418:
Mozambique
Channel, where it passed near Mayotte, with little change in strength. After sharply turning south-southwest, Kamisy briefly regained tropical cyclone intensity, but resumed weakening as it approached the coast. While still a moderate tropical storm, it made landfall along the north-central part of the nation on 12 April, near Tamative. At the time of landfall, the JTWC noted that Kamisy was a minimal hurricane. The storm quickly weakened overland and was a tropical depression by the time it had emerged into the Indian Ocean. Shortly thereafter, the storm restrengthened into a moderate tropical storm, but this trend was short-lived. The JTWC downgraded Kamisy into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on 14 April. The agency issued the last warning on the system the following day, even though MFR kept tracking the system until the morning hours of 16 April. At this time, Kamisy was located about 500 mi (805 km) southwest of the southern tip of Madagascar.
533:
207:
502:
food. Aside from food items, they also asked for 20,000 short tons (18,000 t) of cement and 50,000 packages of iron sheets. Additionally, the head of
Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office intended to focus on the reconstruction of bridges and roads. A private consulting company was later hired to conduct a post-storm assessment; a training program was subsequently launched, which had a budget of $ 3.5 million. The training program lasted until the
29:
348:
279:
358:
368:
406:(JTWC) until that evening. The storm initially tracked west-southwest, but after briefly weakening into a tropical depression, Kamisy began to turn west. On 5 April, the storm was upgraded into a moderate tropical storm for the second time; the JTWC followed suit and upgraded Kamisy into a tropical storm several hours later while located about 1,000 km (620 mi) west of Diego Garcia.
262:
in 24 hours in
Majunga, which damaged rice fields in the region after causing widespread river flooding. Additionally, the storm destroyed about 80% of Majunga. Throughout the country, Kamisy caused $ 250 million in damage and 68 deaths, with 215 people injured and 100,000 left homeless. Fifteen people were killed and 30 others were injured in
414:. Meanwhile, MFR upgraded the system into cyclone intensity. After briefly leveling off in intensity, the storm attained peak intensity of 170 km/h (105 mph) later that day. Early on 8 April, the JTWC estimated that it reached its peak intensity of 185 km/h (115 mph). Around this time, Kamisy was assigned a T6.0 rating via the Dvorak technique.
444:, which housed 200 patients and their families, was damaged. The small village of Mangaoka was forced to move inland 100 m (330 ft). In Tamatave, a daily peak rainfall total of 294 mm (11.6 in) was measured, and 711 mm (28.0 in) fell in a six-day period. Due to the rainfall, 70% of the town's population moved to high ground. In
261:
In northern
Madagascar, Kamisy produced wind gusts of 250 km/h (155 mph), which destroyed 80% of the city of Diego Suarez. About 39,000 people were left homeless in the area, and there were five deaths. In western Madagascar, the cyclone dropped 232.2 mm (9.14 in) of rainfall
451:
After making its second landfall, 80% of the port of
Mahajanga was destroyed, where 42,120 people were reportedly homeless. Many neighborhoods of the town, whose population was 45,000, were completed washed away. Many rice fields in the region were destroyed due to widespread river flooding. In
501:
provided 2.2 short tons (2.0 t) of medicine, 500 short tons (450 t), and 4 tents. The government asked for 60,000 short tons (54,000 t) of rice, 5,000 short tons (4,500 t) of flour, 200 short tons (180 t) of edible oil, and 20 short tons (18 t) of milk and canned
439:
In Diego Suarez, the storm caused significant damage, especially in residential areas. Warehouses, schools, and other public buildings suffered extensive damage. Throughout the city, 80% of the buildings were damaged and the town was 85% destroyed. Electrical and water supplies were cut in Diego
241:
on 3 April 1984 and subsequently moved westward, intensifying into a moderate tropical storm two days later. Given the name Kamisy, the storm gradually intensified into an intense tropical cyclone by 9 April. Kamisy reached winds of 170 km/h (105 mph) before making landfall in extreme
417:
After maintaining peak intensity for less than a day, it weakened slightly. On 9 April, the storm brushed the northern
Madagascar coast as a severe tropical storm, though the JTWC suggested that Kamsiy was considerably stronger. However, the afternoon to storm emerged into the extreme northern
409:
Kamisy steadily intensified and on 6 April, the JTWC reported that it attained hurricane-force winds despite MFR estimating winds of 80 km/h (50 mph). Early on 7 April, however, Kamisy was upgraded into a severe tropical storm as it had earned a rating of T4.0 on the Dvorak scale.
521:. Amongst other assistance provided they restored the roof and power to the ports hospital and repaired the leprosarium at Befaria, near Diego-Suarez. Two French naval vessels also supplied brought food, medicine and other emergency supplies to help with the aftermath of the cyclone.
452:
Mahajanga alone, 15 people were killed while 30 others were majorly hurt. Several schools throughout the city were destroyed. Winds greater than 112 mph (180 km/h) were reported in
Mahanjanga as well. Elsewhere, the town of Movoya was also mostly destroyed.
431:
Throughout
Madagascar, a total of 68 casualties were reported and 100,000 people were left homeless. Damage totaled to more than $ 250 million (1984 USD). Kamisy was considered the worst system to strike Madagascar since 1911. According to
464:, in the Comoros island group, where severe damage was recorded. One death was also reported. Dozens of others were severely hurt. Around 25,000 people were displaced. All of the banana and rice crop were destroyed by the storm in both Comoros and
517:, between April 23 and May 1, 1984. The warship was the first American naval vessel to visit the port after Madagascar's Government banned the superpowers including France and the United States from using it during the 1970s and were awarded two
436:, 7,000 buildings were at least partially destroyed, including 1,020 schools and 450 hospitals. Approximately 215 people were injured due to the storm. Overall, Kamisy was the strongest storm to hit the nation between 1980 and 1993.
476:
Following the storm, emergency food and medical supplies were rushed into the nation. Due to
Madagascar's small budget, it did not have the resources to repair all the damage alone. Two French rescue mission, including one from
448:, 30,000 of the 40,000 inhabitants were left homeless and were left with little food or water. Throughout northern Madagascar, about 39,000 people were left homeless in the area; there were five deaths.
410:
Thereafter, the storm began to undergo rapid deepening. Later that day, the JTWC announced that Kamisy attained winds of 170 km/h (105 mph), equivalent to a mid-level
Category 2 hurricane on the
569:
over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10 minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1 minute winds.
258:. Kamisy quickly crossed the country. After emerging into the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Madagascar, the system reintensified into a moderate tropical storm before dissipating on 16 April.
481:, provided victims with food and medical assistance to Madagascar and Mayotte. Furthermore, the Malagasy Red Cross launched an appeal for blankets, clothes, tents, and medicine. The
871:
266:. Following the storm, emergency food and medical supplies were rushed into the nation. In addition to the impact to Madagascar, one death and severe damage was reported in the
642:
Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (26 April 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?".
1049:
677:
1371:
493:
provided $ 65,000 worth of supplies while the nations' the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies decided to send a disaster team to the devastated area. The
1177:
814:
503:
217:
1084:
1050:
United Nations Center for Human Settlements, The Government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, The International Academy of Agriculture (1991).
1053:
Proceedings and Final Report of the International Seminar on the Improvements of Housing Missions and the Rehabilitation of Historic Seminars
882:
602:
713:
1396:
788:
685:
1337:
411:
1279:
1406:
1401:
960:
1391:
1061:
970:
1336:
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense. "Chapter 6.9 – DoD Service Medals: Humanitarian Service Medal".
1386:
1051:
682:
The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data
822:
1376:
403:
139:
1381:
648:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1163:
518:
676:
Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010).
292:
135:
675:
566:
538:
391:
202:
617:
739:
371:
1182:
172:
815:"Madagascar a été touché par 4 cyclones très remarquables pendant les 30 dernières années"
206:
8:
361:
1260:
1243:
Adriaan J.H. Korver (January 1987). "Relief Work in the Wave of the Cyclone "Kamisy"".
1078:
247:
1228:"U.S. Sailors Help Repair Cyclone Damage In Madagascar". Associated Press. 3 May 1983.
1264:
1158:
1057:
966:
945:"Cyclone devastates Indian Ocean islands". United Press International. 13 April 1984.
510:
395:
87:
1343:
1252:
387:
351:
282:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
230:
546:
267:
116:
641:
565:
Wind estimates from Météo-France and most other basins throughout the world are
494:
1256:
1365:
919:
Evaluation of Post- Disaster Housing Education as a Local Mitigation Approach
911:
845:
643:
482:
108:
1098:"Weather History: April 8: Record Temps, Storms, Cyclone, Snow & Wind".
514:
441:
238:
843:
28:
684:(Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Archived from
490:
445:
243:
1335:
1311:
485:
provided $ 25,000 in cash and $ 15,000 worth of other items. Moreover,
465:
433:
383:
234:
195:
183:
112:
478:
399:
254:, the cyclone turned to the southeast, striking Madagascar again near
250:, but briefly re-intensified on 10 April. That day while passing near
600:
263:
711:
278:
912:"Madagascar: Training for Safer Construction after Cyclone Kamisy"
386:
that formed in early April. On 3 April, the system was assigned a
1284:
461:
255:
251:
191:
187:
498:
486:
962:
Climate Change in the Classroom: Secondary Teacher Education
909:
789:"Madagascar Cyclone Feb 1984 UNDRO Situation Reports 1 - 9"
306:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
301:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1208:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1984. p. 17.
1126:
846:
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present
844:
Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (August 1993).
737:
374:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
326:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
321:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
316:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
601:
La Météorlogie, Service de la Réunion (September 1984).
311:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
1186:. United Press International. 14 April 1984. p. 11
989:. World Meteorological Organization. 1985. p. 303.
1116:(21 ed.). Africa Research Bulletin. p. 7257.
764:"International News". Associated Press. 12 April 1984.
1305:
1303:
1245:
World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine
881:. Solidarité et changement climatique. Archived from
528:
402:(MFR). However, the storm was not classified by the
331:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
237:
since 1911. A tropical disturbance formed near
1242:
1300:
513:, were diverted to assist in the relief effort in
460:After making its first landfall, the storm struck
506:, when Cyclone Honorinina devastated the nation.
1363:
869:
1129:Madagascar & Comoros: a travel survival kit
1372:1983–84 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
504:1985–86 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
270:, where all of the banana crop was destroyed.
218:1983–84 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
1251:(1). Netherlands Red Cross Society: 116–118.
821:(in French). 18 February 2012. Archived from
795:. UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs. 1984
603:"La Saison Cyclonique 1983-1984 A Madagascar"
390:of T2.0 and was respectively upgraded into a
1083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1212:
910:Jean W. Parker; James P. Good (July 1993).
905:
903:
712:Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance.
382:Cyclone Kamisy originated from an area of
205:
33:Intense Tropical Cyclone Kamisy on 8 April
27:
1339:Manual of Military Decorations and Awards
1331:
1329:
1114:Economic, financial, and technical series
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
273:
1145:. Africa News Service. 1985. p. 48.
277:
1309:
940:
938:
936:
900:
872:"Disaster Risk Reduction in Madagascar"
16:South-West Indian Ocean cyclone in 1984
1364:
1326:
1277:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1000:
998:
996:
807:
660:
125:Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone
1198:
1127:Deanna Swaney; Robert Willox (1994).
1120:
1106:
1043:
979:
953:
837:
783:
781:
779:
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586:
1312:"The History of the USS Hector AR-7"
1236:
965:. The World Bank. 2000. p. 21.
933:
707:
705:
703:
635:
616:(Juil-DĂ©c 1983): 146. Archived from
1314:. The USS Hector (AR-7) Association
1271:
1170:
1017:
993:
509:Sailors from the US Navy's warship
412:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
13:
1230: – via Lexis Nexis
1149:
1037: – via Lexis Nexis
1011: – via Lexis Nexis
947: – via Lexis Nexis
772:
766: – via Lexis Nexis
754:
583:
14:
1418:
740:The Weather Doctor's Diary: April
700:
1005:"Cyclone damage in Madagascar".
531:
489:donated $ 41,500 to Madagascar.
366:
356:
346:
246:. It weakened upon entering the
1397:Natural disasters in Madagascar
1285:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1135:
1091:
1007:BBC Summary of World Broadcasts
863:
610:Madagascar: Revue de GĂ©ographie
227:Intense Tropical Cyclone Kamisy
22:Intense Tropical Cyclone Kamisy
1031:"Cyclone batters Madagascar".
870:Christope Buffet (July 2011).
731:
559:
440:Suarez. Nearby, in Befaria, a
1:
1342:. p. 171. Archived from
576:
426:
738:The Weather Doctor's Diary.
471:
455:
404:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
150:185 km/h (115 mph)
98:170 km/h (105 mph)
7:
1156:"Cyclone Hits Madagascar".
678:1984 KAMISY (1984094S10080)
524:
519:Humanitarian Service Medals
497:provided $ 74,000 is cash;
10:
1423:
1164:United Press International
645:Frequently Asked Questions
1407:Tropical cyclones in 1984
1402:Intense Tropical Cyclones
1257:10.1017/S1049023X00028892
1206:Sub-Saharan Africa Report
1178:"Typhoon hits Madagascar"
1056:. Un-Habitat. p. 7.
714:Annual Report for FY 1984
421:
242:northern Madagascar near
229:was considered the worst
213:
201:
179:
171:$ 250 million (1984
167:
159:
154:
146:
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102:
94:
82:
75:
60:
45:
38:
26:
1392:Disasters in the Comoros
1310:Bob Lea (16 July 2013).
552:
77:Intense tropical cyclone
1232:(subscription required)
1039:(subscription required)
1013:(subscription required)
949:(subscription required)
768:(subscription required)
539:tropical cyclone portal
392:moderate tropical storm
64:17 April 1984
1387:Cyclones in Madagascar
1278:HL Deb (24 May 1984).
379:
274:Meteorological history
49:3 April 1984
40:Meteorological history
372:Extratropical cyclone
281:
1183:The Montreal Gazette
888:on 27 September 2013
825:on 27 September 2013
623:on 21 September 2013
293:Saffir–Simpson scale
103:Lowest pressure
1377:1984 in the Comoros
1346:on 17 February 2013
719:(Report). ReliefWeb
362:Subtropical cyclone
233:to affect northern
84:10-minute sustained
23:
1382:1984 in Madagascar
1033:The Globe and Mail
380:
248:Mozambique Channel
147:Highest winds
132:1-minute sustained
95:Highest winds
21:
1288:. Mil Bank System
1159:Los Angeles Times
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1280:"Cyclone Kamisy"
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1166:. 14 April 1984.
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1035:. 13 April 1984.
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1009:. 17 April 1983.
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231:tropical cyclone
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1102:. 7 April 2011.
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688:on 5 March 2016
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547:Cyclone Geralda
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268:Comoros Islands
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155:Overall effects
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879:DDR Madagascar
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819:Afriquinfos
491:Netherlands
446:Antsiranana
442:leprosarium
1366:Categories
793:Relief Web
577:References
511:USS Hector
466:Seychelles
434:Relief Web
427:Madagascar
398:office on
384:convection
342:Storm type
235:Madagascar
196:Seychelles
184:Madagascar
160:Fatalities
68:1984-04-17
61:Dissipated
53:1984-04-03
1265:129429860
1079:cite book
567:sustained
472:Aftermath
456:Elsewhere
264:Mahajanga
1100:Examiner
921:. US Aid
851:(Report)
742:(Report)
525:See also
336:Unknown
163:69 total
1318:27 July
1292:11 July
1190:10 July
1069:20 July
925:10 July
892:27 July
855:31 July
829:27 July
799:20 July
746:10 July
723:28 July
692:20 July
652:30 July
627:20 July
479:Reunion
462:Mayotte
400:Reunion
394:by the
286:Map key
256:Majunga
252:Mayotte
203:IBTrACS
192:Mayotte
188:Comoros
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422:Impact
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168:Damage
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1261:S2CID
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606:(PDF)
553:Notes
487:Italy
136:SSHWS
1352:2013
1320:2013
1294:2013
1192:2013
1085:link
1071:2013
1058:ISBN
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140:JTWC
117:inHg
113:mbar
107:927
1253:doi
173:USD
109:hPa
88:MFR
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