214:
480:
54:
31:
206:
1566:
was used for the dicotyledons. This is also the case in some of the systems derived from the
Cronquist system. These two systems are contrasted in the table below in terms of how each categorises by superorder; note that the sequence within each system has been altered in order to pair corresponding
1859:
from each system. Namely, although the systems share common names for many of the listed superorders, the specific list orders classified within each varies. For example, Thorne's
268:
research confirmed what had already been suspected: that dicotyledons are not a group made up of all the descendants of a common ancestor (i.e., they are not a
280:, diverged earlier than the monocots did; in other words, monocots evolved from within the dicots, as traditionally defined. The traditional dicots are thus a
2073:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV",
792:, or further divided. Some botanists prefer to retain the dicotyledons as a valid class, arguing its practicality and that it makes evolutionary sense.
2239:
2139:
2017:
1645:
1608:
1740:
291:
are the largest monophyletic group within the dicotyledons. They are distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their
1744:
2038:
2145:
1657:
1805:
261:(or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants.
2075:
2198:
1993:
1969:
2203:
245:(angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the
2104:
435:
2146:
Tree browser for dicot orders, families and genera with species counts and estimates via the
Catalogue of Life
53:
1856:
213:
2011:
265:
2216:
2156:
332:
2047:
1863:
corresponds to five distinct superorders under
Dahlgren's system, only one of which is called
2211:
1984:
Simpson, Michael G. (2011), "Chapter 7: Diversity and
Classification of Flowering Plants",
1571:
8:
430:
319:
and dicots, although these have proven to be differences primarily between monocots and
303:
pollen (or derived forms): grains with three or more pores set in furrows called colpi.
1917:
1559:
180:
48:
1989:
1965:
1060:
500:
299:
pollen (or derived forms): grains with a single sulcus. Contrastingly, eudicots have
277:
2119:
2084:
1909:
1522:
1187:
1182:
841:
821:
805:
756:
587:
575:
442:
324:
323:. Many early-diverging dicot groups have monocot characteristics such as scattered
218:
140:
1959:
1900:
1580:
1512:
1218:
957:
920:
892:
769:
644:
242:
104:
1764:
1633:
1628:
1502:
1416:
1294:
1284:
1277:
1125:
1075:
78:
2233:
2140:
World list of dicot species (a.k.a. Magnoliopsida) from the
Catalogue of Life
1585:
1507:
1268:
1228:
1223:
1120:
1095:
1040:
1032:
926:
882:
814:
801:
789:
760:
600:
504:
258:
151:
145:
1934:
1875:
1597:
1517:
1441:
1431:
1401:
1360:
1325:
1289:
1248:
1202:
1197:
1050:
1022:
1007:
987:
962:
915:
836:
785:
781:
531:
411:
39:
2179:
1847:
1836:
1649:
1621:
1616:
1603:
1592:
1532:
1487:
1456:
1436:
1406:
1330:
1310:
1303:
1253:
1211:
1192:
1167:
1105:
1065:
952:
947:
942:
931:
867:
846:
553:
518:
364:
296:
135:
2190:
205:
2123:
2037:
Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2017),
1921:
1769:
1757:
1752:
1653:
1527:
1466:
1461:
1426:
1370:
1345:
1340:
1159:
1130:
1110:
1085:
1017:
1002:
982:
977:
936:
857:
852:
615:
394:
273:
161:
123:
91:
2089:
1898:(June 1964), "The Taxa of the Higher Plants above the Rank of Order",
800:
The following lists show the orders in the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
1895:
1816:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1711:
1706:
1537:
1492:
1480:
1446:
1396:
1258:
1243:
1233:
1177:
1140:
1135:
1100:
1070:
1055:
910:
872:
773:
508:
379:
312:
281:
269:
250:
222:
129:
2150:
1913:
2173:
1841:
1829:
1824:
1811:
1800:
1723:
1718:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1497:
1421:
1411:
1365:
1355:
1335:
1320:
1238:
1172:
1115:
1090:
1080:
997:
992:
900:
862:
764:
684:
660:
479:
320:
316:
288:
257:
within this group. The other group of flowering plants were called
171:
118:
30:
768:. In some schemes, the eudicots were either treated as a separate
1735:
1730:
1699:
1694:
1663:
1640:
1471:
1451:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1350:
1315:
1263:
1045:
1027:
1012:
972:
967:
905:
751:
455:
425:
417:
254:
331:. In addition, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as
328:
300:
292:
194:
755:), at any rank. If treated as a class, as they are within the
2105:"Paraphyly and the origin and classification of angiosperms."
810:
65:
507:
shows that the group traditionally treated as the dicots is
246:
2040:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics
780:), or as several separate classes. The remaining dicots (
460:
Present on both the upper and lower epidermis of leaves
315:
number, other broad differences have been noted between
804:
traditionally called dicots, together with the older
759:, they could be called the Magnoliopsida after the
272:group). Rather, a number of lineages, such as the
2036:
306:
295:. Other dicotyledons and the monocotyledons have
2231:
1957:
241:), are one of the two groups into which all the
2018:University of California Museum of Paleontology
358:In fours or fives (tetramerous or pentamerous)
1855:There exist variances between the superorders
1553:
784:or basal angiosperms) may be kept in a single
463:More common on the lower epidermis of leaves
221:showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (
1951:
1558:Under the Dahlgren and Thorne systems, the
1958:Hamilton, Alan; Hamilton, Patrick (2006),
1572:Thorne system (1992) as depicted by Reveal
29:
2088:
1961:Plant conservation: An ecosystem approach
1894:
276:and groups now collectively known as the
164:included but traditionally excluded taxa
2096:
2076:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
327:, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate
212:
204:
2240:Historically recognized angiosperm taxa
2102:
2068:
2066:
1983:
393:Arrangement of vascular bundles in the
16:Historical grouping of flowering plants
2232:
2072:
2155:
2154:
2030:
2006:
2004:
1977:
1888:
225:), which differ from the adult leaves
2063:
795:
13:
2001:
1927:
355:In threes (flowers are trimerous)
14:
2251:
2133:
489:
472:Comparison of monocots and dicots
1964:, London: Earthscan, p. 2,
478:
264:Largely from the 1990s onwards,
253:. There are around 200,000
52:
879:; unplaced independent lineage
352:Number of parts of each flower
889:; probable sister of eudicots
307:Comparison with monocotyledons
1:
1881:
1576:
746:
1584:
1579:
494:
249:has two embryonic leaves or
7:
1869:
1554:Dahlgren and Thorne systems
10:
2256:
1152:
833:
820:
813:
2163:
1988:, Elsevier, p. 139,
734:
682:
658:
642:
635:
628:
613:
598:
591:
573:
566:
551:
544:
529:
522:
186:
179:
168:
160:
115:
110:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
2103:Stuessy, Tod F. (2010),
2013:Monocots versus Dicots
402:In concentric circles
333:reticulated leaf veins
266:molecular phylogenetic
226:
210:
2212:Paleobiology Database
1162:(mostly basal dicots)
588:core angiosperms
424:Arrangement of major
382:(leaves in the seed)
216:
208:
209:Dicotyledon plantlet
43:(white dead nettle)
1939:The Free Dictionary
735:traditional dicots
2142:, 253,406 species.
2124:10.1002/tax.593001
237:(or, more rarely,
227:
211:
2227:
2226:
2157:Taxon identifiers
2090:10.1111/boj.12385
1995:978-0-0805-1404-8
1986:Plant Systematics
1971:978-1-84407-083-1
1853:
1852:
1551:
1550:
1061:Berberidopsidales
796:APG vs. Cronquist
743:
742:
731:
730:
722:
721:
713:
712:
704:
703:
695:
694:
671:
670:
511:to the monocots:
501:phylogenetic tree
467:
466:
416:Develop from the
278:basal angiosperms
203:
202:
197:
2247:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2152:
2151:
2127:
2126:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2046:, archived from
2045:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1892:
1577:
842:Austrobaileyales
822:Cronquist system
811:
806:Cronquist system
757:Cronquist system
638:
637:
631:
630:
594:
593:
576:Austrobaileyales
569:
568:
547:
546:
525:
524:
515:
514:
482:
443:Secondary growth
365:furrows or pores
338:
337:
325:vascular bundles
243:flowering plants
233:, also known as
219:castor oil plant
193:
141:Austrobaileyales
111:Groups included
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2159:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2071:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1914:10.2307/1216134
1893:
1889:
1884:
1872:
1839:
1814:
1803:
1743:
1738:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1606:
1595:
1581:Dahlgren system
1556:
1513:Scrophulariales
1229:Daphniphyllales
1219:Trochodendrales
1183:Aristolochiales
958:Crossosomatales
921:Trochodendrales
893:Ceratophyllales
824:
818:(paraphyletic)
817:
798:
749:
744:
732:
723:
714:
705:
696:
672:
645:Ceratophyllales
497:
492:
487:
486:
485:
484:
483:
474:
473:
309:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2208:
2195:
2185:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2134:External links
2132:
2129:
2128:
2118:(3): 689–693,
2095:
2062:
2029:
2000:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1950:
1926:
1908:(5): 160–164,
1886:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1765:Balanophoranae
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1637:
1636:
1634:Caryophyllanae
1631:
1629:Caryophyllanae
1625:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Callitrichales
1500:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Caryophyllales
1280:
1278:Caryophyllidae
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Paracryphiales
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Caryophyllales
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
939:
934:
923:
918:
913:
908:
897:
896:
895:
887:
886:
885:
877:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
849:
844:
839:
831:
830:
819:
797:
794:
788:class, called
753:Dicotyledoneae
748:
745:
741:
740:
737:
736:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
715:
711:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
669:
668:
665:
664:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
597:
592:
590:
584:
583:
580:
579:
572:
567:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
550:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
528:
523:
521:
513:
499:The consensus
496:
493:
491:
490:Classification
488:
477:
476:
475:
471:
470:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
458:
452:
451:
450:Often present
448:
445:
439:
438:
433:
428:
421:
420:
414:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
390:
389:
386:
383:
375:
374:
371:
368:
360:
359:
356:
353:
349:
348:
345:
342:
308:
305:
259:monocotyledons
201:
200:
199:
198:
190:
189:Dicotyledoneae
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
166:
165:
158:
157:
156:
155:
148:
143:
138:
133:
126:
121:
113:
112:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
92:Spermatophytes
89:
82:
81:
76:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2252:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2165:Dicotyledones
2162:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2053:on 2017-05-17
2049:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1896:Takhtajan, A.
1891:
1887:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:circumscribed
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Plumbaginanae
1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:Thorne system
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Plantaginales
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Rhizophorales
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:Plumbaginales
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Hamamelidales
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Metteniusales
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Escalloniales
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:superasterids
1038:
1034:
1033:Zygophyllales
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
927:core eudicots
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
898:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
883:Chloranthales
881:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
828:
827:Magnoliopsida
823:
816:
812:
809:
807:
803:
802:APG IV system
793:
791:
790:Magnoliopsida
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:
762:
758:
754:
739:
738:
727:
726:
718:
717:
709:
708:
700:
699:
691:
690:
687:
686:
680:
679:
676:
675:
667:
666:
663:
662:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
646:
640:
639:
633:
632:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
601:Chloranthales
596:
595:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
571:
570:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
549:
548:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
527:
526:
520:
517:
516:
512:
510:
506:
505:APG IV system
502:
481:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
423:
422:
419:
415:
413:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
396:
392:
391:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
361:
357:
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
220:
215:
207:
196:
191:
188:
187:
185:
182:
178:
173:
170:
169:
167:
163:
162:Cladistically
159:
154:
153:
152:Ceratophyllum
149:
147:
146:Chloranthales
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
131:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
114:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2164:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2080:
2074:
2055:, retrieved
2048:the original
2039:
2032:
2021:, retrieved
2012:
1985:
1979:
1960:
1953:
1942:, retrieved
1938:
1929:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1876:Calyciflorae
1864:
1860:
1854:
1840:
1815:
1804:
1739:
1644:
1609:Rafflesianae
1607:
1598:Ranunculanae
1596:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1518:Campanulales
1442:Euphorbiales
1432:Rafflesiales
1402:Podostemales
1361:Diapensiales
1326:Lecythidales
1269:Casuarinales
1249:Leitneriales
1198:Ranunculales
1051:Aquifoliales
1023:Saxifragales
1008:Picramniales
988:Malpighiales
963:Cucurbitales
916:Ranunculales
837:Amborellales
826:
799:
786:paraphyletic
782:palaeodicots
777:
776:(type genus
763:
752:
750:
683:
659:
643:
614:
599:
574:
552:
532:Amborellales
530:
509:paraphyletic
503:used in the
498:
412:adventitious
344:In monocots
310:
286:
282:paraphyletic
270:monophyletic
263:
238:
234:
231:dicotyledons
230:
228:
192:Magnoliatae
150:
128:
98:
85:
72:
40:Lamium album
38:
24:Dicotyledon
18:
2083:(1): 1–20,
1848:Gentiananae
1837:Gentiananae
1741:Celastranae
1650:Polygonanae
1622:Nymphaeanae
1617:Nymphaeanae
1604:Magnolianae
1593:Magnolianae
1564:Magnoliidae
1533:Calycerales
1488:Gentianales
1457:Polygalales
1437:Celastrales
1407:Haloragales
1331:Nepenthales
1311:Dilleniales
1304:Dilleniidae
1290:Polygonales
1254:Juglandales
1239:Eucommiales
1234:Didymelales
1212:Hamamelidae
1203:Papaverales
1193:Nymphaeales
1168:Magnoliales
1160:Magnoliidae
1106:Gentianales
1066:Boraginales
953:Celastrales
948:Brassicales
943:superrosids
932:Dilleniales
868:Magnoliales
847:Nymphaeales
554:Nymphaeales
519:angiosperms
311:Aside from
297:monosulcate
136:Nymphaeales
105:Angiosperms
2057:2017-07-13
2023:25 January
1882:References
1770:Santalanae
1758:Santalanae
1753:Santalanae
1745:Geranianae
1654:Primulanae
1528:Dipsacales
1467:Geraniales
1462:Sapindales
1427:Santalales
1371:Primulales
1346:Capparales
1188:Illiciales
1131:Santalales
1111:Icacinales
1086:Dipsacales
1018:Sapindales
1003:Oxalidales
983:Huerteales
978:Geraniales
937:Gunnerales
858:Canellales
853:magnoliids
761:type genus
747:Historical
616:magnoliids
436:Reticulate
426:leaf veins
399:Scattered
380:cotyledons
378:Number of
367:in pollen
363:Number of
347:In dicots
301:tricolpate
274:magnoliids
251:cotyledons
223:cotyledons
124:Magnoliids
1944:2 January
1935:"Dicotyl"
1817:Aralianae
1794:Solananae
1789:Solananae
1782:Asteranae
1777:Asteranae
1712:Proteanae
1707:Proteanae
1538:Asterales
1493:Solanales
1481:Asteridae
1447:Rhamnales
1397:Proteales
1341:Salicales
1259:Myricales
1244:Urticales
1178:Piperales
1141:Vahliales
1136:Solanales
1101:Garryales
1071:Bruniales
1056:Asterales
911:Proteales
873:Piperales
825:(classis
774:Rosopsida
495:Phylogeny
313:cotyledon
130:Amborella
62:Kingdom:
2234:Category
2188:BioLib:
2174:Wikidata
1870:See also
1865:Theanae.
1842:Lamianae
1830:Loasanae
1825:Loasanae
1812:Cornanae
1801:Cornanae
1724:Myrtanae
1719:Myrtanae
1688:Violanae
1683:Violanae
1676:Malvanae
1671:Malvanae
1658:Ericanae
1560:subclass
1523:Rubiales
1498:Lamiales
1422:Cornales
1412:Myrtales
1366:Ebenales
1356:Ericales
1336:Violales
1321:Malvales
1173:Laurales
1116:Lamiales
1091:Ericales
1081:Cornales
998:Myrtales
993:Malvales
901:eudicots
863:Laurales
765:Magnolia
685:monocots
661:eudicots
431:Parallel
341:Feature
321:eudicots
317:monocots
289:eudicots
239:dicotyls
181:Synonyms
172:Monocots
119:Eudicots
1922:1216134
1861:Theanae
1806:Vitanae
1736:Rutanae
1731:Rutanae
1700:Rosanae
1695:Rosanae
1664:Theanae
1641:Theanae
1472:Apiales
1452:Linales
1392:Fabales
1387:Rosales
1380:Rosidae
1351:Batales
1316:Theales
1264:Fagales
1046:Apiales
1028:Vitales
1013:Rosales
973:Fagales
968:Fabales
906:Buxales
647:
456:Stomata
447:Absent
418:radicle
284:group.
255:species
66:Plantae
2204:206968
1992:
1968:
1920:
815:APG IV
772:, the
407:Roots
373:Three
329:pollen
293:pollen
235:dicots
217:Young
195:Takht.
2217:55233
2180:Q8316
2112:Taxon
2108:(PDF)
2051:(PDF)
2044:(PDF)
1918:JSTOR
1901:Taxon
1567:taxa
1562:name
770:class
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
2199:ITIS
2191:3180
2025:2012
1990:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1946:2016
1574:is:
1570:The
778:Rosa
410:Are
395:stem
388:Two
385:One
370:One
287:The
247:seed
229:The
2120:doi
2085:doi
2081:181
1910:doi
2236::
2214::
2201::
2176::
2116:59
2114:,
2110:,
2079:,
2065:^
2016:,
2003:^
1937:,
1916:,
1906:13
1904:,
1039:;
941:;
925:;
899:;
851:;
829:)
808:.
335:.
101::
88::
75::
2122::
2087::
1912::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)
