1424:
the midst of the festivities
Ishmael slew the unsuspecting Gedaliah, the Chaldean garrison stationed in Mizpah, and all the Jews that were with him, casting their bodies into the pit of Asa (Josephus, "Ant." x. 9, § 4). The Rabbis condemn the overconfidence of Gedaliah, holding him responsible for the death of his followers (Niddah 61a; comp. Jer. xli. 9). Ishmael captured many of the inhabitants of Mizpah, as well as "the daughters of the king" entrusted to Gedaliah's care by the Babylonian general, and fled to Ammon. Johanan and his followers, however, on receiving the sad tidings, immediately pursued the murderers, overtaking them at the lake of Gibeon. The captives were rescued, but Ishmael and eight of his men escaped to the land of Ammon. The plan of Baalis thus succeeded, for the Jewish refugees, fearing lest the Babylonian king should hold them responsible for the murder, never returned to their native land. In spite of the exhortations of Jeremiah they fled to Egypt, joined by the remnant of the Jews that had survived, together with Jeremiah and Baruch (Jer. xliii. 6). The rule of Gedaliah lasted, according to tradition, only two months, although Grätz argues that it continued more than four years.
780:
70:
991:
341:
1718:
626:
290:
305:
2541:
1167:
ahash, king of
Ammonites would put hard pressure on the descendants of Gad and the descendants of Ruben and would gouge everyone's right eye out, but no res(cuer) would be provided for Israel and there was not left anyone among the children of Israel in the Tr(ans Jordan) whose right eye Nahash the
2250:
was one of the four men who pretended to be gods. He was persuaded thereto particularly by the princes, who said to him. "Wert thou not a god thou couldst not come out alive from the Holy of Holies" (Ex R. viii. 3). He was assassinated by two of his servants, one of whom was the son of an
Ammonite
1423:
through
Johanan, son of Kareah, and Johanan undertook to slay Ishmael before he had had time to carry out his evil design; but the governor disbelieved the report, and forbade Johanan to lay hands upon the conspirator. Ishmael and his ten companions were royally entertained at Gedaliah's table. In
1308:
The biblical narrative has traditionally been considered literal fact, but is now generally interpreted as recording a gross popular irony by which the
Israelites expressed their loathing of the morality of the Moabites and Ammonites. It has been doubted, however, whether the Israelites would have
1333:
had inflicted a crushing defeat upon the
Ammonites, Jewish warriors took Ammonite women as wives, and their sons, sword in hand, claimed recognition as Jews notwithstanding the law (Deut. 23) that "an Ammonite or a Moabite shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord." Such a condition or a
1393:
of kindness. Deut. 23:5: "Because they did not greet you with bread and water on the way when you left Egypt, and because he hired Balaam the son of Beor from Pethor in Aram
Naharaim against you, to curse you." Rashi notes regarding Israel's travels on the way: "when you were in extreme
1419:, "of the royal seed," to make an end of the Judean rule in Palestine, Ishmael, being an unscrupulous character, permitted himself to become the tool of the Ammonite king in order to realize his own ambition to become the ruler of the deserted land. Information of this conspiracy reached
1040:, dispossessing them and dwelling in their place. Their territory originally comprising all from the Jordan to the wilderness, and from the River Jabbok south to the River Arnon. It was accounted a land of giants; and that giants formerly dwelt in it, whom the Ammonites called Zamzummim.
1362:, the prophet, and his bet din (court of justice), that the law excluding the Ammonite and Moabite from the Jewish congregation referred only to the men—who alone had sinned in not meeting Israel with bread and water—and not to the women. The story reflects actual conditions in pre-
1389:, the Ammonitess, for honorable distinction. Ruth's kindness as noted in the Book of Ruth by Boaz is seen in the Jewish Tradition as in rare contradistinction to the peoples of Moab (where Ruth comes from) and Amon in general, who were noted by the Torah for their distinct
1289:. The men had married women of the various nations without conversion, which made the children not Jewish. They also joined the Syrians in their wars with the Maccabees and were defeated by Judas. The "sons of Ammon" would be subject to Israel during the time of the
1062:
Throughout the Bible, the
Ammonites and the Israelites are portrayed as mutual antagonists. During the Exodus, the Israelites were prohibited by the Ammonites from passing through their lands. This mistreatment is one of the reasons given for why the
1404:. He was assassinated by two of his servants, one of whom was the son of an Ammonite woman and the other the offspring of a Moabite (2 Chron. 24:26); for God said: "Let the descendants of the two ungrateful families chastise the ungrateful Joash" (
1530:
The economy, for the most part, was based on agriculture and herding. Most people lived in small villages surrounded by farms and pastures. Like its sister-kingdom of Moab, Ammon was the source of numerous natural resources, including
1124:, and were told by Nahash that they had a choice of death (by the sword) or having their right eyes gouged out. The population obtained seven days' grace from Nahash, during which they would be allowed to seek help from the
1059:. The Ammonites were driven from the rich lands near the Jordan and retreated to the mountains and valleys to the east. The invasion of the Amorites created a wedge and separated the two kingdoms of Ammon and Moab.
1168:
king of
Ammonites did not gouge out but be(hold) seven thousand men (escaped the power of) Ammonites and they arrived at (Ya)besh Gilead. About a month later Nahash the Ammonite went up and besieged Jabesh-Gilead.
1400:
was one of the four men who pretended to be gods. He was persuaded thereto particularly by the princes, who said to him. "Wert thou not a god thou couldst not come out alive from the Holy of Holies"
1255:. Their hostility to Judah is shown in their joining the Chaldeans to destroy it. Their cruelty is denounced by the prophet Amos and their destruction (with their return in the future) by
3586:
3581:
2612:
1300:
states that "Moab will assuredly be like Sodom, and the sons of Ammon like
Gomorrah—Ground overgrown with weeds and full of salt mines, and a permanent desolation." (Zephaniah 2:9).
1172:
This eventually led to an alliance with Saul. Under his command, the Israelites relieved the siege and defeated the Ammonite king, eventually resulting in the formation of the
1128:, after which they would have to submit to the terms of surrender. The occupants sought help from the people of Israel, sending messengers throughout the whole territory, and
1090:, the Ammonites occupied the lands east of the River Jordan and started to invade Israelite lands west of the river. Jephthah became the leader in resisting these incursions.
1187:, the capital of Ammon. The war ended with all the Ammonite cities being conquered and plundered, and the inhabitants being killed or put to forced labor at David's command.
1013:
with his younger daughter who plotted with her sister to intoxicate Lot and, in his inebriated state, have intercourse with him to become pregnant. Ben-Ammi literally means "
256:
2497:
2605:
929:, or suffered a rapid decline following Judah's destruction by that king. Newer evidence suggests that Ammon enjoyed continuity from the Neo-Babylonian to the
2344:
The other three were Pharaoh; Hiram and Nebuchadnezzar (Louis Ginzberg's The Legends of the Jews From Moses to Esther; Notes for Volumes Three and Four(p.423)
1621:
795:
The Ammonites occupied the northern Central Trans-Jordanian Plateau from the latter part of the second millennium BC to at least the second century AD.
933:
period of 550 to 330 BC. One reason includes Ammon becoming a Babylonian province, shortly after being devastated by Nebuchadnezzar II in the 580s BC.
1183:, the Ammonites humiliated David's messengers, and hired the Aramean armies to attack Israel. This eventually ended in a war and a year-long siege of
2598:
1093:
The constant harassment of the Israelite communities east of the Jordan by the Ammonites was the impetus behind the unification of the tribes under
1271:
was a dastardly act. They may have regained their old territory when Tiglath-pileser carried off the Israelites east of the Jordan into captivity.
1559:. As with the Edomites and Moabites, trade along this route gave them considerable revenue. Circa 950 BC Ammon showed rising prosperity, due to
1209:
When the Arameans of Damascus city-state deprived the Kingdom of Israel of their possessions east of the Jordan, the Ammonites became allies of
2370:
1236:
of Judah. The coalition later was thrown to confusion, with the armies slaughtering one another. They were subdued and paid tribute to Jotham.
1325:, presented a serious problem to the Pharisaic scribes because many marriages with Ammonite and Moabite wives had taken place in the days of
1006:
1733:
880:
2097:
1887:
654:
548:
1738:
802:(10th to 7th centuries BC) by paying tribute to the Assyrian kings at a time when that Empire raided or conquered nearby kingdoms. The
2518:
1415:
Baalis, king of the Ammonites, envious of the Jewish colony's prosperity, or jealous of the might of the Babylonian king, instigated
2585:
534:
69:
1686:
2530:
2507:
2476:
1794:
2077:
1159:, an introductory passage, preceding this narrative, was found in a copy of the Books of Samuel among the scrolls found in
2581:
2465:
Younker, Randall W. (1999). "Review of Archaeological Research in Ammon". In Burton MacDonald; Randall W. Younker (eds.).
1911:"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"
3258:
1652:"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"
1173:
3591:
3561:
3535:
1309:
directed such irony to Lot himself, particularly because incest was not explicitly forbidden or stigmatized until the
3571:
3566:
2393:
2066:
1881:
1663:
1625:
1598:
872:). An Assyrian tribute-list exists from this period, showing that Ammon paid one-fifth as much tribute as Judah did.
779:
1466:, for "work". The only other notable difference with Biblical Hebrew is the sporadic retention of feminine singular
1385:; but it was adduced as an illustration of divine Providence which selected the "two doves," Ruth, the Moabite, and
355:
1278:
to oppose Nehemiah, and their opposition to the Jews did not cease with the establishment of the latter in Judea.
1593:
647:
1629:
614:
609:
1941:
1370:: "Ammonite and Moabite men are excluded from the Jewish community for all time; their women are admissible."
2622:
1918:
1285:
because many marriages between Israelite men and Ammonite (and Moabite) women had taken place in the days of
940:, the Ammonites and their neighboring tribes are noted for having resisted the revival of Jewish power under
1132:, a herdsman at this time, responded by raising an army which decisively defeated Nahash and his cohorts at
925:(626 to 539 BC). This contradicts the view, dominant for decades, that Transjordan was either destroyed by
2590:
2021:
1651:
3479:
3253:
1540:
815:
589:
573:
391:
2434:"The Religion of the Ammonites: A Specimen of Levantine Religion from the Iron Age II (Ca. 1000–500 BC)"
1987:
2634:
1507:
640:
320:
3596:
1491:
594:
543:
529:
17:
2258:; for God said: "Let the descendants of the two ungrateful families chastise the ungrateful Joash" (
1021:, Lot's daughters' plot resulted in them conceiving and giving birth to Ammon and his half-brother,
1416:
1386:
1191:
2737:
2559:
1580:
1355:
937:
774:
553:
2213:
2128:
2117:
1779:"The City State of Jerusalem in the Neo-Babylonian Empire: Evidence from the Surrounding States"
2194:
1381:, was born of an Ammonite woman also made it difficult to maintain the messianic claims of the
1339:
1275:
703:
558:
38:
2554:
2333:
2089:
1871:
1321:
The Ammonites, still numerous in the south of Palestine in the second century CE according to
3283:
3231:
2880:
2263:
2183:
2172:
1778:
1487:
1409:
922:
915:
907:
538:
2846:
2466:
2224:
2209:
2161:
1723:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3355:
3349:
2895:
2762:
2353:
2235:
2198:
2139:
1121:
1056:
876:
487:
2410:
1567:, and built a series of fortresses. Its capital was located in what is now the Citadel of
982:(§ 119), in the second century CE; Justin affirms that they were still a numerous people.
8:
3418:
3380:
3226:
1443:
1338:, the legitimacy of David's claim to royalty was disputed on account of his descent from
1244:
1240:
1079:
960:
mentions in the 5th century BC as an Ammonite (ii. 19) from the east-Jordanian district.
843:
799:
212:
1116:, which lay outside the territory he laid claim to. Having subjected the occupants to a
3469:
2385:
2381:
1856:
1831:
1334:
similar incident is reflected in the story told in the Talmud that in the days of King
1290:
1018:
118:
2787:
2150:
3484:
3459:
3167:
2642:
2526:
2503:
2472:
2389:
2036:
1877:
1790:
1659:
1433:
1310:
1297:
930:
926:
807:
714:
671:
478:
473:
468:
422:
329:
104:
3576:
3494:
3464:
3438:
3268:
3046:
3009:
2445:
1823:
1682:
1455:
1451:
1397:
1214:
1148:
941:
895:
827:
498:
195:
108:
990:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3449:
2809:
2700:
1774:
1447:
1330:
1222:
1098:
945:
823:
694:
679:
604:
568:
493:
294:
186:
1873:
The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project
995:
921:
Archaeology and history indicate that Ammon flourished during the period of the
3556:
3530:
3430:
3263:
3020:
2930:
2890:
2870:
2722:
2662:
2550:
2255:
2247:
2055:
Qumran Cave 4 – XII, 1-2 Samuel (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series, XVII
1539:. It had a productive agricultural sector and occupied a vital place along the
1293:
1156:
1147:
of Nahash. A more complete explanation came to light with the discovery of the
1133:
1071:
1010:
964:
803:
563:
503:
463:
427:
2267:
3550:
3335:
3179:
2945:
2804:
2545:
2040:
2007:
1729:
1724:
1585:
1322:
1113:
1109:
1078:
of Moab in attacking Israel. The Ammonites maintained their claim to part of
975:
953:
899:
835:
788:
784:
630:
483:
458:
93:
2935:
1972:
1742:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 863–864.
340:
3434:
3426:
3147:
3141:
3015:
2998:
2974:
2905:
2841:
2652:
2620:
1503:
1382:
1213:, and a contingent of 1,000 of them served as allies of Syria in the great
1160:
1075:
1002:
891:
754:
718:
1139:
The strangely cruel terms given by Nahash for surrender were explained by
3298:
3209:
3199:
3055:
2984:
2915:
2910:
2742:
1848:
1787:
By the Irrigation Canals of Babylon: Approaches to the Study of the Exile
1782:
1560:
1548:
1506:
and material evidence. In general it appears to have been rather typical
1351:
1252:
1248:
1233:
906:; Hissalel reigned about 620 BC, and is mentioned in an inscription on a
851:
599:
524:
308:
2544: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2499:
The Ammonites: Elites, Empires, and Sociopolitical Change (1000–500 BCE)
2450:
2433:
2053:
Frank Moore Cross, Donald W. Parry, Richard J. Saley and Eugene Ulrich,
1442:, both from the Bible. The Ammonites' language is believed to be in the
1438:
The few Ammonite names that have been preserved also include Nahash and
3454:
3386:
3367:
3184:
2952:
2860:
2782:
2692:
2647:
1835:
1556:
1515:
1180:
1152:
1125:
1044:
1037:
862:
722:
519:
442:
417:
360:
3514:
3444:
3372:
3310:
3303:
3278:
3214:
3194:
3189:
3060:
3031:
2925:
2885:
2747:
1536:
1532:
1502:
Sources for what little is known of Ammonite religion are mostly the
1347:
1282:
1264:
1210:
831:
432:
401:
3103:
3079:
2411:"The Tell Siran inscription. Linguistic and historical implications"
1827:
1202:
as having borne a child. She was the mother of Solomon's successor,
1005:
is in Genesis 19:37-38. It is stated there that they descended from
886:) was among the tributaries who suffered in the course of the great
3401:
3361:
3173:
3159:
3003:
2963:
2957:
2711:
2705:
2657:
1852:
1519:
1420:
1374:
1326:
1286:
1268:
1256:
1203:
1140:
1087:
957:
903:
847:
437:
376:
261:
170:
83:
31:
1910:
1811:
289:
3489:
3288:
3120:
3089:
3027:
2979:
2900:
2836:
2772:
2767:
2727:
2717:
1378:
1367:
1260:
1195:
1048:
1029:
971:
in 63 BC, Ammon lost its distinct identity through assimilation.
304:
199:
1812:"Ammon in Transition from Vassal Kingdom to Babylonian Province"
1412:'s incest with his two daughters as described in Gen. 19:30–38.
3474:
3406:
3396:
3391:
3330:
3325:
3237:
3204:
3130:
3084:
3065:
2993:
2920:
2865:
2855:
2851:
2821:
2815:
2792:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2626:
1511:
1363:
1359:
1251:; but they submitted and they became tributary in the reign of
1247:, but had joined in the general uprising that took place under
1229:
1218:
1199:
1184:
1082:, after it was occupied by the Israelites who obtained it from
1033:
968:
949:
887:
839:
750:
746:
730:
726:
281:
146:
2010:
Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 14 April 2016
1028:
The Ammonites settled to the east of the Jordan, invading the
3340:
3320:
3315:
3293:
3219:
3125:
3113:
3108:
3073:
3050:
2969:
2940:
2875:
2831:
2777:
2757:
2259:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1544:
1439:
1405:
1343:
1117:
1083:
1064:
1052:
911:
819:
742:
298:
134:
2008:
Fenlon, John Francis. "Ammonites." The Catholic Encyclopedia
757:
as the gods of Ammon. The people of this kingdom are called
3587:
States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC
3273:
3248:
3097:
3041:
3036:
2826:
2799:
2752:
2732:
2672:
2252:
1366:
times, conditions that led to the fixed rule stated in the
1335:
1190:
According to both 1 Kings 14:21-31 and 2 Chronicles 12:13,
1129:
1094:
1022:
811:
396:
386:
3582:
States and territories established in the 10th century BC
3135:
944:
in the period 167 to 160 BC. The dynast Hyrcanus founded
2365:
Cohen, D, ed. (1988). "Les Langues Chamito-semitiques".
1486:
Inscriptions found in the Ammonite language include an
1329:(Neh. 13). Still later, it is not improbable that when
894:. Other kings attested to in contemporary sources are
2262:, Ex. 262). Moab and Ammon were the two offspring of
1838:– via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
1816:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1408:, Ex. 262). Moab and Ammon were the two offspring of
783:
Statue of an Ammonite deified King on display at the
1622:"Ancient Texts Relating to the Bible: Amman Citadel"
1313:, i.e. centuries after the time of Abraham and Lot.
974:
However, the last notice of the Ammonites occurs in
708:
1992:. Chevalier de Pierrugues. Chez tous les Libraries.
2367:Les langues dans le monde ancien et modern, part 3
1909:LaBianca, Oystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995).
1650:LaBianca, Øystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995).
1057:a large portion of the territory of Moab and Ammon
2578:. "Deuteronomy." Oxford University Press, London.
2266:'s incest with his two daughters as described in
1281:The Ammonites presented a serious problem to the
1067:forbids Jewish women from marrying Ammonite men.
3548:
2521:. In Keimer, Kyle H.; Pierce, George A. (eds.).
1773:
1908:
1649:
1619:
1194:was an Ammonite. She was the only wife of King
1643:
2606:
1939:
1869:
1112:. Nahash appears abruptly as the attacker of
648:
687:
311:was built by the governor of Ammon in 200 BC
224:• Rabbat Ammon renamed to Philadelphia
2582:Ammon on Bruce Gordon's Regnal Chronologies
2549:
1917:. Leicester University Press. p. 114.
1915:The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
1656:The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
1590:Ammon as a name used in the Book of Mormon
798:Ammon maintained its independence from the
2613:
2599:
2525:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 600–618.
1767:
1001:The first mention of the Ammonites in the
655:
641:
68:
2449:
2297:II Sam. xvii. 25; compare I Chron. ii. 17
2003:
2001:
1999:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1809:
1789:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 42–44.
1454:. Ammonite may have incorporated certain
791:and is thought to date to 8th century BC.
2375:
1985:
1728:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1677:
1675:
1303:
989:
778:
303:
288:
2516:
2464:
2251:woman and the other the offspring of a
1108: – 990 BC) lay siege to
1074:, the Ammonites allied themselves with
948:, and was a descendant of the Seleucid
14:
3549:
1996:
1960:
1870:Parker, Samuel; Betlyon, John (2006).
1683:"The Old Testament Kingdoms of Jordan"
1462:, instead of commoner Biblical Hebrew
1350:, girt with his sword, strode like an
1316:
74:Ammon and its neighbors, around 830 BC
2594:
2495:
2431:
2364:
2019:
1973:"www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Ammon"
1863:
1700:
1672:
1543:, the ancient trade route connecting
1243:they were generally tributary to the
1151:: although not present in either the
898:(attested to in several contemporary
27:Ancient Semitic kingdom in the Levant
2408:
733:. The chief city of the country was
2100:from the original on 13 August 2007
1902:
985:
846:of Assyria, and Sanipu's successor
698:
683:
182:• Kingdom of Ammon flourishes
24:
3536:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
2621:Ancient states and regions in the
2519:"Ammonites in the World of Israel"
2279:"Dialogus cum Tryphone," ch. cxix.
2022:"The Iniquities of Ammon and Moab"
1921:from the original on 9 August 2021
1890:from the original on 10 April 2023
1522:being the most prominent deities.
1358:, declaring upon the authority of
1120:, the population sought terms for
1032:lands east of Jordan, between the
994:David punishing the Ammonites, by
875:Somewhat later, the Ammonite king
830:in 853 BC, possibly as vassals of
717:kingdom occupying the east of the
25:
3608:
2568:
2553:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
2378:A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions
1626:University of Southern California
1599:Ammon (Book of Mormon missionary)
1458:influences, including the use of
1217:of the Arameans and Assyrians at
721:, between the torrent valleys of
2563:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2539:
2057:), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005
1716:
1274:Tobiah the Ammonite united with
908:bronze bottle found at Tel Siran
787:. The statue was found near the
624:
339:
254:
2489:
2458:
2425:
2402:
2358:
2347:
2338:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2288:Yeb. 76b, 77a; Ruth R. to ii. 5
2282:
2273:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2203:
2188:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2082:
2071:
2060:
2047:
2013:
1979:
1933:
1876:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 573.
1689:from the original on 6 May 2009
1594:Ammon (Book of Mormon explorer)
1481:
1294:according to the prophet Isaiah
1198:to be mentioned by name in the
867:
856:
1842:
1803:
1746:
1658:. A&C Black. p. 399.
1613:
1488:inscription on a bronze bottle
838:. In 734 BC the Ammonite king
810:'s army as fighting alongside
13:
1:
2334:Jewish encyclopedia Ammonites
1606:
1102:
1043:Shortly before the Israelite
918:, who reigned around 600 BC.
850:held the same position under
741:, site of the modern city of
57:
2788:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
2517:Younker, Randall W. (2022).
2354:Jewish Encyclopedia Gedallah
2020:Klein, Reuven Chaim (2015).
1756:pp. 141 et seq.; Delitzsch,
1490:dating to c. 600 BC and the
1228:The Ammonites, Moabites and
1017:". After the destruction of
549:Establishment of the Emirate
7:
2576:The Pentateuch and Haftoras
2523:The Ancient Israelite World
1574:
1497:
1427:
1232:formed a coalition against
1051:west of Jordan, under King
914:, along with his son, King
709:
688:
590:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
293:An Ammonite watch tower at
10:
3613:
1525:
1431:
1221:in 854 BC in the reign of
967:conquest of the Levant by
772:
768:
610:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
36:
29:
3592:Former monarchies of Asia
3562:Ancient history of Jordan
3523:
3417:
3158:
2691:
2633:
1986:Mirabeau, Honoré (1867).
1785:; Jill Middlemas (eds.).
1492:Amman Citadel Inscription
1417:Ishmael, son of Nathaniel
1342:, the Moabite; whereupon
277:
236:
232:
222:
209:
192:
180:
176:
166:
162:
152:
140:
128:
124:
114:
100:
89:
79:
67:
56:
46:
3572:Semitic-speaking peoples
3567:Ancient Israel and Judah
2496:Tyson, Craig W. (2014).
2432:Tyson, Craig W. (2019).
1946:Early Christian Writings
1913:. In Thomas Levy (ed.).
1810:Lipschits, Oded (2004).
1354:into the schoolhouse of
806:lists the Ammonite king
63: – 332 BC
30:Not to be confused with
2560:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2094:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1739:Encyclopædia Britannica
1581:List of rulers of Ammon
1508:for Levantine religions
1055:, invaded and occupied
938:First Book of Maccabees
834:, the Aramaean king of
775:List of rulers of Ammon
554:Trans-Jordan memorandum
3381:Luwian-Aramaean states
2029:Jewish Bible Quarterly
1942:"Dialogue with Trypho"
1654:. In Levy, Tom (ed.).
1170:
998:
792:
559:Emirate of Transjordan
312:
301:
130:• Around 1000 BC
61: 10th century BC
39:Ammon (disambiguation)
3232:Neo-Babylonian Empire
2816:Canaanite city-states
2471:. BRILL. p. 1–.
2376:Aufrecht, WE (1989).
1620:Marilyn J. Lundberg.
1446:, closely related to
1304:Modern interpretation
1165:
1086:. During the days of
993:
923:Neo-Babylonian Empire
782:
773:Further information:
307:
292:
101:Common languages
3515:Tanukhid confederacy
3350:New Kingdom of Egypt
2415:Journal for Semitics
2409:Smit, E. J. (1989).
1777:(18 February 2012).
1296:(Isaiah 11:14). The
1239:After submitting to
1179:During the reign of
980:Dialogue with Trypho
745:, Jordan's capital.
488:Kingdom of Jerusalem
443:Christian Ghassanids
37:For other uses, see
3227:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3010:Paleo-Syrian states
2451:10.3390/rel10030153
2315:I Kings, xiv. 21-31
1940:St. Justin Martyr.
1762:Geschichte Israels,
1317:Rabbinic literature
1291:Messiah's rulership
1245:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1241:Tiglath-Pileser III
936:In accounts in the
844:Tiglath-Pileser III
800:Neo-Assyrian Empire
512:Emirate and mandate
213:Alexander the Great
211:• Invasion by
3470:Herodian Tetrarchy
2574:Hertz J.H. (1936)
2555:"Ammon, Ammonites"
2386:Edwin Mellen Press
2382:Lewiston, New York
1857:Jewish Antiquities
1760:p. 294; Winckler,
1377:, the son of King
1267:. Their murder of
1019:Sodom and Gomorrah
999:
793:
313:
302:
154:• 680–640 BC
142:• 740–720 BC
119:Canaanite religion
3544:
3543:
3485:Nabataean Kingdom
3460:Hasmonean dynasty
3455:Ghassanid Kingdom
3168:Achaemenid Empire
3004:Ib'al Confederacy
2643:Kish civilization
2532:978-1-000-77324-8
2509:978-0-567-65544-8
2502:. A&C Black.
2478:978-90-04-10762-5
2214:1 Chronicles 5:26
2129:2 Chronicles 27:5
2118:2 Chronicles 20:1
2078:1 Chronicles 20:3
1796:978-0-567-19775-7
1434:Ammonite language
1311:Book of Leviticus
1298:book of Zephaniah
1174:Israelite kingdom
927:Nebuchadnezzar II
808:Baasha ben Ruhubi
759:Children of Ammon
753:are named in the
729:, in present-day
713:) was an ancient
707:
665:
664:
631:Jordan portal
582:Post-independence
479:Fatimid Caliphate
474:Abbasid Caliphate
469:Umayyad Caliphate
287:
286:
273:
272:
267:
266:
16:(Redirected from
3604:
3597:Canaanite people
3495:Palmyrene Empire
3465:Herodian kingdom
3439:Byzantine Empire
3254:Israel (Samaria)
2615:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2564:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2513:
2483:
2482:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2374:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2195:2 Kings 25:22–26
2192:
2186:
2184:Zephaniah 2:8–11
2181:
2175:
2173:Ezekiel 21:28–32
2170:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2026:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1867:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1775:Barstad, Hans M.
1771:
1765:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1628:. Archived from
1617:
1478:"high (fem.)".)
1444:Canaanite family
1403:
1149:Dead Sea Scrolls
1107:
1104:
1070:In the times of
1015:son of my people
986:Biblical account
942:Judas Maccabaeus
885:
882:
871:
869:
860:
858:
842:was a vassal of
828:Battle of Qarqar
715:Semitic-speaking
712:
702:
700:
691:
685:
657:
650:
643:
629:
628:
627:
615:2011–12 protests
499:Mamluk Sultanate
410:Classical period
343:
333:
315:
314:
258:
257:
251:
250:
238:
237:
196:Battle of Qarqar
72:
62:
59:
48:Kingdom of Ammon
44:
43:
21:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3519:
3510:Sasanian Empire
3505:Seleucid Empire
3500:Parthian Empire
3450:Emesene Dynasty
3413:
3259:Israel (united)
3174:Aramaean states
3154:
2701:Akkadian Empire
2687:
2629:
2619:
2571:
2551:Singer, Isidore
2540:
2533:
2510:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2430:
2426:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2230:
2225:Nehemiah 4:1–14
2223:
2219:
2208:
2204:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2162:Jeremiah 49:1–6
2160:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2006:
1997:
1989:Erotika Biblion
1984:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1868:
1864:
1847:
1843:
1828:10.2307/4150068
1808:
1804:
1797:
1772:
1768:
1751:
1747:
1732:, ed. (1911). "
1717:
1715:
1714:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1577:
1528:
1500:
1484:
1474:"cistern", but
1436:
1430:
1402:(Ex R. viii. 3)
1401:
1331:Judas Maccabeus
1319:
1306:
1223:Shalmaneser III
1105:
1099:Nahash of Ammon
988:
910:in present-day
883:
866:
855:
824:Shalmaneser III
822:allies against
777:
771:
661:
625:
623:
605:Black September
569:Adwan Rebellion
494:Ayyubid dynasty
369:Ancient history
331:
324:
295:Rujm Al-Malfouf
255:
225:
215:
202:
187:10th century BC
183:
155:
143:
131:
75:
60:
52:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3610:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3531:Amarna letters
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3431:Roman Republic
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2960:
2958:Hittite Empire
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2712:Amorite states
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2569:External links
2567:
2566:
2565:
2537:
2531:
2514:
2508:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2457:
2424:
2401:
2394:
2357:
2346:
2337:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2256:2 Chron. 24:26
2248:Joash of Judah
2239:
2236:Nehemiah 13:23
2228:
2217:
2202:
2199:Jeremiah 40:14
2187:
2176:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2081:
2070:
2067:2 Samuel 12:31
2059:
2046:
2012:
1995:
1978:
1959:
1932:
1901:
1882:
1862:
1841:
1802:
1795:
1766:
1752:See Schrader,
1745:
1730:Chisholm, Hugh
1699:
1671:
1664:
1642:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1541:King's Highway
1527:
1524:
1499:
1496:
1483:
1480:
1432:Main article:
1429:
1426:
1383:house of David
1318:
1315:
1305:
1302:
1157:masoretic text
1145:usual practice
987:
984:
884: 650 BC
870: 681–669
859: 705–681
804:Kurkh Monolith
770:
767:
663:
662:
660:
659:
652:
645:
637:
634:
633:
620:
619:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
564:Kura rebellion
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
532:
527:
522:
514:
513:
509:
508:
507:
506:
504:Ottoman Empire
501:
496:
491:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Jund al-Urdunn
461:
453:
452:
448:
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
428:Arabia Petraea
425:
420:
412:
411:
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
350:
349:
345:
344:
336:
335:
326:
325:
318:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
271:
270:
268:
265:
264:
259:
247:
246:
244:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
193:
190:
189:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
168:
167:Historical era
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
54:
53:
50:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3609:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3419:Classical Age
3416:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:Aram-Damascus
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:First Babylon
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2546:public domain
2538:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:Ancient Ammon
2461:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2421:(1): 108–117.
2420:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2395:0-88946-089-2
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2269:
2268:Gen. 19:30–38
2265:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2210:2 Kings 15:28
2206:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2035:(2): 93–100.
2034:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1975:. 2012-06-15.
1974:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1948:. Peter Kirby
1947:
1943:
1936:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1889:
1885:
1883:9780884022985
1879:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1725:public domain
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1665:9780718513887
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1632:on 2010-11-26
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1586:Abel-cheramim
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1394:exhaustion."
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:Justin Martyr
1314:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:as being the
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:Jabesh-Gilead
1111:
1110:Jabesh-Gilead
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
992:
983:
981:
977:
976:Justin Martyr
972:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
878:
873:
864:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
790:
789:Amman Citadel
786:
785:Jordan Museum
781:
776:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
705:
696:
692:
690:
681:
677:
673:
669:
658:
653:
651:
646:
644:
639:
638:
636:
635:
632:
622:
621:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
585:
581:
580:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
511:
510:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:Oultrejordain
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Bilad al-Sham
457:
456:
455:
454:
450:
449:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
413:
409:
408:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
373:
372:
368:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
347:
346:
342:
338:
337:
334:
328:
327:
322:
317:
316:
310:
306:
300:
296:
291:
283:
280:
278:Today part of
276:
269:
263:
260:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
235:
231:
227:
221:
217:
214:
208:
204:
201:
197:
191:
188:
185:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
133:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:Rabbath Ammon
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
71:
66:
55:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3435:Roman Empire
3427:Ancient Rome
3379:
3354:
3243:
3236:
3172:
3140:
3096:
3072:
3008:
2962:
2814:
2710:
2653:Chagar Bazar
2575:
2558:
2522:
2498:
2490:Bibliography
2467:
2460:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2349:
2340:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2306:Yeb. viii. 3
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2242:
2231:
2220:
2205:
2190:
2179:
2168:
2157:
2146:
2140:2 Kings 24:2
2135:
2124:
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2073:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2032:
2028:
2015:
1988:
1981:
1950:. Retrieved
1945:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1914:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1872:
1865:
1855:
1844:
1822:(1): 37–52.
1819:
1815:
1805:
1786:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1737:
1691:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:the original
1615:
1529:
1504:Hebrew Bible
1501:
1485:
1482:Inscriptions
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1437:
1414:
1396:
1390:
1372:
1320:
1307:
1280:
1273:
1238:
1227:
1208:
1189:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1144:
1138:
1092:
1069:
1061:
1042:
1027:
1014:
1003:Hebrew Bible
1000:
996:Gustave Doré
979:
973:
962:
935:
920:
916:Amminadab II
892:Assurbanipal
890:campaign of
874:
797:
794:
762:
758:
755:Hebrew Bible
739:Rabbat Ammon
738:
734:
719:Jordan River
686:
675:
667:
666:
574:Ikhwan raids
539:Arab Kingdom
381:
241:
198:against the
3200:Bit Bahiani
2985:Tell Hadidi
1849:1 Maccabees
1783:John J. Ahn
1561:agriculture
1549:Mesopotamia
1253:Esar-haddon
1249:Sennacherib
1234:Jehoshaphat
1106: 1010
1080:Transjordan
1009:, a son of
952:dynasty of
946:Qasr Al Abd
877:Amminadab I
852:Sennacherib
544:Interregnum
530:Sykes–Picot
525:Arab Revolt
451:Islamic era
361:Ghassulians
356:'Ain Ghazal
330:History of
309:Qasr Al Abd
242:Preceded by
158:Amminadab I
3551:Categories
3387:Carchemish
3368:Nabataeans
3185:Aram Rehob
2953:Carchemish
2763:Third Mari
2743:Third Ebla
2693:Bronze Age
2648:Tell Halaf
2635:Copper Age
2444:(3): 153.
2104:2007-08-05
1860:xii. 8. 1.
1693:2009-05-12
1636:2011-01-11
1607:References
1557:Asia Minor
1352:Ishmaelite
1181:King David
1153:Septuagint
1126:Israelites
863:Esarhaddon
520:Hashemites
423:Hasmoneans
418:Nabataeans
348:Prehistory
228:248–282 BC
3480:Macedonia
3445:Commagene
3373:Qedarites
3311:Phoenicia
3279:Philistia
3195:Bit Agusi
3190:Bit-Adini
3032:Tall Bazi
2926:Phoenicia
2896:Jerusalem
2748:Ekallatum
2584:(also at
2438:Religions
2369:. Paris:
2324:B. Ḳ. 38b
2151:Amos 1:13
2041:0792-3910
1851:5:6; cf.
1758:Paradies,
1734:Ammonites
1537:limestone
1533:sandstone
1348:Israelite
1283:Pharisees
1276:Sanballat
1265:Zephaniah
1211:Ben-hadad
1122:surrender
832:Hadadezer
763:Ammonites
704:romanized
674:: 𐤏𐤌𐤍
433:Tanukhids
402:Qedarites
200:Assyrians
115:Religion
18:Ammonians
3402:Palistin
3362:Itureans
3160:Iron Age
2964:Hurrians
2706:Alashiya
2658:Hamoukar
2098:Archived
1919:Archived
1888:Archived
1853:Josephus
1687:Archived
1575:See also
1520:moon god
1518:and the
1498:Religion
1428:Language
1421:Gedaliah
1375:Rehoboam
1364:Talmudic
1327:Nehemiah
1287:Nehemiah
1269:Gedaliah
1257:Jeremiah
1204:Rehoboam
1141:Josephus
1088:Jephthah
1049:Amorites
1007:Ben-Ammi
958:Nehemiah
904:Hissalel
896:Barachel
848:Pudu-ilu
836:Damascus
672:Ammonite
600:1967 War
595:1948 War
438:Salihids
377:Amorites
321:a series
319:Part of
262:Arameans
171:Iron Age
105:Ammonite
32:Amorites
3577:Vayeira
3524:Sources
3490:Osroene
3289:Ascalon
3264:Jericho
3142:Nuhašše
3090:Suteans
3028:Armanum
2980:Mitanni
2975:Nuhašše
2936:Shechem
2916:Megiddo
2911:Lakisha
2901:Kenites
2891:Jericho
2871:Dimasqu
2842:Aštartu
2837:Ascalon
2773:Palmyra
2728:Andarig
2718:Alalakh
2663:Jericho
2625:of the
2623:history
2548::
2253:Moabite
2090:"Naama"
1952:27 June
1925:16 June
1836:4150068
1764:p. 215.
1727::
1526:Economy
1510:, with
1470:(e.g.,
1456:Aramaic
1452:Moabite
1398:Jehoash
1379:Solomon
1368:Mishnah
1261:Ezekiel
1196:Solomon
1097:. King
1030:Rephaim
963:By the
956:, whom
931:Persian
888:Arabian
826:at the
769:History
706::
684:עַמּוֹן
194:•
109:Moabite
96:(Amman)
90:Capital
84:Kingdom
3475:Iturea
3407:Pattin
3397:Luhuti
3392:Kummuh
3331:Tartus
3284:Ashdod
3238:Canaan
3215:Sam'al
3210:Hamath
3205:Geshur
3131:Ugarit
3121:Tadmor
3104:ʿApiru
3085:Aḫlamū
3080:ʿApiru
3066:Tuttul
3021:Aleppo
2994:Naziba
2931:Qadesh
2921:Midian
2906:Kumidi
2881:Gibeon
2861:Beruta
2856:Hauran
2852:Bashan
2847:Azzati
2822:Amalek
2793:Yamhad
2783:Ṭābetu
2768:Mukish
2723:Amurru
2683:Urkesh
2678:Ugarit
2668:Byblos
2627:Levant
2529:
2506:
2475:
2392:
2039:
1894:3 July
1880:
1834:
1793:
1754:K.A.T.
1721:
1662:
1555:, and
1512:Milcom
1448:Hebrew
1387:Naamah
1360:Samuel
1346:, the
1263:; and
1230:Meunim
1219:Qarqar
1215:battle
1200:Tanakh
1192:Naamah
1185:Rabbah
1161:cave 4
1072:Judges
1047:, the
1045:Exodus
1034:Jabbok
969:Pompey
954:Tobiah
950:Tobiad
902:) and
861:) and
840:Sanipu
820:Syrian
816:Israel
751:Molech
747:Milcom
735:Rabbah
731:Jordan
727:Jabbok
710:ʻAmmūn
695:Arabic
689:ʻAmmōn
680:Hebrew
392:Israel
332:Jordan
323:on the
282:Jordan
218:332 BC
205:853 BC
147:Sanipu
80:Status
51:𐤏𐤌𐤍
3557:Ammon
3356:Arabs
3341:Sidon
3326:Gebal
3321:Arwad
3316:Amrit
3294:Ekron
3269:Judah
3244:Ammon
3220:Zobah
3126:Tunip
3114:Shutu
3109:Shasu
3074:Suhum
3061:Nagar
3051:Terqa
3047:Khana
2970:Urshu
2941:Sidon
2886:Hazor
2876:Gezer
2866:Gebal
2832:Arwad
2810:Barga
2778:Qatna
2758:Kurda
2260:Yalk.
2246:King
2025:(PDF)
1832:JSTOR
1781:. In
1569:Amman
1565:trade
1553:Syria
1547:with
1545:Egypt
1440:Hanun
1406:Yalk.
1373:That
1356:Jesse
1344:Ithra
1134:Bezek
1118:siege
1084:Sihon
1076:Eglon
1065:Torah
1053:Sihon
1038:Arnon
965:Roman
912:Amman
900:seals
743:Amman
723:Arnon
699:عمّون
676:ʻAmān
668:Ammon
382:Ammon
299:Amman
135:Hanun
3336:Tyre
3304:Gaza
3299:Gath
3274:Moab
3249:Edom
3148:Niya
3098:Amqu
3056:Mari
3042:Emar
3037:Ebla
3016:Armi
2999:Niya
2946:Tyre
2827:Arqa
2805:Aram
2800:Amqu
2753:Emar
2733:Apum
2673:Ebla
2527:ISBN
2504:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2371:CNRS
2037:ISSN
1954:2016
1927:2018
1896:2018
1878:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1563:and
1535:and
1450:and
1391:lack
1340:Ruth
1336:Saul
1130:Saul
1095:Saul
1036:and
1023:Moab
818:and
812:Ahab
749:and
725:and
537:and
535:OETA
397:Moab
387:Edom
3136:Upu
2446:doi
2264:Lot
1824:doi
1820:335
1736:".
1476:lyh
1472:šħt
1464:‘śh
1460:‘bd
1410:Lot
1155:or
1011:Lot
978:'s
881:fl.
814:of
761:or
737:or
297:in
3553::
3437:-
3433:-
2557:.
2442:10
2440:.
2436:.
2417:.
2413:.
2388:.
2384::
2380:.
2212:;
2197:;
2096:.
2092:.
2033:43
2031:.
2027:.
1998:^
1962:^
1944:.
1886:.
1830:.
1818:.
1814:.
1702:^
1685:.
1674:^
1624:.
1571:.
1551:,
1516:El
1514:,
1494:.
1468:-t
1259:;
1225:.
1206:.
1176:.
1163::
1136:.
1103:c.
1025:.
868:r.
857:r.
765:.
701:,
697::
693:;
682::
678:;
107:,
58:c.
3441:)
3429:(
3364:?
3049:/
3030:/
2854:/
2614:e
2607:t
2600:v
2587:)
2535:.
2512:.
2481:.
2454:.
2448::
2419:1
2398:.
2373:.
2270:.
2107:.
2043:.
1956:.
1929:.
1898:.
1826::
1799:.
1696:.
1668:.
1639:.
1101:(
879:(
865:(
854:(
670:(
656:e
649:t
642:v
490:)
486:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
