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Draped Bust dollar

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361:. Upon assuming his duties at the Mint on October 28, Boudinot was informed of the silver standard that had been used since the first official silver coins were struck. He immediately ordered that this practice be ceased and that coinage would begin in the 89.2% fineness approved by the Coinage Act of 1792. The total production of 1795 dollars (including both the Flowing Hair and Draped Bust types) totalled 203,033. It is estimated that approximately 42,000 dollars were struck bearing the Draped Bust design. Boudinot soon ordered that production of minor denominations be increased. Later, assayer Albian Cox died suddenly from a stroke in his home on November 27, 1795, leaving the vital post of assayer vacant. This, together with Boudinot's increased focus on smaller denominations, as well as a lull in private bullion deposits (the fledgling Mint's only source of bullion), caused a decrease in silver dollar production in 1796. The total mintage for 1796 was 79,920, which amounts to an approximate 62% reduction from the previous year's total. 1020: 449:(who had worked at the Mint since its opening in 1792), Moore determined that the last silver dollars struck were dated 1804. Unknown to either of them, the last production in March 1804 was actually dated 1803. Since they believed that the last striking was dated 1804, it was decided to strike the presentation pieces with that date as well. It is unknown why the current date was not used, but R.W. Julian suggests that this was done to prevent coin collectors from being angered over the fact that they would be unable to obtain the newly dated coins. 346:
in October. In September 1795, de Saussure wrote his resignation letter to President Washington. In his letter, de Saussure mentioned the unauthorized silver standard and suggested that Congress be urged to make the standard official, but this was not done. In response to de Saussure's letter, Washington expressed his displeasure in the resignation, stating that he had viewed de Saussure's tenure with "entire satisfaction". As de Saussure's resignation would not take effect until October, the president was given time to select a replacement.
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41,650 in 1802, after Boudinot was able to convince many depositors to accept their silver in the form of small denominations. Although silver bullion deposits at the Mint had increased, Boudinot attempted to end silver dollar production in 1803, favoring half dollars instead. Mintage of the 1803 dollar continued until March 1804, when production of silver dollars ceased entirely. In total, 85,634 dollars dated 1803 were struck. Following a formal request from the Bank of the United States, Secretary of State
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contemporary artist as a "thorough-going drudge" due to his willingness to carry out most painting or sculptural tasks at the request of clients, was paid thirty dollars for his work preparing models for both the obverse Liberty and reverse eagle and wreath. After the plaster models were created, the engravers of the Philadelphia Mint (including Scot) began creating hubs that would be used to make dies for the new coins.
350: 382:. The agreement reached with the Bank of the United States along with other bullion depositors (including Boudinot) led to an increase in the number of silver dollars coined; mintage for both the small and heraldic eagle types totalled 327,536. Mintage numbers for the dollar remained high through 1799, with 423,515 struck that year. 166: 516:
By the end of the 19th century, the 1804 dollar had become the most famous and widely discussed of all American coins. In 1867, one of the original 1804 dollars was sold at auction for $ 750 ($ 16,350 today). Seven years later, on November 27, 1874, a specimen sold for $ 700 ($ 18,851 today). In
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epidemic in Philadelphia; that year's epidemic took the life of the Mint's treasurer, Dr. Nicholas Way. In November 1797, the Bank deposited approximately $ 30,000 worth of French silver. In early 1798, the reverse was changed from the small, perched eagle to a heraldic eagle similar to that depicted
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consisting of 89.2% silver and 10.8% copper. However, Mint officials were reluctant to strike coins with the unusual fineness, so it was decided to strike them in an unauthorized alloy of 90% silver instead. This caused depositors of silver to lose money when their metal was coined. During the second
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ordered that the legal fineness of 0.892 (89.2%) silver be used for the dollar rather than the unauthorized fineness of 0.900 (90%) silver that had been used since the denomination was first minted in 1794. Due largely to a decrease in the amount of silver deposited at the Philadelphia Mint, coinage
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Toward the end of the 18th century, many of the silver dollars produced by the Mint were shipped to and circulated or melted in China in order to satisfy the great demand for silver bullion in that nation. In 1800, silver deposits once again began to decline, and the total silver dollar output
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It is unknown exactly when production of the new design began, as precise records relating to design were not kept at that time. R.W. Julian, however, places the beginning of production in either late September or early October 1795, while Taxay asserts that the first new silver dollars were struck
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After approval was received, the designs were sent to artist John Eckstein to be rendered into plaster models; during that time, plaster models were used as a guide to cutting the dies, which was done by hand. Eckstein, who was dismissed by Walter Breen as a "local artistic hack" and described by a
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of the coins. In May 1843, numismatist Matthew A. Stickney was able to obtain an 1804 dollar from the Mint's coin cabinet by trading a rare pre-federal United States gold coin. Due to an increase in the demand for rare coins, Mint officials, including Director Snowden, began minting an increasing
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number of coin restrikes in the 1850s. Several 1804 dollars were struck, and some were sold for personal profit on the part of Mint officials. When he discovered this, Snowden bought back several of the coins. One such coin, which Snowden later added to the Mint cabinet, was struck over an 1857
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regarding the lack of small change in circulation, Boudinot began requesting that silver depositors receive smaller denominations rather than the routinely requested silver dollars, in an effort to supply the nation with more small change. Production dropped to 54,454 silver dollars in 1801 and
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Bullion deposits continued to decline, and in 1797, silver dollar production reached the lowest point since 1794 with a mintage of just 7,776 pieces. During this time, silver deposits declined to such an extent that Thomas Jefferson personally deposited 300
460:, so two additional sets were struck. The pieces struck under the auspices of the Mint are known as Class I 1804 dollars, and eight of that type are known to exist today. Roberts left for his trip in April 1835, and he presented one set each to the 310:
began researching the early history of the United States Mint and its coinage in the 1850s, during which time he interviewed descendants of Stuart who claimed that their ancestor was the designer. It has been suggested that Philadelphia socialite
445:. The State Department ordered two sets of "specimens of each kind now in use, whether of gold, silver, or copper". Though the minting of dollars had been approved in 1831, none had been struck since 1804. After consulting with Chief Coiner 293:
on July 9, 1795, may have suggested it, as he had stated a redesign of the American coinage as one of his goals before taking office. It is also possible that the Flowing Hair design was discontinued owing to much public disapproval.
373:. The Bank agreed to supply the Mint with foreign silver on the condition that the Bank would receive their deposits back in silver dollars. The Mint was closed between August and November 1797 due to the annual 521:
began marketing the 1804 dollar as the "King of American Coins". The coins continued to gain popularity throughout the 20th century, and the price reached an all-time high in 1999, when an example
240:. Officials mistakenly believed that dollars had last been minted with the date 1804, prompting them to use that date rather than the date in which the coins were actually struck. A limited number of 229:
of silver dollars declined throughout the latter years of the 18th century. In 1804, coinage of silver dollars was halted; the last date used during regular mint production was 1803.
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and became known as Class II, the only such piece of that type known to exist today. Six pieces with edge lettering applied after striking became known as Class III dollars.
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year of production of the Flowing Hair dollar, it was decided that the denomination would be redesigned. It is unknown what prompted this change or who suggested it, though
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The first two 1804 dollars (as well as the other coins for the sets) were struck in November 1834. Soon, Roberts' trip was expanded to
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Henry William de Saussure was Director of the Mint when production began on the Draped Bust dollar.
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minted from 1795 to 1803, and was reproduced, dated 1804, into the 1850s. The design succeeded the
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to once again allow the coinage of silver dollars; the request was approved on April 18. In 1834,
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was selected as an American commercial representative to Asia, including the kingdoms of
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for that year was 220,920. In 1801, following complaints from the public and members of
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posed as the model for the coin. Several sketches were approved by Mint engraver
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A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations, Struck Within the Past Century
210:. The designer is unknown, though the distinction is usually credited to artist 1699: 1694: 1189: 426: 369:
in June 1797. In April 1797, an agreement was reached between the Mint and the
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Elias Boudinot assumed his duties as Director of the Mint on October 28, 1795.
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The person chosen to fill the position was statesman and former congressman
206:, which began mintage in 1794 and was the first silver dollar struck by the 1348: 1049: 1011: 523: 465: 434: 374: 252: 244:
were struck by the Mint in later years, and they remain rare and valuable.
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production in 1806, although minting of both had ended two years earlier.
1709: 1669: 1323: 1124: 518: 505: 408: 316: 282: 241: 496:(son of Adam Eckfeldt) and William E. Du Bois published a book entitled 232:
In 1834, silver dollar production was temporarily restarted to supply a
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Most coin collectors became aware of the 1804 dollar in 1842, when
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Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins
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is widely acknowledged to have been its creator; Mint Director
80: 74: 468:. The gift to the Sultan of Muscat was part of an exchange of 481: 457: 441:. Roberts recommended that the dignitaries be given a set of 277: 1116:
The Heroes of the American Revolution and Their Descendants
1079:. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Bowers and Merena Galleries. 691: 268:, in 1794 following the construction and staffing of the 972: 970: 945: 943: 941: 939: 926: 924: 922: 920: 918: 916: 914: 901: 899: 897: 869: 867: 865: 863: 861: 859: 857: 855: 791: 789: 787: 785: 783: 710: 708: 706: 476:
with a full-grown lion and lioness. Roberts fell ill in
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Silver Dollars & Trade Dollars of the United States
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filed a request through the Treasury asking president
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The model is also unknown, though 2041:Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee 1131:A Guide Book of United States Coins 13: 1980:Counterfeit United States currency 1637:United States currency and coinage 14: 2100: 221:In October 1795, newly appointed 1724:Bureau of Engraving and Printing 1164:Dollar Coin of the United States 1032: 1018: 1004: 997: 402: 380:Great Seal of the United States 2046:Promotional fake denominations 1990:National Numismatic Collection 1930:Black Eagle Silver Certificate 1790:America the Beautiful (silver) 236:to Asia with a special set of 1: 529: 487: 340: 247: 1221:Coinage of the United States 319:and de Saussure and sent to 7: 2074:Goddess of Liberty on coins 1056:. New York, NY: Doubleday. 262:United States silver dollar 260:Coinage began on the first 10: 2105: 2084:United States silver coins 2079:United States dollar coins 1882:Discontinued denominations 456:(then known as Annam) and 406: 1917: 1881: 1833: 1780: 1737: 1642: 1557: 1496: 1418: 1357: 1270: 1227: 1178: 1161: 1153: 1113:Whittmore, Henry (1897). 1096:The U.S. Mint and Coinage 371:Bank of the United States 297: 287:Henry William de Saussure 200:United States dollar coin 184: 172: 163: 155: 144: 135: 130: 122: 111: 102: 97: 89: 66: 58: 50: 42: 31: 24: 1820:American Palladium Eagle 333:to gain their approval. 1955:Continental dollar coin 1825:American Liberty (gold) 1815:American Platinum Eagle 1805:American Buffalo (gold) 421:In 1831, Mint Director 1975:Canceled denominations 1970:Obsolete denominations 1655:Federal Reserve System 418: 354: 257: 1950:Continental banknotes 1795:American Silver Eagle 1071:Julian, R.W. (1993). 417:A Class I 1804 dollar 416: 352: 255: 2031:Replacement banknote 1925:Bicentennial coinage 1660:Federal Reserve Note 1591:(1976, 1992–present) 1094:Taxay, Don (1983) . 1040:United States portal 291:Director of the Mint 218:has been suggested. 2020:Novus ordo seclorum 1965:Large denominations 1835:Current paper money 1810:First Spouse (gold) 1800:American Gold Eagle 1530:First Spouse (gold) 1173:Flowing Hair Dollar 1157:Flowing Hair Dollar 700:, pp. 207–208. 313:Ann Willing Bingham 274:Coinage Act of 1792 266:Flowing Hair dollar 216:Ann Willing Bingham 204:Flowing Hair dollar 21: 2069:1795 introductions 1945:Confederate dollar 1729:Mutilated currency 1026:Numismatics portal 419: 355: 328:Secretary of State 308:James Ross Snowden 258: 234:diplomatic mission 208:United States Mint 196:Draped Bust dollar 19: 2054: 2053: 1767:Half dollar (50¢) 1604: 1603: 1532:(2007–2016; 2020) 1188: 1187: 1179:Succeeded by 1142:978-0-7948-2767-0 1105:978-0-915262-68-7 1063:978-0-385-14207-6 494:Jacob R. Eckfeldt 480:and was taken to 324:George Washington 270:Philadelphia Mint 192: 191: 2096: 1935:Brasher Doubloon 1631: 1624: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1589:Silver Proof Set 1577:Special Mint Set 1384: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1191: 1190: 1170: 1169:Concurrent with: 1154:Preceded by 1151: 1150: 1146: 1134: 1120: 1109: 1090: 1073:Bowers, Q. David 1067: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1007: 992: 986: 980: 974: 965: 959: 953: 947: 934: 928: 909: 903: 892: 886: 877: 871: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 820: 811: 805: 799: 793: 778: 772: 766: 760: 754: 748: 733: 727: 718: 712: 701: 695: 689: 683: 677: 671: 654: 648: 642: 636: 630: 624: 618: 612: 591: 585: 579: 573: 560: 554: 545: 539: 470:diplomatic gifts 462:Sultan of Muscat 331:Thomas Jefferson 289:, who was named 180:in heraldic form 168: 140: 107: 90:Years of minting 22: 18: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2089:Eagles on coins 2059: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2036:Sales tax token 2006:E pluribus unum 2000:In God We Trust 1995:Coin production 1913: 1877: 1829: 1782:Bullion coinage 1776: 1739:Current coinage 1733: 1716:The Dalles Mint 1638: 1635: 1605: 1600: 1553: 1536:Palladium Eagle 1492: 1414: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1353: 1294:1¢ (large size) 1285: 1281: 1280: 1266: 1223: 1218: 1184: 1182:Gobrecht Dollar 1171: 1168: 1167: 1159: 1149: 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1091: 1085: 1068: 1062: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1029: 1015: 999: 996: 994: 993: 991:, p. 481. 981: 979:, p. 479. 966: 964:, p. 465. 954: 952:, p. 435. 935: 933:, p. 434. 910: 908:, p. 211. 893: 891:, p. 431. 878: 876:, p. 433. 851: 849:, p. 432. 839: 837:, p. 431. 827: 812: 800: 798:, p. 210. 779: 777:, p. 209. 767: 765:, p. 123. 755: 734: 719: 717:, p. 208. 702: 690: 686:Whittmore 1897 678: 655: 653:, p. 107. 643: 641:, p. 106. 631: 629:, p. 425. 619: 592: 590:, p. 219. 580: 561: 546: 533: 531: 528: 489: 486: 474:Washington Zoo 431:Edmund Roberts 427:Andrew Jackson 407:Main article: 404: 401: 359:Elias Boudinot 342: 339: 304:Gilbert Stuart 299: 296: 249: 246: 226:Elias Boudinot 212:Gilbert Stuart 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 174: 170: 169: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 146: 142: 141: 133: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 113: 109: 108: 100: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 84: 83: 77: 70: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 33: 29: 28: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2101: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 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1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1420:Commemorative 1417: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1183: 1176: 1174: 1165: 1158: 1152: 1144: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1086:0-943161-48-7 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050:Breen, Walter 1047: 1046: 1041: 1030: 1027: 1016: 1013: 1002: 990: 985: 978: 973: 971: 963: 958: 951: 946: 944: 942: 940: 932: 927: 925: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 907: 902: 900: 898: 890: 885: 883: 875: 870: 868: 866: 864: 862: 860: 858: 856: 848: 843: 836: 831: 825:, p. 46. 824: 819: 817: 810:, p. 45. 809: 804: 797: 792: 790: 788: 786: 784: 776: 771: 764: 759: 753:, p. 44. 752: 747: 745: 743: 741: 739: 732:, p. 43. 731: 726: 724: 716: 711: 709: 707: 699: 694: 688:, p. 80. 687: 682: 676:, p. 42. 675: 670: 668: 666: 664: 662: 660: 652: 647: 640: 635: 628: 623: 617:, p. 41. 616: 611: 609: 607: 605: 603: 601: 599: 597: 589: 584: 578:, p. 40. 577: 572: 570: 568: 566: 559:, p. 35. 558: 553: 551: 544:, p. 30. 543: 538: 534: 527: 525: 520: 514: 512: 507: 503: 499: 495: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 447:Adam Eckfeldt 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 415: 410: 400: 398: 394: 393:James Madison 389: 383: 381: 376: 372: 368: 362: 360: 351: 347: 338: 334: 332: 329: 325: 322: 318: 314: 309: 305: 295: 292: 288: 284: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 254: 245: 243: 239: 235: 230: 227: 224: 223:Mint Director 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 162: 158: 154: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 129: 125: 121: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 96: 92: 88: 82: 78: 76: 72: 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 54:39–40 mm 53: 49: 45: 41: 38: 34: 30: 26:United States 23: 2056: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1772:Dollar ($ 1) 1714: 1675:Philadelphia 1595:Prestige Set 1583:Souvenir Set 1558:Special sets 1524:Gold Buffalo 1506:Silver Eagle 1166:(1795–1804) 1162: 1130: 1125:Yeoman, R.S. 1115: 1095: 1076: 1053: 1012:Money portal 998:Bibliography 984: 957: 842: 830: 803: 770: 758: 693: 681: 646: 634: 622: 583: 537: 515: 497: 491: 466:King of Siam 451: 423:Samuel Moore 420: 403:1804 dollars 384: 375:yellow fever 363: 356: 344: 335: 301: 259: 242:1804 dollars 231: 220: 195: 193: 46:26.96 g 37:U.S. dollars 1752:Nickel (5¢) 1710:Manila Mint 1705:New Orleans 1690:Carson City 1650:U.S. dollar 1597:(1983–1997) 1585:(1972–1998) 1579:(1964–1967) 1544:(2010–2021) 1390:3¢ (bronze) 1367:2¢ (billon) 1314:5¢ (silver) 1309:3¢ (nickel) 1304:3¢ (silver) 1229:Circulating 989:Julian 1993 977:Julian 1993 962:Julian 1993 950:Julian 1993 931:Julian 1993 906:Yeoman 2010 874:Julian 1993 847:Julian 1993 835:Julian 1993 823:Julian 1993 808:Julian 1993 796:Yeoman 2010 775:Yeoman 2010 751:Julian 1993 730:Julian 1993 715:Yeoman 2010 698:Yeoman 2010 674:Julian 1993 615:Julian 1993 588:Julian 1993 576:Julian 1993 557:Julian 1993 542:Julian 1993 519:B. Max Mehl 506:electrotype 443:proof coins 409:1804 dollar 317:Robert Scot 238:proof coins 185:Design date 156:Design date 123:Design date 67:Composition 20:Bust Dollar 2063:Categories 1757:Dime (10¢) 1747:Penny (1¢) 1685:West Point 1512:Gold Eagle 1324:$ 1 (gold) 889:Breen 1988 763:Taxay 1983 651:Taxay 1983 639:Taxay 1983 627:Breen 1988 530:References 502:pantograph 488:Collecting 454:Indo-China 397:gold eagle 341:Production 283:numismatic 248:Background 178:bald eagle 150:bald eagle 2026:Nicknames 1960:Funnyback 1909:$ 100,000 1700:Dahlonega 1695:Charlotte 1665:U.S. Mint 1565:Proof Set 321:President 93:1795–1804 1904:$ 10,000 1571:Mint Set 1359:Canceled 1272:Obsolete 1127:(2010). 1052:(1988). 464:and the 388:Congress 115:Bust of 62:Lettered 51:Diameter 1918:Related 1899:$ 5,000 1894:$ 1,000 1498:Bullion 1380:⁄ 1284:⁄ 1175:(1795) 1075:(ed.). 478:Bangkok 378:on the 131:Reverse 117:Liberty 98:Obverse 1670:Denver 1643:Topics 1139:  1102:  1083:  1060:  524:graded 435:Muscat 298:Design 272:. The 173:Design 145:Design 112:Design 79:10.8% 73:89.2% 1889:$ 500 1873:$ 100 1488:2020s 1483:2010s 1478:2000s 1473:1990s 1468:1980s 1463:1970s 1458:1950s 1453:1940s 1448:1930s 1443:1920s 1438:1910s 1433:1900s 1428:1800s 1410:$ 100 1329:$ 2.5 482:Macao 458:Japan 278:alloy 198:is a 35:1.00 32:Value 1985:Mill 1868:$ 50 1863:$ 20 1858:$ 10 1405:$ 50 1349:$ 20 1344:$ 10 1137:ISBN 1100:ISBN 1081:ISBN 1058:ISBN 439:Siam 437:and 326:and 194:The 188:1798 159:1795 126:1795 59:Edge 43:Mass 1853:$ 5 1848:$ 2 1843:$ 1 1400:$ 4 1395:$ 2 1339:$ 5 1334:$ 3 1319:20¢ 1262:$ 1 1257:50¢ 1252:25¢ 1247:10¢ 2065:: 1299:2¢ 1242:5¢ 1237:1¢ 969:^ 938:^ 913:^ 896:^ 881:^ 854:^ 815:^ 782:^ 737:^ 722:^ 705:^ 658:^ 595:^ 564:^ 549:^ 176:A 148:A 81:Cu 75:Ag 1630:e 1623:t 1616:v 1385:¢ 1382:2 1378:1 1375:+ 1373:2 1289:¢ 1286:2 1282:1 1213:e 1206:t 1199:v 1145:. 1108:. 1089:. 1066:.

Index

U.S. dollars
Ag
Cu

Liberty

bald eagle

bald eagle
United States dollar coin
Flowing Hair dollar
United States Mint
Gilbert Stuart
Ann Willing Bingham
Mint Director
Elias Boudinot
diplomatic mission
proof coins
1804 dollars

United States silver dollar
Flowing Hair dollar
Philadelphia Mint
Coinage Act of 1792
alloy
numismatic
Henry William de Saussure
Director of the Mint
Gilbert Stuart
James Ross Snowden

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