373:
At about this time, King
Frederick is said to have collapsed from heat exhaustion, causing his flagship to withdraw to ensure his safety. This caused the flight of the Sicilian fleet. Lauria, who had fought for Frederick when Aragon was allied to Sicily, captured 18 Sicilian galleys and ordered the
316:
but was able to win the battle with the intervention of its six-galley reserve that attacked the rear of the
Sicilian fleet. The Sicilians fled when the flagship, with Frederick aboard, pulled back after the king collapsed from heat and exhaustion. Eighteen Sicilian vessels were captured and their
365:
and unable to put to sea, positioned his fleet close to the shore, with his centre slightly further forward and all ships closely chained together to strengthen his formation. It is considered probable that Lauria also ordered flying bridges constructed to allow the reinforcement of his crews by
369:
Initially, the battle was conducted at a distance with both lines of ships exchanging crossbow fire. However, one of
Frederick's captains, eager to close with the enemy, cut his chains and pushed forward. Other Sicilian vessels followed his lead, resulting in both battle lines broken, with all
344:
Aware that the
Sicilian fleet was not far off, James disembarked his stores, horses, and sick at Cape Orlando and transferred infantrymen from his transport ships to his fighting galleys. Frederick delayed his fleet at sea, awaiting the arrival of an additional 8 vessels from
382:
Despite the battle wiping out the
Sicilian defense fleet and leaving the island open to invasion, James did not make use of his good fortune. He fell out with his Angevin allies and returned to Spain. The Angevin force was defeated in land battles and by the signing of the
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crews massacred. The battle allowed for the invasion of Sicily but James, breaking with his
Angevin allies, withdrew his force to Aragon and Frederick was able to defeat the Angevin army on land and secure the independence of Sicily in the
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of Sicily, had put 40 galleys to sea in an attempt to intercept the invading force. To try to avoid the
Sicilian fleet, James altered his plans and instead landed further to the west at Cape Orlando.
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vessels engaging in close-quarters fighting. James' fleet had just captured the first
Sicilian ship when a force of six of his vessels, held back in reserve by Lauria, attacked the Sicilian rear.
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massacre of their crews in revenge for the recent death of his nephew at the hands of
Frederick. Some sources state that James ordered that Frederick be allowed to escape unharmed.
161:
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of Aragon amassed a fleet of 46 Aragon (or
Catalan) and 10 Angevin galleys at Naples, together with several cargo ships. James intended to use his fleet to carry an army to
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soldiers from the shore. Frederick approached with his flagship in the centre of his line, 20 vessels to his left and 19 to the right, in a closely chained formation.
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in 1302, Frederick had guaranteed the independence of Sicily. The battle secured Lauria's position as commander of the Angevin navy.
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were present with their fleets at the battle. The larger Aragonese–Angevin fleet was trapped on a
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Naval Warfare Under Oars, 4th to 16th Centuries: A Study of Strategy, Tactics and Ship Design
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Naval Warfare Under Oars, 4th to 16th Centuries: A Study of Strategy, Tactics and Ship Design
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Naval Warfare Under Oars, 4th to 16th Centuries: A Study of Strategy, Tactics and Ship Design
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Battle that took place on 4 July 1299 at St Marco di Val Demone, north-western Sicily, Italy
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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
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took place on 4 July 1299 at St Marco di Val Demone, north-western
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582:Naval battles of the War of the Sicilian Vespers
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494:Battle at Sea: 3000 Years of Naval Warfare
329:As part of his attempt to conquer Sicily,
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479:. Naval Institute Press. p. 141.
438:. Naval Institute Press. p. 140.
410:. Naval Institute Press. p. 139.
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473:Rodgers, William Ledyard (1939).
432:Rodgers, William Ledyard (1939).
404:Rodgers, William Ledyard (1939).
66:Aragonese–Angevin victory
572:Naval battles involving Aragon
498:. Dorling Kindersley. p.
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184:Aragonese invasion of Sicily
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516:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009).
173:War of the Sicilian Vespers
29:War of the Sicilian Vespers
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577:Military history of Sicily
300:galley fleet commanded by
240:Angevin invasion of Sicily
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522:. ABC-CLIO. p. 293.
454:The Encyclopedia of War
310:Frederick III of Sicily
612:13th-century massacres
592:13th century in Aragon
385:Peace of Caltabellotta
319:Peace of Caltabellotta
275:Battle of Cape Orlando
96:Commanders and leaders
22:Battle of Cape Orlando
126:Casualties and losses
490:Grant, R.G. (2010).
361:Lauria, caught in a
548:38.1500°N 14.7333°E
544: /
292:fleet commanded by
134:18 galleys captured
306:James II of Aragon
607:Conflicts in 1299
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211:Aragonese Crusade
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90:Kingdom of Sicily
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52:Mediterranean Sea
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296:defeated a
42:4 July 1299
566:Categories
539:14°44′00″E
536:38°09′00″N
391:References
325:Background
281:, when an
273:The naval
252:Falconaria
233:The Counts
121:48 galleys
118:56 galleys
378:Aftermath
363:lee shore
314:lee shore
283:Aragonese
331:James II
298:Sicilian
257:Gagliano
199:Nicotera
113:Strength
47:Location
27:Part of
304:. King
287:Angevin
194:Messina
131:Unknown
54:, near
357:Battle
347:Cefalu
290:galley
279:Sicily
63:Result
56:Sicily
335:Patti
262:Ponza
204:Malta
308:and
285:and
39:Date
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508:^
500:71
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353:.
321:.
502:.
163:e
156:t
149:v
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