262:
523:
or bedtime resistance, soothing upset children or enforcing bedtime routines, even when children resisted or expressed fears about sleeping alone. Some children engaged in physical or verbal aggression. Boys, in particular, were perceived as more challenging to manage, with some exhibiting dangerous behavior like wielding knives or engaging in destructive activities.Babysitters used various strategies to handle difficult situations, such as sending children to their rooms or threatening to call parents. However, these methods were not always effective, leaving babysitters feeling frustrated or inadequate.
527:
control and appear responsible in the eyes of their employers, fearing they would be seen as inadequate or incapable. Many girls identified with the children they cared for and hesitated to report misbehavior to parents, fearing repercussions. Despite expert advice to communicate openly with parents about challenges faced while babysitting, sitters were reluctant to present a laundry list of wrongdoing. Some employers were understanding, but others automatically believed their children's reports, leading to unjust distrust of babysitters.
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270:
496:" in 1991 marked a shift in sentiment among teenage girls towards babysitting. While experts and fiction often depicted babysitting as empowering, many real-life babysitters disagreed. They faced last-minute calls, low pay, and uncomfortable situations in employers' homes, including inappropriate behavior. Despite guidance, babysitters struggled to assert themselves and negotiate fair wages.
441:, which restricted employment for those under seventeen, babysitters were still tasked with chores beyond childcare. Many Depression-era mothers, tasked babysitters with additional household responsibilities. Fifteen to eighteen year old girls were often treated unfairly by employers, who sometimes failed to provide adequate instructions and pay.
434:' Everygirls magazine framed babysitting as a practical skill for present childcare needs and future homemaking responsibilities. But some believed that girls deserved better job opportunities than childcare. Parents' expectations were inconsistent and demanding, requiring babysitters to perform various household tasks alongside childcare duties.
421:
During the Great
Depression, concerns about teenage girls' behavior and the need for better childcare led to the employment of male "child tenders," a term used before "babysitter." Many adolescent boys were among the one million unemployed youth during this time and they took on various jobs to earn
417:
However, the growing visibility of teenage girls as babysitters also raised concerns among adults. Some adults disapproved of teenage girls spending their earnings, including purchasing makeup. Babysitters were also criticized for prioritizing socializing over their responsibilities, such as chatting
383:
Historically, girls from various backgrounds had been responsible for childcare duties, but societal changes led to the disappearance of roles like "Little
Mothers" and "baby tenders." These shifts reflected evolving notions of childhood and girlhood because adolescent girls were seen as ill-equipped
466:
Adults during World War II saw babysitting as a solution to social problems, aiming to keep teenage girls off the streets, provide them with respectable roles, and prepare them for future domestic responsibilities. Similar to approaches taken during the Great
Depression, wartime authorities promoted
526:
Despite their best efforts, babysitters sometimes faced criticism or blame from parents or social workers, who focused more on describing incidents as "abuse" rather than considering the babysitter's intentions or the challenging circumstances they faced. Babysitters often felt pressure to maintain
522:
Babysitters often faced challenges not only from potential dangers but also from the children they were responsible for. Handling multiple children simultaneously could be overwhelming such as dealing with fights or disagreements between children, dealing with children's emotions, especially crying
368:
Although modern household appliances were marketed as time-saving, rising cleanliness standards meant that mothers spent more time on household chores. While family size decreased, meaning women bore less children, they also dedicated more time to child-rearing, following advice from psychologists
547:
Before the Civil War, enslaved Black women cared for the children of white women, even feeding babies using their own breast milk. In 1863, after the
Emancipation Proclamation, African American women began to dominate the domestic workforce due to limited employment opportunities and segregation.
518:
However, encounters with drunk employers or uncomfortable situations with male employers raised doubts among babysitters about the worth of their job. Instances where employers arrived home intoxicated or exhibited inappropriate behavior made babysitters feel uneasy. Some babysitters encountered
332:
In some countries, various organizations produce courses for babysitters, many focusing on child safety and first aid appropriate for infants and children; these educational programs can be provided at local hospitals and schools. Different activities are needed for babies and toddlers. It is
328:
In developed countries, most babysitters are high-school or college students (age 16+). Some adults have in-home childcare as well. They are not babysitters but professional childcare providers and early-childhood educators. The work for babysitters also varies from watching a sleeping child,
425:
Babysitting emerged as a means of socially rehabilitating girlhood. To attract teenage girls to babysitting, it was presented as a pathway to independence and future career success. They suggested that babysitting would equip girls with valuable skills for future careers. Publications like
365:, traditional gender roles persisted, particularly concerning motherhood and domestic duties. Women's main duties included housekeeping, meal preparation, and caring for children. However, by 1920, women were about 20% of the overall workforce, raising concerns about women's independence.
478:
However, many teenage girls preferred jobs that offered better pay, status, and social opportunities, leading to a shortage of babysitters. Consequently, younger children, often as young as fourth or fifth graders, ended up assuming caregiving roles in households. Organizations like the
462:
However, many girls left babysitting for better-paying positions in war production centers and other industries. By 1944, the number of working girls had increased significantly compared to pre-war levels. The scarcity of babysitters made many mothers rely on grandparents for childcare.
271:
299:
who are not yet eligible for employment in the general economy. It provides autonomy from parental control and dispensable income, as well as an introduction to the techniques of childcare. It emerged as a social role for teenagers in the 1920s, and became especially important in
273:
737:. The use of the word "sit" to refer to a person tending to a child is recorded from 1800. The term may have originated from the caretaker "sitting on" the baby in one room while the parents were entertaining or busy in another. It is also theorized that the term may come from
618:", the mammy caricature depicted Black women in domestic servitude roles. They were typically portrayed as kind-hearted, overweight, and outspoken. This stereotype romanticized the Antebellum South and ignored the actual experiences of Black women and domestic workers.
653:
to protect domestic workers globally, although the United States has not ratified this convention. Local initiatives emerged to address these issues such as in 2014 when
Chicago implemented its first minimum wage ordinance, explicitly including domestic workers.
274:
548:
These women worked long hours for little pay, often receiving hand-me-downs instead. By 1870, over half of employed women were engaged in "domestic and personal service," reflecting the significant presence of
African American women in this sector.
555:
in response to mistreatment. However, the association disbanded because of low membership. By the 1930s, domestic workers in
Chicago faced issues such as employers offering work to the lowest bidder at designated locations known as "slave pens".
534:" babysitters were depicted as incompetent or disinterested, reinforcing unfair cultural scripts about female adolescence and babysitting. The reluctance of babysitters to engage fully with their responsibilities perpetuated these stereotypes.
387:
In the 1920s, most middle-class girls did not rely on babysitting for extra income because they received allowances from parents. Only a small percentage of high school girls earned their own spending money independently. However, sociologist
506:
Additionally, babysitters often encountered challenges related to employers' tardiness, cancellations, and lack of important information. While some employers provided emergency contacts and instructions, other babysitters were unprepared.
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483:
began offering childcare courses to younger girls to address the shortage. These courses taught practical skills like diapering and preparing formula, aiming to assure mothers that young babysitters were reliable sources of childcare.
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protected older workers but excluded many domestic workers. Amendments to the Fair Labor
Standards Act in 1974 provided protections like minimum wage and overtime pay, but those caring for the elderly or children were again excluded.
515:, emphasizing the importance of establishing a good working relationship with babysitters. Some babysitters did not mind last-minute cancellations, seeing them as unexpected breaks or opportunities for socializing with friends.
459:, the demand for babysitters increased significantly because of the rising birth rate and the working mothers needing childcare. Despite the low pay of twenty-five cents per hour, babysitting offered adolescent girls autonomy.
333:
beneficial for babysitters to understand toddler developmental milestones to plan for necessary activities. As paid employees, babysitters often require a disclosure or assessment of one's criminal record to ward off possible
613:
During the post-Civil War era and the Jim Crow period, the mammy stereotype surfaced as one of the most pervasive and enduring images of Black domestic workers. Portrayed prominently in popular culture, such as in 1939's
630:
highlighted the lack of overtime pay entitlement for domestic worker Evelyn Coke, despite her extensive hours of labor. This case underscored the challenges faced by domestic workers regarding fair compensation.
510:
Babysitters often had positive experiences with considerate parents of well-behaved children, who treated them as professionals rather than just employees. Many employers followed advice from magazines like
635:
503:
influenced their perception of the value of babysitting work, leading to frustration over gender-based wage disparities. However, many did not discuss payment with their employers or negotiate raises.
380:
Leisure activities gained cultural importance and children enjoyed an abundance of toys and games, but mothers faced criticism for neglecting maternal duties if they also pursued leisure activities.
693:, the national average babysitting cost in 2022 was $ 22.68 an hour for one child, $ 25.37 an hour for two, and $ 27.70 an hour for three children. This rate has increased by 21 percent since 2019.
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partly due to families' financial constraints, which limited teenagers' allowances and job opportunities. Many teenage girls became "mother's helpers" or "neighborhood helpers." The rise of
272:
676:
introduced the
Domestic Workers Bill of Rights at the federal level. This bill aims to ensure the rights and protections of domestic workers nationwide, but it has not yet passed into law.
638:
became a leading advocate for domestic workers' rights, aiming to establish a domestic workers' bill of rights. This began in New York State and resulted in the signing of the New York
969:
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531:
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753:, the term refers only to caring for a child for a few hours, on an informal basis, and usually in the evening when the child is asleep for most of the time.
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changing diapers, playing games, and preparing meals, to teaching the child to read or even drive, depending on the agreement between parents and babysitter.
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prohibited employment discrimination, but most domestic workers were not covered as it applied only to employers with 15 or more employees. Similarly, the
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Admin. "10 Interesting Facts About the
Etymology of Babysitter | Babysitters." Babysitters. Babysitters.net, 23 Jan. 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2013.
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760:, the term can include caring for a child for all or most of the day and on a regular or more formal basis, which would be described as
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money, including household chores and tutoring. Some women preferred hiring boys because they believed that they were more responsible.
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babysitting as a patriotic duty, encouraging girls to contribute to the war effort by caring for children. Organizations like the
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warned against hiring high school girls as babysitters, because of fears about their immaturity and lack of responsibility.
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From University of Florida/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Factors in choosing quality child care.
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criticized parent-employers for their treatment of babysitters. Babysitters were frequently underpaid or not paid at all.
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By 2019, nine states had enacted legislation granting labor rights to domestic workers. On July 15, 2019, U.S. Senator
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Miriam Forman-Brunell. Babysitter: An American History. New York University Press, June, 2009.from English dictionary
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Girls frequently found themselves underpaid, with boys often earning more for similar tasks. The feminist concept of
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offered training in childcare, and magazines like Calling All Girls praised babysitting as a vital wartime service.
733:. Thus the verb was derived from the agent noun rather than the other way around and represented a good example of
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The portrayal of teenage babysitters in popular culture further reinforced negative stereotypes. In stories like "
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Blanchard, Ray, et al. "Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V." Archives of sexual behavior 38.3 (2009): 335-350.
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The term "baby sitter" first appeared in 1937, while the verb form "baby-sit" was first recorded in 1947. The
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785:, is hired on a longer-term contract basis to look after a child regardless of the presence of the parents.
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295:. Babysitting can be a paid job for all ages; however, it is best known as a temporary activity for early
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America in the 1950s and 1960s, when small children were abundant. It stimulated an outpouring of
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passed in 1938, introduced minimum wage and overtime pay, but domestic workers were excluded.
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Additionally, Cook County passed a minimum wage law covering domestic workers.
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Greenwald, Ken. "Babysitting." Word Wizard. Google.com, Sept.-Oct. 2003. Web.
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is first recorded in 1937, ten years earlier than the first appearance of
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The field of babysitting experienced significant growth during the
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284:, a 1970s educational children's show, on the topic of babysitting
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991:"CAAM | Making Mammy: A Caricature of Black Womanhood, 1840–1940"
916:"The roots of our child care crisis are in the legacy of slavery"
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Despite women gaining the right to vote with the passage of the
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A guide to the business of babysitting in the United States
1021:"Exclusive: Babysitting rates surged nearly 10% last year"
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741:"sitting" on their eggs, thus "caring for" their chicks.
567:, advocating for wage and hour laws and inclusion in the
1076:"10 Interesting Facts About the Etymology of Babysitter"
621:
575:, which protects employees' rights to form unions. The
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Babysitting courses provided by the American Red Cross
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Currently, 20% of childcare workers are Black women.
410:, fostered by increasing high school attendance and
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519:sexual advances or harassment from male employers.
962:"History of Domestic Workers in the United States"
705:notes, "One normally would expect the agent noun
265:1895 painting of a nurse reading to a little girl
37:"Babysitter" redirects here. For other uses, see
1835:
551:In 1901, a group of domestic workers formed the
1689:(American 'crib' and 'cradle', British 'cot')
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1064:, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002, p. 103
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689:According to the caregiver-finding platform
596:Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
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636:National Domestic Workers Alliance (NDWA)
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1062:The American Heritage College Dictionary
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775:, a babysitter or nanny, known as an
628:Long Island Care at Home Ltd. v. Coke
622:State and federal laws (21st century)
437:Despite legislative efforts like the
1304:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
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703:American Heritage College Dictionary
663:Illinois Domestic Workers Coalition.
1019:Kingson, Jennifer A. (2023-02-10).
341:, and other unsuitable applicants.
24:
1082:. January 23, 2012. Archived from
914:Graves, Fatima Goss (2021-06-21).
878:"Toddler Developmental Milestones"
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647:International Labor Organization
626:In 2007, the Supreme Court case
439:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
213:Men in early childhood education
1239:Breastfeeding and mental health
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1033:from the original on 2023-02-10
1001:from the original on 2024-04-14
972:from the original on 2024-06-22
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884:from the original on 2016-10-20
865:Babysitter: An American History
640:Domestic Workers Bill of Rights
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659:Domestic Worker Bill of Rights
384:to care for younger children.
30:For the 2014 French film, see
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1:
1234:Breastfeeding and medications
1130:The dictionary definition of
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713:suffix to come from the verb
657:In 2016, Illinois passed the
494:The Bad Baby-Sitters Handbook
1796:Neonatal withdrawal syndrome
1417:Infant cognitive development
1314:Neonatal intensive care unit
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573:National Labor Relations Act
542:
532:The Beast and the Babysitter
418:on the phone while working.
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1720:Supplemental nursing system
553:Working Women's Association
39:Babysitter (disambiguation)
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1472:Prenatal development table
1412:Irritant diaper dermatitis
443:The American Home magazine
428:The American Girl magazine
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124:Early childhood education
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672:and U.S. Representative
577:Fair Labor Standards Act
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1806:Parental responsibility
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863:Miriam Forman-Brunell,
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488:End of the 20th century
203:Child Online Protection
1849:Child care occupations
1550:Grandparent visitation
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565:Domestic Workers Union
481:Children's Aid Society
414:, also played a role.
345:Babysitting and gender
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1309:Infant sleep training
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492:The introduction of "
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264:
1467:Prenatal development
1367:Attachment parenting
1341:Shaken baby syndrome
764:in British English.
538:Babysitting and race
363:Nineteenth Amendment
116:Educational settings
108:Pre-school playgroup
1781:Infant ear piercing
569:Social Security Act
27:Temporary childcare
1289:Infant food safety
1158:Quality Child Care
1086:on August 11, 2014
880:. NannySOS. 2016.
642:into law in 2010.
634:Also in 2007, the
616:Gone with the Wind
608:"mammy" stereotype
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586:"Mammy" stereotype
293:caring for a child
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32:Babysitting (film)
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1264:Failure to thrive
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473:Wellesley College
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563:established the
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1749:Other topics
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1655:Cradle board
1650:Cloth diaper
1610:Baby shampoo
1596:Baby monitor
1586:Baby bouncer
1540:Circumcision
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1387:Birth defect
1269:Immunization
1219:Birth weight
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1111:Bibliography
1099:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
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1060:"baby-sit",
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306:folk culture
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281:About Safety
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144:Kindergarten
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1761:Babywearing
1756:Baby shower
1730:Swim diaper
1620:Baby walker
1605:Baby powder
1545:Foster care
1513:Child abuse
1508:Babysitting
1360:Development
1346:Soy formula
1224:Breast pump
1145:YourChild:
1133:babysitting
1080:Babysitters
721:comes from
691:UrbanSitter
469:Girl Scouts
412:consumerism
314:pulp novels
289:Babysitting
193:Child abuse
18:Babysitters
1859:Caregiving
1838:Categories
1740:Travel cot
1685:Infant bed
1680:High chair
1670:Baby wipes
1665:Diaper bag
1630:Baby swing
1518:Child care
1503:Attachment
1392:Childbirth
1254:Cradle cap
1205:Pediatrics
1090:2015-07-19
1037:2023-02-10
1005:2024-05-06
976:2024-05-06
930:2024-05-06
888:2016-10-20
789:References
727:babysitter
707:babysitter
339:pedophiles
335:hebephiles
208:Family law
77:Babysitter
1816:Paternity
1725:Swaddling
1591:Baby gate
1570:Wet nurse
1560:Milk bank
1452:Parenting
1377:Baby talk
1329:Pedialyte
1259:Esotropia
1214:Baby food
709:with its
697:Etymology
559:In 1934,
297:teenagers
223:Parenting
218:Orphanage
139:Preschool
82:Governess
48:Childcare
1776:Cry room
1715:Stroller
1705:Pacifier
1640:Bassinet
1615:Baby toy
1477:Teething
1457:Peekaboo
1397:Crawling
1382:Babbling
1203:Health (
1031:Archived
999:Archived
970:Archived
924:Archived
920:The Hill
882:Archived
773:Pakistan
731:baby-sit
715:baby-sit
430:and the
302:suburban
1735:Teether
1710:Playpen
1487:Weaning
1482:Walking
1195:Infants
543:History
455:During
350:History
324:Overall
185:Related
103:Daycare
72:Au pair
62:Parents
54:At home
1660:Diaper
1447:Parent
1432:Mother
867:(2009)
316:, and
1565:Nanny
1249:Colic
1026:Axios
794:Notes
769:India
719:diver
717:, as
450:1940s
397:1930s
369:like
356:1920s
177:Minor
87:Nanny
1462:Play
1351:SIDS
778:ayah
771:and
739:hens
723:dive
680:Cost
606:The
471:and
373:and
1625:Bib
783:aya
781:or
767:In
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