590:. Also, barking is almost exclusively used for giving warnings. Warn-barking in a homotypical sequence and a kind of "warn-howling" in a heterotypical one have also been observed. The bark-howling starts with several barks and then fades into a rising and ebbing howl and is probably, similarly to coughing, used to warn the puppies and members of the pack. Dingoes also emit a sort of "wailing" sound, which they use most often when approaching a water hole, probably to warn already present dingoes. According to current knowledge, it is impossible to get Australian dingoes to bark more often by making them associate with other domestic dogs. However,
166:
frequent the boundaries of a captive dog's territory, thus triggering the bark response as a warning. Dogs also live in densely populated urban areas, allowing for more opportunities for socialization. For example, kennelled dogs may have increased barking due to a desire to facilitate social behaviour. Dogs' close relationship with humans also renders dogs reliant on humans, even for basic needs. Barking can be used as a way to attract attention, and any positive response exhibited by the owners reinforces the behaviour. For example, if a dog barks to get food and the owner feeds it, they are conditioned to continue said behaviour.
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were played a recording of a dog tied alone to a tree, a situation in which one could infer that the dog would be distressed, the human listeners tended to rank the bark as having a high level of despair. Some suggest that this may be evidence that dog barks have evolved to be a form of communication with humans, since humans can determine a dog's needs by listening to their vocalizations. Further studies have found that the
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is short and monosyllabic. During observations, the
Australian dingo's bark has a small variability; sub-groups of bark types, common among domestic dogs, could not be found. Furthermore, just 5% of the observed vocalizations consisted of barking. Australian dingoes bark only in swooshing noises or a
429:
Barking is a normal behaviour for dogs. What counts as excessive barking is a subjective idea. Excessive dog barking can be a nuisance and a common problem that dog owners or their neighbors may face. Excessive barking indicates an underlying problem, a trigger or the dog lacking exercise or mental
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The frequency of barking in dogs compared to wolves could also be the product of the different social environments of dogs. From a young age, humans may be among a dog's primary social contacts, an environment that presents different stimuli than would be found by wolves in the wild. Intruders may
336:
There is some evidence that humans can determine the suspected emotions of dogs while listening to barks emitted during specific situations. Humans scored the emotions of dogs performing these barks very similarly and in ways that made sense according to the context. In one example, when subjects
332:
Not all breeds demonstrate every subgroup of barking. Instead, there is significant variance in vocalization between different breeds. Poodles show the least of all barking subunits. Barking in wolves was observed as less diverse. For example, wolf barks are rarely harmonic, tending instead to be
174:
The purposes of barking by domestic dogs is a controversial topic. While barking is suggested to be "non-communicative", data suggests that it may indeed be a means of expression that became increasingly sophisticated during domestication. Due to the lack of consensus over whether or not dogs
499:
If all other methods have been tried, a last effort is using a bark collar. These collars might release an unpleasant smell or mild to painful shock. Various bark collars have been praised and criticized; some are considered inhumane by various people and groups. Critics consider them
1257:
Fauna
Boreali-americana, Or, The Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America: Containing Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected on the Late Northern Land Expeditions, Under Command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. By John Richardson, William Swainson, William
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employ complex communication involving barks and rhythmic chirps. Various bird species produce vocalizations that include the canonical features of barking, especially when avoiding predators. Some primate species, notably gorillas, can and do vocalize in short barks.
605:
was not known to bark in its native homeland, though puppies born in Europe learned how to imitate the barking of other dogs. When hurt or afraid, it howled like a wolf, and when curious, it made a sound described as a growl building up to a howl.
1247:, by Edward Turner Bennett, Zoological Society of London, William Harvey, Illustrated by John Jackson, William Harvey, G. B., S. S., Thomas Williams, Robert Edward Branston, George Thomas Wright. Published by Printed by C. Whittingham, 1830.
142:
Dog barking is distinct from wolf barking. Wolf barks represent only 2.4% of all wolf vocalizations, in warning, defense, and protest. In contrast, dogs bark in many social situations, with acoustic communication in dogs being described as
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explains that barking is a way a dog communicates. She suggests signaling back to show the dog that the dog's attempts to communicate have been acknowledge and to calm a dog down. She suggests the use of a hand signal and a
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communicate using their barks, not much research has been done to categorize the different types of barking in dogs. Some existing research has been criticized by
Feddersen-Petersen as "lack objectivity". Using
447:
Using positive training methods to correct the behavior. Dogs may bark from anxiety or stress, so punishment can often cause problems by reinforcing a cycle of bad behavior. Positive approaches can include:
61:
154:. Domestication can alter a species and affect its physical and physiological characteristics. Domesticated breeds show vast physical differences from their wild counterparts, an evolution that suggests
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methods, Feddersen-Petersen identified several distinct types of barks, then analysed them for meanings, functions, and emotions. He separated dog barks into subgroups based on said sonographic data:
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if it comes to an ultimatum, for a stubborn dog that will not stop any other way. Most agree that understanding the communication and retraining by reward is the most effective and humane method.
865:
Belyaev, D.K.; I.Z. Plyusnina; L.N. Trut (1984). "Domestication in the silver fox (Vulpus fulvus desm.) â changes in physiological boundaries of the sensitive period of primary socialization".
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and
Hampshire College have defined a bark as a short, abrupt vocalization that is relatively loud and high-pitched, changes in frequency, and often repeats rapidly in succession.
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reported a dingo that learned the more "typical" form of barking and knew how to use it, while its brother did not. Whether dingoes bark or bark-howl less overall is unknown.
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The
Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society, Published, with the Sanction of the Council, Under the Superintendence of the Secretary and Vice-secretary of the Society
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There is no precise, consistent, and functional acoustic definition for barking, but researchers classify barks according to several criteria. Researchers at the
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PongrĂĄcz, P; MolnĂĄr, C.; MiklĂłsi, Ă.; CsĂĄnyi, V. (2005). "Human
Listeners Are Able to Classify Dog (Canis familiaris) Barks Recorded in Different Situations".
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structure of a bark " considerably with context." These studies suggest that barks are more than just random sounds, and hold some communicative purpose.
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489:
954:
Feddersen-Petersen, D.U. (2000). "Vocalization of
European wolves (Canus lupus lupus L.) and various dog breeds (Canus lupus f., fam.)".
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Fedderson-Peterson, D.U. (2000). "Vocalization of
European wolves (Canus lupus lupus L.) and various dog breeds (Canus lupus f., fam.)".
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Schassburger, R.M. (1987). "Wolf vocalization: An integrated model of structure, motivation, and ontogeny". In H. Frank (ed.).
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is a working dog that has been selectively bred to drive stock (usually sheep) by using its voice. It was bred in
474:) or other means to obtain barking behavior on command, and then shaping the control to gain command over silence.
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One hypothesis for why dogs bark more than wolves is that dogs developed vocal communication as a result of their
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There are non-canine species with vocalizations that may be described as barking. Because the alarm call of the
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621:-like sound due to its unusually shaped larynx. This trait also gives the Basenji the nickname "Barkless Dog".
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Signaling to a dog with the palm of the hand is prescribed as a way to address a dog that is alert barking
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Fox, M.W. (1986). Saunders, W.B. (ed.). "The influence of domestication upon behavior of animals".
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stimulation. Reasons for excessive barking can be, among others, pain, fear, boredom, frustration,
24:
546:, seizure, or legal problems if the matter has proven incapable of being corrected any other way.
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158:, or the retention of juvenile characteristics in adults. The behaviour of adult dogs also shows
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Coppinger, R.; M. Feinstein (1991). "'Hark! Hark! The dogs do bark...' and bark and hark".
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Sonogram displayed "Christmas tree" effect. There is a "sequential loss of overtones".
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962:. Kiel, Germany: Institut fĂźr Haustierkunde, Christian-Albrechts-University: 387â397.
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832:. Kiel, Germany: Institut fĂźr Haustierkunde, Christian-Albrechts-University: 387â397.
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known as 'debarking' or 'bark softening' is a veterinary procedure for modifying the
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Seeking professional advice from local organizations, dog trainers, or veterinarians.
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Coppinger, R; M. Feinstein. "'Hark! Hark! The dogs do bark...' and bark and bark".
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147:. While wolf barks tend to be brief and isolated, dog barking is often repetitive.
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Ontogeny of timber wolf vocalizations: Acoustic properties and behavioral contexts
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542:. It is considered a last resort by some owners claiming that it is better than
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1326:"Article from ASPCA's Virtual Pet Behaviorist on working with barking problems"
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1209:(in German). Leipzig, Wien: Bibliographisches Institut. 1900. pp. 82â85.
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Attempting to understand, and if possible eliminate, the causes of barking.
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Adapted from the book "Why Pandas Do
Handstands," 2006, by Augustus Brown.
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Yin, S (2002). "A New
Perspective on Barking in Dogs (Canis familiaris)".
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Mixed sounds involving "concurrent superimposition" of growls, noisy bark
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805:(PhD Dissertation). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Dalhousie University.
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Fox, M.W. (1971). "Behavior of wolves and related canids". Malabar, FL.
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Splitting is prescribed as a way to address a dog that is alert barking
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Not Only Dogs, But Deer, Monkeys And Birds Bark To Deal With Conflict.
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Different kinds of barking require different approaches to reduction.
90:. Other animals that make this noise include, but are not limited to,
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Harsh, short sound. Low-pitched, with an extremely short, sharp rise.
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1184:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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When Good Dogs Do Bad Things: Proven solutions to 30 common problems
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resembles a dog's bark, they are sometimes known as "barking deer".
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to stimuli whilst calming the dog and persuading it to remain quiet.
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1224:(in German). Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG.
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can bark. Their barks are similar to those of wolves and dogs.
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agree that in a last resort an electric collar is better than
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characteristics: dogs act submissive, whine, and bark often.
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as the stimulus happens, through treats, praise, or similar.
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or territorial behaviour (warning about potential threats).
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is higher and more drawn out than barks of other canids.
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so that a barking dog will make a significantly reduced
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states and is opposed by animal welfare organizations.
306:. "Often show changeovers to aggressive interactions."
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Associated with more harsh play-fighting seen often in
202:
Emitted spontaneously in protest or as a distress call
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Lord, Kathryn., Feinstein, Mark., Coppinger, Raymond.
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Agonistic contexts only. Seen in Alaskan Malamutes.
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823:
510:Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
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213:After barking, play behavior was often observed.
2146:
284:Often combined with growls, other bark subunits.
118:is also a verb that describes the sound of many
1307:Burrowing US prairie dogs use complex language.
714:L. David Mech; Luigi Boitani (1 October 2010).
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577:Compared to most domestic dogs, the bark of a
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629:Besides dogs and wolves, other canines like
717:Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
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790:. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk.
1140:Free Ranging Dogs - Stray, Feral or Wild?
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1180:Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs
1143:. Guillaume de Lavigne. 19 March 2015.
1047:"What causes dogs to bark excessively?"
371:instructions, advice, or how-to content
349:
19:For the auditory frequency metric, see
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1220:Feddersen-Petersen, Dorit Urd (2008).
1115:Barking : the sound of a language
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257:Often accompanied with play behavior.
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1279:Tudor-Williams, Veronica (May 1988).
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1091:Mordecai Siegal and Matt Margolis.
1070:Richard Murray and Helen Penridge.
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380:so that it is more encyclopedic or
132:University of Massachusetts Amherst
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86:is a sound most often produced by
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1319:
1117:. Wenatchee, Wash.: Dogwise Pub.
1010:Journal of Comparative Psychology
975:Journal of Comparative Psychology
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867:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
481:Barking: The Sound of a Language
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73:Problems playing this file? See
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1260:, published by J. Murray, 1829.
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720:. University of Chicago Press.
573:Naturally "barkless" dog breeds
300:American Staffordshire Terriers
1095:. Little, Brown and Co. 1986,
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1:
1072:Dogs in the Urban Environment
894:Abnormal Behaviour in Animals
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549:Debarking is illegal in many
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16:Sound mainly produced by dogs
1287:. BCOA African Stock Project
1222:Ausdrucksverhalten beim Hund
879:10.1016/0168-1591(85)90015-2
7:
1981:List of longest-living dogs
1022:10.1037/0735-7036.116.2.189
987:10.1037/0735-7036.119.2.136
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287:Matched with play behavior
10:
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1954:Origin of the domestic dog
1852:Breed-specific legislation
1693:Psychiatric assistance dog
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2160:Dog training and behavior
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1281:"1945 Letter from Africa"
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504:and compare their use to
324:Short, low-pitched sound.
314:Short, low-pitched sound.
240:Short, overlapping sounds
196:Infantile bark (pup yelp)
1360:
896:. Philadelphia: 179â187.
655:are also known to bark.
625:Barking in other animals
169:
25:Barking (disambiguation)
2096:List of individual dogs
2091:Domesticated silver fox
1683:Mobility assistance dog
1171:Laurie Corbett (2004).
440:Common approaches are:
54:Moderately loud barking
2101:List of fictional dogs
1415:Livestock guardian dog
1113:Rugaas, Turid (2008).
920:Cite journal requires
640:The warning bark of a
426:
418:
262:Specific vibrato-growl
47:
37:
23:. For other uses, see
1769:Search and rescue dog
1074:. Chiron Media 1992,
801:Coscia, E.M. (1995).
759:Behavioural Processes
424:
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218:"Christmas tree" bark
46:
35:
1824:Dogâcat relationship
1671:Medical response dog
754:29 June 2011 at the
749:Barking and mobbing.
670:Animal communication
472:operant conditioning
350:Causes and solutions
281:Play-solicited barks
1615:List of crossbreeds
1378:African village dog
1051:RSPCA Knowledgebase
378:rewrite the content
252:Pure harmonic sound
532:surgical procedure
530:The controversial
526:Surgical debarking
520:Surgical debarking
432:separation anxiety
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419:
237:Noisy overlappings
207:Harmonic play bark
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38:
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2022:Rabies in animals
1949:Humanâcanine bond
1527:Bull-type terrier
1231:978-3-440-09863-9
727:978-0-226-51698-1
680:Dog communication
492:called Splitting.
479:In her 2008 book
452:Repeated exposure
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345:Excessive barking
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230:Alaskan Malamutes
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1383:Free-ranging dog
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304:Bull Terriers
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36:A dog barking
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2032:Reproduction
2002:Conformation
1944:Fear of dogs
1894:Dog grooming
1887:2007 recalls
1872:Dog fighting
1819:Intelligence
1801:
1732:Fighting dog
1712:Carriage dog
1635:Most popular
1592:Turnspit dog
1400:Hairless dog
1309:
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1289:. Retrieved
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788:Man and Wolf
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685:Dog training
657:Prairie dogs
646:
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601:of northern
597:The extinct
596:
592:Alfred Brehm
576:
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485:Turid Rugaas
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376:Please help
368:
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321:Warning bark
173:
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145:hypertrophic
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112:barking owls
83:
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2042:Vaccination
1939:Dog walking
1909:Dog licence
1882:dog biscuit
1867:Dog daycare
1857:Cynanthropy
1835:interaction
1688:Therapy dog
1676:Seizure dog
1666:Hearing dog
1427:Hunting dog
1405:Herding dog
1285:The Basenji
956:Arch. Tierz
941:Smithsonian
848:Smithsonian
826:Arch. Tierz
811:10222/55083
653:Eared seals
617:produces a
613:of central
582:mixture of
567:New Zealand
470:(a form of
458:Distraction
402:August 2024
386:Wikiversity
311:Threat bark
177:sonographic
2149:Categories
1934:Dog sports
1757:Police dog
1702:Attack dog
1656:Autism dog
1625:Crossbreed
1508:Sighthound
1486:Scenthound
1393:Street dog
854:: 119â128.
701:References
544:euthanasia
514:euthanasia
394:Wikivoyage
271:Noisy bark
160:puppy-like
126:Definition
75:media help
21:Bark scale
1929:Dog theft
1833:Humanâdog
1752:Mercy dog
1737:Guard dog
1717:Catch dog
1661:Guide dog
1537:Schnauzer
1496:Coonhound
1474:Water dog
1459:Retriever
1420:Sheep dog
1056:7 January
675:Debarking
536:voice box
502:torturous
464:Reshaping
390:Wikibooks
369:contains
191:Behavior
2124:Category
2052:Training
2012:Dog food
2007:Diseases
1992:Breeding
1924:Dog show
1919:Dog park
1914:Dog meat
1877:Dog food
1862:Dog bite
1789:Behavior
1774:Sled dog
1747:Meat dog
1532:Pinscher
1501:Foxhound
1156:11 March
1030:12083615
995:15982157
752:Archived
690:Growling
664:See also
563:Huntaway
551:European
339:acoustic
243:Seen in
224:Seen in
199:Harmonic
2084:Related
2060:Clicker
1987:Anatomy
1959:Therapy
1847:Baiting
1812:Howling
1802:Barking
1779:War dog
1742:Lap dog
1707:Bay dog
1580:Toy dog
1551:Bulldog
1546:Mastiff
1522:Terrier
1513:Longdog
1469:Spaniel
1454:Pointer
1449:Gun dog
1442:Lurcher
1388:Pye-dog
1189:8 April
1173:"Dingo"
761:. 2009.
695:Howling
649:muntjac
635:jackals
631:coyotes
611:Basenji
333:noisy.
245:poodles
156:neoteny
96:coyotes
2134:Portal
1969:Health
1602:Breeds
1585:Bichon
1491:Basset
1464:Setter
1410:Collie
1291:21 May
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615:Africa
603:Canada
584:atonal
557:Breeds
384:it to
120:canids
116:"Bark"
110:, and
92:wolves
1977:Aging
1644:Roles
1573:Tugou
1568:Laika
1563:Husky
1558:Spitz
1481:Hound
1437:Feist
1370:Types
1258:Kirby
1176:(PDF)
1012:. 2.
977:. 2.
619:yodel
588:tonal
579:dingo
540:noise
392:, or
170:Types
108:frogs
104:seals
100:foxes
2017:Odor
1997:Coat
1362:Dogs
1293:2019
1226:ISBN
1191:2009
1158:2020
1145:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1058:2024
1026:PMID
991:PMID
926:help
722:ISBN
633:and
609:The
586:and
561:The
466:via
382:move
302:and
228:and
185:Bark
88:dogs
84:bark
1432:Cur
1018:doi
1014:116
983:doi
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875:doi
807:hdl
642:fox
122:.
2151::
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1979:(
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27:.
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