1088:. Despite widespread support from sportswriters, the proposed rule change was voted down. Writer William Hershberger said that the decision showed "the limits of the Knickerbockers' influence and divisions within the baseball fraternity." The rule change was proposed to the NABBP annually by Adams but did not pass. At the 1858 NABBP convention, a vote on eliminating the bound rule was unsuccessful. Opponents raised concerns that the proposal would dramatically lengthen game times. Despite his support for the fly rule, in 1858 Adams successfully motioned for NABBP regulations, including outs on bounces, to apply to the Knickerbockers. He did so because he was reluctant to oppose the rules of the NABBP. Shortly after his motion, he organized a Knickerbockers meeting to discuss the fly rule and "obtain a reconsideration" of the newly passed resolution. At the meeting, the Knickerbockers decided to exclude outs on bounces from their practice games and contests against teams that supported the fly rule. In future years, the club remained an advocate of eliminating the bound rule, but Adams' continued efforts were rejected. A split in the rules and regulations committee caused it to avoid supporting the fly game at the NABBP's 1859 convention, and votes at the 1860 and 1861 conventions maintained the bound rule. Adams' final comments about the regulation at an NABBP convention indicated that he believed it would soon be modified. The bound rule started losing support by 1863, after Adams left the Knickerbockers, and outs on bounced balls were outlawed in 1864.
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the leader of a "Committee to Revive the
Constitution and By-Laws" of baseball in 1848. Adams was not chosen as an officer in 1851, but the next year was named one of the club's three treasurers; he was elected to the same position the following two years. The number of baseball teams in the New York City area started to grow during the early 1850s, as the Washington Base Ball Club (also known as the Gotham Ball Club) and Eagle Base Ball Club were founded or reorganized. The Eagle Base Ball Club, desiring a unified set of rules, sent a message to the Knickerbockers requesting that a committee be formed. Adams was one of the three Knickerbockers members selected to be on the committee, and the clubs agreed on a set of rules, which were presented at the Knickerbockers' meeting on April 1, 1854. At the same meeting, Adams was voted into the position of club director.
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He was only occasionally successful, and when few
Knickerbockers came, they played variants of baseball that required fewer players than regular games. Twice in June 1851, the club played against the Washington Base Ball Club, winning by scores of 21–11 and 22–20. No individual statistics are available for the first game; Adams scored twice for the Knickerbockers in the second. In 1853, Adams played in two games against the Gotham Ball Club, tallying seven runs in a pair of victories. The two clubs met three times from June to October 1854, and Adams had one run in each game. After splitting the first two contests, their October 26, 1854, game lasted 12 innings before being suspended due to darkness with the score tied 12–12; both teams fell short of the 21 runs that were required to win a game under the rules of the time.
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imprecise and variable measure, to gauge distances by 'stepping off'," and Adams described the rule as "rather vague." At the 1857 convention, it was decided that bases would be "securely fastened upon the four corners of a square whose sides are roughly thirty yards." As rules committee chairman for the new NABBP, Adams made the baselines 90 feet (27 m) from one base to another, the distance seen in modern baseball. He ruled on the distance between home plate and the pitcher's position as well, making them 45 feet (14 m) apart. In addition, the committee mandated that clubs have nine players per side, which became the norm. It also created the called strike rule, in an effort to reduce pitch totals and the time required to play games.
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traveled to
California and was no longer a member of the Knickerbockers. Adams is said to have avoided "campaigning for credit" for rules changes after he left the Knickerbockers; researcher Gary O'Maxfield said of him that he "didn't like to brag." Several of the rules approved at the conventions survived to modern baseball, including the 90-foot (27 m) baseline distance. The 45-foot (14 m) distance from home plate to the pitching mound, however, did not last through the 19th century; it was pushed back 5 feet (1.5 m) in 1880. The shortstop position, which for Adams was located between the infielders and outfielders, was later played in the infield, between second and third base.
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Among other changes, part of the rule Adams had written on game length was crossed out; the number nine was replaced with seven, before the motion that settled the issue was introduced. In March, the
Knickerbockers changed their rules to match those passed at the convention. In May 1857, Adams presided over a player convention where nine-inning games were officially made part of the rules of baseball for participating teams.
1126:. In 1871, he accepted a job with the Ridgefield Savings Bank (later renamed the Fairfield County Bank) as the company's first president. After working there until 1879, Adams took a break from his duties; during this time, he helped found Ridgefield's library and served as its treasurer. In 1884, he returned to the Ridgefield National Bank and remained president there until mid-1886. Adams and his family relocated to a house in
864:, 51–42. The club organized its first game against outside opposition in 1846; at a June 5 meeting Adams was selected to a three-man committee whose aim was to set up a game against the New York Base Ball Club. The committee's efforts were successful, and a game was scheduled on June 19. Adams participated in the contest, which the Knickerbockers lost 23–1. Batting second in the Knickerbockers'
1060:(NABBP) was formed at another convention. Adams was one of the Knickerbockers' two delegates, having been selected at a February meeting attended by representatives from 25 clubs. He held the chairmanship of the association's rules and regulations committee, and drafted the new organization's initial set of rules. These included a clarification of the prescribed distance between
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1861. During his time as the club's president, the
Knickerbockers' organization was emulated by newly formed teams, and Adams himself was considered a "respected" figure by members of other clubs. According to author Andrew J. Schiff, Adams was among the most powerful baseball figures of the era. Concurrently, Adams maintained his New York City medical practice.
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of higher-quality baseballs, Adams moved toward the infield, since the distance the balls could travel increased. Prior to the invention of the shortstop, large gaps existed in the defensive positioning of infields; defensive players tended to stand by bases, leaving empty space in between them for batters. The shortstop filled one of the two gaps.
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century baseball. They'll laugh at
Cartwright; Abner Doubleday, they won't even talk about; but they all know Doc Adams. He was the glue that held things together in the early part of baseball." Adams did not appear on a Baseball Hall of Fame ballot until 2016, when he was up for consideration on the Hall's
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Adams campaigned for a further change in the rules of baseball, involving when outs were recorded. At the time, an out was allowed when the ball was caught by a fielder after one bounce; this was known as the "bound rule". Adams supported a ban on such outs, calling his preferred rule "the fly-game".
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After again being named a director in 1855, Adams became president of the
Knickerbockers for the fourth time, winning an election held at the club's April 5, 1856, meeting. He remained the team's president in 1857, and after not being named as an officer the next three years, was elected president in
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The
Knickerbockers held elections annually to determine who would serve as officials. At the club's second election, held on May 5, 1846, Adams was named the Knickerbockers' vice president. At an April 1847 meeting, he became the president of the team, and was re-elected in 1848 and 1849. He was
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Following two
November games against the Eagle Base Ball Club that Adams is not known to have participated in, he returned to the Knickerbockers' lineup for a June 1, 1855, game against Gotham and scored three times, although Gotham prevailed, 21–12. He took part in two other 1855 games against Eagle
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The
Knickerbockers did not play any known games against other clubs from 1847 to 1850. During these years, the team split its players into two squads, which played against each other twice per week. According to Adams, he often attempted to compel members of the Knickerbockers to attend the sessions.
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Various historians have given Adams recognition as an important figure from the early years of baseball. Thorn has written that he "may be counted as first among the Fathers of Baseball." O'Maxfield said of Adams: "Without , we wouldn't have the game we know and love as baseball today." The "father"
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defensively, he contributed 12 runs offensively, including a six-run effort in the Knickerbockers' 37–23 victory over the Empire club on June 24. In 1858, Adams made four appearances for the Knickerbockers against outside opposition and scored nine runs, but the team went 1–3 in the games. He varied
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writer Andrew Dalton called such reports "somewhat speculative" in nature before 2016. That year, the 1857 "Laws of Base Ball" authored by Adams were sold at an auction. The documents were included in a batch of historical papers that brought $ 12,000 in a 1999 sale. Adams' authorship of the papers
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called "an upright script and strong hand." The "Laws" included regulations governing bat and ball sizes, and a ban on betting by players and umpires. Fellow Knickerbocker William H. Grenelle copied Adams' work onto blue pages, and modifications and notations were made as the convention progressed.
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to be called against a batter who refused to swing when "good pitches" were thrown to them. Previously, strikes were only called when a batter swung at a pitch and missed. Three batters were ruled out on strikes called by Adams in the game. Otherwise, the called strike rule was not applied often in
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were sometimes used. The outfielders had difficulty throwing baseballs into the infield, because of the balls' light weight. Adams' shortstop position, at which he started playing in about 1849 or 1850, was used to field throws from the outfielders and throw to the three infielders. With the advent
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through 1838, obtaining an MD. Following his time in college, he joined his father's medical practice. The pair worked in Mont Vernon, before the younger Adams relocated twice, first to Boston and then to New York City. Adams also worked for the New York Dispensaries, which provided medical care to
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was more widely recognized as a pioneering figure for the sport. The Baseball Hall of Fame has claimed that Cartwright was the inventor of 90-foot (27 m) baselines and the nine-inning game. However, by the time conventions led by Adams had enacted those rules in the late 1850s, Cartwright had
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performed flute duets. Although no longer actively involved in baseball, Adams was still a follower of the sport. He played in an exhibition as late as 1875, and stories exist that he played recreationally into the following decade. Late in his life, he said of the growth of baseball, "We pioneers
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Adams and Cornelia Cook married in 1861, and remained together until Adams' death. The couple had five children; the first, a son named Charles, died less than a month after his birth in 1864. The others, two sons (Frank and Roger) and two daughters (Catharine and Mary), were born between 1866 and
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In addition to his other roles, Adams regularly served as a delegate on behalf of the Knickerbockers at the NABBP's annual meetings. He remained with the Knickerbockers in an executive role until March 26, 1862, when he retired having served 12 years overall in various non-playing capacities. Upon
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A supporter of nine-man baseball teams, Adams favored a measure in 1856 which allowed for players from outside the Knickerbockers to join their intrasquad games when 17 or fewer team members appeared. No rules existed at the time regarding team size, but official games between clubs were typically
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Adams received an invitation to become a member of the Knickerbockers a month or so after the team's September 23, 1845, creation. He accepted and joined the club along with other men in the medical field; he later said that players from the New York Base Ball Club were behind the formation of the
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was scheduled for early 1857, and Adams joined a three-man committee tasked with encouraging local clubs to send delegates. At the convention, which consisted of one session each in January and February, Adams was voted president. The Knickerbockers had voted among themselves to back seven-inning
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announced that it had chosen Adams as its 2014 "Overlooked 19th Century Baseball Legend". Eric Miklich has called him worthy of induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame for his role as a pioneer. He says of Adams, "Should he be in the Hall of Fame? Absolutely. You ask anyone who knows about 19th
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and William F. Ladd were chosen as the committee members, but Ladd withdrew and Adams was named as a substitute. His partner on the committee, Curry, had led the opposition to nine-man teams. Adams and Curry also differed on another issue: the length of games. At the time, a baseball game lasted
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in significant games. One notable example was the final contest of a three-game series between all-star teams from Brooklyn and New York City, held on September 10, 1858, in Long Island. During the game, which the New York City all-stars won 29–18, Adams became the first umpire to use a new rule
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and Gotham, respectively, scoring five runs total as the Knickerbockers won both contests. Adams competed four times for the club against outside opponents in 1856 as it won once, lost twice, and had one tie; he scored ten times, and records for two games showed that his defensive position was
708:. He first played for the New York Base Ball Club in 1840 and started his Knickerbockers career five years later, continuing to play for the club into his forties and to take part in inter-squad practice games and matches against opposing teams. Researchers have called Adams the creator of the
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had been set at "forty-two paces" between home plate and second base, and "forty-two paces, equidistant" between first and third base. Historians differ on whether the bases were roughly 90 feet (27 m) apart, or a shorter distance. Thorn has written that the pace itself may have been "an
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was unknown at the time, but was confirmed after the owner brought the documents to the attention of an auction house in 2015. An anonymous buyer purchased the "Laws of Base Ball" in April 2016 for $ 3.26 million, the most a series of baseball documents had ever sold for.
836:, Adams said that "soon after going to New York I began to play base ball just for exercise, with a number of other young medical men." Starting in 1840, he was a player with the New York Base Ball Club. This team had been founded in 1837, eight years earlier than the
938:. Little is known about the relative performance of early baseball players, and the game was largely recreational, as opposed to competitive. Thorn speculates that Adams may have been "the best player of the 1840s", citing his lengthy playing career as evidence.
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From 1847 to 1861, the Knickerbockers selected Adams as their president six times, and as a vice president, treasurer, or director in six other years. As president of the club, Adams was an advocate of rule changes in baseball that resulted in nine-man teams and
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researcher Freddy Berowski. In the first five years the Knickerbockers played, the team fielded anywhere from eight to eleven players. The only infielders were the players covering each of the bases; if there were more than eight players, extra
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until one of the teams had 21 runs; that team was awarded the victory. A change in how games were won was deemed necessary after the suspended game in 1854. Adams favored nine-inning games, while Curry wanted contests to last seven innings. A
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Knickerbockers. Records of the club's practice games indicate that he was a member of the Knickerbockers by November 18, 1845. In an inter-squad game held that day, which was the Knickerbockers' last of the year, Adams scored nine
744:. He resigned from his positions with the Knickerbockers and NABBP in 1862. Adams' contributions in creating baseball's rules went largely unrecognized for decades after his 1899 death, but in 1980 a letter about him appeared in
765:, Adams began working in the medical field in the late 1830s, and practiced in New York City during his time as a member of the Knickerbockers. In 1865, he left medicine and later became a bank president and member of the
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said attempted "to try to set the record straight." The newspaper ran the letter in its April 13 issue, and added a 1939 piece by Roger Adams. In 1993, Thorn published research on Adams' contributions in the encyclopedia
840:, who are credited in several baseball histories as pioneering the modern version of baseball. Adams played an early form of the game, but Thorn writes that he "understood to be baseball, no matter what it was called".
954:, Adams' ball-manufacturing efforts helped to keep the Knickerbockers in operation during their first few years, as they would otherwise have had difficulty finding balls. In later years Adams gathered rubber from old
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For decades after Adams' death, his role in codifying baseball's early rules was largely unremembered. Thorn included Adams among a group of "powerfully influential figures" from the period—also including
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and Nancy Adams' five children. The elder Daniel Adams was a physician and author; he wrote a math textbook that was widely used in the United States in the early- to mid-1800s. After being schooled at
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affected New York City. For providing vaccinations, Adams received yearly pay of $ 400 for a time. His field of employment gave rise to his nickname of "Doc", which was given as "Dock" at the time.
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to create the balls. As late as 1863, Adams was one of the three most prominent makers of baseballs in New York, continuing to produce them by hand. Adams also played a role in producing
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for a period of time, supplying many New York City-based clubs. Adams found that when the ball was more tightly stitched, it traveled further when batted or thrown. According to author
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1874. Adams continued to maintain his medical practice during his baseball career, but was forced to abandon it in 1865 after he began suffering health issues. After relocating to
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published an article on Adams on September 23, 2015. Mont Vernon holds an annual baseball game in honor of Adams, which incorporates the rules of his era, as a part of the town's
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should be 90 feet (27 m) apart, the modern distance, and supported the elimination of the "bound rule", which allowed for balls caught after one bounce to be recorded as
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played with nine men per club. The proposal was defeated by a 13–11 vote, in favor of a rule forbidding non-club members to play if there were 14 players (seven per team).
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had written about Adams' role. Other historians have given him credit for helping to develop the sport, and Thorn has called Adams "first among the Fathers of Baseball".
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upon his graduation in 1835. Nancy Adams, Daniel's sister, indicated in a letter penned in the early 1830s that he began playing with "bats and balls" by this time.
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A two-man committee was created with the aim of working with the Eagle and Washington clubs to resolve the debate over how many players to field in official games.
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Thayer, William Roscoe; Castle, William Richards; Howe, Mark Antony De Wolfe; Pier, Arthur Stanwood; De Voto, Bernard Augustine; Morrison, Theodore (March 1899).
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The Knickerbockers attempted to introduce the fly rule more widely at the 1857 convention, with a proposal that permitted the continued use of the bound rule for
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884:. The Knickerbockers had a 2–2 win–loss record in competitive games during 1857 that Adams participated in. Playing three times at shortstop and once at
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label was rejected by Ryczek; he wrote that Adams did not conceive the sport, but called him a "collaborator" in its development. On July 31, 2014, the
1114:, Connecticut, he went on to become "one of the leading citizens of the Connecticut village," according to author William J. Ryczek. Adams served as a
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for the town in 1870. He contributed to the creation of the Ridgefield Land Improvement Association, and to a committee overseeing construction of a
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of Ball Players", alluding to a mythical king known for offering advice. Adams also resigned from his role as rules committee chairman of the NABBP.
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player and executive who is regarded by historians as an important figure in the sport's early years. For most of his career he was a member of the
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invented baseball in 1839, which are considered flawed by modern researchers, were reported by the media. After the Doubleday reports in 1980,
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was hit a fielder would have to catch the ball before it touched the ground for an out to be made. This was similar to rules on catches in
736:(NABBP) was formed in 1858, he led the rules and regulations committee of the new organization. In his role, Adams ruled that the fields'
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leaving his position, the club named him an honorary member. He received a scroll from the Knickerbockers, which referred to him as "The
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These changes were incorporated in the "Laws of Base Ball", written by Adams. He authored the initial draft of the regulations with what
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In addition to playing the game, Adams was involved in the production of early baseball equipment. He personally manufactured
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and Wheaton—who he writes "went unrecognized in their lifetimes and became mysteries to future generations."
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Duncan Curry and Adams were on opposite sides of the Knickerbockers' debates on roster size and game length.
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points to 1980 as a year when Adams started to gain greater attention for his achievements. A share of the
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Along with baseball, playing music was among Adams' favorite activities. Occasionally, he and
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Base Ball Founders: The Clubs, Players and Cities of the Northeast That Established the Game
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Site does not support direct linking. Search for "Adams" under "Last Name" to find results.
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Adams hit left-handed; he said that his batted balls occasionally went into a river by the
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Media reports that Abner Doubleday invented baseball led to a story on Adams appearing in
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As a player, Adams created the concept of the shortstop position, according to Thorn and
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Thorn, John (1993). "The True Father of Baseball". In Thorn, John; Palmer, Pete (eds.).
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in the formerly unoccupied territory convinced other teams to employ similar tactics.
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1417:"Randall Beach: Take Me Out to the Gentle Game, With 'Doc' Adams and No Muffin Ball"
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never expected to see the game so universal as it has now become." Adams contracted
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games, but the other teams backed a motion for nine-inning contests, which passed.
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2263:"Back on the Auction Block, a 19th-Century Document Essential to Baseball's Rules"
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But Didn't We Have Fun?: An Informal History of Baseball's Pioneer Era, 1843–1870
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Before They Were Cardinals: Major League Baseball in Nineteenth-Century St. Louis
2167:"SABR 44: Doc Adams Selected as Overlooked 19th Century Baseball Legend for 2014"
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Baseball's First Inning: A History of the National Pastime Through the Civil War
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Adams has been credited as the creator of the shortstop position (highlighted).
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830:, 1839 is the year Adams became a baseball player. In an 1896 interview in
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Adams standing in the middle of a group of New York Knickerbockers in 1859
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2796:"'Laws of Base Ball' Documents Dated 1857 Establish New Founder of Sport"
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Hershberger, Richard (Spring 2013). "The Base Ball Convention of 1857".
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was the first player to field in that area, and his ability to prevent
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Baseball in the Garden of Eden: The Secret History of the Early Game
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Schaefer, Robert H. (Fall 2009). "The Legend of the Lively Ball".
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The General Catalogue and a Brief History of Kimball Union Academy
2534:"Group Hoping to Get Former Ridgefielder Adams Into Baseball Hall"
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received a letter from the great-great-grandson of Adams that the
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The Baseball: Stunts, Scandals, and Secrets Beneath the Stitches
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781:, New Hampshire, on November 1, 1814, Adams was the fourth of
3293:"Efforts Ramp Up to Get CT Baseball Legend Into Hall of Fame"
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The Knickerbockers during a practice session, as depicted by
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Thorn, John (2015). "The Making of Baseball's Magna Carta".
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poor residents. He offered his assistance when outbreaks of
1553:"Late Rally for Doc Adams, a Jeter Before There Were Mitts"
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Biographical Dictionary of American Sports: Baseball (A–F)
2822:"'Laws of Base Ball' Bought in Auction for $ 3.26 Million"
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700:(November 1, 1814 – January 3, 1899) was an American
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1742:
2898:. Claremont, New Hampshire: Claremont Manufacturing Co.
2490:
2439:
2437:
2435:
1971:
1947:
3087:"The Father of Baseball": A Biography of Henry Chadwick
2606:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2410:
2408:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1913:
1911:
1718:
1471:"Doc Adams Finally Recognized As A Founder Of Baseball"
1291:
3090:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
3040:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
2996:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company.
2770:"You Are the Father: Who is Doc Adams, Baseball's Dad"
2582:
2236:
2224:
2185:
1819:
1817:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1052:
Distance between bases and campaign against bound rule
3195:
Total Baseball: The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Baseball
2644:
2432:
2043:
1778:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
986:
2856:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press.
2718:
2594:
2473:
2405:
2381:
2321:
2144:
2132:
2091:
2031:
2007:
1983:
1935:
1908:
1706:
1367:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1007:
3374:
Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
2870:
2739:"All 10 Hall of Fame Veteran Candidates Fall Short"
2357:
2315:
2297:
2200:
2126:
2114:
2085:
2067:
2061:
2019:
1814:
1796:
1766:
1736:
1700:
1688:
1615:
1520:
1349:
712:position, which he used to field short throws from
3253:
3012:
2877:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
1658:
1627:
16:American baseball player and executive (1814–1899)
3255:"Mailbox: On Baseball When the Game Was Very New"
3108:History of the Town of Mont Vernon, New Hampshire
2376:Morris, Ryczek, Finkel, Levin & Malatzky 2013
1653:Morris, Ryczek, Finkel, Levin & Malatzky 2013
1502:"Doc Adams Helped Shape Baseball's Earliest Days"
1398:Morris, Ryczek, Finkel, Levin & Malatzky 2013
1266:
3315:
3211:
2632:. Associated Press. January 25, 1980. p. 14
1929:
1597:"Pioneer's Relative Fights For His HOF Election"
105:Player and executive for New York Knickerbockers
3197:(3 ed.). New York City: Harper Perennial.
1886:"'Doc' Adams Legacy; The Position of Shortstop"
1855:"The Ridgefield Man Who Helped Invent Baseball"
860:for his team as they defeated a side picked by
209:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
3262:(Sunday ed.). p. 2-S, web 325 of 505
2161:
2159:
1504:. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
941:
720:production; he also occasionally acted as an
670:
3251:
2934:
2426:
2339:
2291:
2218:
2972:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
2824:. ESPN. Associated Press. April 24, 2016.
2665:"King Of Diamond History Holds Court Here"
2156:
1464:
1462:
1333:. Society for American Baseball Research.
1073:Under the style of play he backed, when a
677:
663:
119:Helped institute rules changes in baseball
31:
2798:. ESPN. Associated Press. April 8, 2016.
2696:"Mont Vernon recognizes baseball founder"
2693:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1550:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1058:National Association of Base Ball Players
734:National Association of Base Ball Players
109:National Association of Base Ball Players
3054:
2662:
2257:
2253:
2251:
1965:
1546:
1544:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1153:
1011:
990:
904:
842:
3252:Adams Downey, Nathan (April 13, 1980).
3157:. New York City: Simon & Schuster.
2566:. Fairfield County Bank. Archived from
2510:"Connecticut General Assembly Database"
1599:. Major League Baseball. Archived from
1571:from the original on September 26, 2015
1551:Kilgannon, Corey (September 22, 2015).
1481:from the original on September 23, 2011
790:in New Hampshire from 1826 to 1828 and
3384:People from Mont Vernon, New Hampshire
3316:
3290:
3174:Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game
3083:
3057:Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game
3033:
3010:
2963:
2937:Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game
2910:
2891:
2767:
2724:
2650:
2531:
2484:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2414:
2399:
2387:
2327:
2150:
2138:
2049:
2013:
1989:
1977:
1917:
1883:
1852:
1829:
1808:
1784:
1760:
1748:
1724:
1712:
1583:
1535:
1508:from the original on November 17, 2018
1439:
1355:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1242:Society for American Baseball Research
473:Society for American Baseball Research
3192:
3171:
3147:
3123:
3104:
2749:from the original on December 8, 2015
2736:
2600:
2588:
2496:
2363:
2351:
2303:
2248:
2242:
2230:
2206:
2194:
2102:
2073:
2037:
2025:
2001:
1953:
1941:
1884:Miller, Robert (September 26, 2009).
1853:Miller, Robert (September 26, 2009).
1823:
1772:
1676:
1664:
1640:
1621:
1541:
1468:
1427:from the original on December 7, 2013
1414:
1403:
1297:
1285:
973:Adams also worked occasionally as an
769:. He and his wife had five children.
320:World Baseball Softball Confederation
3349:19th-century Connecticut politicians
2892:Geroud, Samuel Lankton, ed. (1880).
2849:
2788:
2737:Ortiz, Jorge L. (December 7, 2015).
2706:from the original on October 4, 2018
2694:Cleveland, Kathy (October 4, 2018).
2612:
1594:
1247:Pre-Integration Era Committee ballot
1120:Connecticut House of Representatives
381:European Baseball Championship Women
350:South American Baseball Championship
3359:Baseball players from New Hampshire
2871:Freyer, John; Rucker, Mark (2005).
2828:from the original on April 27, 2016
2675:from the original on March 28, 2013
2663:Holtzman, Jerome (April 13, 1993).
2273:from the original on March 17, 2016
2173:from the original on August 9, 2014
1865:from the original on April 26, 2016
1499:
1303:
798:for two years, then transferred to
13:
3225:. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf.
2802:from the original on April 8, 2016
2772:. Associated Press. Archived from
987:Knickerbockers and NABBP executive
983:its first few years of existence.
889:his defensive positioning between
360:Baseball at the Pan American Games
14:
3400:
3339:19th-century American legislators
3240:
3130:The National Game: Second Edition
3111:. Boston: Blanchard Printing Co.
2768:Dalton, Andrew (April 23, 2016).
1896:from the original on June 3, 2012
1469:Amore, Dom (September 10, 2011).
1337:from the original on May 17, 2012
1328:
1008:Number of players and game length
821:
3334:19th-century American physicians
3222:Baseball: An Illustrated History
1595:Post, Paul (November 27, 2015).
958:for the insides of baseballs. A
900:
826:According to baseball historian
335:Africa Cup Baseball Championship
3379:New York Knickerbockers players
2920:. New York City: Anchor Books.
2843:
2814:
2761:
2730:
2687:
2656:
2618:
2556:
2525:
2502:
1877:
1415:Beach, Randall (July 9, 2011).
1374:The Harvard Graduates' Magazine
809:Adams continued his studies at
111:rules and regulations committee
3291:Ofgang, Erik (March 6, 2015).
3276:"Dr Daniel Lucius "Doc" Adams"
1493:
1361:
376:European Baseball Championship
1:
3369:Harvard Medical School alumni
3344:19th-century baseball players
3105:Smith, Charles James (1907).
2626:"Doubleday to Invest in Mets"
2532:Murphy, Tim (July 26, 2012).
1260:
1104:
1091:
772:
483:Major League Baseball seasons
355:Oceania Baseball Championship
2968:. In Porter, David L (ed.).
426:Nippon Professional Baseball
7:
3034:Ryczek, William J. (2009).
2512:. Connecticut State Library
340:Asian Baseball Championship
10:
3405:
3084:Schiff, Andrew J. (2008).
942:Equipment maker and umpire
345:Women's Baseball Asian Cup
330:Women's Baseball World Cup
314:International competitions
61:Mont Vernon, New Hampshire
2874:Peverelly's National Game
1149:
872:and did not score a run.
115:
101:
87:
68:
42:
30:
23:
3299:. New Haven, Connecticut
3019:. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
2964:Husman, John R. (2000).
2850:Cash, Jon David (2002).
2316:Freyer & Rucker 2005
2127:Freyer & Rucker 2005
2115:Freyer & Rucker 2005
2086:Freyer & Rucker 2005
2062:Freyer & Rucker 2005
1797:Freyer & Rucker 2005
1737:Freyer & Rucker 2005
1701:Freyer & Rucker 2005
1689:Freyer & Rucker 2005
1130:, Connecticut, in 1888.
1056:In March 1858, the
159:1845 to 1868 in baseball
838:New York Knickerbockers
767:Connecticut legislature
706:New York Knickerbockers
386:European Cup (baseball)
134:Part of a series on the
121:Credited as creator of
3389:Yale University alumni
3011:Morris, Peter (2008).
2966:"Adams, Daniel Lucius"
2294:, pp. 33, 37, 41.
1163:
1017:
996:
910:
852:
811:Harvard Medical School
802:, where he acquired a
763:Harvard Medical School
750:; by 1993, researcher
325:World Baseball Classic
96:Harvard Medical School
80:New Haven, Connecticut
2354:, pp. 28, 35–36.
2261:(February 28, 2016).
1930:Ward & Burns 1994
1679:, pp. 30–31, 36.
1157:
1015:
994:
915:Baseball Hall of Fame
908:
846:
788:Kimball Union Academy
468:Baseball Hall of Fame
438:Negro league baseball
414:Major League Baseball
3297:Connecticut Magazine
2630:The Montreal Gazette
2570:on November 10, 2014
2538:The Ridgefield Press
2004:, pp. 116, 119.
1203:Nelson Doubleday Jr.
1173:Alexander Cartwright
1142:following a bout of
462:(documentary series)
179:Alexander Cartwright
3364:Baseball shortstops
3354:Baseball developers
3247:Doc Adams Base Ball
3125:Spink, Alfred Henry
2615:, pp. 13, 210.
2544:on October 17, 2013
2499:, pp. 256–257.
2470:, pp. 177–178.
2458:, pp. 175–177.
2402:, pp. 174–175.
1956:, pp. 105–106.
1811:, pp. 229–233.
1763:, pp. 227–228.
1751:, pp. 226–227.
1300:, pp. 255–256.
1197:was purchased by a
1066:Knickerbocker Rules
453:Baseball color line
164:Knickerbocker Rules
140:History of baseball
47:Daniel Lucius Adams
3260:The New York Times
2267:The New York Times
1980:, pp. 10, 31.
1655:, pp. 46, 49.
1557:The New York Times
1421:New Haven Register
1230:The New York Times
1215:The New York Times
1199:publishing company
1169:Louis F. Wadsworth
1164:
1160:The New York Times
1135:Henry Ward Beecher
1118:legislator in the
1040:The New York Times
1018:
997:
911:
862:William R. Wheaton
853:
747:The New York Times
367:(1992–2008, 2020–)
247:Dominican Republic
169:Massachusetts Game
3232:978-0-679-40459-0
3213:Ward, Geoffrey C.
3204:978-0-06-273189-0
3164:978-0-7432-9403-4
3140:978-0-8093-2304-3
3097:978-0-7864-3216-5
3069:10.3172/BB.3.2.88
3047:978-0-7864-4194-5
3026:978-1-56663-849-4
3003:978-0-7864-7430-1
2979:978-0-313-31174-1
2927:978-0-307-47545-9
2884:978-0-7385-3404-6
2863:978-0-8262-1401-0
2776:on April 27, 2016
2591:, pp. 83–84.
2429:, pp. 41–42.
2259:Sandomir, Richard
2245:, pp. 91–92.
2233:, pp. 52–53.
2197:, pp. 51–52.
2129:, pp. 16–19.
2088:, pp. 13–14.
2064:, pp. 11–13.
1968:, pp. 88–89.
1727:, pp. 30–31.
1703:, pp. 12–13.
897:, and shortstop.
833:The Sporting News
804:bachelor's degree
687:
686:
530:Vintage base ball
463:
448:Women in baseball
129:
128:
3396:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3257:
3236:
3208:
3189:
3168:
3144:
3120:
3101:
3080:
3051:
3030:
3018:
3007:
2983:
2960:
2931:
2907:
2888:
2867:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2540:. Archived from
2529:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2430:
2427:Hershberger 2013
2424:
2418:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2340:Hershberger 2013
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2292:Hershberger 2013
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2255:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2219:Hershberger 2013
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1850:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:on June 25, 2016
1592:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1475:Hartford Courant
1466:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1326:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1254:Associated Press
1190:Hartford Courant
1045:Richard Sandomir
930:, the ground in
732:games. When the
679:
672:
665:
520:British baseball
478:Baseball by year
461:
396:Caribbean Series
204:First pro league
131:
130:
75:
57:November 1, 1814
56:
54:
37:Adams circa 1870
35:
21:
20:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3314:
3313:
3302:
3300:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3243:
3233:
3205:
3165:
3141:
3098:
3048:
3027:
3004:
2980:
2949:10.3172/BB.7.28
2928:
2885:
2864:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2700:Milford Cabinet
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2669:Chicago Tribune
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2603:, pp. 5–7.
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2105:, pp. 6–7.
2101:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1932:, pp. 4–5.
1928:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1500:Francis, Bill.
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1467:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1327:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1267:
1263:
1211:Abner Doubleday
1205:that year, and
1152:
1107:
1094:
1054:
1026:Duncan F. Curry
1010:
989:
978:allowing for a
944:
903:
849:Homer Davenport
824:
800:Yale University
796:Amherst College
775:
759:Yale University
683:
653:Baseball portal
647:
646:
607:Danish longball
498:
488:
487:
409:
401:
400:
365:Summer Olympics
315:
307:
306:
227:
219:
218:
149:
120:
106:
94:
92:Yale University
88:Alma mater
83:
77:
73:
72:January 3, 1899
64:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3310:
3309:
3288:
3278:. Find a Grave
3272:
3249:
3242:
3241:External links
3239:
3238:
3237:
3231:
3209:
3203:
3190:
3169:
3163:
3145:
3139:
3121:
3102:
3096:
3081:
3052:
3046:
3031:
3025:
3008:
3002:
2984:
2978:
2961:
2932:
2926:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2813:
2787:
2760:
2729:
2717:
2686:
2655:
2653:, p. 227.
2643:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2564:"Bank History"
2555:
2524:
2501:
2489:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2446:, p. 175.
2431:
2419:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2184:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2052:, p. 181.
2042:
2040:, p. 116.
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1944:, p. 106.
1934:
1922:
1907:
1890:The News-Times
1876:
1859:The News-Times
1828:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1787:, p. 228.
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1626:
1614:
1582:
1540:
1519:
1492:
1438:
1402:
1387:
1370:"Non-Academic"
1360:
1348:
1302:
1290:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1225:Total Baseball
1151:
1148:
1106:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1064:, which under
1053:
1050:
1009:
1006:
988:
985:
943:
940:
928:Elysian Fields
902:
899:
868:, he made one
823:
822:Playing career
820:
774:
771:
757:A graduate of
685:
684:
682:
681:
674:
667:
659:
656:
655:
649:
648:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
603:
602:
597:
587:
582:
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572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
511:
510:
499:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
480:
475:
470:
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455:
450:
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440:
435:
434:
433:
423:
422:
421:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
393:
391:WBSC Premier12
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
316:
313:
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309:
308:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
214:Team nicknames
211:
206:
201:
199:First pro team
196:
191:
189:Doubleday myth
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
136:
135:
127:
126:
117:
116:Known for
113:
112:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
78:
76:(aged 84)
70:
66:
65:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3401:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3303:September 29,
3298:
3294:
3289:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:(1): 90–100.
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2988:Morris, Peter
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2727:, p. 36.
2726:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2487:, p. 35.
2486:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2417:, p. 54.
2416:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2390:, p. 67.
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2366:, p. 51.
2365:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2342:, p. 33.
2341:
2336:
2330:, p. 34.
2329:
2324:
2318:, p. 18.
2317:
2312:
2306:, p. 53.
2305:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2221:, p. 32.
2220:
2215:
2209:, p. 52.
2208:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:, p. 47.
2152:
2147:
2141:, p. 67.
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2117:, p. 15.
2116:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2076:, p. 35.
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2028:, p. 75.
2027:
2022:
2016:, p. 71.
2015:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1992:, p. 94.
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1966:Schaefer 2009
1962:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1920:, p. 48.
1919:
1914:
1912:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1826:, p. 33.
1825:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1799:, p. 16.
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1775:, p. 56.
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1739:, p. 14.
1738:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1715:, p. 45.
1714:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 11.
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1624:, p. 30.
1623:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
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1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:, p. 18.
1399:
1394:
1392:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1358:, p. 61.
1357:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1329:Thorn, John.
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
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1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:New York Mets
1192:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:Dickey Pearce
1174:
1170:
1161:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
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1063:
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1035:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1005:
1001:
993:
984:
981:
976:
971:
969:
968:baseball bats
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
939:
937:
933:
929:
924:
921:
916:
907:
901:Playing style
898:
896:
892:
887:
883:
877:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
850:
845:
841:
839:
835:
834:
829:
819:
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764:
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749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Daniel Lucius
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
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643:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Over-the-line
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:Related games
492:
491:
484:
481:
479:
476:
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469:
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292:United States
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102:Occupation(s)
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
81:
71:
67:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3311:
3301:. Retrieved
3296:
3280:. Retrieved
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3221:
3194:
3177:
3173:
3153:
3129:
3107:
3086:
3063:(2): 88–98.
3060:
3056:
3036:
3014:
2992:
2969:
2943:(1): 28–44.
2940:
2936:
2916:
2912:Hample, Zack
2894:
2873:
2852:
2844:Bibliography
2830:. Retrieved
2816:
2804:. Retrieved
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2742:
2732:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2699:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2668:
2658:
2646:
2636:November 14,
2634:. Retrieved
2629:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2574:September 4,
2572:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2542:the original
2537:
2527:
2514:. Retrieved
2504:
2492:
2463:
2451:
2422:
2395:
2383:
2378:, p. 3.
2371:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2266:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2175:. Retrieved
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1898:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1858:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1667:, p. 5.
1660:
1648:
1643:, p. 6.
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1573:. Retrieved
1556:
1538:, p. 5.
1512:February 10,
1510:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:November 28,
1483:. Retrieved
1474:
1429:. Retrieved
1420:
1378:. Retrieved
1373:
1363:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1293:
1288:, p. 7.
1251:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1188:
1186:
1165:
1159:
1132:
1108:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1055:
1038:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1002:
998:
972:
952:Peter Morris
945:
925:
912:
878:
874:
854:
831:
825:
808:
776:
756:
745:
726:
697:
693:
689:
688:
617:Bat and trap
458:
443:Cuban League
408:Other topics
194:First league
183:
74:(1899-01-03)
18:
3329:1899 deaths
3324:1814 births
3266:October 19,
3149:Thorn, John
2725:Ryczek 2009
2651:Morris 2008
2485:Ryczek 2009
2468:Ryczek 2009
2456:Ryczek 2009
2444:Ryczek 2009
2415:Schiff 2008
2400:Ryczek 2009
2388:Morris 2008
2328:Ryczek 2009
2151:Schiff 2008
2139:Ryczek 2009
2050:Ryczek 2009
2014:Morris 2008
1990:Hample 2011
1978:Morris 2008
1918:Schiff 2008
1900:December 2,
1809:Ryczek 2009
1785:Ryczek 2009
1761:Ryczek 2009
1749:Ryczek 2009
1725:Morris 2008
1713:Ryczek 2009
1536:Husman 2000
1380:January 17,
1356:Geroud 1880
1331:"Doc Adams"
1234:Lamson Farm
920:outfielders
891:second base
779:Mont Vernon
714:outfielders
565:Indian Ball
535:Wiffle ball
371:Asian Games
282:Puerto Rico
272:Netherlands
148:Early years
3318:Categories
3282:January 6,
3217:Burns, Ken
3117:1046505441
2601:Thorn 1993
2589:Thorn 2011
2497:Smith 1907
2364:Thorn 2011
2352:Thorn 2011
2304:Thorn 2011
2243:Thorn 2015
2231:Thorn 2011
2207:Thorn 2011
2195:Thorn 2011
2103:Thorn 1993
2074:Thorn 2011
2038:Thorn 2011
2026:Thorn 2011
2002:Thorn 2011
1954:Thorn 2011
1942:Thorn 2011
1824:Thorn 2011
1773:Spink 2000
1677:Thorn 2011
1665:Thorn 1993
1641:Thorn 1993
1622:Thorn 2011
1298:Smith 1907
1286:Thorn 1993
1261:References
1124:town house
1116:Republican
1112:Ridgefield
1105:Later life
1092:Retirement
1086:foul balls
1031:convention
962:then used
895:third base
886:first base
828:John Thorn
773:Early life
752:John Thorn
612:Schlagball
600:Comparison
595:Variations
508:Comparison
226:By country
107:Leader of
53:1814-11-01
3186:1934-2802
3127:(2000) .
3077:1934-2802
2957:1934-2802
2904:262469815
2743:USA Today
2613:Cash 2002
2177:April 29,
1565:0362-4331
1341:April 25,
1182:base hits
1144:influenza
1140:pneumonia
1128:New Haven
964:horsehide
948:baseballs
882:shortstop
710:shortstop
632:Pesäpallo
622:Brännboll
580:Stoolball
570:Stickball
515:Baseball5
297:Venezuela
277:Nicaragua
232:Australia
184:Doc Adams
174:Town ball
123:shortstop
25:Doc Adams
3219:(1994).
3151:(2011).
2914:(2011).
2826:Archived
2800:Archived
2780:June 21,
2747:Archived
2710:June 21,
2704:Archived
2679:March 4,
2673:Archived
2548:June 21,
2271:Archived
2171:Archived
1894:Archived
1869:June 21,
1863:Archived
1607:June 21,
1569:Archived
1506:Archived
1479:Archived
1431:June 21,
1425:Archived
1335:Archived
1162:in 1980.
1075:fly ball
956:galoshes
777:Born in
702:baseball
560:Fuzzball
555:Corkball
550:Tee-ball
525:Rounders
503:Softball
459:Baseball
125:position
2832:May 27,
2806:May 27,
2753:May 27,
2516:May 11,
2277:May 27,
1575:May 27,
1219:Courant
1201:led by
1079:cricket
936:pitcher
932:Hoboken
816:cholera
792:Amherst
590:Cricket
585:Old cat
575:Vitilla
431:vs. MLB
154:Origins
3229:
3201:
3184:
3161:
3137:
3115:
3094:
3075:
3044:
3023:
3000:
2976:
2955:
2924:
2902:
2881:
2860:
1563:
1207:claims
1150:Legacy
1099:Nestor
980:strike
975:umpire
960:tanner
866:lineup
783:Daniel
730:inning
722:umpire
642:Palant
419:minors
287:Taiwan
267:Mexico
237:Canada
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
1376:: 475
1236:Day.
1209:that
1062:bases
738:bases
728:nine-
698:Adams
637:Lapta
302:Other
262:Korea
257:Japan
252:Italy
3305:2015
3284:2019
3268:2018
3227:ISBN
3199:ISBN
3182:ISSN
3159:ISBN
3135:ISBN
3113:OCLC
3092:ISBN
3073:ISSN
3042:ISBN
3021:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2974:ISBN
2953:ISSN
2922:ISBN
2900:OCLC
2879:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2834:2018
2808:2018
2782:2022
2755:2018
2712:2020
2681:2018
2638:2020
2576:2016
2550:2022
2518:2016
2279:2018
2179:2018
1902:2011
1871:2022
1609:2022
1577:2018
1561:ISSN
1514:2019
1487:2011
1433:2022
1382:2012
1343:2012
1187:The
858:runs
761:and
742:outs
627:Oină
545:Elle
242:Cuba
69:Died
43:Born
3065:doi
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