1244:(Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario—MNR) espoused a broad multiclass alliance of workers, peasants, and middle-class elements to do battle with the antinational forces of the mining oligarchy and its foreign allies. It went on to conduct the 1952 Revolution, and in 1988 the MNR was back in power with Paz Estenssoro, its founder and leader, as president. Although the 1952 Revolution fundamentally transformed Bolivian society, a new political order was never fully implemented. Between 1952 and 1956, factions of the MNR debated alternative and novel modes of political organization, including proposals to implement a worker's assembly. By 1956, however, the 1947 constitution had been ratified. Apart from a powerful labor movement, organized as the Bolivian Labor Federation (Central Obrera Boliviana—COB), the MNR failed to create new institutions capable of channeling and controlling the demands of the groups mobilized by the 1952 Revolution.
1229:
by both military officers and middle-class civilian intellectuals. Under
Colonel Germán Busch Becerra (1937–39), a constituent assembly approved reforms in 1938 that were to have a lasting and profound impact on Bolivian society. Of greatest significance were changes that altered the pattern of relations between state and society. According to its provisions, human rights outweighed property rights, the national interest in the subsoil and its riches predominated, the state had a right to intervene in economic life and to regulate commerce, workers could organize and bargain collectively, and educational facilities for all children were mandated. The labor provision helped establish the basis for political parties by allowing the formation of miners' and peasants' unions that eventually played central roles in the 1952 Revolution.
1261:
powers. The functions of the public power—executive, legislative, and judicial—could not be united in a single branch of government. Although the
Constitution of 1967 recognized Roman Catholicism as the official state religion, it also guaranteed to all faiths the right to worship publicly. In theory, the people governed through their representatives and through other authorities established by law. The Constitution of 1967 became known to most Bolivians only in the 1980s because, for all practical purposes, it was in effect only until 1969 when a coup by General Alfredo Ovando Candia (copresident, May 1965-January 1966, and president, January–August 1966 and 1969–70) overthrew the civilian regime. Between then and 1979, the Constitution of 1967 was given only lip service by the military rulers who governed Bolivia.
1168:
congress comprised the Senate and the
Chamber of Tribunes, whose members had fixed terms, as well as a Chamber of Censors, whose members served for life. Theoretically, the Senate was responsible for codifying laws and reorienting church and court officials, the Chamber of Tribunes possessed general legislative powers, and the Chamber of Censors had oversight powers that included impeachment of members of the executive. In reality, the legislature's key functions were to name the president and to approve a list of successors submitted by the president. One of the long-lasting effects of the Bolivarian constitution was the establishment of an executive-based system. The Bolivarian constitution reflected the Spanish tradition of bureaucratic patrimonialism in which power rested in the executive branch.
1188:, a new constitution was adopted on August 31, 1831. The new constitution introduced bicameralism, dividing the body between the Chamber of Senators (Senate) and the Chamber of Deputies elected by proportional representation. Annual sessions for the National Congress (hereafter, Congress) were to run between sixty and ninety days. Although the president was given the power to dissolve congress, the new constitution abolished the lifetime presidency and limited the president to renewable four-year terms. Despite these limitations, however, presidential power actually increased during the presidency of Santa Cruz, and the trend toward greater concentration of power in the executive continued throughout Bolivia's history.
1236:(1943–46), another populist reformer. The principal changes included suffrage rights for women, but only in municipal elections, and the establishment of presidential and vice presidential terms of six years without immediate reelection. Reforms undertaken by military-populist governments, however, were partially rolled back following the overthrow and assassination of Villarroel in 1946. In 1947 a new constitution reduced the presidential term to four years and increased the powers of the Senate.
1280:
30:
382:
1216:
constitutional order complete with political parties, interest groups, and an active legislature. The country was also a prime example of a formal democracy with legally limited participation. Literacy and property requirements were still enforced to exclude the Indian population and the urban working class from politics. Political life was reserved for the privileged and a minuscule upper class.
2217:
1200:
presidential power, the constitutions promulgated under José Ballivián y
Segurola (1843), Manuel Isidoro Belzú Humérez (1851), José María Achá Valiente (1861), Mariano Melgarejo Valencia (1868), and Agustín Morales Hernández (1871) further concentrated power in the hands of the executive. As a rule, during this era Congress responded to the demands of whatever caudillo was in power.
1212:(1879–80), in which the combined forces of Bolivia and Peru suffered a humiliating defeat against Chile's armed forces. The end of the war gave rise to a new mining elite oriented to laissez-faire capitalism. Aided by the failure of Bolivia's armed forces in the war effort, this new elite was able to design a new civilian regime of "order and progress."
1228:
The economic crisis of the 1930s and the disastrous Chaco War (1932–35) exacerbated social tensions. The effects of the war would in turn have a dramatic effect on
Bolivian political life and its institutions. Between 1935 and 1952, middle-class reformist efforts converged into populist movements led
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For the next forty-two years, Bolivia was subjected to the whims of caudillos who dictated constitutional charters almost as regularly as changes of government occurred. Between 1839 and 1880, six constitutions were approved by the legislative power. Except for the constitution of 1839, which limited
1322:
from 6 August 2006 to 9 December 2007. The constitution was further modified by an
Editing Commission before being present to Congress on 14 December 2007; by the Cochabamba Dialogue between the President and opposition Prefects in September 2008; and in Congress during negotiations for a referendum
1195:
of 1836–39, Santa Cruz promulgated a new constitution that basically applied the principles of the 1831 charter to the alliance. The end of the confederation motivated Santa Cruz to institutionalize the strong executive model embodied in the 1831 charter. Because the president was given the power to
1167:
On
November 26, 1826, the Bolivarian constitution, written in Lima by the liberator Simón Bolívar Palacio, replaced the original document and instituted a fourfold separation of powers among a lifetime presidency, an independent judiciary, a tricameral congress, and an electoral body. The tricameral
1219:
The basic premises of representative democracy introduced in 1880 still prevailed in 1989. Specifically, congressional oversight prerogatives over executive behavior were introduced by law in 1884 when
Bolivia emerged from the War of the Pacific. The Law Governing Trials of Responsibilities was to
1215:
In 1880 Bolivia's most durable constitution was approved; it was to remain in effect for the next fifty-eight years. Under this constitution, bicameralism was fully adopted, and the legislative power became an important arena for political debate. During this period, Bolivia achieved a functioning
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was adopted during the 1952 Revolution. Bolívar also feared that rival elite factions would wage battle against each other for control over the new nation and became convinced that the best way to prevent instability and chaos was to institutionalize a strong, centralized, and lifetime presidency.
1256:
The overthrow of the MNR by
General René Barrientos Ortuño (president, 1964–65; copresident, May 1965-January 1966; and president, 1966–69) in 1964 initiated the contemporary era in Bolivian constitutional development. After calling elections in 1966 and invoking the 1947 constitution, Barrientos
1247:
The 1961 constitution institutionalized the gains of the 1952 Revolution by adopting universal suffrage, the nationalization of the mines, and agrarian reform. Factional disputes within the MNR, rooted in demands for access to state employment, undermined the party's capacity to carry out further
1260:
Under the terms of the
Constitution of 1967, Bolivia was a unitary republic that retains a democratic and representative democracy. Article 2 stipulated that sovereignty resides in the people, that it is inalienable, and that its exercise is delegated to the legislative, executive, and judicial
1171:
In many ways, the Bolivarian constitution reflected Bolívar's desire to prevent rule by the masses. As a result, the franchise was extended only to those literate in Spanish who either possessed property then worth 400 bolivianos or engaged in an art, in a science, or in some other remunerative
1239:
The post-Chaco War reformist efforts increased the role of the state, especially in terms of redressing social and economic grievances. The constitutions of this period reflected the rise of movements and groups that were to dominate Bolivian politics for the next forty years. For example, the
1163:
The Constituent Assembly that founded Bolivia in 1825 wrote the nation's first constitution establishing a centralized government with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Based on the United States Constitution and borrowing a few premises from the French Republic, the first charter
1180:
However, the Bolivarian constitution did not last long because of the great disparity that existed between the national aspirations of the state and its effective power over Bolivia's disparate regions and population. Between 1825 and 1880, Bolivian political life was dominated by a series of
1181:
quasi-military leaders, known as caudillos, who had emerged with the collapse of the Spanish Empire. Within the context of economic crisis, warring caudillos, and a semifeudal social structure, constitutions and the national government became prizes to be captured by one or another caudillo.
1257:
attempted to force through Congress a new corporatist charter. Because he sought democratic legitimacy, however, he was forced to give up his original project in favor of a constitution rooted firmly in the liberal democratic tradition that had inspired the authors of the 1880 charter.
1992:
1872:
1344:
plurinational, and secular (rather than a Catholic, as before) state, formally known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia. It calls for a mixed economy of state, private, and communal ownership; restricts private land ownership to a maximum of 5,000
1369:. The judiciary is reformed, and judges will be elected in the future and no longer appointed by the National Congress. It declares natural resources to be the exclusive dominion of the Bolivian people, administered by the state.
1857:
Constitución política del Estado, sancionada por el H. Congreso Nacional Extraordinario de 1961: promulgada por el Presidente Constitucional de la República Excmo. Dr. Víctor Paz Estenssoro el 4 de agosto de
1566:
869:
835:
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position. Domestic and personal servants were also denied the franchise. In short, voting rights were limited to a very small and privileged elite. Voting qualifications and restrictions remained until
1614:
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adopted liberal and representative democracy granting the congress autonomy and policy-making prerogatives. This constitution, however, was never adopted.
2247:
Prada Alcoreza, Raúl (2010). "Raúl Prada: A la interior de la Asamblea Constituyente". In Maristella Svampa; Pablo Stefanoni; Bruno Fornillo (eds.).
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reforms. In fact, the 1961 constitution served mainly the interests of Paz Estenssoro's faction of the MNR by providing for his reelection in 1964.
2040:
1357:
at the local and departmental level. It elevates the electoral authorities, to become a fourth constitutional power; introduces the possibility of
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1311:
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419:
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with 90.24% participation. The referendum was held on January 25, 2009, and the constitution was approved by 61.43% of voters.
349:
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326:
169:
164:
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will be acknowledged as Bolivia's capital, but the institutions will remain where they are (executive and legislative in
289:
1291:
1241:
263:
130:
120:
2318:
2041:"Libro nuevo derecho constitucional boliviano. socioconstitucionalismo., rene.- canelas lopez, Comprar en Buscalibre"
412:
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234:
210:
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for all elected officials; and enlarges the Senate. Members of the enlarged National Congress will be elected by
226:
218:
137:
197:
125:
77:
2290:
1233:
405:
319:
1090:
1192:
669:
2233:
306:
90:
2093:
567:
1921:"Bolivia: Ley de Necesidad de Reformas de la Constitución Política del Estado, 8 de agosto de 2002"
1425:
Constitutional reform by National Congress. Further reforms occurred in 1995, 2002, 2004, and 2005.
174:
1030:
493:
432:
Bolivia has had seventeen constitutions, including the present one, since its foundation in 1825.
1362:
1270:
55:
43:
2353:
Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado
525:
367:
296:
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331:
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635:
301:
190:
73:
8:
601:
20:
2126:
2081:
1446:
1209:
1173:
934:
102:
95:
1782:
1470:
1060:
737:
2153:
2114:
2016:
1896:
1734:
703:
357:
2267:"Evo Morales promulga la nueva Constitución y proclama el "socialismo comunitario""
1710:
1232:
Bolivia's constitution was again reformed in 1944 during the presidency of Colonel
1196:
dissolve the legislature, Congress was condemned to a passive and submissive role.
771:
2351:
2147:
1358:
1000:
801:
2226:
Eduardo A. Gamarra (December 1989). Rex A. Hudson and Dennis M. Hanratty (ed.).
902:
1968:
1944:
1920:
1855:
1319:
386:
2152:(in Spanish). Biblioteca y Archivo Histórico del Honorable Congreso Nacional.
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2221:
1341:
335:
2110:
Las constituciones de Bolivia; especialmente comp. por Ramón Salinas Mariaca
2065:
1377:, judiciary in Sucre). The electoral authorities will be situated in Sucre.
2322:
2118:
2249:
Balance y perspectivas: Intelectuales en el primer gobierno de Evo Morales
1264:
2347:
2262:
2227:
2017:"Bolivia: Constitución Política del Estado de 2009, 7 de febrero de 2009"
1897:"Bolivia: Constitución Política del Estado de 1995, 6 de febrero de 1995"
1330:
1120:
2108:
1279:
2286:
83:
1326:
It came into effect on February 7, 2009, when it was promulgated by
29:
1354:
539:
1567:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1851, 21 de septiembre de 1851"
507:
2220:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1831:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1947, 26 de noviembre de 1947"
1807:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1945, 24 de noviembre de 1945"
1447:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1826, 19 de noviembre de 1826"
1346:
1759:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1938, 30 de octubre de 1938"
1687:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1880, 28 de octubre de 1880"
1663:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1878, 15 de febrero de 1878"
1639:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1871, 18 de octubre de 1871"
1519:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1839, 26 de octubre de 1839"
1495:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1834, 20 de octubre de 1834"
1374:
1993:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1994, 12 de agosto de 1994"
1873:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1967, 2 de febrero de 1967"
1615:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1868, 1 de octubre de 1868"
1471:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1831, 14 de agosto de 1831"
1591:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1861, 5 de agosto de 1861"
1543:"Bolivia: Constitución política de 1843, 17 de junio de 1843"
1370:
1315:
644:
1350:
1220:
become an integral part of Bolivia's restricted democracy.
746:
678:
610:
1265:
Decentralization and 21st century constitutional reform
2106:
1310:
Bolivia's most recent Constitution was drafted by the
443:
The Constitution and the Bolivian presidential system
2313:
2251:(boliviana ed.). La Paz: Le Monde Diplomatique.
2225:
2362:
2067:Constitución política de la República de Bolivia
2063:
1783:"Bolivia: Decreto Ley de 4 de diciembre de 1939"
1735:"Bolivia: Decreto Ley de 23 de febrero de 1931"
1223:
943:
712:
576:
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1945:"Bolivia: Ley Nº 2631, 20 de febrero de 2004"
1398:Constitutional reform by National Convention.
1365:in the future, in a change from the previous
413:
2261:
1340:The 2009 Constitution defines Bolivia as a
1208:Caudillo politics came to an end after the
2131:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1969:"Bolivia: Ley Nº 3089, 6 de julio de 2005"
1861:(3. ed. particular autorizada ed.). .
420:
406:
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810:
2319:"Referéndum Nacional Constituyente 2009"
2107:Bolivia; Salinas Mariaca, Ramón (1947).
1416:Constitutional reform by Supreme Decree.
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1853:
472:
2363:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
1251:
464:
2291:"Bolivia promulga nueva Constitución"
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2145:
1711:"Bolivia: Ley de 24 de enero de 1921"
2255:
1407:Constitutional reform by referendum.
1274:
1203:
143:President of the Chamber of Deputies
13:
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1242:Nationalist Revolutionary Movement
121:Plurinational Legislative Assembly
14:
2392:
1186:Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana
480:
2356:(in Spanish). Editorial Gisbert.
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2149:Derecho constitucional boliviano
2064:Ordóñez López, Manuel; Bolivia.
1367:mixed member proportional system
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1184:Under the presidency of General
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28:
2340:
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2009:
1985:
1961:
1937:
1913:
1889:
1865:
1847:
1823:
1799:
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1751:
1727:
1703:
1679:
1655:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1631:
1607:
1583:
1559:
1535:
1511:
1487:
1463:
1439:
1314:, an elected body that met in
459:
448:
1:
1380:
198:Plurinational Electoral Organ
2371:Political history of Bolivia
2236:. Constitutional background.
1432:
1224:Chaco War to 1952 Revolution
7:
1353:); recognizes a variety of
1193:Peru-Bolivian Confederation
327:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
165:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
10:
2397:
2146:Trigo, Ciro Félix (2003).
1363:first past the post voting
1333:after being approved in a
1268:
1234:Gualberto Villarroel López
2234:Federal Research Division
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543:
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535:
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524:
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2315:Corte Nacional Electoral
2229:Bolivia: A Country Study
1385:
986:Congressional Convention
290:Administrative divisions
2376:Constitution of Bolivia
2348:Gisbert, Carlos D. Mesa
1271:Constitution of Bolivia
170:Constitutional Tribunal
131:President of the Senate
2381:Constitutional history
2113:(in Spanish). La Paz.
1191:Under the short-lived
1134:Direct universal vote
1104:Direct universal vote
1074:Direct universal vote
1044:Direct universal vote
1014:Direct qualified vote
982:Direct qualified vote
952:Direct qualified vote
916:Direct qualified vote
884:Direct qualified vote
849:Direct qualified vote
819:Direct qualified vote
785:Direct qualified vote
755:Direct qualified vote
721:Direct qualified vote
687:Direct qualified vote
653:Direct qualified vote
585:Direct qualified vote
346:Diplomatic missions of
1854:Bolivia, ed. (1962).
1107:Constituent Congress
1077:Constituent Assembly
1047:Constituent Congress
1017:Constituent Congress
788:Constituent Assembly
758:Constituent Assembly
724:Constituent Assembly
690:Constituent Assembly
588:Constituent Assembly
544:Constituent Assembly
512:Constituent Congress
436:List of constitutions
332:Chancellor of Bolivia
1312:Constituent Assembly
1138:Constituent Assembly
852:National Convention
822:National Convention
656:National Convention
622:National Convention
1252:1960s constitutions
920:National Convention
244:Recent referendums
138:Chamber of Deputies
126:Chamber of Senators
21:Politics of Bolivia
2175:, pp. 233–234
1290:. You can help by
1210:War of the Pacific
1174:universal suffrage
632:21 September 1851
387:Bolivia portal
103:Cabinet of Bolivia
96:David Choquehuanca
2159:978-99905-0-405-7
2045:www.buscalibre.us
1323:in October 2008.
1308:
1307:
1204:1880 Constitution
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1091:Sánchez de Lozada
997:26 November 1947
965:24 November 1945
862:23 February 1931
768:15 February 1878
490:19 November 1826
477:Constituent body
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363:Visa requirements
320:Foreign relations
274:(confidence vote)
207:Recent elections
203:Political parties
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1399:
1396:
1359:recall elections
1303:
1300:
1282:
1275:
1117:7 February 2009
1057:2 February 1967
945:
931:4 December 1939
899:30 October 1938
832:24 January 1921
812:
798:28 October 1880
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734:18 October 1871
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646:
612:
578:
564:26 October 1839
554:20 October 1834
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2034:
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2021:www.lexivox.org
2015:
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2001:
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1997:www.lexivox.org
1991:
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1643:www.lexivox.org
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1397:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1288:needs expansion
1273:
1267:
1254:
1226:
1206:
1161:
1140:
1087:12 August 1994
955:Supreme Decree
700:1 October 1868
522:14 August 1831
438:
426:
397:
393:Other countries
381:
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374:
373:
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354:
342:
322:
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69:
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23:
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5:
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2336:
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2306:
2289:(2009-02-07).
2278:
2265:(2009-02-08).
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2090:|website=
2056:
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2008:
1984:
1960:
1936:
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1269:Main article:
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1031:Paz Estenssoro
1028:
1027:4 August 1961
1025:
1021:
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866:Blanco Galindo
863:
860:
856:
855:
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850:
847:
844:
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826:
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675:
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666:5 August 1861
664:
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307:Municipalities
304:
299:
293:
288:
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284:
283:
280:
279:
278:
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269:
261:
258:(constitution)
253:
250:(constitution)
242:
241:
240:
232:
224:
216:
205:
200:
194:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:Supreme Court
172:
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145:
135:
134:
133:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
100:
99:
98:
91:Vice President
88:
87:
86:
70:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
58:
53:
47:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
33:
25:
24:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2393:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2325:on 2009-02-03
2324:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2243:
2235:
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2223:
2222:public domain
2212:
2210:
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2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
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2174:
2169:
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2150:
2142:
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2128:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2083:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1878:
1874:
1868:
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1293:
1289:
1286:This section
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1237:
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1230:
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1211:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1159:Early history
1152:
1148:
1145:
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1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
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1119:
1116:
1113:
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1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
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1092:
1089:
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1083:
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1073:
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1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
941:
938:
936:
933:
930:
927:
926:
923:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
881:No (2 terms)
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
828:
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824:
821:
818:
815:
808:
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803:
800:
797:
794:
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790:
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764:
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729:
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723:
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710:
707:
705:
702:
699:
696:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
676:
673:
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665:
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661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
627:
624:
621:
619:Popular vote
618:
615:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:17 June 1843
597:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
574:
571:
569:
566:
563:
560:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
546:
527:
521:
518:
517:
514:
511:
506:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
486:
485:
479:
476:
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468:
463:
458:
455:
452:
447:
446:
441:
433:
423:
418:
416:
411:
409:
404:
403:
401:
400:
394:
391:
390:
388:
378:
377:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
347:
344:
343:
337:
336:Rogelio Mayta
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
316:
315:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
286:
285:
276:
270:
268:
262:
260:
254:
252:
246:
245:
243:
239:
233:
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225:
223:
217:
215:
209:
208:
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204:
201:
199:
196:
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192:
187:
186:
179:
173:
171:
168:
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163:
162:
156:
155:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
112:
111:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
85:
82:
81:
79:
75:
72:
71:
65:
64:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
2352:
2341:Bibliography
2327:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2309:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:
2281:
2270:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2242:
2228:
2173:Gisbert 2003
2168:
2148:
2141:
2109:
2102:
2071:. Retrieved
2066:
2059:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1867:
1856:
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1339:
1325:
1309:
1296:
1292:adding to it
1287:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1150:
1101:No (1 term)
1071:No (1 term)
1011:No (1 term)
979:No (1 term)
949:No (1 term)
913:No (1 term)
846:No (1 term)
816:No (1 term)
782:No (1 term)
752:No (1 term)
684:No (1 term)
650:No (1 term)
616:No (1 term)
582:No (1 term)
456:Promulgated
431:
56:Human rights
50:
44:Constitution
2263:El Mercurio
1331:Evo Morales
935:Quintanilla
469:Reelection
368:Visa policy
297:Departments
177:(1825–2012)
115:Legislative
2365:Categories
2329:2009-02-09
2300:2009-02-12
2272:2009-02-12
2073:2021-04-23
2050:2021-04-23
2026:2021-04-23
2002:2021-04-23
1978:2021-05-04
1954:2021-05-04
1930:2021-05-04
1906:2021-05-04
1882:2021-04-23
1840:2021-04-23
1816:2021-04-23
1792:2021-05-08
1768:2021-04-23
1744:2021-04-23
1720:2021-04-23
1696:2021-04-23
1672:2021-04-23
1648:2021-04-23
1624:2021-04-23
1600:2021-04-23
1576:2021-04-23
1552:2021-04-23
1528:2021-04-23
1504:2021-04-23
1480:2021-04-23
1456:2021-04-23
1381:References
1355:autonomies
1335:referendum
1142:Referendum
1061:Barrientos
969:Villarroel
888:Referendum
540:S.P.E.J.P.
526:Santa Cruz
350:in Bolivia
266:(autonomy)
237:(regional)
213:(regional)
2287:BBC World
2127:cite book
2092:ignored (
2082:cite book
1433:Footnotes
1328:President
1299:July 2011
704:Melgarejo
602:Ballivián
498:For life
302:Provinces
229:(general)
221:(general)
191:Elections
159:Judiciary
84:Luis Arce
74:President
68:Executive
2350:(2003).
2295:BBC News
1349:(12,400
1347:hectares
1151:Sources:
1125:5 years
1095:5 years
1065:4 years
1035:4 years
1005:4 years
973:6 years
939:4 years
907:4 years
875:4 years
840:4 years
806:4 years
776:4 years
742:4 years
708:4 years
674:3 years
640:5 years
606:8 years
572:4 years
530:4 years
508:S.E.L.P.
358:Passport
2119:1807714
1342:unitary
1121:Morales
1001:Hertzog
802:Campero
738:Morales
568:Velasco
51:History
2224:.
2156:
2117:
1375:La Paz
944:P.Sen.
811:2 V.P.
747:P.C.S.
713:P.Sen.
679:P.C.S.
645:P.C.M.
611:P.N.C.
577:P.Sen.
1386:Notes
1371:Sucre
1351:acres
1320:Oruro
1316:Sucre
903:Busch
836:Junta
809:Yes (
636:Belzu
494:Sucre
473:Syst.
453:Date
272:2008
264:2008
256:2009
248:2016
235:2015
227:2019
219:2020
211:2021
2154:ISBN
2133:link
2115:OCLC
2094:help
1858:1961
1318:and
1131:Yes
1128:Yes
1098:Yes
1068:Yes
1041:Yes
1038:Yes
1008:Yes
976:Yes
942:No (
910:Yes
878:Yes
843:Yes
779:Yes
772:Daza
745:No (
718:Yes
711:No (
677:No (
670:Acha
643:No (
609:No (
575:No (
536:Yes
533:Yes
501:Yes
481:Ref.
465:V.P.
460:Per.
78:list
1294:.
1114:17
1054:16
1024:15
994:14
962:13
896:12
795:11
765:10
449:No.
2367::
2317:.
2293:.
2232:.
2180:^
2129:}}
2125:{{
2086::
2084:}}
2080:{{
2043:.
2019:.
1995:.
1971:.
1947:.
1923:.
1899:.
1875:.
1833:.
1809:.
1785:.
1761:.
1737:.
1713:.
1689:.
1665:.
1641:.
1617:.
1593:.
1569:.
1545:.
1521:.
1497:.
1473:.
1449:.
1084:–
946:)
928:–
872:)
859:–
829:–
813:)
749:)
731:9
715:)
697:8
681:)
663:7
647:)
629:6
613:)
595:5
579:)
561:4
551:3
519:2
504:–
487:1
348:/
334::
80:)
2332:.
2303:.
2275:.
2162:.
2135:)
2121:.
2096:)
2076:.
2053:.
2029:.
2005:.
1981:.
1957:.
1933:.
1909:.
1885:.
1843:.
1819:.
1795:.
1771:.
1747:.
1723:.
1699:.
1675:.
1651:.
1627:.
1603:.
1579:.
1555:.
1531:.
1507:.
1483:.
1459:.
1301:)
1297:(
870:J
868:(
421:e
414:t
407:v
76:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
