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187:(e.g. for a 50 Ah battery, 0 Ah is full and 50 Ah is empty) or percentage points (100 % is empty and 0 % is full). The capacity of a battery may also be higher than its nominal rating. Thus it is possible for the depth of discharge value to exceed the nominal value (e.g., 55 Ah for a 50 Ah battery, or 110 %).
117:
amount of charge or fraction of the capacity removed from the battery. To avoid confusion, the exact meaning of DoD should be clear for a given context. Also, for both definitions, it remains undefined, whether a charged battery's SoC is 100 % or another value. This reference value is needed to
304:
201:
529:
Bhadra, Shoham; Hertzberg, Benjamin J.; Hsieh, Andrew G.; Croft, Mark; Gallaway, Joshua W.; Van
Tassell, Barry J.; Chamoun, Mylad; Erdonmez, Can; Zhong, Zhong; Sholklapper, Tal; Steingart, Daniel A. (2015).
26:) is an important parameter appearing in the context of rechargeable battery operation. Two non-identical definitions can be found in commercial and scientific sources. The depth of discharge is defined as:
107:
619:
Yamamoto, Takahiko; Ando, Tomohiro; Kawabe, Yusuke; Fukuma, Takeshi; Enomoto, Hiroshi; Nishijima, Yoshiaki; Matsui, Yoshihiko; Kanamura, Kiyoshi; Takahashi, Yasufumi (2021-11-02).
61:
removed from the battery with regard to its (fully) charged state. For fully charged batteries, the depth of discharge is connected to the state of charge by the simple formula
180:, for example, the state of charge is often limited to the range between 15 % and 85 % to greatly increase their cycle life, resulting in a DoD of 70 %.
142:
or battery charger may keep the battery from extreme levels regarding SoC, thereby limiting the SoC to a reduced range between 0 % and 100 % and decreasing
183:
While the state of charge is usually expressed using percentage points (0 % = empty; 100 % = full), depth of discharge is either expressed using units of
572:
Wang, John; Liu, Ping; Hicks-Garner, Jocelyn; Sherman, Elena; Soukiazian, Souren; Verbrugge, Mark; Tataria, Harshad; Musser, James; Finamore, Peter (2011-04-15).
109:. The depth of discharge then is the complement of state of charge: as one increases, the other decreases. This definition is mostly found in scientific sources.
195:
Using definition (2), the depth of discharge of a charged 90 Ah battery is discharged for 20 minutes at a constant current of 50 A is calculated by:
299:{\displaystyle \mathrm {DoD} ={\frac {50{\text{ A}}\cdot {\frac {20{\text{ mins}}}{60{\text{ mins}}}}{\text{ hours}}}{90{\text{ Ah}}}}\cdot 100\%=18.522\%.}
138:, it is beneficial or even mandatory for safety reasons, to not encounter overcharging and/or deep discharge. To prevent adverse effects, a
758:
134:
During their use, secondary batteries are repeatedly charged and discharged within a certain range of state of charge. For many
397:"A PSO-Optimized Fuzzy Logic Control-Based Charging Method for Individual Household Battery Storage Systems within a Community"
30:
the maximum fraction of a battery's capacity (given in Ah) which is removed from the charged battery on a regular basis. "
64:
481:
532:"The relationship between coefficient of restitution and state of charge of zinc alkaline primary LR6 batteries"
166:
621:"Characterization of the Depth of Discharge-Dependent Charge Transfer Resistance of a Single LiFePO4 Particle"
113:
The depth of discharge can therefore (1) refer to the size of the range usually used for discharge or (2) the
505:
330:
395:
Cheng, Yu-Shan; Liu, Yi-Hua; Hesse, Holger C.; Naumann, Maik; Truong, Cong Nam; Jossen, Andreas (2018).
674:. Selected papers presented at the 11th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries. 119–121: 955–958.
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375:
139:
719:"High power LiFePO4 cell evaluation: Fast charge, Depth of Discharge and Fast discharge dependency"
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below 100 % (see example below). This corresponds to the DoD in the sense of definition (1).
51:
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Anseán, D.; Viera, J. C.; González, M.; García, V. M.; Álvarez, J. C.; Antuña, J. L. (2013).
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8:
668:"Cycling performance of low-cost lithium ion batteries with natural graphite and LiFePO4"
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Part of the nominal capacity of an electric storage system which is used
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161:, there is a correlation between the depth of discharge and the
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666:Shim, Joongpyo; Striebel, Kathryn A. (2003-06-01).
298:
101:
438:"Extending Battery Lifetime by Avoiding High SOC"
768:
57:the fraction of the battery's capacity which is
435:
102:{\displaystyle \mathrm {DoD} =1-\mathrm {SoC} }
122:of absolute SoC used for operation or (2) the
574:"Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO4 cells"
436:Wikner, Evelina; Thiringer, Torbjörn (2018).
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50:stops charging, which is achieved by
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482:"lithium & solar power LiFePO4"
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486:lithium & solar power LiFePO4
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539:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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723:World Electric Vehicle Journal
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598:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.134
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506:"Blog - LiFePO4 | shop.GWL.eu"
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34:does not necessarily refer to
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759:AGM discharge characteristics
688:10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00297-0
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637:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02851
7:
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757:support.rollsbattery.com:
376:Battery management system
140:battery management system
672:Journal of Power Sources
578:Journal of Power Sources
118:fully describe (1) the
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153:technologies, such as
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149:For almost all known
126:of the absolute SoC.
120:upper and lower limit
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44:state of charge (SoC)
625:Analytical Chemistry
202:
165:of the battery. For
151:rechargeable battery
65:
52:different techniques
42:, but rather to the
736:10.3390/wevj6030653
680:2003JPS...119..955S
631:(43): 14448–14453.
590:2011JPS...196.3942W
155:lead-acid batteries
551:10.1039/C5TA01576F
455:10.3390/app8101825
414:10.3390/en11020469
366:Deep-cycle battery
329:. You can help by
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191:Sample calculation
157:of all kinds like
144:depth of discharge
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20:Depth of discharge
545:(18): 9395–9400.
356:Battery balancing
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48:battery charger
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513:. Retrieved
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489:. Retrieved
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448:(10): 1825.
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331:adding to it
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46:, where the
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36:fully or 100
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510:shop.gwl.eu
480:gwl-power.
338:August 2023
259: hours
515:2022-02-20
491:2022-02-20
407:(2): 469.
382:References
251: mins
241: mins
163:cycle life
130:Occurrence
745:2032-6653
696:0378-7753
645:0003-2700
606:0378-7753
464:2076-3417
423:1996-1073
291:%
282:%
276:⋅
231:⋅
178:batteries
86:−
59:currently
40:% charged
771:Category
704:53992561
653:34668693
401:Energies
350:See also
269: Ah
32:Charged"
676:Bibcode
586:Bibcode
559:1183288
227: A
115:current
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168:LiFePO
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731:doi
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333:.
279:100
159:AGM
24:DoD
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285:=
217:=
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