1207:
55:
1852:
1818:
1345:
39:
1690:
1041:, Director of the Division of Tropical Hygiene, Commonwealth Department of Health, was concerned about health and hygiene of its growing population, contemplated conducting a statistical and social survey of the town, which did not eventuate. Elkington's interest in sociological surveys of gathering social and economic details on a population later developed into the 1924 Sociological Survey of White Women conducted from the Institute of Tropical Medicine in
1095:
2554:
62:
403:(29.63 in); and the highest daily rainfall recorded was 381.0 millimetres (15.00 in) on 29 January 1908. The town is extremely sunny, averaging 201.9 clear days and only 48.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 2.6 °C (36.7 °F) on 10 July 1983 to 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) on 7 November 1965.
1034:
carriers and by working on tribute. The
Chinese settlement at Croydon developed on the north west fringe of the town. This was a similar pattern to other mining towns in north Queensland. The community constructed a temple, houses and associated facilities such as pig ovens, with the temple as the central focus of the settlement.
1010:
people indigenous to the area. Croydon was a large pastoral holding owned by
Alexander Brown and Margaret Chalmers that covered an area of approximately 5,000 square kilometres (2,000 sq mi), when first settled in the 1880s. The town's name is derived from a pastoral run name, that was used
1033:
Chinese settlers moved into the
Croydon area soon after the gold discovery was reported in 1885. From the earliest days of settlement they played a significant role in the viability of the isolated field by supplying fresh vegetables and fruit. They also supported the work of the miners as cooks,
402:
from April to
November. Although average daily maxima remain high year-round- exceeding 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) in all months; average minima have greater variation: from 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) in July to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in December. Average annual rainfall is 752.7 mm
1029:
Gold was to be the main economic production of the area for four decades. The Mining Warden left in 1926 as there were too few miners left on the field. During its heyday, Croydon was the fourth largest town in the colony of
Queensland.
1254:). In 2014, the school had 42 students enrolled with 2 classes (years P–3 and years 4–6) with 3 teachers. In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 36 students with 3 teachers and 7 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).
1440:
1048:
Currently, Croydon has a much smaller population, having greatly decreased following the end of the gold rush. The population is now a few hundred people. The town is one of the termini for the
2292:
2344:
2440:
1217:
1411:
2384:
1602:
1379:
2380:
206:
194:
1473:
2284:
1276:
St
Margaret's Church at Lot 9, Alldridge Street is shared by the Anglican and Catholic congregations. It is within the Gulf Savannah Parish of the
1774:
2351:
87:
2432:
1359:
2502:
1159:
2613:
1747:
2529:
2410:
1262:
Croydon has a swimming pool, golf course, lawn bowls, a museum, a tourist information centre, caravan park and a primary school. The
1023:. Gold was discovered in 1885 and by 1887, the town's population had reached 7,000. Croydon Post Office opened on 20 March 1886.
2376:
1718:
1711:
The measure of the woman : eugenics and domestic science in the 1924 sociological survey of white women in North
Queensland
54:
1598:
2690:
2558:
1624:
182:
1214:
Croydon State School is a government primary (Early
Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 22–30 Brown Street (
1141:
1129:
2470:
1060:, caused torrential rain and Croydon to be flooded. An estimated $ 5 million of damage was made to town infrastructure.
337:
2729:
1572:
1153:
349:
2582:
2497:
1277:
391:
1830:
1796:
1323:
1038:
1495:
2719:
2606:
1649:
1111:
2322:
199:
1546:
1011:
by their sons, Alexander Brown and
William Chalmers Brown, pastoralists; William Chalmers Brown was born in
2714:
2709:
2591:
2261:
2233:
2205:
2177:
2149:
2121:
2093:
2065:
2037:
2009:
1981:
1953:
1925:
1897:
1869:
1135:
80:
1834:
1800:
1467:
1327:
2586:
2256:
2228:
2200:
2172:
2144:
2116:
2088:
2060:
2032:
2004:
1976:
1948:
1920:
1892:
1864:
410:
Climate data for
Croydon (18º12'00"S, 142º14'24"E, 116 m AMSL) (1889-2024 normals, extremes 1962-2014)
1770:
1206:
2724:
2678:
2599:
1653:
1123:
375:
300:
1517:
1674:
2466:
1356:
2663:
2648:
2492:
1178:
1147:
1083:
1076:
1069:
357:
312:
285:
173:
131:
123:
1026:
Croydon State School was established on 12 September 1889 but did not open until 7 July 1890.
2668:
2643:
2638:
2575:
2288:
1628:
1521:
1419:
1387:
1263:
1184:
983:
368:
317:
292:
167:
1743:
2565:
2525:
2406:
1195:
1694:
1689:
8:
2653:
1851:
1817:
1344:
1165:
307:
211:
1693: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
2673:
1171:
280:
275:
161:
1709:
1290:
1189:
1057:
861:
387:
2623:
1016:
341:
187:
2571:
1363:
1103:
1072:, the locality of Croydon and surrounding areas had a population of 312 people.
1052:
railway, opened for the gold rush in 1891 but now a tourist railway operated by
1007:
2583:
Croydon Oral Histories and Report on the Cairns Timber Mill at Yungaburra 2001
2703:
2462:
1233:
1219:
999:
740:
102:
89:
2621:
38:
1270:
1117:
1568:
1445:
1295:
1053:
2627:
1094:
1049:
1042:
399:
395:
353:
345:
29:
2566:
University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Croydon and Croydon Shire
1299:
998:
The historic goldrush town of Croydon is located in the heart of the
909:
1020:
155:
1012:
1542:
2553:
2314:
1829:
1795:
1322:
1003:
1949:"Croydon Station, Normanton to Croydon Railway (entry 600440)"
1056:. In early 2009, the close proximity of a receding cyclone ex-
2201:"Croydon State Emergency Services Building (entry 600438)"
1086:, the locality of Croydon had a population of 215 people.
1079:, the locality of Croydon had a population of 258 people.
360:, the locality of Croydon had a population of 215 people.
2381:
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
2005:"Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex (entry 700005)"
1098:
The heritage listed Croydon Town Hall, built in 1892
2089:"Chinese Temple and Settlement Site (entry 602079)"
2061:"Normanton to Croydon Railway Line (entry 600396)"
1707:
1596:
1625:"Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools"
1585:Births Jun 1841, Brown, William Chalmers, Croydon
1518:"Croydon Township Climate Statistics (1889-2024)"
2701:
2173:"Police Reserve Complex (former) (entry 601153)"
1266:operates a public library at 63 Samwell Street.
264:
218:
2439:. State Library of Queensland. 31 August 2016.
1865:"Homeward Bound Battery and Dam (entry 600439)"
2277:
2607:
2350:. Croydon State School. 2014. Archived from
1771:"Flood-hit roads hampering livestock trucks"
1318:
1316:
1314:
2409:. Centre for the Government of Queensland.
1744:"Qld flood disaster bill tops $ 25 million"
1590:
1006:. Mining in the area quickly drove out the
2614:
2600:
1921:"Richmond Mine and Battery (entry 601857)"
1850:
1823:
1816:
1789:
1343:
37:
2369:
1648:
1311:
378:runs along part of the eastern boundary.
1773:. Australian Broadcasting Corporartion.
1768:
1746:. Australian Broadcasting Corporartion.
1741:
1288:Croydon was mentioned in the 1950 novel
1205:
1093:
986:(1889-2024 normals, extremes 1962-2014)
2033:"Station Creek Cemetery (entry 602375)"
1708:Colclough, Gillian (11 February 2008),
1298:, as an example of a largely abandoned
1002:, 529 kilometres (329 mi) west of
2702:
2526:"Discovering the real Town Like Alice"
1650:"Agency ID 5145, Croydon State School"
1496:"Croydon Township Climate (1889-2024)"
348:, Australia. It is a terminus for the
2595:
2505:from the original on 18 November 2020
2295:from the original on 21 November 2018
2257:"Old Croydon Cemetery (entry 602374)"
2117:"Court House (former) (entry 600437)"
1777:from the original on 30 November 2010
1750:from the original on 20 November 2009
1283:
1140:Normanton (Gulf Developmental) Road:
2691:Local government areas of Queensland
2443:from the original on 17 January 2018
2285:"State and non-state school details"
2255:
2199:
2171:
2143:
2115:
2087:
2059:
2031:
2003:
1975:
1947:
1919:
1863:
1675:"Chinese Temple and Settlement Site"
1549:from the original on 29 October 2009
1410:
1406:
1404:
1374:
1372:
1089:
154:1,896 km (1,178 mi) NW of
2387:from the original on 27 August 2020
2227:
2145:"Croydon Shire Hall (entry 601653)"
1378:
1142:Golden Gate Mining and Town Complex
1015:, England in 1841 and is buried at
398:from December to March; and a long
13:
2532:from the original on 24 March 2023
2523:
2413:from the original on 16 March 2012
2325:from the original on 21 April 2013
2229:"Tabletop Cemetery (entry 602371)"
1891:
1617:
1476:from the original on 13 April 2022
1412:"Croydon (locality) (entry 41776)"
1160:Chinese Temple and Settlement Site
14:
2741:
2547:
2473:from the original on 6 March 2016
1977:"Croydon Cemetery (entry 602376)"
1724:from the original on 27 July 2014
1575:from the original on 17 June 2016
1401:
1369:
1154:Normanton to Croydon railway line
350:Normanton to Croydon railway line
2552:
2498:Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns
1688:
1605:from the original on 15 May 2014
1278:Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns
1210:Croydon State School, circa 1893
371:runs through from east to west.
60:
53:
2517:
2485:
2455:
2425:
2399:
2337:
2307:
2249:
2221:
2193:
2165:
2137:
2109:
2081:
2053:
2025:
1997:
1969:
1941:
1913:
1885:
1857:
1831:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1797:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1762:
1735:
1701:
1667:
1642:
1561:
1324:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1063:
166:156 km (97 mi) SE of
160:529 km (329 mi) W of
61:
1535:
1510:
1488:
1460:
1433:
1350:
1112:Homeward Bound Battery and Dam
172:147 km (91 mi) W of
1:
2265:. Queensland Heritage Council
2237:. Queensland Heritage Council
2209:. Queensland Heritage Council
2181:. Queensland Heritage Council
2153:. Queensland Heritage Council
2125:. Queensland Heritage Council
2097:. Queensland Heritage Council
2069:. Queensland Heritage Council
2041:. Queensland Heritage Council
2013:. Queensland Heritage Council
1985:. Queensland Heritage Council
1957:. Queensland Heritage Council
1929:. Queensland Heritage Council
1901:. Queensland Heritage Council
1893:"Content Mine (entry 602243)"
1873:. Queensland Heritage Council
1380:"Croydon (town) (entry 8889)"
1305:
1269:Water supply is sourced from
1257:
1194:West of the railway station:
1158:Off Gulf Developmental Road:
18:Town in Queensland, Australia
2622:Towns and localities in the
2262:Queensland Heritage Register
2234:Queensland Heritage Register
2206:Queensland Heritage Register
2178:Queensland Heritage Register
2150:Queensland Heritage Register
2122:Queensland Heritage Register
2094:Queensland Heritage Register
2066:Queensland Heritage Register
2038:Queensland Heritage Register
2010:Queensland Heritage Register
1982:Queensland Heritage Register
1954:Queensland Heritage Register
1926:Queensland Heritage Register
1898:Queensland Heritage Register
1870:Queensland Heritage Register
1742:ABC News (13 January 2009).
1201:
1174:(formerly Croydon Town Hall)
363:
7:
2587:State Library of Queensland
2377:"ACARA School Profile 2018"
2345:"2014 School Annual Report"
1677:. Queensland State Heritage
1601:. Premier Postal Auctions.
1366:- Retrieved 27 January 2008
813:Average precipitation days
599:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
529:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10:
2746:
993:
981:
409:
381:
269:Localities around Croydon:
2687:
2634:
1769:ABC News (23 July 2009).
1717:, James Cook University,
1654:Queensland State Archives
1545:. Croydon Shire Council.
1124:Richmond Mine and Battery
1122:Gulf Developmental Road:
1116:Gulf Developmental Road:
907:
859:
812:
738:
668:
598:
528:
458:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
323:
267:
263:
255:
217:
205:
193:
181:
148:
140:
130:
118:
79:
48:
36:
23:
2730:Localities in Queensland
2437:Public Libraries Connect
1835:"Croydon (State Suburb)"
1801:"Croydon (State Suburb)"
1597:Premier Postal History.
1362:2 September 2007 at the
1102:Croydon has a number of
144:116 m (381 ft)
43:Croydon Shire Hall, 2011
2467:Cloncurry Shire Council
1543:"Croydon Shire Council"
1130:Croydon railway station
356:tourist train. In the
336:is an outback town and
2493:"Gulf Savannah Parish"
2315:"Croydon State School"
1839:2016 Census QuickStats
1805:2011 Census QuickStats
1472:(Map). OpenStreetMap.
1416:Queensland Place Names
1384:Queensland Place Names
1332:2021 Census QuickStats
1211:
1152:Normanton to Croydon:
1148:Station Creek Cemetery
1099:
2720:North West Queensland
2576:Croydon Shire Council
2561:at Wikimedia Commons
2289:Queensland Government
1629:Queensland Government
1522:Bureau of Meteorology
1441:"Croydon, Queensland"
1420:Queensland Government
1388:Queensland Government
1357:Bureau of Meteorology
1264:Croydon Shire Council
1209:
1185:Croydon Hospital Ward
1097:
984:Bureau of Meteorology
376:Richmond–Croydon Road
352:, which operates the
2319:Croydon State School
1498:. FarmOnline Weather
1245:Croydon State School
1234:18.2037°S 142.2493°E
1196:Old Croydon Cemetery
459:Record high °C (°F)
2715:Croydon, Queensland
2710:Towns in Queensland
2572:"Heritage Precinct"
2559:Croydon, Queensland
2357:on 4 September 2015
1799:(31 October 2012).
1469:Croydon, Queensland
1229: /
669:Record low °C (°F)
394:BSh); with a short
207:Federal division(s)
195:State electorate(s)
99: /
1599:"Post Office List"
1284:In popular culture
1239:-18.2037; 142.2493
1212:
1172:Croydon Shire Hall
1134:Julia Creek Road:
1106:sites, including:
1100:
860:Average afternoon
386:Croydon has a hot
369:National Highway 1
103:18.200°S 142.233°E
2697:
2696:
2557:Media related to
2433:"Croydon Library"
1291:A Town Like Alice
1190:Tabletop Cemetery
1090:Heritage listings
1058:Cyclone Charlotte
990:
989:
862:relative humidity
388:semi-arid climate
331:
330:
327:
326:
259:
258:
2737:
2725:Shire of Croydon
2624:Shire of Croydon
2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2556:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2489:
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2480:
2478:
2459:
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2452:
2450:
2448:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2397:
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2394:
2392:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2321:. 18 July 2022.
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2281:
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2272:
2270:
2253:
2247:
2246:
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2225:
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2214:
2197:
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2169:
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2162:
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2135:
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2113:
2107:
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2085:
2079:
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2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1945:
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1936:
1934:
1917:
1911:
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1906:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1833:(27 June 2017).
1827:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1793:
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1766:
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1338:
1326:(28 June 2022).
1320:
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1248:
1246:
1241:
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1235:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1177:Samwell Street:
1170:Samwell Street:
1164:Samwell Street:
1146:Normanton Road:
1136:Croydon Cemetery
1017:Toowong cemetery
816:
407:
406:
342:Shire of Croydon
265:
219:
188:Shire of Croydon
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
108:-18.200; 142.233
104:
100:
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92:
64:
63:
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41:
32:
26:
21:
20:
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2524:Bishop, Steve.
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2291:. 9 July 2018.
2283:
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2222:
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2210:
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2166:
2156:
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2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1988:
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1974:
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1364:Wayback Machine
1355:
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1328:"Croydon (SAL)"
1321:
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1183:Sircom Street:
1104:heritage-listed
1092:
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991:
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2534:. Retrieved
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2352:the original
2339:
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2036:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2008:
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1987:. Retrieved
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1931:. Retrieved
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1383:
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1331:
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1271:Lake Belmore
1268:
1261:
1213:
1118:Content Mine
1101:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1064:Demographics
1047:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
997:
743:mm (inches)
385:
373:
367:
333:
332:
268:
232:
227:
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15:
2509:18 November
2417:21 December
2361:4 September
2299:21 November
1781:15 November
1754:15 November
1659:4 September
1634:4 September
1553:15 November
1446:Google Maps
1425:4 September
1393:4 September
1337:28 February
1296:Nevil Shute
1237: /
1224:142°14′57″E
1166:Court House
1084:2021 census
1077:2016 census
1070:2011 census
1054:Traveltrain
358:2021 census
340:within the
132:Postcode(s)
124:2021 census
106: /
81:Coordinates
2704:Categories
2664:East Creek
2649:Claraville
2628:Queensland
2536:5 December
2447:17 January
2391:28 January
2329:5 December
1810:16 January
1306:References
1258:Facilities
1243: (
1221:18°12′13″S
1050:Gulflander
1043:Townsville
815:(≥ 1.0 mm)
400:dry season
396:wet season
354:Gulflander
346:Queensland
313:Claraville
286:Strathmore
174:Georgetown
122:215 (
119:Population
30:Queensland
2669:Esmeralda
2644:Blackbull
2639:Bellfield
2407:"Croydon"
1695:CC BY 4.0
1569:"FreeBMD"
1452:20 August
1300:gold rush
1202:Education
1110:Croydon:
1037:In 1917,
910:dew point
364:Geography
318:Esmeralda
293:Blackbull
249:731.6 mm
168:Normanton
141:Elevation
2530:Archived
2503:Archived
2471:Archived
2441:Archived
2411:Archived
2385:Archived
2323:Archived
2293:Archived
1844:16 April
1775:Archived
1748:Archived
1719:archived
1697:license.
1603:Archived
1573:Archived
1547:Archived
1480:13 April
1474:Archived
1360:Archived
1021:Brisbane
1008:Tagalaka
982:Source:
912:°C (°F)
908:Average
808:(29.63)
739:Average
584:(100.4)
524:(111.0)
519:(109.9)
514:(111.0)
509:(108.0)
504:(102.9)
479:(100.4)
474:(103.5)
469:(106.2)
464:(109.0)
338:locality
244:20.4 °C
239:33.9 °C
156:Brisbane
149:Location
94:142°14′E
2659:Croydon
2654:Coralie
2477:6 March
1728:16 June
1527:19 July
1502:19 July
1443:(Map).
1082:In the
1075:In the
1068:In the
1013:Croydon
994:History
977:(57.6)
972:(64.9)
967:(58.8)
962:(54.1)
957:(48.2)
952:(45.9)
947:(45.9)
942:(49.3)
937:(54.7)
932:(60.4)
927:(67.6)
922:(72.0)
917:(70.0)
803:(4.43)
798:(1.78)
793:(0.56)
788:(0.21)
783:(0.10)
778:(0.17)
773:(0.31)
768:(0.35)
763:(0.96)
758:(4.67)
753:(7.09)
748:(8.80)
734:(36.7)
729:(59.0)
724:(62.1)
719:(52.0)
714:(44.6)
709:(41.4)
704:(36.7)
699:(39.0)
694:(42.8)
689:(52.7)
684:(57.0)
679:(63.0)
674:(62.6)
664:(68.8)
659:(76.3)
654:(75.9)
649:(72.5)
644:(66.6)
639:(60.3)
634:(57.4)
629:(58.5)
624:(64.2)
619:(69.8)
614:(73.9)
609:(75.0)
604:(75.6)
594:(92.9)
589:(99.1)
579:(98.4)
574:(93.7)
569:(88.2)
564:(84.6)
559:(84.6)
554:(88.9)
549:(93.0)
544:(93.7)
539:(94.1)
534:(95.9)
499:(99.0)
494:(95.7)
489:(95.4)
484:(98.2)
392:Köppen:
382:Climate
334:Croydon
308:Coralie
297:Croydon
251:28.8 in
212:Kennedy
200:Traeger
91:18°12′S
68:Croydon
25:Croydon
2674:Karron
2269:7 July
2241:7 July
2213:7 July
2185:7 July
2157:7 July
2129:7 July
2101:7 July
2073:7 July
2045:7 July
2017:7 July
1989:7 July
1961:7 July
1933:7 July
1905:7 July
1877:7 July
1681:5 June
1609:10 May
1579:28 May
1302:town.
1004:Cairns
415:Month
281:Howitt
276:Karron
183:LGA(s)
162:Cairns
2355:(PDF)
2348:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
1715:(PDF)
855:47.8
822:11.3
819:12.0
806:752.7
801:112.4
756:118.6
751:180.2
746:223.4
454:Year
246:69 °F
241:93 °F
2538:2023
2511:2020
2479:2016
2449:2018
2419:2011
2393:2020
2363:2015
2331:2023
2301:2018
2271:2013
2243:2013
2215:2013
2187:2013
2159:2013
2131:2013
2103:2013
2075:2013
2047:2013
2019:2013
1991:2013
1963:2013
1935:2013
1907:2013
1879:2013
1846:2020
1812:2014
1783:2009
1756:2009
1730:2014
1683:2024
1661:2015
1636:2015
1611:2014
1581:2016
1555:2009
1529:2024
1504:2024
1482:2022
1454:2021
1427:2015
1395:2015
1339:2023
975:14.2
970:18.3
965:14.9
960:12.3
935:12.6
930:15.8
925:19.8
920:22.2
915:21.1
864:(%)
852:7.3
849:3.9
846:1.4
843:0.5
840:0.3
837:0.5
834:0.7
831:0.9
828:1.7
825:7.3
796:45.2
791:14.2
761:24.4
727:15.0
722:16.7
717:11.1
687:11.5
682:13.9
677:17.2
672:17.0
662:20.5
657:24.6
652:24.4
647:22.5
642:19.2
637:15.7
632:14.1
627:14.7
622:17.9
617:21.0
612:23.3
607:23.9
602:24.2
592:33.8
587:37.3
582:38.0
577:36.9
572:34.3
567:31.2
562:29.2
557:29.2
552:31.6
547:33.9
542:34.3
537:34.5
532:35.5
522:43.9
517:43.3
512:43.9
507:42.2
502:39.4
497:37.2
492:35.4
487:35.2
482:36.8
477:38.0
472:39.7
467:41.2
462:42.8
451:Dec
448:Nov
445:Oct
442:Sep
439:Aug
436:Jul
433:Jun
430:May
427:Apr
424:Mar
421:Feb
418:Jan
374:The
136:4871
1294:by
1019:in
955:9.0
950:7.7
945:7.7
940:9.6
903:35
900:37
897:30
894:25
891:23
888:25
885:29
882:32
879:34
876:36
873:47
870:54
867:50
786:5.3
781:2.5
776:4.2
771:7.8
766:8.9
732:2.6
712:7.0
707:5.2
702:2.6
697:3.9
692:6.0
344:in
2706::
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2007:.
1979:.
1951:.
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1583:.
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1520:.
1418:.
1414:.
1403:^
1386:.
1382:.
1371:^
1330:.
1313:^
1280:.
1273:.
1045:.
2615:e
2608:t
2601:v
2578:.
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1993:.
1965:.
1937:.
1909:.
1881:.
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