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emanating from this crater is the longest in North
America. Most of the lava tube has collapsed but portions still remain as caves. One of these caves contains an over 900 year old ice cave and can be accessed by the public. The land that contains the ice cave was purchased by
349:
in the early 1900s. Mirabal mined the ice in the ice cave to cool the beer in a saloon that he operated. His daughter married into the
Candelaria family, which continues to own and operate the ice cave to this day. Ice mining was halted in 1946.
1119:
Peters, Timothy J.; Menzies, Martin; Thirlwall, Matthew; Kyle, Philip R. (April 2008). "Zuni–Bandera volcanism, Rio Grande, USA — Melt formation in garnet- and spinel-facies mantle straddling the asthenosphere–lithosphere boundary".
1221:
Ander, M.E.; Heiken, G.; Eichelberger, J.; Laughlin, A.W.; Huestis, S. (1981-05-01). Geologic and geophysical investigations of the Zuni-Bandera volcanic field, New Mexico (Report).
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281:. Several of the lava tubes are available for exploration by permit. In addition, hiking trails enable visitors to see the lava field's unique characteristics.
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region of the mantle just below the lithosphere. Little crustal material was assimilated into the magmas, although the tholeiitic magma experienced some
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1080:"Surface uplift above the Jemez mantle anomaly in the past 4 Ma based on 40Ar/39Ar dated paleoprofiles of the Rio San Jose, New Mexico, USA"
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253:, the outer rigid shell of the Earth that includes the crust and uppermost mantle. The alkaline basalt, by contrast, formed from the
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1027:
Laughlin, A.W.; West, F.G. (1975-12-01). Zuni
Mountains, New Mexico as a potential dry hot rock geothermal energy Site (Report).
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The ice cave, itself, never gets above 31 °F. It is currently 20 ft thick and has a green hue due to Arctic algae.
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and possessing a height of 2,533 metres (8,310 ft), Bandera Crater last erupted between 9,500 and 10,900 years ago.
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Channer, Michael A.; Ricketts, Jason W.; Zimmerer, Matthew; Heizler, Matthew; Karlstrom, Karl E. (1 October 2015).
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formed in the mantle to reach the surface. The magmas erupted in the field includes both
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Bandera Crater in the center is part of the Zuni-Bandera lava field.
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A significant portion of the volcanic field is part of the
1362:"McCartys Flow, Zuni - Bandera Volcanic Field, New Mexico"
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Additional lava caves reachable from El
Calderon trailhead
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1266:. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
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1341:"Into a Lava-Lined Underworld Near Albuquerque"
1264:"Background on the Zuni-Bandera Volcanic Field"
1063:. New Mexico Tourism Department. Archived from
217:The Zuni-Bandera volcanic field lies along the
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27:Volcanic field in New Mexico, United States
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1181:"Zuni-Bandera: Synonyms and Subfeatures"
288:Lava field near lava falls at El Malpais
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1649:Landforms of Cibola County, New Mexico
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964:List of volcanoes in the United States
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1223:United States Department of Energy
1029:United States Department of Energy
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221:, a zone of weakness in the lower
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269:at shallow depths in the crust.
237:(an iron-rich basalt with a low
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297:Located on private property at
1227:Los Alamos National Laboratory
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1674:Neogene geology of New Mexico
1644:Volcanic fields of New Mexico
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1320:Ice Cave and Bandera Volcano
1292:Ice Cave and Bandera Volcano
1142:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.006
969:El Malpais National Monument
907:2,423 metres (7,949 ft)
893:2,201 metres (7,221 ft)
841:2,458 metres (8,064 ft)
789:2,494 metres (8,182 ft)
737:2,490 metres (8,169 ft)
685:2,244 metres (7,362 ft)
633:2,459 metres (8,068 ft)
605:2,441 metres (8,009 ft)
553:2,380 metres (7,808 ft)
501:2,298 metres (7,539 ft)
435:2,320 metres (7,612 ft)
383:2,552 metres (8,373 ft)
279:El Malpais National Monument
203:Trails of the Ancients Byway
60:8,366 ft (2,550 m)
7:
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602:Cerro Hueco (Deer Mountain)
162:Zuni-Bandera volcanic field
33:Zuni-Bandera Volcanic Field
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249:-rich mantle rock of the
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1694:Basin and Range Province
1186:Global Volcanism Program
1003:Global Volcanism Program
951:15,800-17,800 years ago
207:New Mexico Scenic Byways
205:, one of the designated
183:located in the state of
1191:Smithsonian Institution
1061:"Trail of the Ancients"
1008:Smithsonian Institution
1684:Pliocene United States
838:La Tetra (Cerro Tetra)
729:2,500-3,900 years ago
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177:Malpais volcanic field
88:34.80000°N 108.00000°W
1679:Quaternary New Mexico
1664:Pleistocene volcanism
287:
1639:Malpaíses (landform)
155:1170 BCE ± 300 years
93:34.80000; -108.00000
1134:2008Litho.102..295P
1096:2015Geosp..11.1384C
1067:on August 21, 2014.
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357:Other Notable Vents
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1659:Pliocene volcanism
1345:The New York Times
1105:10.1130/GES01145.1
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166:Bandera lava field
50:Highest point
1669:Dormant volcanoes
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1529:Quaternary Period
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133:3.8 million years
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219:Jemez Lineament
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1347:. 2014-08-28.
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1288:"TRAIL GUIDES"
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998:"Zuni-Bandera"
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293:Bandera Crater
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1588:Greenlandian
1456:Serravallian
1369:. Retrieved
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1065:the original
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1001:
940:Twin Craters
904:Twin Craters
712:35.0; -107.8
410:35.0; -108.1
352:
339:
296:
276:
229:that allows
216:
200:
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169:
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1654:Lava fields
1613:Subatlantic
1446:Burdigalian
932: /
866: /
814: /
762: /
710: /
658: /
578: /
526: /
468:El Calderon
460: /
432:El Calderon
408: /
371:Coordinates
320: /
273:Exploration
251:lithosphere
129:Age of rock
91: /
79:108°00′00″W
66:Coordinates
1633:Categories
1578:Meghalayan
1482:Piacenzian
1441:Aquitanian
1371:2007-05-08
1270:2009-06-30
1196:2007-05-07
1013:2008-05-30
975:References
938: (
890:El Tintero
872: (
820: (
768: (
716: (
666:Lost Woman
664: (
630:Lost Woman
584: (
532: (
466: (
414: (
326: (
225:and upper
196:geothermal
185:New Mexico
76:34°48′00″N
1608:Subboreal
1593:Preboreal
1466:Messinian
1461:Tortonian
1325:8 October
1316:"HISTORY"
1297:8 October
1084:Geosphere
367:Elevation
342:lava tube
104:Geography
56:Elevation
1603:Atlantic
1477:Zanclean
1451:Langhian
958:See also
919:108°04′W
874:La Tetra
853:108°03′W
801:108°08′W
749:108°04′W
697:107°48′W
645:108°05′W
565:108°07′W
513:108°03′W
447:108°01′W
395:108°06′W
307:108°05′W
109:Location
1245:6516124
1130:Bibcode
1092:Bibcode
1047:7366687
916:34°59′N
850:34°59′N
798:34°57′N
746:35°04′N
694:35°00′N
642:34°58′N
562:34°53′N
510:34°53′N
444:34°58′N
392:35°00′N
304:35°00′N
263:ductile
213:Origins
179:) is a
172:Malpais
170:Grants
123:Geology
1598:Boreal
1562:Middle
1243:
1122:Lithos
1045:
616:Laguna
261:, the
255:garnet
247:spinel
239:alkali
227:mantle
1557:Early
231:magma
223:crust
1567:Late
1327:2021
1299:2021
1241:OSTI
1043:OSTI
364:Name
175:and
1231:doi
1138:doi
1126:102
1100:doi
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