422:
44:
536:
31:
582:
288:
337:
2556:
442:
392:
250:
The placement of
Hemimastigophora is uncertain. Some studies find it nested within the clades of Diaphoretickes, as the best supported hypothesis or a less-supported one. Others find it to be the sister group of all other Diaphoretickes, which under the
890:
Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G.B. (14 November 2018). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes".
653:
hizarians. Diaphoretickes has been called the SAR/HA Supergroup or "Corticata with
Rhizaria". According to this description, it includes most of the species engaging in
2467:
2472:
2330:
252:
1025:"Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa"
2597:
1278:
836:
Yazaki, Euki; Yabuki, Akinori; Imaizumi, Ayaka; Kume, Keitaro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji; et al. (2022).
172:
1312:
1096:"Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups""
2616:
1307:
838:"The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris"
1391:
1381:
1364:
43:
421:
621:
In 2024, Hemimastigophora and
Provora were placed as sister to Diaphoretickes, together with Meteora.
2590:
246:
Klebs 1883 (Excavata). This is a branch-based definition in which all of the specifiers are extant.
236:
218:
941:
Torruella, Guifré; Galindo, Luis Javier; Moreira, David; López-García, Purificación (2024-05-15),
2621:
1396:
1271:
212:
942:
2626:
1359:
1064:
1020:
678:
2583:
1215:
1107:
899:
224:
188:
organisms, with over 400,000 species. The majority of the earth's biomass that carries out
944:
Phylogenomics of neglected flagellated protists supports a revised eukaryotic tree of life
8:
2174:
1958:
633:. (2008) as the "plants+HC+SAR megagroup". because it included plants (Archaeplastida),
552:
206:
2571:
1219:
1111:
903:
2184:
1376:
1354:
1342:
1317:
1264:
1238:
1203:
1179:
1154:
1130:
1095:
997:
972:
923:
864:
837:
813:
788:
787:
Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (September 2012).
761:
734:
94:
38:
2518:
2444:
2425:
2135:
1718:
1386:
1349:
1337:
1327:
1243:
1184:
1135:
1046:
1002:
927:
915:
869:
818:
804:
766:
2490:
2436:
2190:
1636:
1301:
1233:
1223:
1174:
1166:
1125:
1115:
1076:
1067:(January 2003). "Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa".
1036:
992:
984:
948:
907:
859:
849:
808:
800:
756:
746:
682:
283:
242:
119:
2122:
1155:"Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes"
973:"Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes"
2363:
1538:
1228:
1094:
Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (March 2009).
1041:
1024:
2567:
2459:
2449:
2413:
2388:
2077:
1868:
1769:
1500:
1100:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
739:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
706:
702:
694:
654:
577:
374:
189:
952:
911:
2610:
2495:
2294:
2286:
2116:
2037:
1977:
1888:
1862:
1591:
1204:"EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata"
662:
535:
417:
1120:
1080:
751:
2528:
2355:
2335:
2275:
2179:
2152:
2099:
2057:
2024:
1799:
1577:
1516:
1256:
1247:
1188:
1170:
1139:
1050:
1006:
988:
919:
873:
822:
770:
714:
705:. However, this description is obsolete, largely due to the discovery that
518:
230:
2419:
2345:
2197:
2161:
2141:
2089:
2063:
1953:
1901:
1874:
1856:
1829:
1596:
1465:
1454:
686:
581:
287:
30:
1023:, Chao EE, Snell EA, Berney C, Fiore-Donno AM, Lewis R (December 2014).
854:
336:
2500:
2324:
2315:
2300:
2168:
2105:
1964:
1925:
1920:
1806:
1723:
1618:
1530:
658:
200:
In 2012 Diaphoretickes received the following phylogenetic definition:
1153:
Burki, Fabien; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran & Pawlowski, Jan (2008).
2399:
2340:
2048:
2013:
1971:
1948:
1930:
1817:
1753:
1628:
1505:
1448:
1435:
1287:
710:
690:
674:
531:
508:
437:
362:
185:
55:
2406:
2368:
2269:
2246:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1710:
1585:
1460:
1443:
1421:
1371:
940:
698:
670:
404:
387:
332:
2555:
2522:
2257:
2094:
1940:
1847:
1836:
1700:
1606:
1562:
1470:
1202:
Kim, E.; Graham, LE (Jul 2008). Redfield, Rosemary Jeanne (ed.).
590:
441:
391:
310:
2563:
2115:
1912:
1642:
1544:
1486:
1152:
970:
666:
161:
2482:
1019:
1739:
349:
149:
140:
134:
128:
971:
Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Pawlowski J (August 2008).
155:
835:
693:. The megagroup was previously described as the sum of
173:
164:
158:
137:
122:
228:(Linnaeus) Heynhold, 1842 (Archaeplastida), but not
152:
146:
125:
889:
786:
143:
1093:
732:
1201:
2608:
2435:
1063:
258:Diaphoretickes includes the following groups:
2591:
1272:
1195:
681:'s hypothesis about the common origin of the
1286:
2151:
733:Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R (June 2018).
131:
2598:
2584:
1279:
1265:
1146:
885:
883:
789:"The revised classification of eukaryotes"
29:
1529:
1237:
1227:
1178:
1129:
1119:
1040:
996:
863:
853:
812:
782:
780:
760:
750:
1434:
255:definition falls within Diaphoretickes.
1419:
880:
629:Diaphoretickes was identified by Burki
210:Moestrup & Sengco 2001 (Rhizaria),
2609:
2537:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
793:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
777:
1260:
1029:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
216:Nanney & McCoy 1976 (Alveolata),
2550:
624:
204:The most inclusive clade containing
735:"The biomass distribution on Earth"
13:
14:
2638:
2554:
1069:European Journal of Protistology
805:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
580:
534:
440:
420:
390:
335:
286:
222:Cleve 1873 (Stramenopiles), and
118:
42:
2016:
2012:
1772:
1768:
1087:
1057:
1013:
964:
934:
829:
726:
234:Linnaeus 1758 (Opisthokonta),
1:
720:
2570:. You can help Knowledge by
1229:10.1371/journal.pone.0002621
195:
7:
1042:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012
192:belongs to Diaphoretickes.
10:
2643:
2549:
240:Raper 1935 (Amoebozoa) or
2513:
2481:
2458:
2385:
2354:
2314:
2285:
2265:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2085:
2076:
2047:
2032:
2023:
2010:
2006:
1939:
1911:
1896:
1887:
1846:
1825:
1816:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1749:
1736:
1732:
1709:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1627:
1614:
1605:
1572:
1559:
1525:
1514:
1496:
1483:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1295:
953:10.1101/2024.05.15.594285
912:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8
575:
549:
529:
522:
512:
435:
415:
408:
385:
378:
360:
353:
330:
323:
308:
301:
281:
274:
267:
100:
93:
86:
81:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
1742:
1738:
237:Dictyostelium discoideum
219:Thalassiosira pseudonana
1121:10.1073/pnas.0807880106
1081:10.1078/0932-4739-00002
752:10.1073/pnas.1711842115
213:Tetrahymena thermophila
2617:Bikont unranked clades
2566:-related article is a
1171:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224
989:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224
248:
184:) is a major group of
202:
225:Arabidopsis thaliana
2414:Gunflint microbiota
2175:Klebsormidiophyceae
1959:Hyphochytriomycetes
1220:2008PLoSO...3.2621K
1112:2009PNAS..106.3859H
904:2018Natur.564..410L
855:10.1098/rsob.210376
553:Microheliella maris
207:Bigelowiella natans
16:Taxon of eukaryotes
2185:Coleochaetophyceae
1565:
1561:
1489:
1485:
848:(210376): 210376.
709:, a refinement of
665:. It includes all
2579:
2578:
2544:
2543:
2509:
2508:
2445:Spironematellidae
2426:Meteora sporadica
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2310:
2309:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2136:Prasinodermophyta
2072:
2071:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1883:
1882:
1719:Centroplasthelida
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1555:
1554:
1479:
1478:
1106:(10): 3859–3864.
898:(7736): 410–414.
745:(25): 6506–6511.
657:, except for the
641:ryptomonads, and
625:Taxonomic history
618:
617:
609:
608:
600:
599:
564:
563:
498:
497:
489:
488:
480:
479:
471:
470:
462:
461:
453:
452:
111:
110:
77:
2634:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2558:
2551:
2491:Collodictyonidae
2437:Hemimastigophora
2433:
2432:
2392:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2191:Zygnematophyceae
2149:
2148:
2129:
2113:
2112:
2083:
2082:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1894:
1893:
1823:
1822:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1637:Choanoflagellata
1612:
1611:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1324:
1304:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1065:Cavalier-Smith T
1061:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1021:Cavalier-Smith T
1017:
1011:
1010:
1000:
968:
962:
961:
960:
959:
938:
932:
931:
887:
878:
877:
867:
857:
833:
827:
826:
816:
784:
775:
774:
764:
754:
730:
683:cortical alveoli
584:
538:
525:
524:
515:
514:
444:
424:
411:
410:
394:
381:
380:
356:
355:
339:
326:
325:
304:
303:
290:
284:Hemimastigophora
277:
276:
270:
269:
262:
261:
243:Euglena gracilis
180:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
72:
47:
46:
33:
21:
20:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2505:
2477:
2468:Ancyromonadidae
2454:
2431:
2386:
2373:
2364:Malawimonadidae
2350:
2306:
2281:
2245:
2204:
2147:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2068:
2043:
2011:
1982:
1935:
1907:
1879:
1842:
1812:
1767:
1758:
1737:
1728:
1705:
1690:
1649:
1623:
1601:
1560:
1551:
1515:
1510:
1484:
1475:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1322:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1255:
1200:
1196:
1159:Biology Letters
1151:
1147:
1092:
1088:
1062:
1058:
1018:
1014:
977:Biology Letters
969:
965:
957:
955:
939:
935:
888:
881:
834:
830:
785:
778:
731:
727:
723:
703:chromalveolates
649:lveolates, and
627:
619:
610:
601:
595:sensu lato
565:
499:
490:
481:
472:
463:
454:
265:Diaphoretickes
198:
178:
174:
121:
117:
71:
41:
24:Diaphoretickes
17:
12:
11:
5:
2640:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2622:Diaphoretickes
2619:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2559:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2521:excluded from
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2473:Planomonadidae
2470:
2464:
2462:
2460:Ancyromonadida
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2450:Paramastigidae
2447:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2389:Incertae sedis
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2078:Archaeplastida
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2018:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1869:Dinoflagellata
1865:
1863:Chrompodellida
1860:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1692:Diaphoretickes
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1425:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:Mesomycetozoea
1394:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1333:Diaphoretickes
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:classification
1284:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1194:
1165:(4): 366–369.
1145:
1086:
1075:(4): 338–348.
1056:
1012:
983:(4): 366–369.
963:
933:
879:
828:
799:(5): 429–493.
776:
724:
722:
719:
707:Chromalveolata
695:Archaeplastida
679:Cavalier-Smith
655:photosynthesis
645:tramenopiles,
626:
623:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
598:
597:
587:
586:
578:Archaeplastida
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
562:
561:
558:
557:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
528:
523:
521:
513:
511:
505:
504:
501:
500:
496:
495:
492:
491:
487:
486:
483:
482:
478:
477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
465:
464:
460:
459:
456:
455:
451:
450:
447:
446:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
414:
409:
407:
401:
400:
397:
396:
384:
379:
377:
371:
370:
367:
366:
359:
354:
352:
346:
345:
342:
341:
329:
324:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
307:
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
280:
275:
273:
268:
266:
260:
197:
194:
190:photosynthesis
114:Diaphoretickes
109:
108:
107:
106:
98:
97:
91:
90:
88:See cladogram
84:
83:
79:
78:
69:Diaphoretickes
66:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2639:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:¹traditional
2516:
2515:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Mantamonadida
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:Heterolobosea
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2287:Discicristata
2284:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2117:Viridiplantae
2114:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2038:Microheliella
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1979:
1978:Actinophryida
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Stramenopiles
1886:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Ichthyosporea
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:Rotosphaerida
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Apusomonadida
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Stramenopiles
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:(major groups
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
954:
950:
946:
945:
937:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
886:
884:
875:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
824:
820:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
783:
781:
772:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
729:
725:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
677:" comes from
676:
672:
669:that are not
668:
664:
663:Cyanobacteria
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
622:
614:
613:
605:
604:
596:
592:
589:
588:
585:
583:
579:
573:
572:
569:
568:
560:
559:
556:
555:
554:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
537:
533:
527:
526:
520:
517:
516:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
494:
493:
485:
484:
476:
475:
467:
466:
458:
457:
449:
448:
445:
443:
439:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
423:
419:
418:Stramenopiles
413:
412:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
393:
389:
383:
382:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
358:
357:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
338:
334:
328:
327:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
306:
305:
299:
298:
295:
294:
291:
289:
285:
279:
278:
272:
271:
264:
263:
259:
256:
254:
247:
245:
244:
239:
238:
233:
232:
227:
226:
221:
220:
215:
214:
209:
208:
201:
193:
191:
187:
183:
182:
169:
115:
105:
102:
101:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
80:
76:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2627:Bikont stubs
2572:expanding it
2561:
2546:
2534:
2529:paraphyletic
2424:
2405:
2387:
2356:Malawimonada
2336:Anaeromonada
2331:Anaeramoebae
2323:
2299:
2276:Tsukubamonas
2274:
2196:
2189:
2180:Charophyceae
2167:
2160:
2153:Streptophyta
2140:
2124:
2104:
2100:Rhodelphidia
2058:Palpitomonas
2056:
2036:
2025:Pancryptista
1970:
1963:
1900:
1867:
1855:
1835:
1805:
1800:Foraminifera
1798:
1691:
1641:
1584:
1578:Tunicaraptor
1576:
1543:
1517:Opisthokonta
1453:
1382:Opisthokonta
1332:
1214:(7): e2621.
1211:
1207:
1197:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1032:
1028:
1015:
980:
976:
966:
956:, retrieved
943:
936:
895:
891:
845:
842:Open Biology
841:
831:
796:
792:
742:
738:
728:
715:monophyletic
687:glaucophytes
673:. The name "
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:aptophytes,
634:
630:
628:
620:
594:
576:
551:
550:
530:
519:Pancryptista
436:
416:
386:
361:
331:
309:
282:
257:
253:branch-based
249:
241:
235:
231:Homo sapiens
229:
223:
217:
211:
205:
203:
199:
113:
112:
103:
87:
74:
68:
62:
18:
2420:Chitinozoan
2346:Parabasalia
2198:Embryophyta
2162:Chlorokybus
2142:Chlorophyta
2090:Glaucophyta
2064:Cryptophyta
1954:Pirsoniales
1921:Bicosoecida
1902:Platysulcus
1875:Perkinsozoa
1857:Apicomplexa
1830:Colponemida
1597:Pluriformea
1466:Archamoebea
1455:Eumycetozoa
2611:Categories
2501:Rigifilida
2400:Acritarchs
2325:Barthelona
2316:Metamonada
2301:Euglenozoa
2169:Mesostigma
2125:sensu lato
2106:Rhodophyta
1965:Ochrophyta
1926:Placidozoa
1837:Ciliophora
1807:Radiolaria
1724:Haptophyta
1619:Filasterea
1531:Holomycota
958:2024-08-25
721:References
691:alveolates
659:Euglenozoa
186:eukaryotic
2341:Fornicata
2247:Excavates
2049:Cryptista
1972:Oomycetes
1949:Developea
1931:Sagenista
1818:Alveolata
1754:Telonemia
1629:Choanozoa
1506:Breviatea
1449:Tubulinea
1436:Amoebozoa
1377:Amoebozoa
1355:Alveolata
1343:Cryptista
1318:Eukaryota
1288:Eukaryote
1035:: 71–85.
928:205570993
713:, is not
711:Chromista
675:Corticata
671:excavates
532:Cryptista
438:Alveolata
363:Telonemia
196:Phylogeny
104:Corticata
56:Eukaryota
2523:protists
2519:kingdoms
2407:Grypania
2369:Imasidae
2270:Jakobida
1794:Endomyxa
1789:Cercozoa
1781:Rhizaria
1711:Haptista
1643:Animalia
1586:Bicellum
1461:Variosea
1444:Discosea
1422:Amorphea
1372:Amorphea
1350:Rhizaria
1338:Hacrobia
1328:Excavata
1313:Bacteria
1248:18612431
1208:PLOS ONE
1189:18522922
1140:19237557
1051:25152275
1007:18522922
920:30429611
874:35414259
823:23020233
771:29784790
699:Rhizaria
405:Halvaria
388:Rhizaria
333:Haptista
95:Synonyms
82:Subtaxa
52:Domain:
2258:Discoba
2123:Plants
2095:Picozoa
1941:Gyrista
1848:Myzozoa
1701:Provora
1607:Filozoa
1563:Holozoa
1471:Cutosea
1387:Animals
1308:Archaea
1239:2440802
1216:Bibcode
1180:2610160
1131:2656170
1108:Bibcode
998:2610160
900:Bibcode
865:9006020
814:3483872
762:6016768
667:Bikonts
591:Plantae
311:Provora
181:-i-keez
2564:Bikont
2531:groups
1913:Bigyra
1487:Obazoa
1365:Plants
1302:Domain
1246:
1236:
1187:
1177:
1138:
1128:
1049:
1005:
995:
926:
918:
892:Nature
872:
862:
821:
811:
769:
759:
701:, and
593:
177:-ə-fə-
75:et al.
2562:This
2483:CRuMs
1545:Fungi
1392:Fungi
924:S2CID
631:et al
63:Clade
2568:stub
2535:bold
1740:TSAR
1244:PMID
1185:PMID
1136:PMID
1047:PMID
1003:PMID
916:PMID
870:PMID
819:PMID
767:PMID
689:and
661:and
350:TSAR
73:Adl
2014:CAM
1770:SAR
1234:PMC
1224:doi
1175:PMC
1167:doi
1126:PMC
1116:doi
1104:106
1077:doi
1037:doi
993:PMC
985:doi
949:doi
908:doi
896:564
860:PMC
850:doi
809:PMC
801:doi
757:PMC
747:doi
743:115
685:of
509:CAM
375:SAR
179:RET
2613::
1242:.
1232:.
1222:.
1210:.
1206:.
1183:.
1173:.
1161:.
1157:.
1134:.
1124:.
1114:.
1102:.
1098:.
1073:39
1071:.
1045:.
1033:81
1031:.
1027:.
1001:.
991:.
979:.
975:.
947:,
922:.
914:.
906:.
894:.
882:^
868:.
858:.
846:12
844:.
840:.
817:.
807:.
797:59
795:.
791:.
779:^
765:.
755:.
741:.
737:.
717:.
697:,
175:DY
162:iː
129:aɪ
65::
2599:e
2592:t
2585:v
2574:.
2527:*
2418:†
2412:†
2404:†
2398:†
2249:*
2201:¹
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2121:(
1832:*
1646:¹
1583:†
1548:¹
1399:)
1280:e
1273:t
1266:v
1250:.
1226::
1218::
1212:3
1191:.
1169::
1163:4
1142:.
1118::
1110::
1083:.
1079::
1053:.
1039::
1009:.
987::
981:4
951::
930:.
910::
902::
876:.
852::
825:.
803::
773:.
749::
651:r
647:a
643:s
639:c
635:h
168:/
165:z
159:k
156:ɪ
153:t
150:ɛ
147:r
144:ˈ
141:ə
138:f
135:ə
132:.
126:d
123:ˌ
120:/
116:(
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