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112:, the northern part of which extends for 55 kilometres from Deniliquin to Echuca, with a height of 12–15 metres, and the southern part which extends for 13 kilometres south of Echuca, with a height of about 3–4 metres. The split between the two elements has been formed by the erosion caused by historic Lake Kanyapella (refer to the Goulburn section below). The fault deforms a 200- to 250-metre-thick section of sedimentary rock, which overlies granitic base rock. To the west, the Cadell Tilt Block was formed subsequent to the uplift
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341:(MMS) 7.2, the damage incurred would be catastrophic, with over 1,000 square kilometres of land suffering 50% loss of structures. A potentially more likely earthquake, of MMS 6.8, would do less damage in itself but, due to the increased possibility of such an occurrence, may be more of a risk. Those estimates are based on the information presently available, and Geoscience Australia has not specified its confidence in them.
85:
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296:, movement of surface soils created the Barmah Sandhills on the north-eastern edge of the lake. Over time, water flowed from the lake into the Campaspe River, and the Goulburn River changed its course to follow that path. Eventually, erosive water flows drained the prehistoric Lake Kanyapella along the course of the current Murray River.
324:
was less affected by the Cadell fault, but the routing of both the
Goulburn and the Murray rivers down the course of the ancient Campaspe, instead of both rivers continuing westwards towards Kyalite, had the effect of making the Campaspe upstream of Echuca a tributary of the new Murray and making its
232:
legend is that the
Aboriginal population of the region at the time was instrumental in the formation of the current path of the Murray. Their folklore has it that the local Aborigines carved a channel through the sandbank holding the waters of the Northern Lake back, which then allowed the water to
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It appears that Green Gully ceased to be the course of the Murray approximately 45,000 years ago due to the uplift, although it seems to have commenced up to 20,000 years before that (i.e. 65,000 years ago). However, 45,000 years ago it reached a sufficient level to disrupt the flow of the river.
268:
owes a significant part of its origin to the rise of the Cadell fault. Whilst not studied in as much detail as the course of the Murray, water flowing out of the
Northern Lake may have found a previous tributary of the Murray and made its course across to the present day confluence with the
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The pressure of the uplift fused sand into distinctive red rocks. The area around
Mathoura was known for a period as Redbank. This rock can be seen on the corner of the Cobb Highway and Mitchell Street where it has been used to memorialise the opening of the sewerage pumping
105:- a stable continental region. Within the plate, however, there are a number of fault lines. Those lines are relatively stable compared to the external plate boundaries, but do have the potential to generate significant earthquakes. The Cadell fault is an example of that.
180:
Prior to that, the river had been able to maintain its course within the Green Gully, albeit with significant modification to the channel. The uplift effectively dammed the river and formed a large expanse of water, continuously fed by glacial and snow melt in the
284:
Similar to the Murray, the
Goulburn River formerly followed a path to the north of its current one, flowing through the Broken Creek and meeting with the former Murray (now Green Gully) somewhere south-west of Mathoura, where it continued westward.
65:. The Cadell Fault is notable due to that impact and has been described as one of the most significant examples of seismic activity changing the course of rivers. The fault is visible as a continuous earthen ridge along the
523:
487:
Stone T, 2006. Late
Quaternary tiers and lake of the Cadell Tilt Block region, Murray Basin, southeastern Australia. PhD thesis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne (unpublished), 158pp
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124:
The Cadell fault showing the possible former courses of the Murray (yellow), Goulburn (purple) and
Campaspe (brown) rivers. The fault itself is the red dashed line
435:
Johnston AC, Coppersmith KJ, Kanter LR & Cornell CA, 1994. The earthquakes of stable continental regions. Electric Power
Research Institute Report TR102261V1.
209:
128:
The lifting of the Cadell fault has had a significant impact on the courses of four major rivers of the Murray river system, and can be described as creating an
452:"The Cadell Fault: a record of long-term fault behaviour in south-eastern Australia, presentation to the Australian Regolith and Clays Conference, Mildura"
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Today, the majority of the flow from the Murray river flows northward through the Edward, with a lower amount travelling southward into the Murray itself.
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409:"A palaeoseismological investigation of the Cadell Fault Zone, Victoria, Australia, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 2005 conference"
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256:) on which the red gum forests established, and the ongoing flooding and draining of the area has led to the arboreal ecosystem present today.
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has studied the likelihood of further earthquake activity involving the fault. Based on modelling of the maximum credible earthquake, of
228:) may have originated in recent history, possibly as recently as approximately 550 years ago (approximately 1450 CE). Indeed, local
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As the location of a significant tectonic event, and due to the population and production importance of the region to
Australia,
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With the uplift of the Cadell, a large lake was also formed south of the
Northern Lake, which was the predecessor of present-day
478:
Stone T, 2006. The late-Holocene origin of the modern Murray River course, southeastern Australia, The Holocene 16(5) p.771-778
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now known as Green Gully. It then traversed the plains west of Mathoura to join the current course of the Murray further west.
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in the area to be somewhat unusual given its straight sides, compared to the more sloping bank formation of mature rivers
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Looking east from the Cobb Highway over the eastern edge of the Cadell fault towards Moira Lake and the Barmah Forest
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184:. After a time, the flow found its present course into the Edward River and began to make its way westward via the
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Stirling Park Road south of Bunallo Road, looking south across Green Gully the old course of the Murray River
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Recent research indicates that the current course of the Murray River through the Narrows (also known as the
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Future movement of the Cadell fault could also affect the courses of rivers, as it has done in the past.
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flow into the Goulburn River and form the current course of the Murray. The Narrows were noted by early
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Solly Road south of Bunallo Road, looking north across Green Gully the old course of the Murray River
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192:. During that time, the main flow of the Murray may have also followed the course of the current
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and, in quite recent geological times, has affected its course, as well as the courses of the
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Looking west across the Gulpa Creek south of Pollys (Poleys) Bridge at the scarp of the Tilt.
524:"The Cadell Fault, Matura historical Information Sheet, Matura Visitor and Business Centre"
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The damming of the Murray by the Cadell Fault directly led to the creation of the Barmah
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498:"Uncle Sandy Atkinson tells the Cadell Fault story - Ganagan - Culture Victoria"
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in New South Wales. The damming caused the creation of an alluvial fan (through
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eventually draining to become a series of wetlands and swamps. The present-day
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is generally considered to be one tectonic plate, and is classified as a
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The uplift of the Cadell fault significantly affected the course of the
450:
McPherson A; Clark D; Cupper M; Collins CDN; Nelson G (February 2012).
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582:"Another Earthquake in the Cadell Fault Scarp - Geoscience Australia"
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is Boonlea, and Anglers Reach represents Picnic Point on the Murray.
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The Northern lake continued to exist at that time, with evidence of
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81:, an early European pioneer of the Murray River and river trader.
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reaches from Kaarimba to Kanyapella part of the Goulburn River.
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region. An earlier stream formed by that northward flow is the
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Heath A; Clarke D; Gibson G; McCue K; Van Dissen R (2005).
552:"Barmah National Park, Murray Valley National Park"
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359:, is set in this area. The towns have pseudonyms.
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108:The uplifted Cadell fault forms a bifurcated
88:The Cadell Fault in southern New South Wales
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116:Rise and impact on river courses
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244:Forests, now protected by the
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16:Geological fault in Australia
99:Australian Continental Plate
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659:Seismic faults of Australia
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250:Murray Valley National Park
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669:Rivers of New South Wales
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674:Rivers in the Riverina
635:35.81667°S 144.90000°E
348:Novel set in this area
339:moment magnitude scale
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363:appears as ‘Tulong’.
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640:-35.81667; 144.90000
556:Users.mcmedia.com.au
335:Geoscience Australia
246:Barmah National Park
45:. It straddles the
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664:Murray River
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590:. Retrieved
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560:the original
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416:Nzsee.org.nz
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353:Chris Hammer
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271:Wakool River
266:Edward River
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226:Barmah Choke
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198:silt jetties
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156:, through a
150:Murray River
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130:inland delta
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67:Cobb Highway
55:Wakool River
51:Edward River
47:Murray River
23:Cadell Fault
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254:aggradation
210:Barmah Lake
190:Gulpa Creek
653:Categories
626:144°54′0″E
392:References
365:Deniliquin
230:Aboriginal
206:Moira Lake
186:Deniliquin
71:Deniliquin
623:35°49′0″S
586:Ga.gov.au
355:'s novel
235:squatters
43:Australia
592:2 August
566:2 August
536:2 August
522:Joss D.
507:2 August
464:2 August
421:2 August
375:See also
361:Mathoura
357:The Tilt
316:Campaspe
280:Goulburn
154:Mathoura
69:between
39:Victoria
33:area of
31:Riverina
294:aeolian
242:Red Gum
138:Kyalite
93:Geology
29:in the
260:Edward
220:works.
202:Barmah
144:Murray
134:Barmah
103:craton
75:Echuca
527:(PDF)
455:(PDF)
412:(PDF)
369:Moama
110:scarp
41:, in
594:2016
568:2016
538:2016
509:2016
466:2016
423:2016
264:The
208:and
136:and
97:The
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61:and
37:and
21:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
