550:Field sobriety testing
2900:Alcohol rehabilitation
2868:Alcohol detoxification
2771:Field sobriety testing
2656:Health effects of wine
2624:International Beer Day
2388:Holiday heart syndrome
540:DUI laws in California
346:Dark room examinations
337:Evaluation of the eyes
334:Preliminary evaluation
299:Field sobriety testing
293:Field sobriety testing
172:
48:
4050:Social responsibility
3721:Texting while driving
3641:85th percentile speed
3455:Bidirectional traffic
3440:New Zealand Road Code
3420:Australian Road Rules
3152:Disulfiram-like drugs
2692:Ritual use of alcohol
2661:Wine and food pairing
2646:Apéritif and digestif
2297:Adulterated moonshine
2144:Blood alcohol content
2106:Seeing pink elephants
1193:News.nationalpost.com
808:(1977) 269 S.C. 356 .
525:Drug–impaired driving
499:Alcohol-related crime
475:US federal regulation
450:Drug-impaired driving
444:Further information:
207:drug-impaired driving
187:blood alcohol content
162:
46:
21:Drug–impaired driving
3968:Epilepsy and driving
3646:Advisory speed limit
3571:Road traffic control
3221:Alcohol in the Bible
3208:Religion and alcohol
3174:General anaesthetics
2967:Alcoholics Anonymous
2925:List of mixed drinks
2378:Alcohol intoxication
2293:Adulterated alcohol
571:Responsible drug use
456:sobriety checkpoints
377:Testing for cannabis
250:tetrahydrocannabinol
231:B.C. Medical Journal
163:Table from the 2010
104:or being physically
36:DWI (disambiguation)
32:DUI (disambiguation)
3994:Slow moving vehicle
3984:Old age and driving
3535:Parking enforcement
3300:Gateway drug effect
3086:Low-alcohol drinks
2915:Non-alcoholic drink
2850:Temperance movement
2832:Alcohol prohibition
2555:Gilbert Paul Jordan
2545:Dionysian Mysteries
2329:on college campuses
2324:Alcohol advertising
2042:Public intoxication
1634:on 13 November 2020
1340:The Ochsner Journal
1281:. 22 October 2014.
982:(9752): 1558–1565.
922:on 13 February 2023
850:"Pedestrian Safety"
701:Merriam-webster.com
328:Breath Alcohol Test
130:horse-drawn vehicle
4045:Traffic psychology
3952:Digital tachograph
3924:Click It or Ticket
3750:Vehicular homicide
3711:Distracted driving
3132:Addiction medicine
3075:Get Your Sexy Back
3015:Alcohol limitation
2991:Sober living house
2957:Twelve-step groups
2890:Brief intervention
2883:Open-container law
2845:Neo-prohibitionism
2805:Legal drinking age
2611:Alcoholic beverage
2512:Alcohol inhalation
2427:Drinking in public
2405:Blackout Wednesday
2263:Beverage-specific
1980:Alcohol and health
1896:on 8 February 2012
1860:. Globe and Mail.
1315:on 15 October 2019
1236:10.1002/soej.12657
1064:. 18 August 2010.
1032:Collins Dictionary
942:Retail Price Index
789:Phoenix Law Review
395:Child endangerment
324:twelve steps are:
213:Recreational drugs
195:traffic fatalities
173:
68:recreational drugs
49:
4007:
4006:
3911:Automotive safety
3896:Parking violation
3755:Wrong-way driving
3686:Moving violations
3402:Rules of the road
3356:
3355:
3278:
3277:
3228:Islam and alcohol
3162:Calcium carbimide
3032:Alcohol education
2920:List of cocktails
2895:Designated driver
2873:Alcohol-free zone
2776:Hip flask defence
2710:
2709:
2651:Hangover remedies
2595:Whiskey Rebellion
2585:Six o'clock swill
2373:Austrian syndrome
2312:Surrogate alcohol
2302:Denatured alcohol
2274:Red wine headache
1925:. Baltimore, MD:
1671:on 4 October 2021
1440:(February 2014),
1279:Ca.news.yahoo.com
509:Designated driver
340:Psychomotor tests
221:products such as
169:harmful to others
4057:
3973:Hours of service
3798:Learner's permit
3765:Driver licensing
3728:Reckless driving
3694:Impaired driving
3540:Impaired driving
3513:Road Users' Code
3503:The Highway Code
3490:Road user guides
3430:Green Cross Code
3383:
3376:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3145:Chlordiazepoxide
3095:Low-alcohol beer
2739:Alcohol monopoly
2721:
2720:
2641:Drinking culture
2634:Women in brewing
2517:Vodka eyeballing
2484:Passive drinking
1995:
1994:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1940:Impaired driving
1919:Barron H. Lerner
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1889:. Archived from
1888:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1788:on 29 March 2017
1787:
1781:. Archived from
1776:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1664:. Archived from
1663:
1655:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1622:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1585:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1540:. January 2011.
1539:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1508:. Archived from
1503:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1434:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1311:. Archived from
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1124:. 19 July 2023.
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1024:
1018:
1017:
991:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
918:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
877:
871:
869:
867:
865:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
815:
809:
803:
797:
796:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
768:on 1 August 2017
764:. Archived from
753:
747:
746:
744:
734:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
668:
662:
661:
641:
635:
634:
598:
516:, UK police code
413:reckless driving
140:George Smith, a
88:criminal offense
4065:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3933:
3905:
3850:
3817:
3759:
3680:
3627:
3566:Pretextual stop
3523:
3498:Driver's manual
3484:
3396:
3387:
3357:
3352:
3334:
3315:Self-medication
3274:
3232:
3202:
3140:Benzodiazepines
3126:
3010:
2996:Sobering center
2981:Sober companion
2962:Al-Anon/Alateen
2854:
2826:
2716:
2706:
2599:
2528:
2468:In vino veritas
2462:Hair of the dog
2280:
2196:Adverse effects
2191:
2160:
2110:
2056:
2000:
1999:Alcohol-related
1990:
1982:
1977:
1936:
1915:
1913:Further reading
1910:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1659:"Archived copy"
1657:
1656:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1461:
1459:
1451:ABIM Foundation
1447:Choosing Wisely
1435:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1376:
1369:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1189:"National Post"
1187:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1028:"drink-driving"
1026:
1025:
1021:
989:10.1.1.690.1283
972:
968:
958:
956:
939:
935:
925:
923:
908:
904:
894:
892:
879:
878:
874:
863:
861:
848:
847:
843:
833:
831:
816:
812:
806:State v. Graves
804:
800:
785:
781:
771:
769:
754:
750:
742:10.1.1.553.1031
732:
724:
720:
710:
708:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
670:
669:
665:
658:
642:
638:
599:
595:
590:
585:
489:
477:
452:
442:
440:Laws by country
422:
409:
397:
392:
379:
356:or other drugs)
317:
305:police officers
301:
295:
290:
274:heavy machinery
262:benzodiazepines
258:
215:
203:
179:
157:
97:
80:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3965:
3963:Drowsy driving
3960:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Seat belt laws
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3886:Double parking
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:Brake checking
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3618:Traffic ticket
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:Highway patrol
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Boulevard rule
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3330:French paradox
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3186:Sulfonic acids
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3120:Standard drink
3117:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3082:Liquor license
3079:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2947:Temperance bar
2944:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2368:Binge drinking
2365:
2360:
2358:Alcohol powder
2355:
2350:
2348:Alcohol myopia
2345:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2156:Wine chemistry
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2122:Beer chemistry
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1934:External links
1932:
1931:
1930:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1875:
1848:
1829:
1808:"wet reckless"
1799:
1763:
1732:
1696:
1645:
1608:
1572:
1558:
1526:
1515:on 10 May 2017
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:978-0615452272
1481:
1467:, which cites
1424:
1390:(1): 119–123.
1367:
1326:
1296:
1261:
1230:(2): 259–276.
1210:
1177:
1139:
1109:
1079:
1049:
1019:
966:
953:MeasuringWorth
933:
902:
872:
841:
824:Brisbane Times
810:
798:
779:
748:
718:
688:
663:
656:
636:
609:(3): 241–253.
592:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:
581:Zero tolerance
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
506:
501:
496:
490:
488:
485:
476:
473:
441:
438:
421:
418:
408:
405:
396:
393:
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367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
350:
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341:
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316:
313:
297:Main article:
294:
291:
289:
286:
257:
254:
214:
211:
202:
199:
189:increases the
175:Main article:
156:
153:
126:farm machinery
96:
93:
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76:
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9:
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3:
2:
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4030:Alcohol abuse
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3891:Parking chair
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3740:Street racing
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3730:
3729:
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3704:United States
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3608:Traffic guard
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3603:Traffic court
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3435:Move over law
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3331:
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3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Mood disorder
3303:
3301:
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3281:
3271:
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3180:
3179:Nitrous oxide
3177:
3176:
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3172:
3168:
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3163:
3160:
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3116:
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3112:
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3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:Fermented tea
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
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3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
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3063:
3060:
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3007:
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3002:
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2997:
2994:
2992:
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2987:
2986:Sober curious
2984:
2982:
2979:
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2698:
2697:
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2681:
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2676:
2675:Ladies' night
2673:
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2606:
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2578:
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2575:Rum Rebellion
2573:
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2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Alcohol enema
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:
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2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Flaming drink
2455:
2453:
2452:Dutch courage
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Drunk walking
2435:
2433:
2432:Drunk dialing
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:Drinking game
2408:
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2320:
2319:Alcohol abuse
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
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2300:
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2291:
2289:
2287:
2286:Social issues
2283:
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2255:
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2223:breast cancer
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2152:
2151:Fusel alcohol
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2030:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:Drunk driving
2018:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1969:
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1962:
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1746:Money.cnn.com
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1346:(4): 525–32.
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1062:Science Daily
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564:
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559:
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543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Drunk walking
533:
531:
530:Drunk drivers
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
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482:
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466:
461:
457:
451:
447:
437:
435:
430:
427:
426:car insurance
417:
414:
404:
402:
390:Other charges
387:
383:
374:
370:
364:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
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266:
263:
253:
251:
245:
242:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
210:
208:
198:
196:
192:
191:relative risk
188:
184:
178:
177:Drunk driving
170:
166:
161:
152:
150:
146:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
115:
111:
110:driver's seat
107:
103:
92:
89:
84:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
25:Drunk driving
22:
3803:Point system
3693:
3613:Traffic stop
3561:State police
3545:Breathalyzer
3539:
3470:Traffic code
3460:Right-of-way
3410:All-way stop
3265:Gin Act 1751
3255:Bratt System
3248:
3244:
3111:Measurement
3045:Breathalyzer
2815:Shoulder tap
2467:
2341:Beer goggles
2013:
1922:
1898:. Retrieved
1891:the original
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1851:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1783:the original
1778:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1745:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1711:
1699:
1673:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1636:. Retrieved
1629:the original
1624:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1587:
1575:
1566:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1510:the original
1505:
1493:
1472:
1460:, retrieved
1445:
1415:. Retrieved
1387:
1383:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1308:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1278:
1252:. Retrieved
1227:
1223:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1169:, retrieved
1153:
1130:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
979:
975:
969:
957:. Retrieved
951:
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
915:
905:
893:. Retrieved
884:
875:
862:. Retrieved
853:
844:
832:. Retrieved
823:
813:
805:
801:
792:
788:
782:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
761:
751:
728:
721:
711:29 September
709:. Retrieved
700:
691:
679:. Retrieved
675:
666:
646:
639:
606:
602:
596:
520:Driving laws
504:Breathalyzer
478:
453:
431:
423:
410:
407:Wet reckless
401:endangerment
398:
384:
380:
371:
368:
322:
318:
302:
267:
259:
246:
230:
216:
204:
180:
139:
119:
113:
105:
101:
98:
85:
81:
55:
51:
50:
40:
4040:Traffic law
4025:Alcohol law
3999:Vision Zero
3939:Road safety
3901:Wheel clamp
3661:School zone
3633:Speed limit
3591:Enforcement
3528:Enforcement
3515:(Hong Kong)
3475:Turn on red
3390:Traffic law
3245:Beer Street
3196:Homotaurine
3191:Acamprosate
3062:Dry January
3041:Monitoring
2942:Teetotalism
2935:Malt drinks
2725:Alcohol law
2497:Yard of ale
2442:Drunkorexia
2254:intolerance
2047:Rum-running
1944:MedlinePlus
1462:24 February
1122:www.cdc.gov
1042:14 December
460:advertising
349:Muscle tone
343:Vital signs
201:Other drugs
165:DrugScience
142:London Taxi
78:Terminology
66:(including
4014:Categories
3947:Tachograph
3745:Tailgating
3581:Textalyzer
3576:Terry stop
3445:Overtaking
3325:Town drunk
3157:Disulfiram
3105:Small beer
3071:Campaigns
2905:Drunk tank
2878:Dry campus
2788:Dry county
2570:Rum ration
2550:Dipsomania
2479:Pantsdrunk
2272:Red wine:
2062:Alcoholism
2052:Wine fraud
1900:10 October
1601:1 December
1254:15 January
926:9 December
885:Crimesider
588:References
494:Alcoholism
145:cab driver
106:in control
95:Definition
72:physicians
3989:Road rage
3596:Red light
3260:Dry state
3167:Cyanamide
3001:Sobrietol
2800:Last call
2766:DWI court
2619:Beer mile
2590:Speakeasy
2560:Gin Craze
2492:Beer bong
2447:Dry drunk
2420:Pregaming
2268:Potomania
2250:Tolerance
2240:Pregnancy
2115:Chemistry
2037:Nip joint
2032:Moonshine
1712:Nhtsa.gov
1675:9 October
1638:9 October
1309:Codot.gov
1244:0038-4038
984:CiteSeerX
737:CiteSeerX
545:DWI court
420:Penalties
278:forklifts
223:marijuana
149:shillings
102:operating
3959:(Europe)
3348:Category
3249:Gin Lane
3006:Quit lit
2930:Spritzer
2860:Sobriety
2715:Alcohol
2696:Whiskey
2524:Sconcing
2474:Nightcap
2400:Blackout
2230:Cortisol
2127:Congener
1921:(2011).
1868:1 August
1862:Archived
1816:Archived
1792:1 August
1756:1 August
1750:Archived
1716:Archived
1685:cite web
1592:Archived
1551:27 March
1542:Archived
1519:1 August
1456:archived
1417:16 April
1412:45295600
1404:25312259
1362:24358001
1283:Archived
1248:Archived
1197:Archived
1171:26 March
1162:archived
1132:26 March
1126:Archived
1102:26 March
1096:Archived
1094:. 2018.
1066:Archived
1036:Archived
1006:21036393
889:Archived
858:Archived
828:Archived
772:1 August
705:Archived
631:23160488
623:15276925
487:See also
219:cannabis
3856:Parking
3623:Warning
3283:Related
3237:History
3022:0-0-1-3
2717:control
2604:General
2580:Shebeen
2533:History
2203:Anxiety
2165:Effects
2139:Ethanol
1988:Alcohol
1725:2 March
1625:ems.gov
1353:3865831
1319:2 March
1289:2 March
1203:2 March
1014:5667719
895:19 July
864:19 July
834:19 July
681:14 July
320:scene.
288:Testing
270:opioids
227:hashish
183:alcohol
155:Alcohol
122:boating
60:alcohol
4035:Crimes
3699:Canada
3586:Camera
3394:safety
3057:FRAMES
2266:Beer:
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