Black-footed ferret

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was overlapped by a resident male that occupied 337.5 acres (137 ha) during the same period. The average density of black-footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, is estimated at one black-footed ferret to 148 acres (60 ha). As of 1985, 40 to 60 black-footed ferrets occupied a total of 6,178 to 7,413 acres (2,500 to 3,000 ha) of white-tailed prairie dog habitat. From 1982 to 1984, the average year-round movement of 15 black-footed ferrets between white-tailed prairie dog colonies was 1.6 miles/night (2.5 km) (with a spread of 1.1 miles or 1.7 km). Movement of black-footed ferrets between prairie dog colonies is influenced by factors including breeding activity, season, sex, intraspecific territoriality, prey density, and expansion of home ranges with declining population density. Movements of black-footed ferrets have been shown to increase during the breeding season; however, snow-tracking from December to March over a 4-year period near Meeteetse, Wyoming, revealed that factors other than breeding were responsible for movement distances.

716: 835:, and cheatgrass. High densities of prairie dog burrows provide the greatest amount of cover for black-footed ferrets. Black-tailed prairie dog colonies contain a greater burrow density per acre than white-tailed prairie dog colonies, and may be more suitable for the recovery of black-footed ferrets. The type of prairie dog burrow may be important for occupancy by black-footed ferrets. Black-footed ferret litters near Meeteetse, Wyoming, were associated with mounded white-tailed prairie dog burrows, which are less common than non-mounded burrows. Mounded burrows contain multiple entrances and probably have a deep and extensive burrow system that protects kits. However, black-footed ferrets used non-mounded prairie dog burrows (64%) more often than mounded burrows (30%) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. 1222:

other hand, the tribe was also contracted for the U.S. Forest Service prairie dog poisoning program. The increasing numbers of ferrets led to conflicts between the tribe's Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Game, Fish and Parks Department and the Tribal Land Enterprise Organization. When the federal government started an investigation of the tribe's prairie dog management program, threatening to prosecute tribal employees or agents carrying out the management plan in the ferret reintroduction area, the tribal council passed a resolution in 2008, asking the two federal agencies to remove ferrets, and reimburse the tribe for its expenses for the ferret recovery program.

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breeding and white-tailed prairie dogs emerged from hibernation. Nightly movement distance of 170 black-footed ferrets averaged 0.87 miles (1.40 km) (range 0.001 to 6.91 miles (0.0016 to 11.1206 kilometres)). Nightly activity areas of black-footed ferrets ranged from 1 to 337.5 acres (0 to 137 ha)), and were larger from February to March (110.2 acres (45 ha)) than from December to January (33.6 acres (14 ha)). Adult females establish activity areas based on access to food for rearing young. Males establish activity areas to maximize access to females, resulting in larger activity areas than those of females.

1124: 587: 505: 103: 350:. The species appeared in the Great Basin and the Rockies by 750,000 years ago. The oldest recorded fossil find originates from Cathedral Cave, White Pine County, Nevada, and dates back 750,000 to 950,000 years ago. Prairie dog fossils have been found in six sites that yield ferrets, thus indicating that the association between the two species is an old one. Anecdotal observations and 42% of examined fossil records indicated that any substantial colony of medium- to large-sized colonial 544: 406: 3725: 3715: 61: 1055: 1214: 42: 1101:

conservation of an endangered species in nature. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state and tribal agencies, private landowners, conservation groups, and North American zoos have actively reintroduced ferrets back into the wild since 1991. Beginning in Shirley Basin in Eastern Wyoming, reintroduction expanded to Montana, six sites in South Dakota in 1994, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Saskatchewan, Canada and Chihuahua, Mexico. The

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ferret movements were nonlinear in character, probably to avoid predators. From December to March over a 4-year study period, black-footed ferrets investigated 68 white-tailed prairie dog holes per 1 mile (1.6 km) of travel/night. Distance traveled between white-tailed prairie dog burrows from December to March averaged 74.2 feet (22.6 m) over 149 track routes.

358:, may provide a sufficient prey base and a source of burrows for black-footed ferrets. This suggests that the black-footed ferret and prairie dogs did not historically have an obligate predator–prey relationship. The species has likely always been rare, and the modern black-footed ferret represents a relict population. A reported occurrence of the species is from a late 420:, and its ears are triangular, short, erect and broad at the base. The neck is long and the legs short and stout. The toes are armed with sharp, very slightly arched claws. The feet on both surfaces are covered in hair, even to the soles, thus concealing the claws. It combines several physical features common in both members of the 523:. It is most active above ground from dusk to midnight and 4 am to mid-morning. Aboveground activity is greatest during late summer and early autumn when juveniles become independent. Climate generally does not limit black-footed ferret activity, but it may remain inactive inside burrows for up to 6 days at a time during winter. 984:

forward, we cannot wonder that many species have been entirely overlooked... The habits of this species resemble, as far as we have learned, those of . It feeds on birds, small reptiles and animals, eggs, and various insects, and is a bold and cunning foe to the rabbits, hares, grouse, and other game of our western regions.

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The contradictory mandates of the two federal agencies involved, the USFWS and the U.S. Forest Service, are exemplified in what the Rosebud Sioux tribe experienced: The ferret was reintroduced by the USFWS, which according to the tribe promised to pay more than $ 1 million a year through 2010. On the

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As of 2013, about 1,200 ferrets are thought to live in the wild. These wild populations are possible due to the extensive breeding program that releases surplus animals to reintroduction sites, which are then monitored by USFWS biologists for health and growth. However, the species cannot depend just

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management efforts that allow access to prey resources at a wider region or actions that could substantially reduce the plague transmission. Implementing efforts to conserve large prairie dog landscapes and plague mitigation tools are very important in conserving the black-footed ferrets' population.

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It is with great pleasure that we introduce this handsome new species; ... inhabits the wooded parts of the country to the Rocky Mountains, and perhaps is found beyond that range... When we consider the very rapid manner in which every expedition that has crossed the Rocky Mountains, has been pushed

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Female black-footed ferrets have smaller home ranges than males. Home ranges of males may sometimes include the home ranges of several females. Adult females usually occupy the same territory every year. A female that was tracked from December to March occupied 39.5 acres (16 ha). Her territory

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Prey density may account for movement distances. Black-footed ferrets may travel up to 11 miles (18 km) to seek prey, suggesting that they will interchange freely among white-tailed prairie dog colonies that are less than 11 miles (18 km) apart. In areas of high prey density, black-footed

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resulted in its reintroduction into eight western US states, Canada, and Mexico from 1991 to 2009. As of 2015, over 200 mature individuals are in the wild across 18 populations, with four self-sustaining populations in South Dakota, Arizona, and Wyoming. It was first listed as "endangered" in 1982,

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Historical habitats of the black-footed ferret included shortgrass prairie, mixed-grass prairie, desert grassland, shrub steppe, sagebrush steppe, mountain grassland, and semi-arid grassland. Black-footed ferrets use prairie dog burrows for raising young, avoiding predators, and thermal cover. Six

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lasting from 1.5 to 3.0 hours. Unlike other mustelids, the black-footed ferret is a habitat specialist with low reproductive rates. In captivity, gestation of black-footed ferrets lasts 42–45 days. Litter size ranges from one to five kits. Kits are born in May and June in prairie dog burrows. Kits

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Temperature is positively correlated with distance of black-footed ferret movement. Snow-tracking from December to March over a 4-year period near Meeteetse, Wyoming, revealed that movement distances were shortest during winter and longest between February and April, when black-footed ferrets were

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Males measure 500–533 millimetres (19.7–21.0 in) in body length and 114–127 millimetres (4.5–5.0 in) in tail length, thus constituting 22–25% of its body length. Females are typically 10% smaller than males. It weighs 650–1,400 grams (1.43–3.09 lb). Captive-bred ferrets used for the

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featured a black-footed ferret on its "Data Federated Electronic Research Review Extraction and Tabulation Tool" or "Data FERRETT" web tool. This tool allowed researchers outside the government to extract unique, anonymized data from respondents to Census surveys, including the Current Population

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Conservation efforts have been opposed by stock growers and ranchers, who have traditionally fought prairie dogs. In 2005, the U.S. Forest Service began poisoning prairie dogs in private land buffer zones of the Conata Basin of Buffalo Gap National Grassland. Because 10–15 ranchers complained the

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Oil and natural gas exploration and extraction can have detrimental impacts on prairie dogs and black-footed ferrets. Seismic activity collapses prairie dog burrows. Other problems include potential leaks and spills, increased roads and fences, increased vehicle traffic and human presence, and an

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A study published in 1983 modeling metabolizable energy requirements estimated that one adult female black-footed ferret and her litter require about 474 to 1,421 black-tailed prairie dogs per year or 412 to 1,236 white-tailed prairie dogs per year for sustenance. They concluded that this dietary

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and are raised by their mother for several months after birth. Kits first emerge above ground in July, at 6 weeks old. They are then separated into individual prairie dog burrows around their mother's burrow. Kits reach adult weight and become independent several months following birth, from late

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a female named Willa, who died in the mid-1980s and left no living descendants. Her clone, a female named Elizabeth Ann, was born on December 10, 2020, making her the first North American endangered species to be cloned. Scientists hope that the contribution of this individual will alleviate the

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breeding for future survival, as reproductive traits such as pregnancy rate and normal sperm motility and morphology have been steadily declining with time in captivity. These declining markers of individual and population health are thought to be due to increased inbreeding, an occurrence often

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Primary causes of mortality include habitat loss, human-introduced diseases, and indirect poisoning from prairie dog control measures. Annual mortality of juvenile and adult black-footed ferrets over a 4-year period ranged from 59 to 83% (128 individuals) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. During fall and

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Intercolony dispersal of juvenile black-footed ferrets occurs several months after birth, from early September to early November. Dispersal distances may be short or long. Near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 9 juvenile males and three juvenile females dispersed 1 to 4 mi (1.6 to 6.4 km) following

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region are sooty-black. The area midway between the front and back legs is marked by a large patch of dark umber-brown, which fades into the buffy surrounding parts. A small spot occurs over each eye, with a narrow band behind the black mask. The sides of the head and the ears are dirty-white in

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introduced into North America, also contributed to the prairie dog die-off, though ferret numbers declined proportionately more than their prey, thus indicating other factors may have been responsible. Plague was first detected in South Dakota in a coyote in 2004, and then in about 50,000 acres

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breeding and then reintroduction into its native range. As such, this sole endemic North American ferret allows examining the impact of a severe genetic restriction on subsequent biological form and function, especially on reproductive traits and success. The black-footed ferret was listed as

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counted a population of 223 in one area of Wyoming (the original number of reintroduced ferrets, most of which died, was 228), and an annual growth rate of 35% from 2003 to 2006 was estimated. This rate of recovery is much faster than for many endangered species, and the ferret seems to have

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in 2006–2007. Nevertheless, plague was proven in ferrets in May 2008. Since then each year 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) of their Conata Basin habitat is dusted and about 50–150 ferrets are immunized with plague vaccine. Ferrets are unlikely to persist through plague episodes unless there are

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The black-footed ferret is an example of a species that benefits from strong reproductive science. A captive-breeding program was initiated in 1987, capturing 18 living individuals and using artificial insemination. This is one of the first examples of assisted reproduction contributing to

1046:, revealed low levels of genetic variation. Canine distemper devastated the Meeteetse ferret population in 1985. A live virus vaccine originally made for domestic ferrets killed large numbers of black-footed ferrets, thus indicating that the species is especially susceptible to distemper. 485:

The base color is pale yellowish or buffy above and below. The top of the head and sometimes the neck is clouded by dark-tipped hairs. The face is crossed by a broad band of sooty black, which includes the eyes. The feet, lower parts of the legs, the tip of the tail and the

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endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in 1967. Declared extinct in 1979, a residual wild population was discovered in Meeteetse, Wyoming, in 1981. This cohort eventually grew to 130 individuals and was then nearly extirpated by sylvatic plague,

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having received 86 ferret skins from Pratt, Chouteau, and Company of St. Louis in the late 1830s. During the early years of predator control, black-footed ferret carcasses were likely discarded, as their fur was of low value. This likely continued after the passing of the

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winter, 50–70% of juveniles and older animals perish. Average lifespan in the wild is probably only one year, but may be up to five years. Males have higher rates of mortality than females because of longer dispersal distances when they are most vulnerable to predators.

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Santymire, R. M.; Lonsdorf, E. V.; Lynch, C. M.; Wildt, D. E.; Marinari, P. E.; Kreeger, J. S.; Howard, J. G. (2019). "Inbreeding causes decreased seminal quality affecting pregnancy and litter size in the endangered black-footed ferret".

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requirement would require protection of 91 to 235 acres (37 to 95 ha) of black-tailed prairie dog habitat or 413 to 877 acres (167 to 355 ha) of white-tailed prairie dog habitat for each female black-footed ferret with a litter.

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prevailed over the previous problems of disease and prey shortage that hampered its improvement. As of 2007, the total wild population of black-footed ferrets in the U.S. was well over 650 individuals, plus 250 in captivity. In 2008, the

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encounter each other, the male sniffs the genital region of the female, but does not mount her until after a few hours have elapsed, which is contrast to the more violent behavior displayed by the male European polecat. During

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Given an obligate dependence of black-footed ferrets on prairie dogs, black-footed ferrets are extremely vulnerable to prairie dog habitat loss. Habitat loss results from agriculture, livestock use, and other development.

1012:, for fear of reprisals. The large drop in black-footed ferret numbers began during the 1800s through to the 1900s, as prairie dog numbers declined because of control programs and the conversion of prairies to croplands. 439:(European and steppe polecats). Its skull resembles that of polecats in its size, massiveness and the development of its ridges and depressions, though it is distinguished by the extreme degree of constriction behind the 609:

and were forced to find alternative prey when white-tailed prairie dogs entered their four-month hibernation cycle. In Wyoming, alternative prey items consumed during white-tailed prairie dog hibernation included voles

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In Mellette County, South Dakota, black-tailed prairie dog remains occurred in 91% of 82 black-footed ferret scats. Mouse remains occurred in 26% of scats. Mouse remains could not be identified to species; however,

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show aspects of the tightly controlled breeding. In May 2000, the Canadian Species at Risk Act listed the black-footed ferret as being an extirpated species in Canada. A population of 35 animals was released into

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reclassified the species as "globally endangered", a substantial improvement since the 1996 assessment, when it was considered extinct in the wild, as the species was indeed only surviving in captivity. In 2016,

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O'Brien, S. J.; Roelke, M. E.; Marker, L.; Newman, A.; Winkler, C. A.; Meltzer, D.; Colly, L.; Evermann, J. F.; Bush, M.; Wildt, D. E. (March 22, 1985). "Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah".

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effects of inbreeding and help black-footed ferrets better cope with plague. Experts estimate that this female's genome contains three times as much genetic diversity as any of the modern black-footed ferrets.

871:. A short-term vaccine for canine distemper is available for captive black-footed ferrets, but no protection is available for young born in the wild. Black-footed ferrets are also susceptible to rabies, 2468: 478:. The only noticeable differences between the black-footed ferret and the steppe polecat are the former's much shorter and coarser fur, larger ears, and longer post molar extension of the palate. 1398: 2237:

Forrest, Steven C.; Biggins, Dean E.; Richardson, Louise; Clark, Tim W.; Campbell, Thomas M. III; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.; Thorne, E. (1988). "Population attributes for the black-footed ferret (

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The black-footed ferret has a long, slender body with black outlines on its paws, ears, parts of its face and its tail. The forehead is arched and broad, and the muzzle is short. It has few

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breeding program. Seven of those 18 animals produced offspring that survived and reproduced, and with currently living descendants, are the ancestors of all black-footed ferrets now in the

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Roelke, Melody E.; Martenson, Janice S.; O'Brien, Stephen J. (June 1, 1993). "The consequences of demographic reduction and genetic depletion in the endangered Florida panther".

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Antonelli, T.S.; Leischner, C.L.; Ososky, J.J.; Hartstone-Rose, A. (January 2016). "The effect of captivity on the oral health of the critically endangered black-footed ferret (

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is much closer in conformation to weasels and stoats. The dentition of the black-footed ferret closely resembles that of the European and steppe polecat, though the back lower

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on October 2, 2009, and a litter of newborn kits was observed in July 2010. Reintroduction sites have experienced multiple years of reproduction from released individuals.

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Based on 86 black-footed ferret scats found near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 87% of their diet was composed of white-tailed prairie dogs. Other food items included deer mice,

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Shoemaker, Kevin T.; Lacy, Robert C.; Verant, Michelle L.; Brook, Barry W.; Livieri, Travis M.; Miller, Philip S.; Fordham, Damien A.; Akçakaya, H. Resit (2014).

1787: 3112: 1135:. In September 2006, South Dakota's ferret population was estimated to be around 420, with 250 (100 breeding adults consisting of 67 females and 33 males) in 1131:

The black-footed ferret was first listed as endangered in 1967 under the Endangered Species Preservation Act, and was re-listed on January 4, 1974, under the

605:. Their diet varies depending on geographic location. In western Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, black-footed ferrets are historically associated with 715: 555:, based on data collected from home range sizes, skewed sex ratios, and sexual dimorphism. Mating occurs in February and March. When a male and female in 482:

reintroduction projects were found to be smaller than their wild counterparts, though these animals rapidly attained historical body sizes once released.

3219: 2709: 334: 2291:, In: Endangered Species Program. Pierre, SD: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region, South Dakota Ecological Services Field Office 9417: 3164: 804: 2122: 8591: 1085:, with eventually 18 animals remaining. These survivors were captured from 1985 to 1987 to serve as the foundation for the black-footed ferret 1059: 1032: 776: 2024:

Wisely, Samantha M.; Santymire, Rachel M.; Livieri, Travis M.; Marinari, Paul E.; Kreeger, Julie S.; Wildt, David E.; Howard, Jogayle (2005).

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Hillman, Conrad N. 1968. Life history and ecology of the black-footed ferret in the wild. Brookings, SD: South Dakota State University. Thesis

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by the greater contrast between its dark limbs and pale body and the shorter length of its black tail-tip. In contrast, differences from the

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in Nebraska, against opinions of biologists in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Following exposure by conservation groups including the

1198:, then Undersecretary of Agriculture, expanded its "prairie-dog management" in September 2006 to all of South Dakota's Buffalo Gap and the 2014:. pp. 9397. In Eighth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM-154, Rapid City, South Dakota. 1163:

ferret population was well over 100 and a second reintroduction site with around 50 animals is used. An August 2007 report in the journal

747:. As of 2007, the only known wild black-footed ferret population was located on approximately 6,000 acres (2,400 hectares) in the western 2378: 1275: 551:

The reproductive physiology of the black-footed ferret is similar to that of the European polecat and the steppe polecat. It is probably

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litter breakup. Four juvenile females dispersed a short distance (<0.2 mi (0.32 km)), but remained on their natal area.

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Although similar in size to polecats, its attenuate body, long neck, very short legs, slim tail, large orbicular ears and close-set

9391: 1516: 3434: 9443: 3386: 2130: 1486: 1409: 1139:, which is 100,000 acres (40,000 ha), less than 3% of the public grasslands in South Dakota, 70 miles (110 km) east of 300: 3190: 2342:

Stromberg, Mark R.; Rayburn, R. Lee; Clark, Tim W. (1983). "Black-footed ferret prey requirements: an energy balance estimate".

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The black-footed ferret experienced a recent population bottleneck in the wild followed by a more than 30-year recovery through

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The historical range of the black-footed ferret was closely correlated with, but not restricted to, the range of prairie dogs (

3325:. U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture. Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. North American fauna no.11. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. 9600: 9585: 9487: 3053: 9448: 2765: 1645:

Richardson, Louise; Clark, Tim W.; Forrest, Steven C.; Campbell, Thomas M. (1987). "Winter ecology of black-footed ferrets (

1478: 9620: 3761: 17: 3406: 9605: 1795: 1325: 932: 628:. Because black-tailed prairie dogs do not hibernate, little seasonal change in black-footed ferret diet is necessary. 284:. It is largely nocturnal and solitary, except when breeding or raising litters. Up to 90% of its diet is composed of 5131: 3482: 3309: 3290: 2615:

Wildt, David E.; Wemmer, Christen (July 1999). "Sex and wildlife: the role of reproductive science in conservation".

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The species declined throughout the 20th century, primarily as a result of decreases in prairie dog populations and

3401: 2493: 2026:"Environment influences morphology and development for in situ and ex situ populations of the black-footed ferret ( 1540:

Heptner, V. G. (Vladimir Georgievich); Nasimovich, A. A; Bannikov, Andrei Grigorovich; Hoffmann, Robert S. (2001).

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Volume: v. 2, pt. 1b. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.

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and national media public outcry and a lawsuit mobilized federal officials, and the poisoning plan was revoked.

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Elizabeth Ann, the first cloned black-footed ferret and first-ever cloned U.S. endangered species, 54 days old

7693: 328:), the black-footed ferret represents a more progressive form than the European polecat in the direction of 1304: 1377: 9482: 9430: 9332: 7684: 4887: 1333: 955:, used black-footed ferrets for religious rites and for food. The species was not encountered during the 9337: 1863:

Owen, Pamela R.; Bell, Christopher J. (2000). "Fossils, diet, and conservation of black-footed ferrets (

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in 2005. Thereafter 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of prairie dog colonies were treated with insecticide (

956: 653: 7171: 338:(from which the European and steppe polecats are also derived), which originated in Europe during the 9383: 6010: 3669: 2688: 2134: 1203: 1136: 2809: 2187: 102: 9068: 8963: 7702: 5992: 5720: 5687: 5663: 5484: 4736: 3700: 3581: 2025: 1456: 1140: 1113: 820: 625: 606: 9500: 1591:"Habitat suitability index model for the black-footed ferret: a method to locate transplant sites" 1403: 759:. Since 1990, black-footed ferrets have been reintroduced to the following sites: Shirley Basin, 631: 8730: 7711: 7442: 7135: 7070: 6452: 6028: 5501: 5023: 3754: 3664: 700: 9539: 9422: 9249: 8954: 8706: 8519: 8395: 8007: 7989: 7817: 7511: 7502: 7144: 5882: 4674: 3331: 1148: 1132: 1031:) and 1,000 acres (400 ha) of black-footed ferret habitat were prophylactically dusted in 1024: 852: 780: 313: 304:

then listed as "extinct in the wild" in 1996 before being upgraded back to "endangered" in the

2739: 2469:"Black-footed ferrets were nearly extinct. Here's how landowners want to help bring them back" 2386: 9534: 9131: 8386: 8368: 8359: 8350: 7835: 7826: 7198: 5968: 5959: 5950: 5899: 5837: 5819: 5810: 5747: 5696: 5534: 5525: 3962: 3601: 3475: 3443: 1039: 828: 363: 342:. Molecular evidence indicates that the steppe polecat and black-footed ferret diverged from 197: 9526: 7153: 7049: 9461: 9368: 9296: 8972: 8873: 8832: 8546: 8057: 7785: 7111: 6176: 5926: 5917: 5873: 5828: 5451: 4957: 4692: 4518: 3007: 2955: 2920: 2889: 2624: 2586: 2522: 2285: 2044: 1081: 1068: 1004: 851:

Black-footed ferrets are susceptible to numerous diseases. They are fatally susceptible to

665: 561: 395: 3455: 2399: 8: 9301: 9212: 8930: 8377: 8263: 8245: 8090: 7939: 7844: 7094: 7040: 6789: 6531: 6522: 5786: 5059: 5041: 4896: 4745: 4248: 3521: 3320: 3041: 2838: 1226: 913: 696: 669: 640: 552: 50: 6282: 3271: 3011: 2959: 2924: 2628: 2590: 2526: 2048: 1821:"Elizabeth Ann the Black-Footed Ferret Is the First-Ever Cloned Endangered U.S. Species" 1367: 1123: 635:

Skeletons of black-footed ferret (left) and prairie dog (right) articulated to show the

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Like its close relative, the Asian steppe polecat (with which it was once thought to be

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Animated GIF of a ferret typing at a computer for Census Bureau Data Ferrett web tool.

9595: 9521: 9345: 8906: 8823: 8603: 8099: 8066: 6990: 6497: 6219: 6001: 5855: 5729: 5613: 4966: 4796: 4754: 4701: 4481: 4463: 4221: 3571: 3362: 3354: 3305: 3286: 3260: 3023: 2971: 2967: 2496:. Final Report to South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, 2012 Wildlife Diversity Grant. 2426: 1541: 1433: 1164: 881:), and epidemics in prairie dog towns may completely destroy the ferrets' prey base. 816: 3391: 2983: 2644: 2438: 2064: 1896: 827:

black-footed ferret nests found near Mellette County, South Dakota, were lined with

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The black-footed ferret is solitary, except when breeding or raising litters. It is

295:. It was declared extinct in 1979, but a residual wild population was discovered in 9580: 9350: 9185: 9018: 8296: 7726: 7016: 6798: 6548: 5738: 5637: 5421: 5412: 4996: 4787: 4778: 4572: 4563: 4121: 3718: 3690: 3626: 3536: 3468: 3326: 3015: 2963: 2928: 2632: 2594: 2530: 2416: 2351: 2322: 2314: 2250: 2102: 2052: 1938: 1876: 1658: 1451: 1242: 909: 889: 673: 509: 467: 463: 277: 2494:

Assessing the risk of plague to black-footed ferrets in Conata Basin, South Dakota

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has bred hundreds, most of which were released into the wild. Several episodes of

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may have also contributed to the decline, as studies on black-footed ferrets from

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The Worse Things Get, the Harder I Fight, the Harder I Fight, the More I Love You

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increased number of raptor perching sites on power poles. Traps set for coyotes,

897: 877: 868: 487: 440: 351: 292: 9474: 967:, and it did not become known to modern science until it was first described in 9176: 9095: 8897: 8644: 8537: 8510: 7563: 7180: 6780: 6644: 6327: 5864: 5846: 5777: 5388: 5379: 4981: 4942: 3896: 3808: 3586: 3561: 2421: 1432:

Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R.G. & Hughes, J.P. (2015).

960: 905: 860: 832: 748: 688: 624:

spp.) found near streams. In South Dakota, black-footed ferrets associate with

565: 474:

of Asia are slight, to the point where the two species were once thought to be

471: 410: 281: 3074:"A black-footed ferret has been cloned, a first for a U.S. endangered species" 2636: 2400:

Williams, E.S.; D.R. Kwiatkowski; E.T. Thorne & A. Boerger-Fields (1994).

2107: 2090: 2056: 1127:

Ferret kit at the National Black-footed Ferret Conservation Center in Colorado

504: 9569: 9456: 9272: 9140: 9036: 9009: 8635: 8333: 8278: 7800: 7744: 7485: 7126: 6581: 6143: 5308: 5275: 5077: 5068: 5005: 4905: 4863: 4715: 4308: 3621: 3596: 3531: 3366: 3358: 2552:"An invisible enemy: the battle to save black-footed ferrets from the plague" 1442: 1431: 1319: 1307: 1233:

have teamed up to clone a black-footed ferret. In 2020, a team of scientists

1160: 952: 921: 856: 796: 459: 451: 305: 70: 5765: 5577: 3019: 2666: 2535: 2510: 1764: 1213: 9435: 9167: 9113: 8814: 8582: 8528: 8305: 8204: 7759: 7735: 7554: 7545: 7365: 7332: 7255: 7216: 6626: 6608: 6470: 6342: 5801: 5202: 5165: 5050: 5032: 4445: 4391: 4317: 3995: 3739: 3556: 3541: 3423: 2975: 2743: 1315: 1117: 972: 885: 792: 732: 543: 428: 371: 218: 3281:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce Carlyle; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003).

3027: 2430: 2318: 1190:

found with small populations or ones that spend a long time in captivity.

405: 9495: 9404: 9281: 8781: 7972: 7889: 7862: 7611: 7525: 7457: 7383: 7374: 7341: 7299: 7264: 6981: 6874: 6706: 6246: 6158: 6066: 5711: 5284: 5104: 4769: 4683: 4666: 4643: 4606: 4490: 4454: 4299: 4088: 3943: 3822: 1241:

In the year 2020, black-footed ferrets were used to test an experimental

1174: 1107: 1102: 936: 692: 677: 657: 598: 591: 475: 379: 367: 325: 285: 9360: 9324: 1708: 9396: 8990: 8236: 8167: 8154: 8121: 7907: 7645: 7405: 6953: 6930: 6816: 6807: 6756: 6721: 6697: 6461: 6360: 6309: 6255: 6237: 6210: 6117: 6067: 5466: 5439: 5367: 5350: 5113: 5086: 4932: 4836: 4820: 4656: 4536: 4376: 4212: 4079: 3871: 3839: 3823: 2363: 2262: 1952: 1888: 1670: 740: 649: 602: 266: 164: 2932: 2598: 2327: 2300: 1507: 1054: 9409: 8921: 8856: 8469: 8409: 8195: 8016: 7631: 7623: 7572: 7422: 7308: 7290: 7004: 6838: 6671: 6513: 6479: 6291: 5983: 5257: 4727: 4203: 3771: 3685: 3380: 2376: 1341: 1028: 1000: 940: 872: 752: 636: 570: 516: 455: 443:

where the width of the cranium is much less than that of the muzzle.

359: 329: 154: 114: 41: 9243: 3283:

Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation

2355: 2254: 1943: 1926: 1662: 601:. The remaining 10% of their diet is composed of small rodents, and 9266: 8618: 8081: 7898: 7874: 7235: 7085: 7031: 6967: 6962: 6915: 6847: 6765: 6635: 6384: 6375: 6273: 6228: 6108: 5941: 5678: 5587: 5556: 5516: 5403: 5335: 5243: 5234: 4554: 4350: 4103: 3986: 3953: 3802: 3790: 3644: 2839:"Call It a Comeback: Ferret Population Shows Big Growth in Wyoming" 2769: 1195: 948: 875:, and human influenza. They can directly contract sylvatic plague ( 808: 612: 421: 347: 134: 3456:

Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: Mustela nigripes

3135:"Endangered ferrets get experimental COVID-19 vaccine in Colorado" 1763:. Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team. Archived from 660:

were captured in snap-trap surveys. Potential prey items included

574:

August to October. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of one year.

390: 9000: 8847: 8721: 8436: 7948: 7278: 6744: 6300: 6264: 6131: 6099: 6083: 5596: 5299: 4878: 4359: 4266: 4184: 4112: 4054: 4031: 3924: 3612: 3507: 1234: 864: 800: 772: 760: 756: 744: 728: 417: 309: 3347:

Clark, Tim W. (June 1983). "Last of the Black-footed Ferrets?".

9373: 9309: 9104: 9051: 8796: 8484: 8218: 6938: 6599: 6434: 6191: 5628: 4400: 4326: 4275: 4257: 4230: 4151: 4013: 3796: 3784: 3491: 2169:"Restoring balance between the endangered black-footed ferret ( 901: 893: 564:, the male grasps the female by the nape of the neck, with the 556: 520: 447: 375: 174: 144: 124: 2023: 1644: 1225:

Employees of the San Diego Zoo, the conservation organization

9547: 9086: 8945: 8888: 8761: 8564: 8421: 8048: 8030: 7653: 7323: 6572: 6557: 5218: 4509: 4004: 3591: 3273:

Fur-bearing Animals: A Monograph of North American Mustelidae

3241: 2996: 2236: 1295: 944: 736: 432: 87: 81: 3220:"Did the U.S. Government Make the Greatest GIF of All Time?" 8460: 7356: 6681: 6617: 4290: 4022: 3880: 2909: 2575: 2173:) and human use of the Great Plains and Intermountain West" 1881:

10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0422:FDACOB>2.0.CO;2

1693:"Some guidelines for management of the black-footed ferret" 1169: 812: 597:

Up to 90% of the black-footed ferret's diet is composed of

273: 3460: 2945: 999:

For a time, the black-footed ferret was harvested for the

6590: 6199: 4527: 2284:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (1988). Species account:

1278:

any relevant information into other sections or articles.

1151:, 130 ferrets northeast of Eagle Butte, South Dakota, on 466:

which are more apparent in polecats. It differs from the

3439:

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

3381:

Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team website

3280: 2508: 2012:

Historical and present status of the black-footed ferret

519:

and primarily hunts for sleeping prairie dogs in their

3105:"Endangered ferrets get experimental COVID-19 vaccine" 3102: 1194:

measure was inadequate, the forest service advised by

2341: 332:. The black-footed ferret's most likely ancestor was 7421: 4817: 3641: 1589:

Houston, B. R.; Clark, Tim W.; Minta, S. C. (1986).

346:

between 500,000 and 2,000,000 years ago, perhaps in

299:

in 1981. A captive-breeding program launched by the

1303:In 2023, the black-footed ferret was featured on a 924:, and other animals may harm black-footed ferrets. 1049: 462:which is too small and weak to develop the little 2379:"Black-footed Ferret. Frequently Asked Questions" 1588: 719:Head of a black-footed ferret by Carol Snow, 1972 703:. Water is obtained through consumption of prey. 272:The Black-footed ferret is roughly the size of a 9567: 5217: 3452:Black-footed Ferret National Conservation Center 3430:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile 3407:Black-Footed Ferret Recovery – At the Crossroads 3191:"DATA FERRETT For the Current Population Survey" 308:in 2008. In February 2021, the first successful 3353:. Vol. 163, no. 6. pp. 828–838. 2010:Biggins, Dean E. and Max H. Schroeder. (1988). 1324:. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the 805:Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge 538: 3258: 3165:"Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species" 2810:"Once rare black-footed ferrets make comeback" 2454: 1965: 1457:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en 1208:Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance 6081: 3922: 3755: 3476: 2180:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 1229:, the ViaGen Pets and Equine Company and the 3769: 2689:"Toronto Zoo > Conservation > Mammals" 1924: 3435:COSEWIC Status report – Black-footed ferret 3259:Audubon, John James; Bachman, John (1851). 3200:. United States Census Bureau. October 2010 2659:"Black-footed Ferret Recovery – A Timeline" 2614: 2377:Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada. 710: 374:, Alberta. Fossils have also been found in 3942: 3762: 3748: 3483: 3469: 3054:Rosebud tribe tells feds to remove ferrets 2740:"Black-footed ferret back on prairie turf" 2006: 2004: 1925:Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (1980). 884:Predators of black-footed ferrets include 59: 40: 8165: 4654: 3837: 3330: 2534: 2420: 2326: 2106: 1942: 1815: 1813: 1788:"Rare U.S. ferret marks 30-year comeback" 1455: 312:of a black-footed ferret, a female named 6511: 3322:Synopsis of the weasels of North America 2836: 2610: 2608: 1862: 1785: 1517:Global Biodiversity Information Facility 1294: 1212: 1122: 1053: 811:; Coyote Basin, straddling Colorado and 727:spp.). Its range extended from southern 714: 630: 585: 542: 503: 404: 400:Synopsis of the weasels of North America 389: 5585: 4348: 3869: 3318: 3103:Pappas-Live, Stephanie (January 2021). 2801: 2766:"Black-footed ferrets breeding in Sask" 2710:"Species at Risk – Black-footed Ferret" 2466: 2450: 2448: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2131:National Parks Conservation Association 2001: 1995: 1976: 1974: 1487:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 1410:United States Department of Agriculture 499: 494: 301:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 14: 9568: 8678: 6914: 3299: 3265:. Vol. 2. New York, V.G. Audubon. 2832: 2830: 2549: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1858: 1856: 1847: 1810: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1584: 1536: 1534: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 977:Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America 9248: 9247: 8152: 7609: 6913: 6065: 5200: 4641: 3821: 3743: 3464: 3346: 3269: 2605: 2504: 2502: 2241:) at Meeteetse, Wyoming, 1981–1985". 2166: 2088: 1991: 1989: 1980: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1555: 1350:, is about the Black-footed Ferret. 1248: 3302:Pleistocene mammals of North America 3145:from the original on January 5, 2022 3115:from the original on January 3, 2021 2550:Fritts, Rachel (September 7, 2020). 2467:Delgado, Anton L. (August 4, 2021). 2445: 1971: 1959: 1843: 1841: 1252: 1023:(20,000 ha) of prairie dogs on 276:and is similar in appearance to the 5132:South African small-spotted genet ( 3080:. February 18, 2021. Archived from 2837:Fountain, Henry (August 14, 2007). 2827: 2807: 2792:"South Dakota a ferret focal point" 2335: 2269: 2205: 2149: 2071: 1903: 1853: 1549: 1531: 1443:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1418: 24: 3413:Q&A about their reintroduction 3340: 2790:Harlan, Bill (September 24, 2006). 2499: 1986: 1715: 1677: 1605: 1561: 1326:National Grasslands Visitor Center 787:, Wind Cave National Park and the 366:, and it is further recorded from 25: 9637: 5476:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3374: 2402:"Plague in a black-footed ferret" 1838: 1340:The song "Yon Ferrets Return" by 1269:list of miscellaneous information 1153:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation 508:Black-footed ferret performing a 269:native to central North America. 9616:Taxa named by John James Audubon 9576:IUCN Red List endangered species 5201: 3724: 3723: 3714: 3713: 3402:Arizona Game and Fish Department 1397: This article incorporates 1392: 1360: 1314:set, based on a photograph from 1257: 789:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation 765:UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge 316:, was introduced to the public. 101: 7610: 4642: 3392:Black-footed Ferrets in Arizona 3262:The quadrupeds of North America 3252: 3234: 3212: 3183: 3157: 3127: 3096: 3066: 3063:. Aberdeen News, March 14, 2008 3047: 3034: 2990: 2939: 2903: 2883: 2858: 2784: 2758: 2732: 2702: 2681: 2651: 2569: 2543: 2492:Livieri T.M. (April 28, 2013). 2486: 2460: 2393: 2370: 2294: 2115: 2017: 1779: 1749: 1651:The American Midland Naturalist 1058:Ferret in the wild, July 2008, 1050:Reintroduction and conservation 769:Fort Belknap Indian Reservation 662:thirteen-lined ground squirrels 639:relationship between the two. ( 8153: 3696:Cultural depictions of weasels 3383:, from a team led by the USFWS 3319:Merriam, Clinton Hart (1896). 2808:Fox, Maggie (August 9, 2007). 2344:Journal of Wildlife Management 1697:Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 1595:Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 1512:(Audubon & Bachman, 1851)" 1500: 1471: 1231:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1200:Fort Pierre National Grassland 1155:, and about 40 ferrets on the 1145:Buffalo Gap National Grassland 1079:, and canine distemper virus, 1010:Endangered Species Act of 1973 785:Buffalo Gap National Grassland 385: 13: 1: 4888:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3332:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3tt4h07f 3304:. Columbia University Press. 3276:. Government Printing Office. 3040:CNN Broken government series 2716:. May 8, 2006. Archived from 2617:Biodiversity and Conservation 1353: 356:Richardson's ground squirrels 9601:Fauna of the Rocky Mountains 9586:Mammals of the United States 9150:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8806:North American river otter ( 7694:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4748:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3169:United States Postal Service 2968:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90197-V 2409:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2186:(4): 168–173. Archived from 1483:(Audubon and Bachman, 1851)" 1305:United States Postal Service 838: 590:Black-footed ferret chasing 539:Reproduction and development 319: 7: 6011:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3490: 2307:Canadian Journal of Zoology 1543:Mammals of the Soviet Union 409:Black-footed ferret at the 10: 9642: 9621:Taxa named by John Bachman 8964:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7703:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7685:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 5993:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5688:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4737:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3729:Category:Fictional weasels 3547:Indonesian mountain weasel 3448:February 15, 2013, at the 3059:December 14, 2013, at the 2866:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0" 2515:Journal of Applied Ecology 2455:Audubon & Bachman 1851 2422:10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.581 1966:Audubon & Bachman 1851 1649:) at Meeteetse, Wyoming". 1157:Rosebud Indian Reservation 994: 989:Audubon and Bachman (1851) 957:Lewis and Clark Expedition 927: 9606:Mammals described in 1851 9256: 9049: 8998: 8989: 8943: 8919: 8886: 8869: 8845: 8794: 8777: 8760: 8731:Saharan striped polecat ( 8719: 8702: 8661: 8616: 8599: 8590: 8581: 8482: 8458: 8434: 8417: 8408: 8331: 8276: 8234: 8217: 8193: 8176: 8161: 8148: 8120: 8079: 8046: 8029: 7970: 7920: 7887: 7870: 7861: 7798: 7757: 7724: 7712:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7665: 7644: 7622: 7618: 7605: 7541: 7524: 7483: 7455: 7443:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7438: 7404: 7354: 7321: 7286: 7277: 7251: 7234: 7215: 7172:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7136:South American fur seal ( 7124: 7107: 7083: 7071:South American sea lion ( 7066: 7029: 7012: 7003: 6979: 6951: 6929: 6925: 6909: 6873: 6846: 6837: 6778: 6752: 6743: 6719: 6695: 6680: 6669: 6570: 6544: 6496: 6453:South American gray fox ( 6423: 6397: 6373: 6356: 6341: 6326: 6189: 6156: 6139: 6130: 6097: 6077: 6061: 6029:Common slender mongoose ( 5981: 5939: 5895: 5799: 5773: 5764: 5709: 5676: 5659: 5626: 5609: 5576: 5555: 5514: 5502:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5497: 5464: 5447: 5438: 5401: 5375: 5366: 5349: 5333: 5297: 5271: 5256: 5232: 5213: 5209: 5196: 5164: 5160: 5024:Crested servaline genet ( 4979: 4940: 4931: 4876: 4850: 4835: 4813: 4767: 4723: 4714: 4665: 4650: 4637: 4605: 4507: 4443: 4426: 4417: 4389: 4372: 4339: 4288: 4201: 4164: 4147: 4138: 4101: 4077: 4068: 4052: 3984: 3951: 3938: 3918: 3865: 3848: 3833: 3817: 3779: 3709: 3678: 3657: 3610: 3505: 3498: 3397:January 21, 2013, at the 3387:Black-footed Ferret Video 3242:"Welcome home, Blackfeet" 2108:10.1017/S0030605300013727 2091:"The black-footed ferret" 2057:10.1017/S1367943005002283 1204:Oglala National Grassland 1137:Eagle Butte, South Dakota 1097:(about 300) populations. 654:northern grasshopper mice 626:black-tailed prairie dogs 607:white-tailed prairie dogs 394:Skull, as illustrated in 370:deposits in Nebraska and 239:Audubon and Bachman, 1851 233: 226: 203: 196: 98:Scientific classification 96: 79: 57: 48: 39: 34: 9087:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 8955:African clawless otter ( 8707:African striped weasel ( 8520:Yellow-throated marten ( 8396:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8100:Western mountain coati ( 8091:Eastern mountain coati ( 8008:Western lowland olingo ( 7990:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7818:Southern spotted skunk ( 7512:Southern elephant seal ( 7503:Northern elephant seal ( 7293:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6070:("dog-like" carnivorans) 5883:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5504:Mungotictis decemlineata 4379:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3826:("cat-like" carnivorans) 2870:explorer.natureserve.org 1387: 1266:This article contains a 1141:Rapid City, South Dakota 1114:Grasslands National Park 821:Grasslands National Park 711:Distribution and habitat 701:white-tailed jackrabbits 547:Black-footed ferret kits 9132:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8387:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8369:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8360:Bornean ferret badger ( 8351:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7836:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7827:Western spotted skunk ( 7557:Leptonychotes weddellii 7199:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7145:Australasian fur seal ( 5969:Black-footed mongoose ( 5951:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 5900:White-tailed mongoose ( 5838:Indian brown mongoose ( 5820:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5811:Small Indian mongoose ( 5748:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5721:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5697:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5664:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5526:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5485:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4739:Arctogalidia trivirgata 3963:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3270:Coues, Elliott (1877). 3020:10.1126/science.2983425 2637:10.1023/A:1008813532763 2536:10.1111/1365-2664.12223 1177:considered the species 581: 458:, with a hemispherical 9611:ESA endangered species 8973:Congo clawless otter ( 8876:Hydrictis maculicollis 8874:Spotted-necked otter ( 8833:Southern river otter ( 8784:Pteronura brasiliensis 8547:European pine marten ( 8058:South American coati ( 7786:Palawan stink badger ( 7112:New Zealand sea lion ( 6177:Japanese raccoon dog ( 5874:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5829:Indian grey mongoose ( 5452:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5263:(bone-crushing hyenas) 4958:Central African oyan ( 4519:Chinese mountain cat ( 3426:, a USFWS 2002 article 3409:, a USFWS 1995 article 3300:Kurtén, Björn (1980). 2167:Clark, Tim W. (1987). 2123:"Black-Footed Ferret ( 2089:Clark, Tim W. (1976). 1691:Clark, Tim W. (1986). 1399:public domain material 1344:, from her 2013 album 1300: 1218: 1149:Badlands National Park 1133:Endangered Species Act 1128: 1063: 1025:Pine Ridge Reservation 1018:, a disease caused by 992: 935:tribes, including the 853:canine distemper virus 720: 644: 594: 548: 512: 413: 402: 9535:Paleobiology Database 9213:Back-striped weasel ( 9159:Black-footed ferret ( 8931:Smooth-coated otter ( 8709:Poecilogale albinucha 8378:Javan ferret-badger ( 8264:Sumatran hog badger ( 8246:Northern hog badger ( 7940:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7845:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7566:Lobodon carcinophagus 7302:Histriophoca fasciata 7095:Australian sea lion ( 7041:California sea lion ( 6790:American black bear ( 6532:Black-backed jackal ( 6523:Side-striped jackal ( 6363:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5787:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5060:Rusty-spotted genet ( 4897:Large-spotted civet ( 4746:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4675:Owston's palm civet ( 4249:Andean mountain cat ( 3670:Polecat–ferret hybrid 3602:Yellow-bellied weasel 3418:May 10, 2007, at the 3141:. December 29, 2020. 2890:"Black footed Ferret" 2663:blackfootedferret.org 2319:10.1139/cjz-2015-0135 1792:Mother Nature Network 1786:McLendon, R. (2011). 1761:Blackfootedferret.org 1450:: e.T14020A45200314. 1298: 1216: 1126: 1057: 1040:Inbreeding depression 981: 959:, nor was it seen by 718: 666:plains pocket gophers 634: 589: 546: 507: 408: 393: 364:Clay County, Nebraska 257:), also known as the 9028:Long-tailed weasel ( 8606:Lyncodon patagonicus 8255:Greater hog badger ( 7777:Sunda stink badger ( 7467:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7190:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7163:Antarctic fur seal ( 7154:Galápagos fur seal ( 7050:Galápagos sea lion ( 6168:Common raccoon dog ( 6020:Cape gray mongoose ( 5960:Jackson's mongoose ( 5920:Paracynictis selousi 5911:Cynictis penicillata 5535:Durrell's vontsira ( 5123:Giant forest genet ( 4915:Large Indian civet ( 4855:Small Indian civet ( 4464:Sunda leopard cat ( 4240:Southern tiger cat ( 4176:African golden cat ( 3853:African palm civet ( 3701:Weasel and Aphrodite 3222:. September 26, 2013 3084:on February 18, 2021 2669:on February 19, 2021 2473:The Arizona Republic 2389:on February 8, 2013. 2286:Black-footed ferret— 2243:Journal of Mammalogy 1869:Journal of Mammalogy 1767:on February 19, 2021 1227:Revive & Restore 1179:Critically Imperiled 1082:Canine morbillivirus 1005:American Fur Company 914:prairie rattlesnakes 831:, prairie threeawn, 697:mountain cottontails 670:mountain cottontails 500:Territorial behavior 495:Behavior and ecology 433:short-tailed weasels 35:Black-footed ferret 27:Species of carnivore 9071:M. aistoodonnivalis 8907:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8824:Neotropical otter ( 8604:Patagonian weasel ( 8067:White-nosed coati ( 7267:Cystophora cristata 7258:Erignathus barbatus 6991:Northern fur seal ( 6768:Helarctos malayanus 6404:Atelocynus microtis 6111:U. cinereoargenteus 6002:Egyptian mongoose ( 5929:Rhynchogale melleri 5927:Meller's mongoose ( 5918:Selous's mongoose ( 5902:Ichneumia albicauda 5856:Collared mongoose ( 5730:Angolan kusimanse ( 5614:Liberian mongoose ( 4967:West African oyan ( 4866:Civettictis civetta 4797:Golden palm civet ( 4755:Masked palm civet ( 4730:Arctictis binturong 4704:Hemigalus derbyanus 4702:Banded palm civet ( 4693:Hose's palm civet ( 4482:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3665:Polecat–mink hybrid 3527:Black-footed ferret 3522:Back-striped weasel 3422:into south-central 3350:National Geographic 3078:National Geographic 3044:. February 21, 2008 3012:1985Sci...227.1428O 3006:(4693): 1428–1434. 2960:1993CBio....3..340R 2925:2019AnCon..22..331S 2913:Animal Conservation 2629:1999BiCon...8..965W 2591:2019AnCon..22..331S 2579:Animal Conservation 2527:2014JApEc..51..735S 2137:on January 10, 2010 2049:2005AnCon...8..321W 2037:Animal Conservation 1378:Black-footed ferret 682:western meadowlarks 641:Museum of Osteology 249:Black-footed ferret 51:Conservation status 18:Black-footed Ferret 9186:European polecat ( 9019:Colombian weasel ( 8669:(African polecats) 8297:Caucasian badger ( 8225:(Eurasian badgers) 7675:(hog-nosed skunks) 7412:("southern seals") 7311:Halichoerus grypus 7242:("northern seals") 7114:Phocarctos hookeri 7019:Eumetopias jubatus 7017:Steller sea lion ( 6799:Asian black bear ( 6549:African wild dog ( 6503:(wolf-like canids) 5780:Atilax paludinosus 5739:Common kusimanse ( 5666:Dologale dybowskii 5638:Gambian mongoose ( 5422:Western falanouc ( 5413:Eastern falanouc ( 5382:Cryptoprocta ferox 5287:Parahyaena brunnea 5042:Johnston's genet ( 4997:Abyssinian genet ( 4949:(African linsangs) 4857:Viverricula indica 4788:Brown palm civet ( 4779:Asian palm civet ( 4686:Cynogale bennettii 4677:Chrotogale owstoni 4573:European wildcat ( 4564:Black-footed cat ( 4154:Leptailurus serval 4122:Asian golden cat ( 3888:(Asiatic linsangs) 3632:Long-tailed weasel 2894:Defenders magazine 2844:The New York Times 2796:Rapid City Journal 2714:Environment Canada 2457:, pp. 298–299 1983:, pp. 147–148 1850:, pp. 152–153 1334:U.S. Census Bureau 1330:Wall, South Dakota 1312:Endangered Species 1301: 1249:In popular culture 1219: 1202:, and also to the 1129: 1064: 1044:Meeteetse, Wyoming 969:John James Audubon 807:and Wolf Creek in 721: 645: 595: 549: 513: 414: 403: 340:Middle Pleistocene 297:Meeteetse, Wyoming 265:, is a species of 263:prairie dog hunter 9591:Mammals of Canada 9563: 9562: 9522:Open Tree of Life 9250:Taxon identifiers 9241: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9204:Siberian weasel ( 9195:American ermine ( 9123:Japanese weasel ( 9078:Mountain weasel ( 9062: 8985: 8984: 8771: 8756: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8740:Striped polecat ( 8690:Marbled polecat ( 8672: 8657: 8656: 8629: 8577: 8576: 8556:Japanese marten ( 8502:American marten ( 8495: 8353:M. cucphuongensis 8344: 8327: 8326: 8315:European badger ( 8288:Japanese badger ( 8228: 8181:American badger ( 8144: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8116: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8040: 7999:Northern olingo ( 7983: 7958:Cozumel raccoon ( 7933: 7857: 7856: 7811: 7770: 7678: 7659: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7575:Ommatophoca rossi 7548:Hydrurga leptonyx 7535: 7532:(Antarctic seals) 7505:M. angustirostris 7496: 7479: 7478: 7445:Monachus monachus 7432: 7415: 7400: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7245: 7228: 7211: 7210: 7073:Otaria flavescens 7062: 7061: 6973: 6941:Odobenus rosmarus 6905: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6856: 6833: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6731:Spectacled bear ( 6689: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6505: 6492: 6491: 6411:Crab-eating fox ( 6402:Short-eared dog ( 6350: 6335: 6322: 6321: 6204: 6146:Otocyon megalotis 6090: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 5909:Yellow mongoose ( 5760: 5759: 5647:Banded mongoose ( 5616:Liberiictus kuhni 5570: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5434: 5433: 5360: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5265: 5226: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5096:Servaline genet ( 5015:Bourlon's genet ( 4990: 4951: 4927: 4926: 4809: 4808: 4781:P. hermaphroditus 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4546:African wildcat ( 4503: 4502: 4473:Flat-headed cat ( 4413: 4412: 4197: 4196: 4134: 4133: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4043: 3972:Clouded leopard ( 3931: 3906:Spotted linsang ( 3890: 3855:Nandinia binotata 3737: 3736: 3653: 3652: 3572:Patagonian weasel 2933:10.1111/acv.12466 2746:. October 2, 2009 2720:on March 31, 2017 2599:10.1111/acv.12466 1935:Mammalian Species 1293: 1292: 910:ferruginous hawks 890:great horned owls 674:upland sandpipers 245: 244: 240: 236:Putorius nigripes 91: 74: 16:(Redirected from 9633: 9556: 9555: 9543: 9542: 9530: 9529: 9517: 9516: 9504: 9503: 9491: 9490: 9478: 9477: 9465: 9464: 9452: 9451: 9439: 9438: 9426: 9425: 9413: 9412: 9400: 9399: 9387: 9386: 9377: 9376: 9364: 9363: 9354: 9353: 9341: 9340: 9328: 9327: 9318: 9317: 9315:mustela-nigripes 9305: 9304: 9302:Mustela_nigripes 9292: 9291: 9290: 9288:Mustela nigripes 9277: 9276: 9275: 9258:Mustela nigripes 9245: 9244: 9177:Malayan weasel ( 9096:Steppe polecat ( 9069:Sichuan weasel ( 9061: 9060: 9056: 8996: 8995: 8933:L. perspicillata 8898:Eurasian otter ( 8775: 8774: 8770: 8769: 8765: 8676: 8675: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8645:Greater grison ( 8628: 8627: 8623: 8597: 8596: 8588: 8587: 8538:Nilgiri marten ( 8511:Pacific marten ( 8494: 8493: 8489: 8415: 8414: 8398:M. subaurantiaca 8343: 8342: 8341:(ferret-badgers) 8338: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8174: 8173: 8163: 8162: 8150: 8149: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8034: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7868: 7867: 7810: 7809: 7808:(spotted skunks) 7805: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7649: 7620: 7619: 7607: 7606: 7564:Crabeater seal ( 7539: 7538: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7495: 7494: 7493:(elephant seals) 7490: 7469:N. schauinslandi 7436: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7284: 7283: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7220: 7181:Brown fur seal ( 7156:A. galapagoensis 7043:Z. californianus 7010: 7009: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6957: 6927: 6926: 6919: 6911: 6910: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6759:Melursus ursinus 6750: 6749: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6678: 6677: 6645:Ethiopian wolf ( 6509: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6220:Blanford's fox ( 6203: 6196: 6137: 6136: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6086: 6079: 6078: 6071: 6063: 6062: 5865:Ruddy mongoose ( 5847:Javan mongoose ( 5778:Marsh mongoose ( 5771: 5770: 5750:C. platycephalus 5583: 5582: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5445: 5444: 5389:Malagasy civet ( 5373: 5372: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5198: 5197: 5162: 5161: 4989: 4986: 4950: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4815: 4814: 4721: 4720: 4663: 4662: 4652: 4651: 4639: 4638: 4433:Otocolobus manul 4424: 4423: 4346: 4345: 4222:Geoffroy's cat ( 4145: 4144: 4075: 4074: 4066: 4065: 4061: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3927: 3920: 3919: 3897:Banded linsang ( 3889: 3886: 3878: 3877: 3867: 3866: 3846: 3845: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3719:Category:Weasels 3717: 3716: 3643: 3627:Colombian weasel 3537:European polecat 3503: 3502: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3370: 3336: 3334: 3315: 3296: 3277: 3266: 3246: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3195: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3171:. April 19, 2023 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3070: 3064: 3051: 3045: 3042:"Scorched Earth" 3038: 3032: 3031: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2907: 2901: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2772:. August 4, 2010 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2665:. Archived from 2655: 2649: 2648: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2506: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2424: 2406: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2385:. Archived from 2374: 2368: 2367: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2303:Mustela nigripes 2298: 2292: 2288:Mustela nigripes 2282: 2267: 2266: 2239:Mustela nigripes 2234: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2192: 2177: 2171:Mustela nigripes 2164: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2133:. Archived from 2125:Mustela nigripes 2119: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2086: 2069: 2068: 2034: 2028:Mustela nigripes 2021: 2015: 2008: 1999: 1993: 1984: 1978: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1946: 1929:Mustela nigripes 1922: 1901: 1900: 1865:Mustela nigripes 1860: 1851: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1817: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1794:. Archived from 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1713: 1712: 1688: 1675: 1674: 1647:Mustela nigripes 1642: 1603: 1602: 1586: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1510:Mustela nigripes 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1481:Mustela nigripes 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1436:Mustela nigripes 1429: 1413: 1405:Mustela nigripes 1396: 1395: 1364: 1363: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1261: 1260: 1253: 1243:COVID-19 vaccine 1093:(about 320) and 990: 898:American badgers 869:American badgers 855:, introduced by 616:spp.) and mice ( 510:weasel war dance 468:European polecat 378:dating from the 352:ground squirrels 344:M. stromeri 335:Mustela stromeri 278:European polecat 259:American polecat 254:Mustela nigripes 238: 209: 207:Mustela nigripes 189:M. nigripes 106: 105: 85: 68: 63: 62: 44: 32: 31: 21: 9641: 9640: 9636: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9551: 9546: 9538: 9533: 9525: 9520: 9512: 9507: 9499: 9494: 9486: 9481: 9473: 9468: 9460: 9455: 9447: 9442: 9434: 9429: 9421: 9416: 9408: 9403: 9395: 9390: 9382: 9380: 9372: 9367: 9359: 9357: 9349: 9344: 9336: 9331: 9323: 9321: 9313: 9308: 9300: 9295: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9252: 9242: 9221: 9197:M. richardsonii 9141:European mink ( 9058: 9057: 9055: 9045: 9037:American mink ( 9010:Amazon weasel ( 8981: 8939: 8915: 8882: 8865: 8841: 8790: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8748: 8715: 8698: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8653: 8636:Lesser grison ( 8625: 8624: 8622: 8612: 8573: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8478: 8454: 8430: 8404: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8323: 8272: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8213: 8189: 8170: 8157: 8136: 8108: 8075: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8025: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7966: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7916: 7883: 7853: 7820:S. angustifrons 7807: 7806: 7804: 7794: 7767:(stink badgers) 7766: 7765: 7763: 7753: 7745:Striped skunk ( 7720: 7714:C. semistriatus 7674: 7673: 7671: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7640: 7634:Ailurus fulgens 7614: 7581: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7520: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7475: 7451: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7392: 7350: 7317: 7273: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7207: 7120: 7103: 7079: 7058: 7025: 6999: 6966: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6921: 6917: 6889: 6869: 6852: 6851: 6825: 6774: 6739: 6715: 6686: 6684: 6674: 6653: 6582:Golden jackal ( 6566: 6540: 6502: 6500: 6488: 6419: 6413:Cerdocyon thous 6393: 6369: 6347: 6345: 6332: 6330: 6318: 6283:Rüppell's fox ( 6197: 6195: 6185: 6170:N. procyonoides 6152: 6144:Bat-eared fox ( 6126: 6091: 6087: 6073: 6069: 6037: 6022:H. pulverulenta 5977: 5935: 5891: 5858:U. semitorquata 5813:U. auropunctata 5795: 5756: 5705: 5672: 5655: 5622: 5605: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5543: 5510: 5493: 5460: 5454:Galidia elegans 5430: 5397: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5343: 5338: 5317: 5309:Spotted hyena ( 5293: 5276:Striped hyena ( 5262: 5260: 5252: 5223: 5221: 5205: 5180: 5140: 5078:Aquatic genet ( 5069:Pardine genet ( 5006:Angolan genet ( 4987: 4985: 4975: 4960:P. richardsonii 4948: 4946: 4923: 4906:Malayan civet ( 4872: 4864:African civet ( 4840: 4839: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4805: 4763: 4710: 4695:Diplogale hosei 4659: 4646: 4621: 4581: 4499: 4439: 4419: 4409: 4385: 4368: 4341: 4335: 4309:Eurasian lynx ( 4284: 4193: 4160: 4140: 4130: 4097: 4070: 4062: 4057: 4040: 3980: 3932: 3928: 3914: 3887: 3874: 3861: 3842: 3829: 3825: 3813: 3775: 3768: 3738: 3733: 3705: 3674: 3649: 3637:Tropical weasel 3606: 3577:Siberian weasel 3567:Mountain weasel 3552:Japanese weasel 3517:American ermine 3494: 3489: 3450:Wayback Machine 3420:Wayback Machine 3399:Wayback Machine 3377: 3343: 3341:Further reading 3312: 3293: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3198:www2.census.gov 3193: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3109:livescience.com 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3061:Wayback Machine 3052: 3048: 3039: 3035: 2995: 2991: 2948:Current Biology 2944: 2940: 2908: 2904: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2835: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2806: 2802: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2613: 2606: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2548: 2544: 2507: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2446: 2404: 2398: 2394: 2375: 2371: 2356:10.2307/3808053 2340: 2336: 2299: 2295: 2283: 2270: 2255:10.2307/1381377 2235: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2193:on June 6, 2013 2190: 2175: 2165: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2087: 2072: 2032: 2022: 2018: 2009: 2002: 1994: 1987: 1979: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1944:10.2307/3503892 1923: 1904: 1861: 1854: 1846: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1784: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1716: 1689: 1678: 1663:10.2307/2425964 1643: 1606: 1587: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1539: 1532: 1522: 1520: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1430: 1419: 1402: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1310:as part of the 1289: 1283: 1280: 1273: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1076:Yersinia pestis 1052: 1020:Yersinia pestis 1016:Sylvatic plague 997: 991: 988: 933:Native American 930: 906:prairie falcons 878:Yersinia pestis 867:, coyotes, and 861:common raccoons 841: 713: 689:sagebrush voles 584: 541: 502: 497: 388: 322: 293:sylvatic plague 222: 211: 205: 192: 100: 92: 75: 64: 60: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9639: 9629: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9557: 9544: 9531: 9518: 9505: 9492: 9479: 9466: 9453: 9440: 9427: 9414: 9401: 9388: 9378: 9365: 9355: 9342: 9329: 9319: 9306: 9293: 9278: 9262: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9239: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9215:M. strigidorsa 9210: 9201: 9192: 9183: 9174: 9168:Least weasel ( 9165: 9156: 9147: 9138: 9129: 9120: 9114:Haida ermine ( 9111: 9102: 9098:M. eversmannii 9093: 9084: 9075: 9065: 9063: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9043: 9034: 9025: 9016: 9006: 9004: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8979: 8970: 8961: 8951: 8949: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8913: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8863: 8853: 8851: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8830: 8826:L. longicaudis 8821: 8815:Marine otter ( 8812: 8802: 8800: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8778: 8772: 8758: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8673: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8642: 8632: 8630: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8600: 8594: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8562: 8553: 8544: 8535: 8529:Beech marten ( 8526: 8517: 8508: 8498: 8496: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8442: 8440: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8418: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8393: 8384: 8375: 8366: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8312: 8306:Asian badger ( 8303: 8294: 8284: 8282: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8261: 8252: 8248:A. albogularis 8242: 8240: 8229: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8205:Honey badger ( 8201: 8199: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8177: 8171: 8166: 8159: 8158: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8126: 8124: 8118: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8064: 8054: 8052: 8041: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8014: 8005: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7955: 7946: 7942:P. cancrivorus 7936: 7934: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7910:B. sumichrasti 7905: 7895: 7893: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7871: 7865: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7842: 7833: 7824: 7814: 7812: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7742: 7736:Hooded skunk ( 7732: 7730: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7709: 7700: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7660: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7616: 7615: 7603: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7570: 7561: 7555:Weddell seal ( 7552: 7546:Leopard seal ( 7542: 7536: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7463: 7461: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7439: 7433: 7416: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7366:Caspian seal ( 7362: 7360: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7339: 7333:Spotted seal ( 7329: 7327: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7262: 7256:Bearded seal ( 7252: 7246: 7229: 7225:or true seals) 7223:(earless seals 7213: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7196: 7187: 7178: 7169: 7160: 7151: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7013: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6987: 6985: 6974: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6923: 6922: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6879: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6823: 6814: 6805: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6763: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6713: 6709:A. melanoleuca 6703: 6701: 6690: 6675: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6642: 6633: 6627:Eastern wolf ( 6624: 6615: 6609:African wolf ( 6606: 6597: 6591:Domestic dog ( 6588: 6578: 6576: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6555: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6506: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6477: 6471:Sechuran fox ( 6468: 6464:L. gymnocercus 6459: 6450: 6444:Darwin's fox ( 6441: 6431: 6429: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6408: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6357: 6351: 6336: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6235: 6226: 6217: 6213:V. bengalensis 6207: 6205: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6092: 6082: 6075: 6074: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6026: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5966: 5957: 5953:B. crassicauda 5947: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5924: 5915: 5906: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5880: 5871: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5835: 5826: 5817: 5807: 5805: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5784: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5745: 5736: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5670: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5580: 5571: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5487:G. grandidieri 5482: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5419: 5409: 5407: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5386: 5376: 5370: 5361: 5344: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5282: 5272: 5266: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5227: 5207: 5206: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5129: 5120: 5111: 5102: 5093: 5084: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5051:Letaba genet ( 5048: 5039: 5033:Common genet ( 5030: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4993: 4991: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4884: 4882: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4861: 4851: 4845: 4830: 4818: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4799:P. zeylonensis 4794: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4757:Paguma larvata 4752: 4743: 4734: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4660: 4655: 4648: 4647: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4528:Domestic cat ( 4525: 4515: 4513: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4488: 4484:P. rubiginosus 4479: 4470: 4461: 4457:P. bengalensis 4451: 4449: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4431:Pallas's cat ( 4427: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4407: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4324: 4318:Iberian lynx ( 4315: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4072: 4063: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3996:Snow leopard ( 3992: 3990: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3946: 3933: 3923: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3849: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3830: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3809:Laurasiatheria 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3721: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3587:Steppe polecat 3584: 3582:Sichuan weasel 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3562:Malayan weasel 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3441: 3432: 3427: 3410: 3404: 3389: 3384: 3376: 3375:External links 3373: 3372: 3371: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3316: 3310: 3297: 3291: 3278: 3267: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3233: 3211: 3182: 3156: 3126: 3095: 3065: 3046: 3033: 2989: 2954:(6): 340–350. 2938: 2919:(4): 331–340. 2902: 2882: 2857: 2826: 2800: 2783: 2757: 2731: 2701: 2680: 2650: 2623:(7): 965–976. 2604: 2585:(4): 331–340. 2568: 2542: 2521:(3): 735–745. 2498: 2485: 2459: 2444: 2392: 2369: 2334: 2293: 2268: 2249:(2): 261–273. 2204: 2148: 2114: 2101:(3): 275–280. 2070: 2043:(3): 321–328. 2016: 2000: 1985: 1970: 1958: 1902: 1852: 1837: 1809: 1798:on May 9, 2015 1778: 1748: 1714: 1676: 1657:(2): 225–239. 1604: 1560: 1548: 1530: 1499: 1470: 1416: 1415: 1389: 1386: 1366: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1291: 1290: 1265: 1263: 1256: 1250: 1247: 1062:, South Dakota 1051: 1048: 996: 993: 986: 929: 926: 857:striped skunks 840: 837: 833:sixweeks grass 819:, Mexico, and 749:Big Horn Basin 712: 709: 583: 580: 566:copulatory tie 540: 537: 501: 498: 496: 493: 472:steppe polecat 411:Louisville Zoo 387: 384: 321: 318: 282:steppe polecat 280:and the Asian 243: 242: 231: 230: 224: 223: 212: 201: 200: 194: 193: 186: 184: 180: 179: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 94: 93: 80: 77: 76: 58: 55: 54: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9638: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9554: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9375: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9352: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9320: 9316: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9298: 9294: 9289: 9283: 9279: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9246: 9218: 9216: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9152:M. lutreolina 9148: 9146: 9144: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9042: 9040: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9008: 9007: 9005: 9003: 9002: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8910: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8868: 8862: 8860: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8808:L. canadensis 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8787: 8785: 8782:Giant otter ( 8780: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8763: 8759: 8745: 8743: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8701: 8695: 8693: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8674: 8664: 8660: 8650: 8648: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8609: 8607: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8570: 8568: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8540:M. gwatkinsii 8536: 8534: 8532: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8475: 8473: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8462: 8457: 8451: 8449: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8427: 8425: 8420: 8419: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8399: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8380:M. orientalis 8376: 8374: 8372: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8336: 8335: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8230: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8208: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8186: 8184: 8183:Taxidea taxus 8179: 8178: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8151: 8147: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8105: 8103: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8093:N. meridensis 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8072: 8070: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8042: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8006: 8004: 8002: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7963: 7961: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7880: 7878: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7848: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7791: 7789: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7779:M. javanensis 7775: 7774: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7750: 7748: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7717: 7715: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7705:C. leuconotus 7701: 7699: 7697: 7696:C. humboldtii 7692: 7690: 7688: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7661: 7655: 7647: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7608: 7604: 7578: 7576: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7544: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7515: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7407: 7403: 7389: 7387: 7384:Baikal seal ( 7382: 7380: 7378: 7375:Ringed seal ( 7373: 7371: 7369: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7347: 7345: 7342:Harbor seal ( 7340: 7338: 7336: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7312: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7300:Ribbon seal ( 7298: 7296: 7294: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7270: 7268: 7265:Hooded seal ( 7263: 7261: 7259: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7202: 7201:A. tropicalis 7197: 7195: 7193: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7127:Arctocephalus 7123: 7117: 7115: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7076: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7052:Z. wollebaeki 7048: 7046: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7022: 7020: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6994: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6975: 6969: 6964: 6960:(eared seals: 6955: 6950: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6801:U. thibetanus 6797: 6795: 6793: 6792:U. americanus 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6736: 6734: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6710: 6707:Giant panda ( 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6691: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6668: 6650: 6648: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6593:C. familiaris 6589: 6587: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6563: 6561: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6551:Lycaon pictus 6547: 6546: 6543: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6247:Tibetan fox ( 6245: 6243: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6201: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6182: 6180: 6179:N. viverrinus 6175: 6173: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6120:U. littoralis 6116: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6093: 6085: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6064: 6060: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5995:H. flavescens 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5972: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5885:U. vitticolla 5881: 5879: 5877: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5789:Xenogale naso 5785: 5783: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5669: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5563: 5562:sensu stricto 5558: 5554: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5457: 5455: 5450: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5391:Fossa fossana 5387: 5385: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5285:Brown hyena ( 5283: 5281: 5279: 5278:Hyaena hyaena 5274: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5137: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5105:Hausa genet ( 5103: 5101: 5099: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5008:G. angolensis 5004: 5002: 5000: 4999:G. abyssinica 4995: 4994: 4992: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4908:V. tangalunga 4904: 4902: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4842:sensu stricto 4838: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Paradoxurinae 4713: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4684:Otter civet ( 4682: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4578: 4576: 4575:F. silvestris 4571: 4569: 4567: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4493:P. viverrinus 4491:Fishing cat ( 4489: 4487: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4466:P. javanensis 4462: 4460: 4458: 4455:Leopard cat ( 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4302:L. canadensis 4300:Canada lynx ( 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4124:C. temminckii 4120: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4089:Marbled cat ( 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059:sensu stricto 4056: 4051: 4037: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3975: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3909: 3908:P. pardicolor 3904: 3902: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3773: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3730: 3722: 3720: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3622:American mink 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3597:Tonkin weasel 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3532:European mink 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3311:0-231-03733-3 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3292:0-8018-7416-5 3288: 3285:. JHU Press. 3284: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3243: 3237: 3221: 3215: 3199: 3192: 3186: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2899: 2896:, Fall 2013, 2895: 2891: 2886: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2831: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2690: 2684: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2489: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2290: 2289: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2174: 2172: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2126: 2118: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2013: 2007: 2005: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1968:, p. 297 1967: 1962: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1814: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1558:, p. 151 1557: 1552: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1535: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1503: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1474: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1400: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1369: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:Forever stamp 1306: 1297: 1287: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1246: 1245:in Colorado. 1244: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1161:Aubrey Valley 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1061: 1056: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1006: 1002: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 925: 923: 922:American mink 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 886:golden eagles 882: 880: 879: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 849: 845: 836: 834: 830: 829:buffalo grass 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 797:Aubrey Valley 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731:and southern 730: 726: 717: 708: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 642: 638: 637:predator-prey 633: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 614: 608: 604: 600: 593: 588: 579: 575: 572: 567: 563: 558: 554: 545: 536: 532: 528: 524: 522: 518: 511: 506: 492: 489: 483: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 423: 419: 412: 407: 401: 397: 392: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 336: 331: 327: 317: 315: 314:Elizabeth Ann 311: 307: 306:IUCN Red List 302: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 255: 250: 241: 237: 232: 229: 225: 220: 216: 210: 208: 202: 199: 198:Binomial name 195: 191: 190: 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 173: 170: 169: 166: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 120: 119: 116: 113: 110: 109: 104: 99: 95: 89: 83: 78: 72: 67: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 9257: 9214: 9205: 9196: 9187: 9178: 9169: 9160: 9158: 9151: 9142: 9133: 9124: 9115: 9106: 9097: 9088: 9079: 9070: 9050: 9038: 9029: 9020: 9011: 8999: 8974: 8965: 8956: 8944: 8932: 8920: 8909:L. sumatrana 8908: 8899: 8887: 8875: 8858: 8846: 8834: 8825: 8816: 8807: 8795: 8783: 8741: 8732: 8720: 8708: 8692:V. peregusna 8691: 8679: 8646: 8637: 8617: 8605: 8592:Lyncodontini 8583:Ictonychinae 8567:M. zibellina 8566: 8557: 8548: 8539: 8530: 8522:M. flavigula 8521: 8512: 8504:M. americana 8503: 8483: 8471: 8459: 8447: 8435: 8424:Eira barbara 8423: 8397: 8389:M. personata 8388: 8379: 8370: 8361: 8352: 8332: 8316: 8307: 8299:M. canescens 8298: 8289: 8277: 8265: 8256: 8247: 8235: 8206: 8194: 8182: 8101: 8092: 8080: 8068: 8059: 8047: 8018: 8009: 8000: 7991: 7971: 7959: 7950: 7941: 7921: 7909: 7908:Cacomistle ( 7900: 7888: 7877:Potos flavus 7876: 7846: 7837: 7828: 7819: 7799: 7787: 7778: 7758: 7746: 7737: 7725: 7713: 7704: 7695: 7686: 7666: 7633: 7574: 7565: 7556: 7547: 7513: 7504: 7484: 7468: 7456: 7444: 7429:(monk seals) 7385: 7376: 7367: 7355: 7343: 7334: 7322: 7310: 7301: 7292: 7266: 7257: 7200: 7192:A. townsendi 7191: 7182: 7174:A. philippii 7173: 7164: 7155: 7146: 7138:A. australis 7137: 7125: 7113: 7096: 7084: 7072: 7051: 7042: 7030: 7018: 6992: 6980: 6940: 6819:U. maritimus 6818: 6817:Polar bear ( 6809: 6808:Brown bear ( 6800: 6791: 6779: 6767: 6758: 6757:Sloth bear ( 6732: 6720: 6708: 6696: 6646: 6637: 6628: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6571: 6560:Cuon alpinus 6559: 6550: 6534:L. mesomelas 6533: 6524: 6512: 6481: 6472: 6463: 6462:Pampas fox ( 6454: 6445: 6436: 6424: 6412: 6403: 6387:S. venaticus 6386: 6374: 6362: 6361:Maned wolf ( 6343:Cerdocyonina 6311: 6310:Fennec fox ( 6302: 6293: 6285:V. rueppelli 6284: 6275: 6266: 6257: 6256:Arctic fox ( 6249:V. ferrilata 6248: 6239: 6238:Corsac fox ( 6230: 6221: 6212: 6211:Bengal fox ( 6190: 6178: 6169: 6157: 6145: 6119: 6118:Island fox ( 6110: 6098: 6031:H. sanguinea 6030: 6021: 6012: 6004:H. ichneumon 6003: 5994: 5982: 5970: 5961: 5952: 5940: 5928: 5919: 5910: 5901: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5831:U. edwardsii 5830: 5822:U. brachyura 5821: 5812: 5800: 5788: 5779: 5749: 5740: 5731: 5723:C. alexandri 5722: 5710: 5698: 5689: 5677: 5665: 5648: 5640:M. gambianus 5639: 5627: 5615: 5599:S. suricatta 5598: 5586: 5561: 5536: 5527: 5515: 5503: 5486: 5477: 5465: 5453: 5423: 5414: 5402: 5390: 5381: 5358:carnivorans) 5339: 5310: 5298: 5286: 5277: 5245: 5233: 5203:Herpestoidea 5166:Herpestoidea 5133: 5125:G. victoriae 5124: 5115: 5114:Cape genet ( 5106: 5098:G. servalina 5097: 5088: 5087:King genet ( 5080:G. piscivora 5079: 5070: 5061: 5052: 5044:G. johnstoni 5043: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4980: 4969:P. leightoni 4968: 4959: 4941: 4916: 4907: 4899:V. megaspila 4898: 4890:V. civettina 4889: 4877: 4865: 4856: 4841: 4825: 4798: 4789: 4780: 4768: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4729: 4703: 4694: 4685: 4676: 4574: 4565: 4557:F. margarita 4556: 4547: 4538: 4537:Jungle cat ( 4529: 4520: 4508: 4492: 4483: 4475:P. planiceps 4474: 4465: 4456: 4446:Prionailurus 4444: 4432: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4377:Jaguarundi ( 4361: 4349: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4301: 4289: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4224:L. geoffroyi 4223: 4214: 4213:Pampas cat ( 4202: 4186: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4123: 4114: 4102: 4091:P. marmorata 4090: 4078: 4058: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3964: 3952: 3907: 3898: 3881: 3854: 3807:Superorder: 3801:Infraclass: 3611: 3557:Least weasel 3542:Haida ermine 3526: 3506: 3424:South Dakota 3348: 3321: 3301: 3282: 3272: 3261: 3253:Bibliography 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3214: 3202:. Retrieved 3197: 3185: 3173:. Retrieved 3168: 3159: 3147:. Retrieved 3138: 3129: 3117:. Retrieved 3108: 3098: 3088:February 21, 3086:. Retrieved 3082:the original 3077: 3068: 3049: 3036: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2873:. Retrieved 2869: 2860: 2848:. Retrieved 2842: 2817:. Retrieved 2813: 2803: 2795: 2786: 2774:. Retrieved 2760: 2750:September 5, 2748:. Retrieved 2744:Parks Canada 2734: 2724:September 5, 2722:. Retrieved 2718:the original 2704: 2694:September 5, 2692:. Retrieved 2683: 2671:. Retrieved 2667:the original 2662: 2653: 2620: 2616: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2559:. Retrieved 2556:The Guardian 2555: 2545: 2518: 2514: 2488: 2476:. Retrieved 2472: 2462: 2415:(4): 581–5. 2412: 2408: 2395: 2387:the original 2383:www.pc.gc.ca 2382: 2372: 2350:(1): 67–73. 2347: 2343: 2337: 2313:(1): 15–22. 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2287: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2195:. Retrieved 2188:the original 2183: 2179: 2170: 2139:. Retrieved 2135:the original 2124: 2117: 2098: 2094: 2040: 2036: 2027: 2019: 1996:Merriam 1896 1961: 1937:(126): 1–3. 1934: 1928: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1830:February 21, 1828:. Retrieved 1824: 1800:. Retrieved 1796:the original 1791: 1781: 1769:. Retrieved 1765:the original 1760: 1751: 1700: 1696: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1598: 1594: 1551: 1542: 1521:. Retrieved 1515: 1509: 1502: 1490:. Retrieved 1480: 1473: 1461:. Retrieved 1447: 1441: 1435: 1404: 1391: 1376: 1375: 1374:profile for 1371: 1345: 1339: 1320: 1316:Joel Sartore 1311: 1302: 1281: 1267: 1240: 1224: 1220: 1192: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1159:. Arizona's 1130: 1118:Saskatchewan 1116:in southern 1106: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1067: 1065: 1060:Conata Basin 1038: 1033:Conata Basin 1019: 1014: 998: 982: 976: 973:John Bachman 931: 918: 883: 876: 850: 846: 842: 825: 793:South Dakota 777:Conata Basin 733:Saskatchewan 724: 722: 705: 693:meadow voles 686: 678:horned larks 646: 621: 617: 611: 599:prairie dogs 596: 576: 550: 533: 529: 525: 514: 484: 480: 445: 436: 424: 415: 399: 372:Medicine Hat 343: 333: 323: 290: 286:prairie dogs 271: 262: 258: 253: 252: 248: 246: 235: 234: 206: 204: 188: 187: 175: 29: 9496:NatureServe 9405:iNaturalist 9282:Wikispecies 9206:M. sibirica 9188:M. putorius 9161:M. nigripes 9143:M. lutreola 9116:M. haidarum 9012:N. africana 8975:A. congicus 8966:A. cinereus 8957:A. capensis 8857:Sea otter ( 8835:L. provocax 8742:I. striatus 8663:Ictonychini 8558:M. melampus 8470:Wolverine ( 8448:P. pennanti 8371:M. moschata 8362:M. everetti 8308:M. leucurus 8266:A. hoevenii 8257:A. collaris 8207:M. capensis 8102:N. olivacea 8017:Olinguito ( 7973:Bassaricyon 7960:P. pygmaeus 7890:Bassariscus 7863:Procyonidae 7838:S. putorius 7829:S. gracilis 7747:M. mephitis 7738:M. macroura 7632:Red panda ( 7612:Musteloidea 7573:Ross seal ( 7526:Lobodontini 7458:Neomonachus 7386:P. sibirica 7344:P. vitulina 7309:Grey seal ( 7291:Harp seal ( 7183:A. pusillus 7147:A. forsteri 6982:Callorhinus 6916:Pinnipedia 6875:Musteloidea 6647:C. simensis 6611:C. lupaster 6480:Hoary fox ( 6473:L. sechurae 6446:L. fulvipes 6437:L. culpaeus 6333:(true dogs) 6292:Swift fox ( 6267:V. macrotis 6159:Nyctereutes 6068:Caniformia 6013:H. ochracea 5971:B. nigripes 5962:B. jacksoni 5849:U. javanica 5766:Herpestinae 5741:C. obscurus 5732:C. ansorgei 5712:Crossarchus 5568:(mongooses) 5557:Herpestidae 5537:S. durrelli 5528:S. concolor 5478:G. fasciata 5415:E. goudotii 5336:Herpestidae 5246:P. cristata 5107:G. thierryi 5062:G. maculata 5026:G. cristata 5017:G. bourloni 4770:Paradoxurus 4728:Binturong ( 4667:Hemigalinae 4644:Viverroidea 4607:Viverroidea 4566:F. nigripes 4418:Leopard cat 4403:P. concolor 4320:L. pardinus 4269:L. tigrinus 4260:L. pardalis 4251:L. jacobita 4242:L. guttulus 4215:L. colocola 3974:N. nebulosa 3944:Pantherinae 3824:Feliformia 3226:January 25, 3204:January 25, 2875:November 1, 2197:November 7, 1998:, p. 8 1848:Kurtén 1980 1703:: 160–168. 1463:February 8, 1175:NatureServe 1108:Zoo Diaries 1103:Toronto Zoo 1003:, with the 815:, northern 592:prairie dog 476:conspecific 386:Description 380:Pleistocene 368:Sangamonian 362:deposit in 326:conspecific 9570:Categories 9179:M. nudipes 9170:M. nivalis 9134:M. kathiah 9089:M. erminea 9080:M. altaica 9030:N. frenata 9021:N. felipei 8991:Mustelinae 8733:I. libycus 8647:G. vittata 8513:M. caurina 8290:M. anakuma 8168:Mustelidae 8155:Mustelidae 8131:see below↓ 8122:Mustelidae 8019:B. neblina 7930:(raccoons) 7901:B. astutus 7899:Ringtail ( 7875:Kinkajou ( 7847:S. pygmaea 7788:M. marchei 7646:Mephitidae 7514:M. leonina 7406:Monachinae 7377:P. hispida 7368:P. caspica 7165:A. gazella 7097:N. cinerea 6993:C. ursinus 6931:Odobenidae 6884:see below↓ 6864:see below↓ 6848:Pinnipedia 6766:Sun bear ( 6733:T. ornatus 6722:Tremarctos 6698:Ailuropoda 6636:Red wolf ( 6602:C. latrans 6525:L. adustus 6482:L. vetulus 6455:L. griseus 6385:Bush dog ( 6276:V. pallida 6274:Pale fox ( 6258:V. lagopus 6229:Cape fox ( 6109:Gray fox ( 5867:U. smithii 5699:H. parvula 5690:H. hirtula 5578:Mungotinae 5467:Galidictis 5440:Galidiinae 5368:Euplerinae 5351:Eupleridae 5340:sensu lato 5311:C. crocuta 5244:Aardwolf ( 5175:see below↓ 5116:G. tigrina 5089:G. poensis 5071:G. pardina 5053:G. letabae 5035:G. genetta 4933:Genettinae 4917:V. zibetha 4837:Viverrinae 4826:sensu lato 4821:Viverrinae 4790:P. jerdoni 4657:Viverridae 4616:see below↓ 4555:Sand cat ( 4362:A. jubatus 4187:C. caracal 4080:Pardofelis 3899:P. linsang 3840:Feliformia 3149:January 3, 3119:January 3, 2850:October 2, 2819:October 2, 2328:1807/70615 1981:Coues 1877 1875:(2): 422. 1802:October 9, 1757:"Timeline" 1556:Coues 1877 1354:References 1147:bordering 823:, Canada 741:New Mexico 658:house mice 618:Peromyscus 603:lagomorphs 562:copulation 553:polygynous 354:, such as 165:Mustelidae 84:Appendix I 66:Endangered 9626:Fur trade 9125:M. itatsi 9059:(weasels) 8922:Lutrogale 8859:E. lutris 8817:L. felina 8626:(grisons) 8549:M. martes 8492:(martens) 8410:Guloninae 8196:Mellivora 8069:N. narica 8010:B. medius 8001:B. gabbii 7992:B. alleni 7980:(olingos) 7949:Raccoon ( 7801:Spilogale 7687:C. chinga 7668:Conepatus 7624:Ailuridae 7423:Monachini 7335:P. largha 7005:Otariinae 6968:sea lions 6963:fur seals 6954:Otariidae 6839:Mustelida 6810:U. arctos 6672:Arctoidea 6629:C. lycaon 6584:C. aureus 6514:Lupulella 6426:Lycalopex 6303:V. vulpes 6301:Red fox ( 6265:Kit fox ( 6240:V. corsac 5984:Herpestes 5597:Meerkat ( 5356:(Malagasy 5258:Hyaeninae 5219:Hyaenidae 5134:G. felina 4548:F. lybica 4360:Cheetah ( 4278:L. wiedii 4267:Oncilla ( 4233:L. guigna 4204:Leopardus 4185:Caracal ( 4178:C. aurata 4113:Bay cat ( 4034:P. pardus 4032:Leopard ( 4007:P. tigris 3965:N. diardi 3883:Prionodon 3783:Kingdom: 3772:Carnivora 3686:Galanthis 3367:643483454 3359:0027-9358 2776:August 5, 2673:March 11, 2561:August 6, 2478:August 6, 1771:March 18, 1601:: 99–114. 1342:Neko Case 1321:Photo Ark 1143:, in the 1029:DeltaDust 1001:fur trade 979:in 1851. 941:Blackfoot 873:tularemia 865:red foxes 839:Mortality 817:Chihuahua 753:Meeteetse 735:south to 650:deer mice 571:altricial 517:nocturnal 488:preputial 456:vestigial 360:Illinoian 330:carnivory 320:Evolution 183:Species: 155:Carnivora 121:Kingdom: 115:Eukaryota 9596:Prairies 9548:Species+ 9501:2.102031 9488:14001437 9423:11259518 9322:BioLib: 9267:Wikidata 9105:Ferret ( 9039:N. vison 8900:L. lutra 8768:(otters) 8762:Lutrinae 8619:Galictis 8531:M. foina 8446:Fisher ( 8334:Melogale 8317:M. meles 8237:Arctonyx 8082:Nasuella 8060:N. nasua 8037:(coatis) 7951:P. lotor 7727:Mephitis 7486:Mirounga 7236:Phocinae 7217:Phocidae 7086:Neophoca 7032:Zalophus 6939:Walrus ( 6638:C. rufus 6620:C. lupus 6600:Coyote ( 6435:Culpeo ( 6376:Speothos 6312:V. zerda 6294:V. velox 6231:V. chama 5942:Bdeogale 5840:U. fusca 5679:Helogale 5649:M. mungo 5588:Suricata 5517:Salanoia 5424:E. major 5404:Eupleres 5235:Proteles 5224:(hyenas) 4988:(genets) 4539:F. chaus 4530:F. catus 4521:F. bieti 4401:Cougar ( 4351:Acinonyx 4329:L. rufus 4327:Bobcat ( 4276:Margay ( 4258:Ocelot ( 4231:Kodkod ( 4152:Serval ( 4115:C. badia 4104:Catopuma 4014:Jaguar ( 3998:P. uncia 3987:Panthera 3954:Neofelis 3872:Feloidea 3803:Eutheria 3797:Mammalia 3791:Chordata 3789:Phylum: 3785:Animalia 3645:Sea mink 3446:Archived 3416:Archived 3395:Archived 3143:Archived 3139:KUSA.com 3113:Archived 3057:Archived 2984:40900753 2976:15335727 2900:(4): 22. 2770:CBC News 2645:25528029 2439:19203496 2141:June 14, 2065:49366571 1897:85863751 1709:23377649 1337:Survey. 1284:May 2024 1276:relocate 1196:Mark Rey 987:— 965:Townsend 949:Cheyenne 809:Colorado 781:Badlands 613:Microtus 437:Putorius 422:subgenus 418:whiskers 348:Beringia 267:mustelid 228:Synonyms 161:Family: 145:Mammalia 135:Chordata 131:Phylum: 125:Animalia 111:Domain: 71:IUCN 3.1 9581:Weasels 9475:1005873 9397:5218985 9273:Q402885 9107:M. furo 9052:Mustela 9001:Neogale 8848:Enhydra 8722:Ictonyx 8681:Vormela 8638:G. cuja 8565:Sable ( 8472:G. gulo 8437:Pekania 8422:Tayra ( 8219:Melinae 8031:Nasuina 7923:Procyon 7279:Phocini 6918:(seals) 6853:(seals) 6745:Ursinae 6687:(bears) 6682:Ursidae 6558:Dhole ( 6348:(zorro) 6222:V. cana 6132:Vulpini 6100:Urocyon 6084:Canidae 5876:U. urva 5380:Fossa ( 5300:Crocuta 4982:Genetta 4879:Viverra 4420:lineage 4342:lineage 4311:L. lynx 4167:Caracal 4141:lineage 4139:Caracal 4071:lineage 4069:Bay cat 4055:Felinae 4016:P. onca 4005:Tiger ( 3925:Felidae 3795:Class: 3774:species 3770:Extant 3658:Hybrids 3613:Neogale 3508:Mustela 3499:Species 3492:Weasels 3175:May 11, 3028:2983425 3008:Bibcode 3000:Science 2956:Bibcode 2921:Bibcode 2814:Reuters 2625:Bibcode 2587:Bibcode 2523:Bibcode 2431:7760495 2364:3808053 2263:1381377 2045:Bibcode 1953:3503892 1889:1383400 1671:2425964 1523:May 10, 1492:May 10, 1368:Scholia 1274:Please 1187:ex situ 1165:Science 1095:in situ 1091:ex situ 1087:ex situ 1069:ex situ 995:Decline 961:Nuttall 928:History 902:bobcats 894:coyotes 801:Arizona 773:Montana 761:Wyoming 757:Wyoming 745:Arizona 729:Alberta 725:Cynomys 521:burrows 491:color. 396:Merriam 221:, 1851) 219:Bachman 215:Audubon 176:Mustela 171:Genus: 151:Order: 141:Class: 86: ( 69: ( 9527:541439 9449:180557 9381:FEIS: 9374:328590 9358:ECOS: 9310:ARKive 8797:Lontra 8485:Martes 7760:Mydaus 7654:skunks 6618:Wolf ( 6498:Canina 6328:Canini 6192:Vulpes 6088:(dogs) 5629:Mungos 4943:Poiana 4025:P. leo 4023:Lion ( 3929:(cats) 3365: 3357: 3308: 3289: 3026: 2982: 2974: 2643: 2437: 2429: 2362: 2261: 2063: 1951: 1895: 1887: 1825:PEOPLE 1707: 1669: 1370:has a 1332:. The 1235:cloned 953:Pawnee 951:, and 912:, and 743:, and 699:, and 680:, and 656:, and 557:estrus 448:pelage 441:orbits 435:) and 376:Alaska 217:& 9553:10039 9540:48860 9514:77151 9462:14020 9436:74432 9418:IRMNG 9410:41809 9351:44QY2 9338:89981 8946:Aonyx 8889:Lutra 8279:Meles 8049:Nasua 7324:Phoca 6781:Ursus 6573:Canis 6200:foxes 4510:Felis 3679:Other 3592:Stoat 3194:(PDF) 2980:S2CID 2641:S2CID 2435:S2CID 2405:(PDF) 2360:JSTOR 2259:JSTOR 2191:(PDF) 2176:(PDF) 2061:S2CID 2033:(PDF) 1949:JSTOR 1893:S2CID 1885:JSTOR 1705:JSTOR 1667:JSTOR 1401:from 1388:Notes 1372:topic 945:Sioux 751:near 737:Texas 464:cusps 460:crown 452:molar 429:least 310:clone 88:CITES 82:CITES 9509:NCBI 9457:IUCN 9444:ITIS 9392:GBIF 9384:muni 9361:6953 9333:BOLD 9325:1767 8461:Gulo 7357:Pusa 5802:Urva 4392:Puma 4340:Puma 4291:Lynx 3691:Gale 3363:OCLC 3355:ISSN 3306:ISBN 3287:ISBN 3228:2024 3206:2024 3177:2023 3151:2021 3121:2021 3090:2021 3024:PMID 2972:PMID 2877:2022 2852:2009 2821:2009 2778:2010 2752:2015 2726:2015 2696:2015 2675:2013 2563:2021 2480:2021 2427:PMID 2305:)". 2199:2018 2143:2010 2095:Oryx 1867:)". 1832:2021 1804:2011 1773:2021 1525:2024 1494:2024 1465:2022 1448:2015 1170:IUCN 971:and 937:Crow 813:Utah 767:and 620:and 582:Diet 569:are 431:and 425:Gale 274:mink 247:The 9483:MSW 9470:MDD 9431:ISC 9369:EoL 9346:CoL 9297:ADW 3327:hdl 3016:doi 3004:227 2964:doi 2929:doi 2633:doi 2595:doi 2531:doi 2417:doi 2352:doi 2323:hdl 2315:doi 2251:doi 2103:doi 2053:doi 1939:doi 1877:doi 1659:doi 1655:117 1452:doi 1328:in 1318:'s 1185:on 975:'s 963:or 791:in 622:Mus 454:is 398:'s 261:or 9572:: 9550:: 9537:: 9524:: 9511:: 9498:: 9485:: 9472:: 9459:: 9446:: 9433:: 9420:: 9407:: 9394:: 9371:: 9348:: 9335:: 9312:: 9299:: 9284:: 9269:: 3437:, 3361:. 3196:. 3167:. 3137:. 3111:. 3107:. 3076:. 3022:. 3014:. 3002:. 2978:. 2970:. 2962:. 2950:. 2927:. 2917:22 2915:. 2898:88 2892:. 2868:. 2841:. 2829:^ 2812:. 2794:. 2768:. 2742:. 2712:. 2661:. 2639:. 2631:. 2619:. 2607:^ 2593:. 2583:22 2581:. 2554:. 2529:. 2519:51 2517:. 2513:. 2501:^ 2471:. 2447:^ 2433:. 2425:. 2413:30 2411:. 2407:. 2381:. 2358:. 2348:47 2346:. 2321:. 2311:94 2309:. 2271:^ 2257:. 2247:69 2245:. 2207:^ 2184:77 2182:. 2178:. 2151:^ 2129:. 2127:)" 2099:13 2097:. 2093:. 2073:^ 2059:. 2051:. 2039:. 2035:. 2030:)" 2003:^ 1988:^ 1973:^ 1947:. 1933:. 1905:^ 1891:. 1883:. 1873:81 1871:. 1855:^ 1840:^ 1823:. 1812:^ 1790:. 1759:. 1717:^ 1699:. 1695:. 1679:^ 1665:. 1653:. 1607:^ 1597:. 1593:. 1563:^ 1533:^ 1514:. 1485:. 1446:. 1440:. 1420:^ 1408:. 1181:. 947:, 943:, 939:, 916:. 908:, 904:, 900:, 896:, 892:, 888:, 863:, 859:, 803:; 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Black-footed ferret

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