1459:. This narrative portrayed Japanese soldiers as brutish simians, and it depicted their concealed positions being betrayed by their repugnant body odor. Chinese characters received the same treatment. "By the time the United States entered WWII, negative perceptions of Chinese were an established part of mass culture...." However, concerned that the Japanese could use America's anti-Chinese material as propaganda they began "to present a more positive image of America's Chinese allies..." Just as they tried to show better representation for Black people in comics they did the same for Asian people. However, "Japanese and Filipino characters were visually indistinguishable. Both groups have grotesque buckteeth, tattered clothing, and bright yellow skin." "Publishers depicted America's Asian allies through derogatory images and language honed over the preceding decades." Asian characters were previously portrayed as, "ghastly yellow demons". During WWII, " major superhero worth his spandex devoted himself to the eradication of Asian invaders." There was "a constant relay race in which one Asian culture merely handed off the baton of hatred to another with no perceptible changes in the manner in which the characters would be portrayed."
1441:, an all-black air force unit. Instead of making the comic about their story, the comic was about Hop Harrigan. A white pilot who captures a Nazi, shows him videos of the 99th Squadron defeating his men and then reveals to the Nazi that his men were defeated by African Americans which infuriated him as he sees them as a less superior race and cannot believe they bested his men."The Tuskegee Airmen, and images of black aviators appear in just three of the fifty three panels... the pilots of the 99th Squadron have no dialogue and interact with neither Hop Harrigan nor his Nazi captive." During this time, they also used black characters in comic books as a means to invalidate the militant black groups that were fighting for equality within the U.S. "Spider-Man 'made it clear that militant black power was not the remedy for racial injustice'." "The Falcon openly criticized black behavior stating' maybe it's important fo [
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components of comic books encompass panels, speech bubbles (also known as balloons), text lines, and characters. Speech balloons generally take the form of convex containers that hold character dialogue and are connected to the character via a tail element. The tail comprises an origin, path, tip, and directional point. The creation of comic books involves several essential steps: writing, drawing, and coloring. Various technological tools and methods are employed to craft comic books, incorporating concepts such as directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these formatting guidelines, the process unfolds with writing, drawing, and coloring. In the United States, the term "comic book", is generally used for comics
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raccoon, is dehumanizing. As with Sambo, the coon was portrayed as a lazy, easily frightened, chronically idle, inarticulate, buffoon." This portrayal "was of course another attempt to solidify the intellectual inferiority of the black race through popular culture." However, in the 1940s there was a change in portrayal of black characters. "A cursory glance...might give the impression that situations had improved for
African Americans in comics." In many comics being produced in this time there was a major push for tolerance between races. "These equality minded heroes began to spring to action just as African Americans were being asked to participate in the war effort."
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1922:. Although on a smaller scale than similar investigations in the US, such concerns led to a moderation of content published within British comics. Such moderation never became formalized to the extent of promulgating a code, nor did it last long. The UK has also established a healthy market in the reprinting and repackaging of material, notably material originating in the US. The lack of reliable supplies of American comic books led to a variety of black-and-white reprints, including Marvel's monster comics of the 1950s, Fawcett's
40:
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1432:, there was a character named Steamboat who embodied a collection of highly negative stereotypes prevalent during that period. The Writers' War Board did not request any alterations to this character despite the problematic portrayal. The removal of Steamboat from the series only came about due to the persistent advocacy of a black youth group based in New York City." Originally their request was refused by individuals working on the comic stating, "
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Americans, they were also using it as propaganda to " a justification for race-based hatred of
America's foreign enemies." The Writers' War Board created comics books that were meant to " domestic racial harmony". However, "these pro-tolerance narratives struggled to overcome the popular and widely understood negative tropes used for decades in American mass culture...". However, they were not accomplishing this agenda within all of their comics.
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worth of US$ 8.49 billion. This positive trajectory continued in 2021, with the market's annual valuation surging to US$ 9.21 billion. The rising popularity of comic books can be attributed to heightened global interest, driven significantly by collaborative efforts among diverse brands. These collaborations are geared towards producing more engaging and appealing comic content, contributing to the industry's continued growth.
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1462:"The only specific depiction of a Hispanic superhero did not end well. In 1975, Marvel gave us Hector Ayala (a.k.a The White Tiger)." "Although he fought for several years alongside the likes of much more popular heroes such as Spider-Man and Daredevil, he only lasted six years before sales of comics featuring him got so bad that Marvel had him retire. The most famous Hispanic character is Bane, a villain from Batman."
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836:, which launched an investigation into comic books. Wertham argued that comic books were accountable for a surge in juvenile delinquency and posed a potential impact on a child's sexuality and moral values. In response to attention from the government and from the media, the US comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the
1211:#15. New characters were frequently introduced in this manner, waiting for an established audience before launching their own titles. Consequently, comics featuring the debut appearance of a significant character can sometimes be even more challenging to locate than the inaugural issue of that character's standalone series.
1849:. The stock media phrase "real 'Roy of the Rovers' stuff" is often used by football writers, commentators and fans when describing displays of great skill, or surprising results that go against the odds, in reference to the dramatic storylines that were the strip's trademark. Other comic books such as
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included many kinds of caricatures 'for the sake of humor'." The black youth group responded with "this is not the Negro race, but your one-and-a-half millions readers will think it so." Afterwards, Steamboat disappeared from the comics all together. There was a comic created about the 99th
Squadron,
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Comic books heavily rely on their organization and visual presentation. Authors dedicate significant attention to aspects like page layout, size, orientation, and the positioning of panels. These characteristics are crucial for effectively conveying the content and messages within the comic book. Key
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in the 1930s. By 1950 the weekly circulation of both reached two million. Explaining the enormous popularity of comics in the UK during this period, Anita O'Brien, director curator at London's
Cartoon Museum, states: "When comics like the Beano and Dandy were invented back in the 1930s â and through
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The creation of these original artwork pages involves a collaborative effort: a writer crafts the story, a pencil artist designs the sequential panels on the page, an ink artist goes over the pencil with pen and ink, a letterer provides the dialogue and narration through hand-lettering, and finally,
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Comic book collectors often exhibit a lifelong passion for the stories within comics, often focusing on specific superheroes and striving to gather a complete collection of a particular series. Comics are assigned sequential numbers, and the initial issue of a long-lasting comic book series tends to
1174:
In 2017, the comic book market size for North
America was just over $ 1 billion with digital sales being flat, book stores having a 1 percent decline, and comic book stores having a 10 percent decline over 2016. The global comic book market saw a substantial 12% growth in 2020, reaching a total
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Many early iterations of black characters in comics "became variations on the 'single stereotypical image of Sambo'." Sambo was closely related to the coon stereotype but had some subtle differences. They are both a derogatory way of portraying black characters. "The name itself, an abbreviation of
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by an impartial company, one that does not engage in buying or selling comics, seemed promising. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether the relatively high cost of this grading service is justified and whether it serves the interests of collectors or mainly caters to speculators
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of the time. Underground comix "reflected and commented on the social divisions and tensions of
American society". Many had an uninhibited, often irreverent style; their frank depictions of nudity, sex, profanity, and politics had no parallel outside their precursors, the pornographic and even more
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When the printer returns the original artwork pages, they are typically returned to the artists themselves. These artists sometimes opt to sell these pages at comic book conventions, in galleries, and at art shows centered around comic book art. The original pages from DC and Marvel, featuring the
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in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year, which required all comic books to go through a process of approval. It was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. The Code was made formally defunct in
November 2011.
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The Native
American representation in comic books "can be summed up in the noble savage stereotype" " a recurring theme...urged American indians to abandon their traditional hostility towards the United States. They were the ones painted as intolerant and disrespectful of the dominant concerns of
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have made the switch from traditional print manhwa to online webtoons thanks to better pay and more freedom than traditional print manhwa. The webtoon format has also expanded to other countries outside of Korea like China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and
Western countries. Major webtoon distributors
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Tomlinson, Alan; Young, Christopher (2000), "Golden Boys and Golden
Memories: Fiction, Ideology, and Reality in Roy of the Rovers and the Death of the Hero", in Jones, Dudley; Watkins, Tony, A Necessary Fantasy?: the Heroic Figure in Children's Popular Culture: Vol 18, Garland Publishing. pp.
954:. Some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. While their content generally remained less explicit, others resembled the output of mainstream publishers in format and genre but were published by smaller artist-owned companies or by single artists. A few (notably
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During this time, a government ran program, the Writers' War Board, became heavily involved in what would be published in comics. "The Writers' War Board used comic books to shape popular perceptions of race and ethnicity..." Not only were they using comic books as a means of recruiting all
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Collectors also seek out the original artwork pages from comic books, which are perhaps the most rarefied items in the realm of comic book collecting. These pages hold unparalleled scarcity due to the fact that there exists only one unique page of artwork for every page that was printed and
1447:] us to cool things down-so we can protect the rights we been fightin' for'." This portrayal and character development of black characters can be partially blamed on the fact that, during this time, "there had rarely been a black artist or writer allowed in a major comics company."
1973:" in comic book history. These writers and artists brought with them their own mature themes and philosophy such as anarchy, controversy and politics common in British media. These elements would pave the way for mature and "darker and edgier" comic books and jump start the
3831:
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Asian characters within comic books encountered similar prejudiced treatment as black characters did. They were subjected to dehumanizing depictions, with narratives often portraying them as "incompetent and subhuman." In a 1944 edition of the publication
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is used in South Korea to refer to both comics and cartooning in general. Outside South Korea, the term usually refers to comics originally published in the country. Manhwa is greatly influenced by Japanese Manga comics though it differs from manga and
1311:
seeking rapid profits, akin to trading in stocks or fine art. Comic grading has played a role in establishing standards for valuation, which online price guides such as GoCollect and GPAnalysis utilize to provide real-time market value information.
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format, with approximately 100 to 132 pages. Collections of classic material for the most famous characters, usually with more than 200 pages, are also common. Author comics are published in the French BD format, with an example being Pratt's
730:
as the first true newsstand American comic book; Goulart, for example, calls it "the cornerstone for one of the most lucrative branches of magazine publishing". In 1905 G.W. Dillingham Company published 24 select strips by the cartoonist
1227:
The most valuable American comics have combined rarity and quality with the first appearances of popular and enduring characters. Four comic books have sold for over US$ 1 million as of December 2010, including two examples of
1193:. Initially, comic books were marketed by publishers to children because comic books were perceived as children's entertainment. However, with increasing recognition of comics as an art form and the growing pop culture presence of
1734:(1884) was aimed at an adult market, publishers quickly targeted a younger demographic, which has led to most publications being for children and has created an association in the public's mind of comics as somewhat juvenile.
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Webtoons have become popular in South Korea as a new way to read comics. Thanks in part to different censorship rules, color and unique visual effects, and optimization for easier reading on smartphones and computers. More
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The comic book industry has struggled with distribution issues throughout its history, as numerous mainstream retailers have been hesitant to stock substantial quantities of the most engaging and sought-after comics. The
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began in 1938, with the debut of Superman in Action Comics #1, published by Detective Comics (predecessor of DC Comics), which is generally considered the beginning of the modern comic book as it is known today. The
598:
issues per person. In 2020 the manga market in Japan reached a new record value of „612.5 billion due to a fast growth of digital manga sales as well as an increase in print sales. The comic book market in the
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Misprints, promotional comic-dealer incentive printings, and issues with exceptionally low distribution tend to possess scarcity value in the comic book market. The rarest modern comic books include the
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published "Comics Novel No. 1", as the first in an intended series of these "comics novels". The story in the first issue was "Anarcho, Dictator of Death", a five chapter spy genre tale written by
710:
in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. Proto-comics periodicals began appearing early in the 20th century, with the first comic standard-sized comic being
4209:
1962:
serials have been successfully translated and repackaged in softcover books. The number of European comics available in the UK has increased in the last two decades. The British company
1302:(CGC) initiated the practice of "slabbing" comics, which involves encasing them within thick plastic cases and assigning them a numerical grade. This approach inspired the emergence of
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Numerous libraries house extensive collections of comics in the form of graphic novels. This serves as a convenient means for the general public to become acquainted with the medium.
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be both the scarcest and the most coveted among collectors. The introduction of a new character might occur within an existing title. For instance, the first appearance of
3832:"Comic Book Market Expected to Reach USD 12.81 billion by 2028 | Comic Book Industry Share, Business Statistics, Latest Trends, and Analysis by Fortune Business Insightsâą"
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2681:. The comic book measures 69.9 by 99.8 centimetres (2 feet 3.5 inches by 3 feet 3.3 inches). The 18-page comic book had a print run of 120 copies.
1220:#1 from 1939. Eight copies, plus one without a cover, emerged in the estate of the deceased publisher in 1974. The "Pay Copy" of this book sold for $ 43,125 in a 2005
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4419:
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once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.
51:
A common comic-book cover format displays the issue number, date, price and publisher along with an illustration and cover copy which may include a story's title.
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3878:"Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1 Pay Copy (First Funnies, Inc., 1939) CGC VF/NM 9.0 Cream to off-white pages. This is one of... Golden Age (1938â1955)Superhero"
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With the growing popularity of smartphones and tablets, many major publishers have begun releasing titles in digital form. The most popular platform is
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originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, though the art form has a long prehistory in earlier
6518:
6508:
2472:) made their debut as humor strips at the end of the 19th century, and later evolved into adventure stories. After World War II, however, artists like
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1013:, arose in the 1980s and became increasingly popular among artists in the 1990s, despite reaching an even more limited audience than the small press.
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1005:
A number of small publishers in the 1990s, changed the format and distribution of their comics to more closely resemble non-comics publishing. The "
880:. The underground comics encouraged creators to publish their work independently so that they would have full ownership rights to their characters.
6241:
1025:
763:, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power.
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1132:, touted as "an original full-length novel" on its cover. "It Rhymes with Lust" is also available to read online in the Digital Comic Museum.
43:
Comic books on display at a museum, depicting how they would have been displayed at a rail station store in the first half of the 20th century
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1938:. Several reprint companies became involved in repackaging American material for the British market, notably the importer and distributor
512:(1884) which is notable for its use of sequential cartoons to unfold narrative. These British comics existed alongside the popular lurid "
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that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually, dialogue contained in
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Japanese comics, operate in a far larger market in Japan than the American "underground comix" market; the largest dĆjinshi fair,
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from Marvel's history online. The service also includes periodic release new comics not available elsewhere. With the release of
3714:
2274:â dominated the Spanish comics market during its golden age (1950â1970). The most popular comics showed a recognizable style of
6193:
4776:
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1764:). First published in the 1830s, penny dreadfuls were "Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for the young."
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In the 1980s, a resurgence of British writers and artists gained prominence in mainstream comic books, which was dubbed the "
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is generally considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form, with the debut of the
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in an anthology book called 'The Incredible Upside-Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo'. The introduction of
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Hirsch, Paul (2014). ""This Is Our Enemy": The Writers' War Board and Representations of Race in Comic Books, 1942â1945".
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2591:#1, Marvel also became the first publisher to provide free digital copies as part of the print copy of the comic book.
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The precise era of the Golden Age is disputed, though most agree that it was born with the launch of Superman in 1938.
859:. Published and distributed independently of the established comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth
6635:
6018:
4504:
4142:
Mizoguchi Akiko (2003). "Male-Male Romance by and for Women in Japan: A History and the Subgenres of Yaoi Fictions".
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title for having the "Most copies published for the same comic book series by a single author". His manga series
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was the first book that established the size, duration, and format of the modern comic book. Following this was,
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reported in their announcement that the collected volumes of the series had sold a total of 320,866,000 units.
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96:
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1950:
also opened offices in the 1990s. The repackaging of European material has occurred less frequently, although
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in general. Outside Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country.
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Italian cartoonists show the influence of comics from other countries, including France, Belgium, Spain, and
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1918:, another title aimed at children and launched in the mid-1970s, became the subject of discussion in the
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872:". Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as
817:, is less well-defined, with the Bronze Age running from the very early 1970s through the mid-1980s. The
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artists have traditionally worked in other markets finding great success, either in the American (e.g.,
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2130:, released a set of stamps depicting British comic book characters and series. The collection featured
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would be a century later." British comics in the early 20th century typically evolved from illustrated
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popularized the term "graphic novel" when he used it on the cover of the paperback edition of his work
706:
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really to the 1950s and 60s â these comics were almost the only entertainment available to children."
890:, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comix; while
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and Japanese manga each represent 40% of the market, followed by American comics at 10% market share.
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1970:
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published this instructional graphic novel in 2018 to keep youth from spreading infectious diseases.
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1952:
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at 41%, manga at 28% and superhero comics at 10% of the market. Another major comic book market is
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magazine which was the first to use the term "cartoon" in its modern sense of a humorous drawing.
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as "one of the world's first iconic cartoon characters", and "as famous in Victorian Britain as
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in 2016. As of 2017, the largest comic book publisher in the United States is manga distributor
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which was released in a CD-booklet-shaped comic book as part of the CD edition with the title "
785:#4 (Oct. 1956). The Silver Age lasted through the late 1960s or early 1970s, during which time
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1306:. Given the significance of condition in determining the value of rare comics, the concept of
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The Secret Identity of Race: Exploring Ethnic and Racial Portrayals in Superhero Comic Books
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1287:", which the publisher considered offensive; only 100 copies exist, most of which have been
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title for the "Largest comic book ever published" was awarded to the Brazilian comic book
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what became known as
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4668:"Japanese manga One Piece sets record for most printed comic series by one author ever"
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971:" culture grew and diversified. By the 1980s, several independent publishers â such as
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A significant event in the timeline of American comic books occurred when psychiatrist
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4049:"The Coon Caricature - Anti-black Imagery - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University"
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1966:, founded in 2005, has released English translated versions of many European series.
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This article is about periodicals containing comics. For the comics art medium, see
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a colorist adds color as the final touch before the pages are sent to the printer.
1261:, the highest sale on record for this book is $ 3.2 million, for a 9.0 copy.
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Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras. The
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549:, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term
545:, was released in the U.S. in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor
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Reading Comics: Language, Culture, and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books
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in the late 1970s created and paralleled a dedicated market for "independent" or "
6557:
6530:
6475:
6426:
6412:
6360:
6304:
5936:
5818:
5805:
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3928:
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3428:
3280:
3221:
2933:
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2684:
With the July 2021 publication of the 201st collected volume of his manga series
2562:
2507:
Mainstream comics are usually published on a monthly basis, in a black-and-white
2480:
exposed Italian comics to an international audience. Popular comic books such as
2430:
2416:
2403:
2341:
2275:
2168:
2085:
2049:
1905:
1772:
1670:
France and Belgium have a long tradition in comics and comic books, often called
1637:
1438:
1344:
1299:
1292:
1207:
1029:
1010:
999:
991:â had started releasing a wide range of styles and formatsâfrom color-superhero,
915:
825:
732:
721:
704:
Comics as a print medium have existed in the United States since the printing of
591:
413:
270:
255:
250:
3141:
Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More
3100:
2637:, which he writes and illustrates, has been serialized in the Japanese magazine
995:, and science-fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of
6562:
6535:
6455:
6350:
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5887:
5882:
5855:
5833:
5790:
5761:
5749:
5720:
5495:
5453:
5421:
5339:
5285:
4972:
4808:
Manga from the Floating World: Comic book Culture and the KibyĂŽshi of Edo Japan
4356:
2778:
2748:
2708:
since October 1968, which also makes it the oldest manga still in publication.
2442:
2199:
2144:
2023:
1983:
1914:
1747:
1705:
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976:
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860:
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513:
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367:
357:
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295:
238:
213:
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3783:"Digital Comic Museum - It Rhymes With Lust GN [original](Matt Baker)"
3159:
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620:
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429:
337:
285:
275:
221:
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148:
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1692:. Belgian comic books originally written in Dutch show the influence of the
960:) represented experimental attempts to bring comics closer to the status of
5867:
5850:
5813:
5548:
5406:
5361:
5084:
5079:
5031:
4957:
4446:
Please, Sir, I Want Some Moore / How Alan Moore transformed American comics
3707:"In 1964, Richard Kyle Coined The Term Graphic Novel | Global Book Writers"
3139:
3073:
2622:
2619:
2477:
2228:
2070:
2028:
1869:
1751:
1493:
1324:
1117:
1103:
1017:
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933:
864:
736:
672:
651:. The best-selling comic book categories in the US as of 2019 are juvenile
636:
566:
495:
290:
265:
260:
122:
4581:"Embracing Tablets, Comic Book Publishers Cash in on a Digital Revolution"
4032:
2100:
1238:, both sold privately through online dealer ComicConnect.com in 2010, and
6460:
6438:
5785:
5094:
5048:
5004:
4989:
4523:
4470:"The Writers of Hellblazer: Interviews with Jamie Delano and Garth Ennis"
3597:
3292:
3238:
2691:
2530:
2526:
2508:
2408:
2344:, there was an increased interest in adult comics with magazines such as
2294:
2104:
2044:
2012:
1935:
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968:
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362:
153:
143:
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1513:
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Precursors of the form existed by the 1920s, which saw a revival of the
585:
39:
6480:
5490:
5112:
5074:
4722:
4048:
3943:"Superman's Action Comics No. 1 sells for record $ 3.2 million on eBay"
2595:
2558:
2494:
2473:
2451:
2127:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2061:
1978:
1808:
1501:
1202:
1021:
942:, which continued sporadic publication into the 21st century and which
924:
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679:
640:
502:
393:
1662:
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5543:
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2704:
2633:
2599:
2534:
2522:
2500:
2399:
2350:
2241:
2138:
2132:
2095:
At Christmas, publishers repackage and commission material for comic
2001:
1989:
1943:
1803:
1797:
1777:
1653:
1141:
1139:
and collaborators applied a paperback format to their "comics novel"
1129:
1113:
1077:
1006:
992:
896:
873:
756:
752:
616:
612:
47:
4202:"Top hats off to Marie Duval, a lost Victorian cartoonist sensation"
3189:"What's The Difference Between Graphic Novels and Trade Paperbacks?"
1155:
in 1978 and, subsequently, the usage of the term began to increase.
813:. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the following era, the
747:
in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry and ushered in the
506:
was a British comic published from 1890 to 1953. It was preceded by
6381:
6129:
5518:
5139:
5124:
5036:
4445:
2783:
2686:
2482:
2421:
2288:
1995:
1963:
1842:
1583:
1537:
1340:
1258:
1235:
1136:
1066:
961:
891:
794:
744:
628:
173:
6333:
3064:"French Comics In 2013 â It's Not All Asterix. But Quite A Bit Is"
2934:"Manga sales top 600 billion yen in 2020 for first time on record"
2719:
2525:. Italy is also famous for being one of the foremost producers of
2244:
comics were forbidden and as a result, comic heroes were based on
1767:
424:
5041:
5019:
3541:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic book fandom and cultural capital".
3514:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic Book Fandom and Cultural Capital".
3324:
Atomic Culture: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
2733:
1958:
1841:, the hugely popular football based strip recounting the life of
1541:
1351:
are regarded as priceless treasures within the comic book world.
1323:
debut appearances of iconic characters such as Superman, Batman,
1069:
922:" in the US. The first such comics included the anthology series
178:
117:
69:
6345:
6227:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
5756:
5715:
5433:
4929:
2565:
have turned out to be an ideal medium for online distribution.
1615:
1595:
1590:
1571:
1558:
1553:
1385:
re-write to make less reliant on quotes, better fit WP's style.
1284:
1245:
656:
632:
604:
487:
317:
305:
61:
31:
2948:"Japan's Manga and Comic Industry Hits Record Profits in 2020"
2698:
title for "Most volumes published for a single manga series."
2252:
was created by Manuel Gago and another popular medieval hero,
6448:
6431:
5744:
5134:
4751:"Golgo 13 Author Saito Discusses Manga's Hypothetical Ending"
4420:"The British Invasion, Part 3: Neil Gaiman & Swamp Thing"
2659:
title for "Most copies published for the same manga series".
2465:
2376:
2215:
2211:
2162:
1603:
1599:
1485:
1480:
832:(1954). This critique led to the involvement of the American
648:
561:
300:
2065:, which is largely set in Britain and starring the magician
1028:, buoyed by such advances in printing technology as digital
4847:"How Comic Books Became Part of the Literary Establishment"
3328:. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. p.
3273:
Gustave Verbeek, Little Lady Lovekins, and Old Man Muffaroo
2996:"Viz Manga Sales are Destroying DC, Marvel in Comic Market"
1696:"Franco-Belgian" comics but have their own distinct style.
1336:
644:
4269:"Penny dreadfuls: the Victorian equivalent of video games"
3105:
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
2702:
has been continuously serialized in the Japanese magazine
2123:
strips in softcover A4-size books for the holiday season.
4898:
4879:
3739:(Routledge New Accents Library Collection, 2005), p. 291
3361:
3101:"Knowledge-driven understanding of images in comic books"
1443:
3903:
Batman comic book beats Superman at auction, sets record
1561:(ë§í) are comic books or graphic novels originating from
4637:"Integrating Comics into Your Exhibits and Collections"
4325:"Dandy owner DC Thomson to end comic's printed edition"
4037:(PhD dissertation). University of Southern Mississippi.
3765:"Digital Comic Museum - Comics Novel 001 (1 fiche)-c2c"
2581:, a subscription service allowing readers to read many
2537:, known in English as Superduck, was created in Italy.
2107:
supplies a famous example of the British comic annual.
1724:
is regarded as the first recurring character in comics.
1279:
recalled and pulped due to the appearance of a vintage
1214:
Some rare comic books include copies of the unreleased
4894:
Collectorism â a place for collectors and collectibles
4524:"Beano's Dennis the Menace on Royal Mail comic stamps"
2232:
was influential in popularizing the medium. After the
1354:
1091:
and drawn by Al Carreno. It is readable online in the
4874:
3037:"Why Manga & Comics for Kids Outsell Superheroes"
828:
voiced his criticisms of the medium through his book
560:
The largest comic book market is Japan. By 1995, the
2963:"Growing comic market reached $ 1.9 billion in 2016"
2715:
1016:
Small publishers regularly releasing titles include
4161:"La véritable histoire des mots " bande dessinée ""
2827:, Routledge, 2015 (first published in 2000), p. xv.
1680:, meaning literally "drawn strips") in French, and
4845:
3801:"Comics and graphic novel sales down 6.5% in 2017"
3321:
2814:#1, New York: Papercutz, December 2012, pp. 61â62.
2126:On 19 March 2012, the British postal service, the
1295:for more pulped, recalled, and erroneous comics.)
6242:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
2605:
6682:
3880:. Comics.ha.com. 14 October 2005. Archived from
6041:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
4578:
4554:"Quanto vendono i fumetti Bonelli: I dati 2014"
4351:
4349:
4302:"Was Pixar's Inside Out inspired by The Beano?"
4190:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 240.
3787:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
3769:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
2240:regime imposed strict censorship in all media:
1518:
1152:A Contract with God, and Other Tenement Stories
6232:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
6120:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
4665:
4611:"Avenging Spider-Man #1 Makes Digital History"
4230:
3830:Insights, Fortune Business (27 January 2022).
3509:
3507:
3320:Zeman, Scott C.; Amundson, Michael A. (2004).
2278:(influenced by Franco-Belgian authors such as
1818:was created in the 1950s, which saw sales for
1525:
583:
6397:
4914:
4829:Inge, M. Thomas (1979). "Comics as Culture".
4488:
3922:Superman comic sells for record $ 3.2 million
3454:Fagan, Bryan D.; Condit, Jody Condit (2011).
3389:
3319:
2876:. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. pp.
2226:) made their debut around 1857. The magazine
2214:"comic", although comic books (also known in
1897:titles have also appeared in the UK, notably
1500:is used in Japan to refer to both comics and
1095:. The magazine never reached a second issue.
447:
4880:Sequart Research & Literacy Organization
4346:
4296:
4294:
3973:"Alan's Previous Problems With DC (sidebar)"
3596:
3144:. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 4â12.
3002:. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018
2540:
2069:, paved the way for British writers such as
821:runs from the mid-1980s to the present day.
4875:Comic book Reference Bibliographic Datafile
4417:
3647:(20 May 2004). "Heroes of the Revolution".
3639:
3637:
3504:
3453:
3425:"Breaking the Border â Rants and Ramblings"
2894:
834:Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency
6404:
6390:
6280:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
6078:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
4921:
4907:
4224:
4188:The Oxford Companion to English Literature
3592:
3590:
3358:History Detectives: Special Investigations
3297:Comic Book Culture: An Illustrated History
3172:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1795:The two most popular British comic books,
1620:
1544:, attracts 500,000 visitors twice a year.
1046:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
894:and the crew of cartoonists who worked on
844:
454:
440:
6275:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
6189:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
4518:
4516:
4291:
4233:"Horror Comics: The Nasties of the 1950s"
3447:
3034:
2960:
2902:"Manga, anime rooted in Japanese history"
2873:Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga
2613:
2204:It has been stated that the 13th century
1781:, in Dundee, Scotland. Launched in 1938,
1408:Learn how and when to remove this message
1009:" form, an extremely informal version of
690:" is the term used for standalone books.
490:art in the form of sequential juxtaposed
6237:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
4777:"Artists Celebrate 45 Years of Golgo 13"
4743:
4572:
3967:
3829:
3634:
2993:
2446:
1766:
1709:
1652:
1642:
1197:, they are now embraced by many adults.
1178:
1039:
46:
38:
4494:
4393:"Comics Unmasked: The British invasion"
4030:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3587:
3495:
3291:
3237:
3137:
2810:, Mike Kazaleh, "Secret Agent Orange",
2568:
1785:is known for its anarchic humour, with
1058:In 1964, Richard Kyle coined the term "
693:
14:
6683:
4843:
4769:
4513:
4422:. Sequart Organization. Archived from
4099:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3979:. Comic Book Resources. Archived from
3422:
3186:
3098:
3035:Gramuglia, Anthony (19 October 2019).
2866:
1879:also flourished. Some comics, such as
1251:Updating the above price obtained for
1189:The 1970s saw the advent of specialty
6385:
6095:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
4902:
4858:from the original on 11 January 2022.
4723:"ăăŽă«ăŽ13ăăăźăăčäžçèšéČă«èȘćźăăĄă°ăŠă€ăăé«æ©ççŸćăăăç„ă"
4703:from the original on 21 December 2016
4560:from the original on 30 December 2018
4279:from the original on 22 November 2018
4212:from the original on 22 November 2018
4185:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
3643:
3574:
3572:
3540:
3513:
3368:from the original on 5 September 2017
2643:since December 1997, and by 2015, 77
2008:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
1944:Marvel Comics established a UK office
1714:Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of
1272:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
903:
707:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
486:,' is a publication that consists of
6411:
6046:Comics solicited but never published
4828:
4805:
4591:from the original on 29 January 2017
4363:from the original on 28 January 2019
3687:from the original on 2 February 2017
3456:Comic Book Collections for Libraries
3214:The Adventures of M. Obadiah Oldbuck
2961:Gilchrist, Michelle (21 July 2017).
1469:
1358:
789:revolutionized the medium with such
727:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
542:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
6366:
6194:Australian Cartoonists' Association
6184:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
4335:from the original on 16 August 2012
3995:
3949:from the original on 27 August 2014
3940:
3896:
3717:from the original on 10 August 2021
3579:"Introducing Comics and Ideology".
3485:. Vol. 38. 2008. p. 1028.
3458:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 38.
3231:
3131:
2412:) or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g.,
1355:History of race in U.S. comic books
498:emblematic of the comics art form.
470:also referred to by collectors as "
24:
4799:
4534:from the original on 20 March 2012
4186:Birch, Dinah (24 September 2009).
4066:
3569:
3555:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3528:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3187:Kelley, Jason (16 November 2020).
2994:Magulick, Aaron (8 October 2017).
2936:. The Asahi Shimbun. 1 April 2021.
1822:soar. He features in the cover of
1631:
25:
6707:
4863:
4613:. 12 October 2011. Archived from
4476:from the original on 25 June 2007
4031:Woodall, Lowery Anderson (2010).
3649:Comix: The Underground Revolution
3482:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
3423:Zicari, Anthony (3 August 2007).
3080:from the original on 29 July 2018
2975:from the original on 23 July 2017
2769:List of best-selling comic series
2436:
2210:could be considered as the first
2193:
2099:, printed and bound as hardcover
1889:titles, have been published in a
1699:
1609:
1474:
1158:
1106:, adult-oriented "picture novel"
1035:
928:, published by comic book writer
876:and record stores, as well as by
6662:
6661:
6365:
6356:
6355:
6344:
6332:
6295:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
6209:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
6110:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
4870:Comic book Speculation Reference
4579:Gregory Schmidt (21 July 2013).
3299:. Collectors Press. p. 43.
2914:from the original on 30 May 2018
2718:
1750:of the Victorian era (featuring
1574:with its own distinct features.
1547:
1363:
1304:Comic Book Certification Service
1080:and others, including Stan Lee.
751:. The Golden Age originated the
423:
68:
6125:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
4715:
4685:
4666:Rachel Swatman (26 June 2015).
4659:
4629:
4603:
4546:
4462:
4439:
4411:
4385:
4375:
4317:
4261:
4249:from the original on 4 May 2012
4194:
4179:
4153:
4136:
4041:
3961:
3934:
3915:
3870:
3823:
3793:
3775:
3757:
3729:
3699:
3669:
3534:
3489:
3472:
3416:
3383:
3346:
3313:
3285:
3265:
3206:
3180:
3092:
3056:
3028:
2950:. Comicbook.com. 15 March 2021.
2844:. 18 March 2008. Archived from
2579:Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited
2551:
1926:, and other characters such as
6199:Comic Art Professional Society
4939:Glossary of comics terminology
4812:Harvard University Asia Center
4693:"Largest comic book published"
4167:(in French). 15 September 2015
3807:. 13 July 2018. Archived from
2987:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2860:
2830:
2817:
2801:
2606:Comic collections in libraries
2529:comic stories outside the US;
2468:, comics (known in Italian as
1169:
564:market in Japan was valued at
13:
1:
6290:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
3737:Adult Comics: An Introduction
3390:CBR News Team (2 July 2007).
2838:"A History of the Comic Book"
2794:
1893:form. Underground comics and
1244:#27, the first appearance of
1217:Motion Picture Funnies Weekly
188:Comics by country and culture
6524:games, toys, and merchandise
6204:National Cartoonists Society
5993:Based on television programs
4844:Martin, Tim (2 April 2009).
4810:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
4231:John Sringhall (July 1994).
3931:(CNN Money) â 25 August 2014
3500:. Rinehart and Company, Inc.
2062:John Constantine, Hellblazer
1845:and the team he played for,
1257:#1, the first appearance of
1234:#1, the first appearance of
666:
594:) in Japan, equivalent to 15
7:
6135:Words & Pictures Museum
4731:(in Japanese). 18 July 2021
3610:The New Adventures of Jesus
3099:Rigaud, Christophe (2015).
2968:The San Diego Union-Tribune
2759:Comparison of image viewers
2711:
2679:Mauricio de Sousa ProduçÔes
2454:(1927â1995), author of the
2266:). Two publishing houses â
2248:(in 1944 the medieval hero
1660:(1926â1977), writer of the
1577:
1519:
1507:
1455:, there was a story titled
1383:. The specific problem is:
584:
578:), with annual sales of 1.9
10:
6712:
6179:Academy of Comic Book Arts
6151:Center for Cartoon Studies
6073:Belgian Comic Strip Center
4928:
4832:Journal of Popular Culture
4395:. Art Fund. Archived from
4144:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
3543:Journal of Popular Culture
3516:Journal of Popular Culture
3354:"The Golden Age of Comics"
2774:List of best-selling manga
2598:. Some platforms, such as
2544:
2440:
2197:
1807:, were first published by
1731:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1717:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1703:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1581:
1551:
1511:
1478:
1457:The Smell of the Monkeymen
1283:advertisement for "Marvel
1182:
1162:
1051:
907:
848:
697:
670:
509:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
29:
6656:
6628:
6607:
6496:
6419:
6327:
6285:Club des bandes dessinées
6265:
6217:
6171:
6164:
6143:
6063:
6019:Best-selling comic series
6006:
5975:
5944:
5935:
5915:
5804:
5708:
5658:
5642:
5633:
5597:Portrayal of black people
5562:
5509:
5349:
5338:
5271:
5244:
5191:
5158:
5103:
5067:
4945:
4936:
4359:. BBC. 21 November 2018.
4357:"Dennis the Menace at 60"
4130:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4114:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4102:Pacific Historical Review
3498:Seduction of the Innocent
3496:Wertham, Fredric (1954).
3392:"DC Flashback: The Flash"
3117:10.1007/s10032-015-0243-1
3020:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2547:List of comics by country
2541:Comics in other countries
2258:, was created in 1956 by
1526:
1434:Captain Marvel Adventures
1430:Captain Marvel Adventures
1298:In 2000, a company named
830:Seduction of the Innocent
819:Modern Age of Comic Books
815:Bronze Age of Comic Books
773:Silver Age of Comic Books
768:Golden Age of Comic Books
759:. According to historian
749:Golden Age of Comic Books
673:Comics § Terminology
537:American-style comic book
27:Publication of comics art
3220:11 February 2015 at the
2690:, Japanese manga artist
2671:â O Maior Gibi do Mundo!
2533:'s superhero alter ego,
2264:Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza
2059:. The comic book series
1953:The Adventures of Tintin
1488:(挫ç») are comic books or
6090:British Cartoon Archive
6083:National Cartoon Museum
4495:Gabriel, Peter (2000).
4451:3 February 2011 at the
3927:27 October 2018 at the
3836:GlobeNewswire News Room
3279:18 January 2019 at the
3244:Comic Book Encyclopedia
2392:Gabriel HernĂĄndez Walta
2340:. After the end of the
2250:El Guerrero del Antifaz
2207:Cantigas de Santa MarĂa
2086:OVO The Millennium Show
1946:in 1972. DC Comics and
1791:appearing on the cover.
1621:Vietnamese truyá»n tranh
1275:#5, which DC executive
1135:In 1971, writer-artist
1116:writer "Drake Waller" (
1112:, a 128-page digest by
932:from 1974 to 1979, and
914:The rise of comic book
888:The Adventures of Jesus
845:Underground comic books
6300:Finnish Comics Society
6257:Svenska Serieakademien
6247:Comics Studies Society
6115:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
5619:Women in Refrigerators
5614:The Hawkeye Initiative
5252:Female comics creators
4889:University of Missouri
4806:Kern, Adam L. (2006).
4697:Guinness World Records
4672:Guinness World Records
3138:Phoenix, Jack (2020).
2764:History of comic books
2696:Guinness World Records
2664:Guinness World Records
2662:On 5 August 2018, the
2657:Guinness World Records
2649:Guinness World Records
2628:Guinness World Records
2618:In 2015, the Japanese
2614:Guinness World Records
2504:âremain best-sellers.
2461:
2402:), the British (e.g.,
1792:
1725:
1667:
1248:, via public auction.
1195:comic book conventions
1049:
967:During the 1970s the "
900:popularized the form.
52:
44:
6648:Video game franchises
6592:Video game franchises
6504:Multimedia franchises
6036:Comic books on CD/DVD
5286:Comics historiography
4499:. Peter Gabriel Ltd.
4455:, by Douglas Wolk in
4307:12 April 2018 at the
3653:Thunder's Mouth Press
2907:The Indianapolis Star
2573:On 13 November 2007,
2450:
2076:The English musician
2043:; and others such as
1932:Mandrake the Magician
1770:
1713:
1656:
1643:Franco-Belgian comics
1453:United States Marines
1185:Comic book collecting
1179:Comic book collecting
1100:St. John Publications
1072:tradition by Belgian
1043:
944:Shari Springer Berman
838:Comics Code Authority
661:Franco-Belgian comics
582:billion manga books (
50:
42:
6488:Video game franchise
6252:Sequart Organization
5998:Based on video games
5580:Gender and webcomics
5145:Publishing companies
4885:Comic Art Collection
4300:Armstrong, Stephen.
3977:Lying in the Gutters
3908:3 March 2010 at the
3681:www.ocf.berkeley.edu
3604:(25 December 2006).
3397:Comic Book Resources
3249:Harper Entertainment
3042:Comic Book Resources
2675:Panini Comics Brasil
2569:Digital distribution
2381:Eisner Award winners
2272:Editorial Valenciana
2090:Millennium Dome Show
1975:Modern Age of Comics
1676:(an abbreviation of
1428:In the comic series
1390:improve this section
1379:to meet Knowledge's
1093:Digital Comic Museum
1085:Fawcett Publications
694:American comic books
555:American comic books
353:South African comics
6696:Comics publications
6310:The Hero Initiative
5590:American mainstream
5392:Comics in education
4995:Comic strip formats
4647:on 5 September 2015
4617:on 13 November 2011
3614:Fantagraphics Books
3581:Comics and Ideology
2812:the Annoying Orange
2647:had been released.
2588:Avenging Spider-Man
2327:13. Rue del Percebe
2321:Mortadelo y FilemĂłn
1977:. Writers included
1940:Thorpe & Porter
1775:, a character from
1337:the Incredible Hulk
1109:It Rhymes with Lust
761:Michael A. Amundson
700:American comic book
645:the Incredible Hulk
627:franchises such as
526:" and the humorous
57:
6351:Cartoon portal
6105:The Cartoon Museum
6100:Cartoon Art Museum
5824:France and Belgium
5609:Portrayal of women
5602:African characters
5570:Ethnic stereotypes
4783:. 13 November 2013
4781:Anime News Network
4757:. 16 November 2013
4755:Anime News Network
4585:The New York Times
4426:on 4 November 2015
4399:on 4 November 2015
4331:, 16 August 2012,
3983:on 20 January 2010
3862:has generic name (
3852:cite press release
3711:@globalbookwriters
3193:How To Love Comics
3076:. 1 January 2014.
2789:Comic book grading
2744:Comic book therapy
2739:Comic book archive
2640:Weekly ShĆnen Jump
2602:, have shut down.
2462:
2365:and works such as
2305:Las hermanas Gilda
2268:Editorial Bruguera
2246:historical fiction
1835:comics introduced
1793:
1761:Varney the Vampire
1726:
1668:
1437:also known as the
1267:original press run
1050:
920:alternative comics
910:Alternative comics
904:Alternative comics
718:Funnies on Parades
653:children's fiction
519:Spring-heeled Jack
55:
53:
45:
6678:
6677:
6636:Comic book series
6558:Comic book series
6514:television series
6444:Comic book series
6379:
6378:
6339:Comics portal
6323:
6322:
6156:The Kubert School
6059:
6058:
5931:
5930:
5629:
5628:
5554:Widescreen comics
5397:Comics journalism
5267:
5266:
5059:Political cartoon
5000:Daily comic strip
4821:978-0-674-02266-9
4641:ccgclibraries.com
4530:. 19 March 2012.
4418:Peter Sanderson.
3912:CNN Money 2-26-10
3753:978-0-415-29139-2
3745:978-0-415-29139-2
3662:978-1-56025-572-7
3627:978-1-56097-780-3
3435:on 26 August 2007
3404:on 7 October 2012
3306:978-1-888054-38-5
3226:Dartmouth College
3151:978-1-4408-6886-3
2910:. 2 August 1997.
2887:978-1-880656-23-5
2754:Comics vocabulary
2645:collected volumes
2460:comic book series
2427:Juan DĂaz Canales
2414:Fauve d'Or winner
2234:Spanish Civil War
2157:Roy of the Rovers
2034:Transmetropolitan
1981:, famous for his
1948:Dark Horse Comics
1847:Melchester Rovers
1838:Roy of the Rovers
1815:Dennis the Menace
1788:Dennis the Menace
1744:Dennis the Menace
1666:comic book series
1470:East Asian comics
1418:
1417:
1410:
1381:quality standards
1372:This section may
1191:comic book stores
939:American Splendor
857:underground comix
851:Underground comix
713:Funnies on Parade
535:The first modern
464:
463:
430:Comics portal
373:Vietnamese comics
343:Portuguese comics
333:Philippine comics
314:
247:
229:Australian comics
225:
169:Political cartoon
18:Comic-book artist
16:(Redirected from
6703:
6665:
6664:
6615:Media franchises
6608:Highest-grossing
6575:Television shows
6413:Media franchises
6406:
6399:
6392:
6383:
6382:
6369:
6368:
6359:
6358:
6349:
6348:
6337:
6336:
6315:Xeric Foundation
6169:
6168:
5983:Based on fiction
5942:
5941:
5716:China and Taiwan
5640:
5639:
5439:Graphic medicine
5382:Autobiographical
5347:
5346:
5325:Japanese (manga)
5231:Japanese (manga)
5156:
5155:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4859:
4849:
4840:
4825:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4643:. Archived from
4633:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4556:. 16 June 2014.
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4497:The Story of OVO
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4459:, December, 2003
4443:
4437:
4435:
4433:
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4183:
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4133:
4097:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4028:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3941:Whitney, Lance.
3938:
3932:
3919:
3913:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3761:
3755:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3677:"americancomics"
3673:
3667:
3666:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3602:Shelton, Gilbert
3594:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3431:. Archived from
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3400:. Archived from
3387:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3327:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3289:
3283:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3235:
3229:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
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3163:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3032:
3026:
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3019:
3011:
3009:
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2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2868:Schodt, Frederik
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2805:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2694:was awarded the
2625:was awarded the
2406:, co-creator of
2388:Salvador Larroca
2342:Francoist period
2111:also repackages
2082:The Story of OVO
2067:John Constantine
1971:British Invasion
1920:House of Commons
1678:bandes dessinées
1535:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1466:white America".
1413:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1241:Detective Comics
1024:, Raytoons, and
916:specialty stores
684:trade paperbacks
625:superhero comics
610:
597:
589:
581:
577:
570:
456:
449:
442:
428:
427:
328:Pakistani comics
308:
281:Hungarian comics
241:
234:Brazilian comics
211:
202:Argentine comics
72:
58:
54:
21:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6652:
6624:
6603:
6597:longest-running
6541:direct-to-video
6531:Animated series
6492:
6476:Television show
6427:Animated series
6415:
6410:
6380:
6375:
6343:
6331:
6319:
6305:Friends of Lulu
6267:
6261:
6219:
6213:
6160:
6139:
6065:
6064:Collections and
6055:
6029:manga magazines
6002:
5971:
5962:Manga magazines
5927:
5911:
5800:
5704:
5654:
5625:
5558:
5529:Talking animals
5505:
5466:Science fiction
5377:Anthropomorphic
5343:and narratology
5342:
5334:
5281:Years in comics
5263:
5240:
5204:Jewish American
5187:
5154:
5099:
5063:
4983:Trade paperback
4941:
4932:
4927:
4866:
4822:
4802:
4800:Further reading
4797:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4734:
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4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4592:
4577:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4472:. Tabula Rasa.
4468:
4467:
4463:
4453:Wayback Machine
4444:
4440:
4429:
4427:
4416:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4336:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4309:Wayback Machine
4299:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
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4215:
4213:
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4098:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4029:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3971:(23 May 2005).
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3939:
3935:
3929:Wayback Machine
3920:
3916:
3910:Wayback Machine
3901:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3838:(Press release)
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3811:on 16 July 2018
3799:
3798:
3794:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3763:
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3505:
3494:
3490:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3429:Comics Bulletin
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3388:
3384:
3371:
3369:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3290:
3286:
3281:Wayback Machine
3270:
3266:
3259:
3236:
3232:
3222:Wayback Machine
3211:
3207:
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2818:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2673:, published by
2669:Turma da MĂŽnica
2655:also holds the
2616:
2608:
2571:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2445:
2439:
2431:Juanjo Guarnido
2404:Carlos Ezquerra
2384:Sergio Aragonés
2276:slapstick humor
2202:
2196:
2080:issued in 2000
1912:The content of
1906:Escape Magazine
1773:Minnie the Minx
1748:penny dreadfuls
1708:
1702:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1638:European comics
1634:
1632:European comics
1629:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1586:
1580:
1556:
1550:
1523:
1516:
1510:
1483:
1477:
1472:
1439:Tuskegee Airmen
1414:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1387:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:the Mighty Thor
1345:Captain America
1300:Comics Guaranty
1293:Recalled comics
1208:Amazing Fantasy
1187:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1056:
1038:
1030:print-on-demand
1011:self-publishing
1000:magical realism
950:adapted into a
912:
906:
853:
847:
826:Fredric Wertham
793:superheroes as
733:Gustave Verbeek
722:Dell Publishing
702:
696:
675:
669:
608:
595:
592:manga magazines
579:
572:
565:
514:penny dreadfuls
460:
422:
271:European comics
256:Croatian comics
251:Canadian comics
208:Bande dessinées
197:American comics
159:Trade paperback
77:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6709:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6691:Comics formats
6676:
6675:
6673:
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6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6456:Film franchise
6453:
6452:
6451:
6441:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6423:
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6417:
6416:
6409:
6408:
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6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6266:Charitable and
6263:
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6051:Limited series
6048:
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6031:
6026:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
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5990:
5988:Based on films
5985:
5979:
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5900:United Kingdom
5897:
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5814:Czech Republic
5810:
5808:
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5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
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5369:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5344:
5340:Comics studies
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
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5318:
5308:
5303:
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5065:
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5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5027:Digital comics
5024:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Ongoing series
4970:
4965:
4963:Limited series
4960:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4903:
4897:
4896:
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4882:
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4865:
4864:External links
4862:
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4316:
4314:. 27 July 2015
4290:
4260:
4223:
4193:
4178:
4152:
4135:
4108:(3): 448â486.
4065:
4053:www.ferris.edu
4040:
3994:
3969:Johnston, Rich
3960:
3933:
3914:
3895:
3884:on 9 July 2012
3869:
3822:
3792:
3774:
3756:
3735:Sabin, Roger.
3728:
3698:
3668:
3661:
3655:. p. 34.
3633:
3626:
3606:"Introduction"
3586:
3568:
3533:
3503:
3488:
3471:
3465:978-1598845112
3464:
3446:
3415:
3382:
3345:
3338:
3312:
3305:
3284:
3264:
3258:978-0060538163
3257:
3230:
3205:
3179:
3150:
3130:
3111:(3): 199â221.
3091:
3055:
3027:
2986:
2953:
2939:
2925:
2893:
2886:
2859:
2848:on 25 May 2013
2842:Random History
2829:
2816:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:Pieces Project
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Comics studies
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2713:
2710:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2570:
2567:
2553:
2550:
2542:
2539:
2443:Italian comics
2441:Main article:
2438:
2437:Italian comics
2435:
2371:Carlos Giménez
2255:CapitĂĄn Trueno
2200:Spanish comics
2198:Main article:
2195:
2194:Spanish comics
2192:
2024:Books of Magic
1984:V for Vendetta
1924:Captain Marvel
1706:British comics
1704:Main article:
1701:
1700:British comics
1698:
1649:Bande dessinée
1647:Main article:
1644:
1641:
1636:Main article:
1633:
1630:
1625:Main article:
1622:
1619:
1614:Main article:
1611:
1610:Chinese manhua
1608:
1582:Main article:
1579:
1576:
1552:Main article:
1549:
1546:
1512:Main article:
1509:
1506:
1490:graphic novels
1479:Main article:
1476:
1475:Japanese manga
1473:
1471:
1468:
1416:
1415:
1371:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1335:, Spider-Man,
1333:Captain Marvel
1205:took place in
1183:Main article:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1159:Digital comics
1157:
1074:Frans Masereel
1052:Main article:
1037:
1036:Graphic novels
1034:
1026:Terminal Press
997:Latin American
948:Robert Pulcini
930:Mike Friedrich
908:Main article:
905:
902:
870:Tijuana bibles
861:counterculture
849:Main article:
846:
843:
803:Fantastic Four
698:Main article:
695:
692:
671:Main article:
668:
665:
615:, followed by
609:$ 1.09 billion
607:was valued at
480:comic-magazine
462:
461:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
433:
432:
419:
418:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
383:
382:
378:
377:
376:
375:
370:
368:Turkish comics
365:
360:
358:Spanish comics
355:
350:
348:Serbian comics
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
323:Mexican comics
320:
315:
303:
298:
296:Italian comics
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
244:Welsh-language
239:British comics
236:
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83:Comics studies
79:
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75:Speech balloon
73:
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64:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6471:Radio program
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6165:Organizations
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5693:United States
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5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Decompression
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:Tijuana bible
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Comics poetry
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Silent comics
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:Graphic novel
5052:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5010:Sunday comics
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
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4948:
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4912:
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4886:
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4867:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4842:
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4827:
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4809:
4804:
4803:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4508:
4506:0-9520864-3-3
4502:
4498:
4491:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4313:
4312:The Telegraph
4310:
4306:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4238:History Today
4234:
4227:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4189:
4182:
4166:
4162:
4156:
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4145:
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4009:
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3999:
3982:
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3367:
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3341:
3339:9780870817632
3335:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3316:
3308:
3302:
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3282:
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3254:
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3114:
3110:
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3102:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3069:Bleeding Cool
3065:
3059:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2974:
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6580:most watched
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6218:Critical and
6172:Professional
5957:Comic strips
5650:South Africa
5549:Supervillain
5085:Photo comics
5080:Motion comic
5032:Mobile comic
4958:Ashcan comic
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2552:Distribution
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2060:
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2029:Warren Ellis
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1913:
1911:
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1627:Truyá»n tranh
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1494:Japanese art
1484:
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1433:
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1384:
1373:
1325:Wonder Woman
1321:
1317:
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1118:Arnold Drake
1114:pseudonymous
1107:
1104:digest-sized
1097:
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1057:
1018:Avatar Press
1015:
1004:
966:
955:
937:
934:Harvey Pekar
923:
913:
895:
887:
882:
865:drug culture
854:
829:
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805:and Lee and
791:naturalistic
780:
765:
737:Jerry Siegel
725:
717:
711:
705:
703:
676:
637:Wonder Woman
590:volumes and
559:
550:
547:comic strips
540:
534:
527:
524:story papers
517:
507:
501:
500:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:comic book (
467:
465:
291:Irish comics
266:Dutch comics
261:Czech comics
206:
138:
123:Photo comics
36:
6620:Film series
6570:Film series
6497:Media lists
6461:Film series
6439:Book series
6371:WikiProject
6007:Other lists
5952:Comic books
5868:Netherlands
5774:Philippines
5486:Underground
5449:Non-fiction
5367:Alternative
5113:Cartoonists
5095:Text comics
5049:Gag cartoon
5005:Lianhuanhua
4990:Comic strip
4621:10 November
4564:15 November
4436:29 May 2013
4367:22 November
4283:21 November
4216:21 November
3987:18 November
3372:18 February
3084:6 September
2808:Scott Shaw!
2692:Takao Saito
2531:Donald Duck
2527:Walt Disney
2509:digest size
2409:Judge Dredd
2367:Paracuellos
2295:Zipi y Zape
2260:VĂctor Mora
2220:historietas
2045:Mark Millar
2021:mythos and
2018:The Sandman
2013:Neil Gaiman
1936:the Phantom
1882:Judge Dredd
1756:Dick Turpin
1740:Ally Sloper
1722:Ally Sloper
1694:Francophone
1565:. The term
1563:South Korea
1496:. The term
1392:if you can.
1315:published.
1277:Paul Levitz
1170:Market size
1147:Will Eisner
1089:Otto Binder
1076:, American
969:small press
884:Frank Stack
807:Steve Ditko
741:Joe Shuster
724:'s 36-page
680:periodicals
576:6â7 billion
516:" (such as
482:or simply '
394:Cartoonists
363:Thai comics
154:Gag cartoon
144:Comic strip
56:Comic books
6685:Categories
6551:television
6481:web series
5635:By country
5476:Teen humor
5311:Modern Age
5306:Bronze Age
5301:Silver Age
5296:Golden Age
5236:Macedonian
5211:Australian
5192:By country
5178:Minicomics
5075:Film comic
5068:Techniques
4953:Comic book
4787:14 October
4761:14 October
4735:14 October
4253:23 October
3691:26 January
3645:Skinn, Dez
3616:. p.
3160:1141029685
2795:References
2596:comiXology
2559:smartphone
2545:See also:
2495:Tex Willer
2474:Hugo Pratt
2452:Hugo Pratt
2337:SuperlĂłpez
2151:The Topper
2128:Royal Mail
2120:Oor Wullie
2114:The Broons
2109:DC Thomson
1979:Alan Moore
1885:and other
1809:DC Thomson
1771:Statue of
1738:refers to
1502:cartooning
1203:Spider-Man
1163:See also:
1128:and inker
1126:Matt Baker
1022:Hyperwerks
1007:minicomics
925:Star Reach
878:mail order
874:head shops
811:Spider-Man
799:Jack Kirby
641:Spider-Man
623:featuring
551:comic book
522:), boys' "
503:Comic Cuts
404:Publishers
399:Collecting
139:Comic book
118:Cartooning
6466:Media mix
5976:By source
5967:Webcomics
5945:By format
5923:Australia
5726:Hong Kong
5666:Argentina
5544:Superhero
5501:Wrestling
5471:Superhero
5412:Dystopian
5387:Celebrity
5372:Ambiguous
5330:Webcomics
5183:Webcomics
5166:Editorial
5159:By format
5140:Letterers
5125:Colorists
4978:Minicomic
4852:Telegraph
4677:27 August
4339:16 August
4165:Comixtrip
4122:0030-8684
3953:31 August
3805:Comichron
3563:0022-3840
3439:5 January
3168:cite book
3016:cite news
3006:21 August
2705:Big Comic
2653:One Piece
2634:One Piece
2600:Graphicly
2577:launched
2535:Paperinik
2523:Argentina
2501:Dylan Dog
2400:David Aja
2361:El VĂbora
2351:El Jueves
2242:superhero
2139:The Dandy
2133:The Beano
2040:Planetary
2002:Marvelman
1990:From Hell
1829:In 1954,
1824:The Beano
1820:The Beano
1804:The Dandy
1798:The Beano
1783:The Beano
1778:The Beano
1728:Although
1398:July 2019
1329:the Flash
1224:auction.
1142:Blackmark
1130:Ray Osrin
1098:In 1950,
1083:In 1947,
1078:Lynd Ward
993:detective
952:2003 film
897:Zap Comix
868:obscure "
757:superhero
753:archetype
667:Structure
649:the X-Men
617:DC Comics
613:Viz Media
381:Community
311:Hong Kong
92:Education
6669:Category
6546:Internet
6361:Category
6268:outreach
6220:academic
6130:ToonSeum
5878:Portugal
5786:Thailand
5769:Pakistan
5659:Americas
5575:Feminist
5519:Antihero
5357:Abstract
5291:American
5226:Filipino
5216:Canadian
5199:American
5105:Creators
5037:Webcomic
4968:One-shot
4856:Archived
4707:6 August
4701:Archived
4651:30 March
4589:Archived
4558:Archived
4538:19 March
4532:Archived
4528:BBC News
4474:Archived
4449:Archived
4361:Archived
4333:archived
4329:BBC News
4305:Archived
4277:Archived
4247:Archived
4210:Archived
4150:: 49â75.
3947:Archived
3925:Archived
3906:Archived
3715:Archived
3685:Archived
3366:Archived
3295:(2000).
3277:Archived
3241:(2004).
3218:Archived
3125:12589544
3078:Archived
3000:GoBoiano
2973:Archived
2912:Archived
2870:(1996).
2784:Webcomic
2712:See also
2700:Golgo 13
2687:Golgo 13
2561:and the
2483:Diabolik
2425:authors
2422:Blacksad
2311:Anacleto
2289:Carpanta
2280:Franquin
2105:"Rupert"
2056:Kick-Ass
1996:Watchmen
1964:Cinebook
1843:Roy Race
1594:include
1584:Webtoons
1578:Webtoons
1538:fan-made
1520:DĆjinshi
1514:DĆjinshi
1508:DĆjinshi
1374:require
1341:Iron Man
1259:Superman
1236:Superman
1222:Heritage
1137:Gil Kane
1067:medieval
962:fine art
892:R. Crumb
795:Stan Lee
782:Showcase
745:Superman
659:, where
629:Superman
586:tankĆbon
174:Webcomic
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6144:Schools
6066:museums
5916:Oceania
5851:Ireland
5846:Hungary
5841:Germany
5834:Belgium
5819:Croatia
5796:Vietnam
5534:Masking
5496:Western
5454:Romance
5422:Fantasy
5273:History
5150:Writers
5130:Editors
5042:Webtoon
5020:Yonkoma
4946:Formats
4887:at the
4728:Natalie
4595:24 July
4480:27 July
4403:26 July
4382:190â191
4171:17 June
4058:30 June
3888:18 July
3842:3 March
3815:16 July
3408:27 June
3228:library
3224:at the
3198:4 April
3048:2 April
2852:16 July
2734:Cartoon
2489:Bonelli
2486:or the
2470:fumetti
2377:Spanish
2300:VĂĄzquez
2284:Escobar
2212:Spanish
2187:2000 AD
2181:Twinkle
2175:Valiant
2097:annuals
1959:Asterix
1891:tabloid
1887:2000 AD
1876:2000 AD
1864:Warrior
1858:Valiant
1690:Flemish
1663:Astérix
1542:Comiket
1376:cleanup
1308:grading
1070:woodcut
977:Eclipse
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755:of the
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414:Writers
214:Belgium
179:Webtoon
110:Methods
102:History
6014:Awards
5883:Serbia
5873:Poland
5806:Europe
5791:Turkey
5688:Mexico
5681:Quebec
5676:Canada
5671:Brazil
5643:Africa
5563:Themes
5511:Tropes
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5417:Erotic
5350:Genres
5316:events
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222:Quebec
218:France
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6563:manga
6536:anime
6519:films
6509:print
6024:manga
5937:Lists
5905:Wales
5888:Spain
5856:Italy
5757:Korea
5750:lists
5745:Japan
5733:India
5539:Rogue
5407:Crime
5362:Adult
5245:Other
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