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industry to a foreign company and country; the living and working conditions of its
Iranian workers were extremely poor; it refused to allow Iranians a greater voice in the company's management; and it denied them the right to audit the company's books. The AIOC did, however, offer a few improvements: it guaranteed that its annual royalty payments would not drop below 4 million pounds; it would reduce the area where it would be allowed to drill; and it promised to train more Iranians for administrative jobs. Razmara asked Anglo-Iranian to revise some of the agreement terms, namely to allow Iranian auditors to review their financial activities, offer Iranians managerial jobs, and pay some of the royalties to the Iranian government in advance. The British refused and lost the opportunity.
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The Shah appointed
Hussein Ala to succeed Razmara as prime minister. This move was met by further assassinations, riots, and demonstrations throughout the country. Ala ultimately resigned his post as prime minister. The Shah opted to go with former Prime Minister Sayyid Ziya al-Din Tabatabai but the
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On 12 March 1951 the Majlis voted to nationalize Iran's oil. Not one Majlis member voted against the Act. A spectator in the gallery is reported to have shouted "Eight grains of gunpowder have brought this about." This was followed by a vote on 28 March to expropriate the AIOC properties at Abadan.
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At a public demonstration the following day attended by more than 8,000 Tudeh Party members and
National Front supporters, Fadayan-e Islam distributed leaflets carrying a threat to assassinate the Shah and other government officials if the assassin, Tahmassebi, was not set free immediately. Threats
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The nationalization of the oil industry was supported by the vast majority of the
Iranian public, who believed it would lead to prosperity for all. After a series of further assassinations of several more government ministers by their then ally Fadā'iyān-e Islam, Prime Minister Mossadegh and the
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was inaugurated on 26 June. He promoted a plan for decentralization of government together with decentralization of the seven-year plan for infrastructure development and improvement. His idea was to bring government to the people; an unheard-of idea in Iran. His plan called for setting up local
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deputies because it provided far less favorable terms than the
Venezuela agreement between Standard Oil of New Jersey and the Venezuelan government, or the agreement between the Arabian-American Oil Company and the Saudi Arabian government. In addition, it gave continuous control of Iran's oil
575:, the leader of the country's mullahs, ended his support for the Fadayan-e Islam after the assassination. Kashani then became closer to the National Front. On the other hand, the assassin, Tahmassebi, was freed by the Iranian Parliament in 1952, but then he was tried and executed in 1955.
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Razmara began trimming the government payrolls, eliminating a large number of officials out of a total of 187,000 civil servants. At one stroke he terminated nearly 400 high-placed officials. By so doing, Razmarra earned the wrath of the powerful land-owning and merchant families and most
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and the AIOC to the Shah. They wanted a stronger figure than
Razmara's predecessor, Prime Minister Mansur, to ensure the success of the Supplemental Agreement. "Only a man with fierce determination, they believed, would be strong enough to face down Mossadegh and the National Front."
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National Front were finally able to nationalize the oil and expel the AIOC. As this move dealt a severe blow to the monarchy as well as to
British interests in Iran, the US and Britain orchestrated the now well-known coup d'état in 1953, code-named
673:, removing Mossadegh as Prime Minister and convincing the Shah to appoint a Prime Minister of their choosing. Mohammad Reza Shah remained in power until the 1979 revolution, which led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic.
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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for a memorial service. The police opened a corridor through the inner courtyard for him. The assassin, in the crowd, fired three quick shots, fatally wounding the Prime
Minister. Khalil Tahmassebi, a member of the group
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councils in Iran's 84 districts to run local affairs such as health, education and agricultural programs. One of his most enduring achievements was the institution of the Point IV program via agreement with US President
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1090:"A Soviet View on the Assassination of the Iranian Prime Minister, Haj ʻAli Razmara, in the Context of the Early Years of the Cold War"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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Ali Razmara came closer than any other prime minister to ratifying the supplemental oil agreement between
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1011:– ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing – انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003).
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in 1901. His father, Mohammad Khan Razmara, was a military officer. He studied at the
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Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954
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at the age of 49. Razmara was the third Iranian prime minister to be assassinated.
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were also issued against any Majlis member who opposed oil nationalization.
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Fariborz Mokhtari (2016). "Review: Iran's 1953 Coup: Revisiting Mosaddeq".
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Majlis, led by the National Front, voted Mohammed Mossadegh to the post.
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All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror
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Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Sepehr Zabih (September 1982). "Aspects of Terrorism in Iran".
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meeting in Egypt, declared that he himself had killed Razmara.
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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present
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Razmara married Anvar ol Molouk Hedayat who was a sister of
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conservatives without gaining the confidence of the radical
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The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
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earned him the wrath of the small but powerful group of
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a machine-translated version of the Persian article.
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Iranian Prime Minister (1950–51) and military leader
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47:expand this article with text translated from
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1034:(Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1994).
898:(PhD Thesis thesis). University of Michigan.
2159:People assassinated by the Fada'iyan-e Islam
2144:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
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1003:'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى),
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590:Effects on Iranian government
560:, was arrested at the scene.
304:Imperial Iranian Armed Forces
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270:Anvar ol-Molouk Hedayat
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119:For more guidance, see
1727:Post abolished in 1989
1193:Prime Minister of Iran
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261:Imperial State of Iran
213:Khalil Fahimi (Acting)
169:Prime Minister of Iran
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121:Knowledge:Translation
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391:Razmara was born in
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157:Razmara in uniform.
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1161:Imperial Army
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1068:0-471-26517-9
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1054:0-231-10819-2
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:0-8156-2642-8
1037:
1033:
1030:Mostafa Elm,
1029:
1026:
1025:964-93406-5-3
1022:
1018:
1017:964-93406-6-1
1014:
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904:2027.42/64683
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831:Kinzer, p. 72
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711:
709:
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698:
690:
688:
684:
677:Personal life
674:
672:
666:
662:
652:
649:
641:
638:December 2011
631:
627:
623:
617:
616:
612:
607:This section
605:
601:
596:
595:
587:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
565:
561:
559:
554:
547:Assassination
544:
541:
536:
533:
529:
525:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:expropriation
489:
483:
481:
476:
473:in 1950. His
472:
461:
458:
450:
440:
436:
430:
429:
424:This section
422:
418:
413:
412:
404:
402:
398:
394:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
352:
343:
339:
335:
326:
323:
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293:
290:
287:
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269:
265:
262:
258:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:30 March 1901
233:
229:
224:
220:
217:
212:
206:
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188:
184:
178:
173:
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137:
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122:
118:
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107:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
64:
58:
52:
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
1882:
1858:
1842:
1726:
1717:Mahdavi Kani
1699:(since 1979)
1653:Sharif-Emami
1623:Sharif-Emami
1576:
1454:Pahlavi Iran
1364:Farman Farma
1203:Hossein Ala'
1191:
1158:
1097:
1093:
1073:
1059:
1045:
1031:
1008:
1004:
954:
947:
922:
918:
912:
894:
849:
845:
827:
819:
814:
786:
779:
760:
754:
744:
720:
716:Abbas Milani
680:
667:
663:
659:
644:
635:
620:Please help
608:
580:Navab Safavi
577:
566:
562:
550:
537:
521:
484:
480:Harry Truman
468:
453:
444:
433:Please help
428:verification
425:
390:
366:
337:
333:
332:
252:(1951-03-07)
250:7 March 1951
216:Hossein Ala'
209:Succeeded by
176:
133:
96:edit summary
87:
56:(April 2017)
54:
46:
2124:1951 deaths
2119:1901 births
2068:(1998–2000)
1899:Yazdanpanah
1827:Yazdanpanah
1458:(1925–1979)
1274:(1907–1925)
1136:Ali Razmara
553:Shah Mosque
488:Tudeh Party
403:in France.
377:Shah Mosque
334:Ali Razmara
197:Preceded by
18:Ali Razmara
2113:Categories
2019:Zahirnejad
1971:Gharabaghi
1414:Tabatabaee
1369:Tonekaboni
1329:Tonekaboni
1319:Tonekaboni
1270:Qajar Iran
1197:1950–1951
1186:Ali Mansur
1165:1942–1950
1019:(Vol. 1),
997:References
925:(2): 118.
763:(2): 328.
447:April 2017
300:Allegiance
284:Alma mater
202:Ali Mansur
51:in Persian
2084:(2005–17)
2076:(2000–05)
2038:(1988–98)
2030:(1984–88)
2022:(1981–84)
2014:(1980–81)
1974:(1978–79)
1966:(1971–78)
1958:(1969–71)
1950:(1965–69)
1942:(1961–65)
1934:(1955–61)
1926:(1953–55)
1910:(1952–53)
1907:Baharmast
1894:(1950–52)
1886:(1946–50)
1870:(1944–46)
1854:(1943–44)
1838:(1942–43)
1830:(1941–42)
1822:(1934–41)
1814:(1927–34)
1811:Nakhjavan
1806:(1926–27)
1798:(1925–26)
1795:Jahanbani
1648:Amouzegar
1638:H. Mansur
1603:Mosaddegh
1593:Mosaddegh
1572:A. Mansur
1497:A. Mansur
1444:Reza Khan
1116:256789628
1027:(Vol. 2).
986:187523435
939:185086482
874:145391253
852:: 84–94.
609:does not
401:Saint-Cyr
351:romanized
313:1927–1950
177:In office
167:28rd
114:talk page
2065:Shahbazi
2035:Shahbazi
2003:Shadmehr
1819:Zarghami
1803:Sheibani
1685:Bazargan
1663:Bakhtiar
1502:Foroughi
1482:Foroughi
1472:Mostowfi
1466:Foroughi
1434:Mostowfi
1389:Mostowfi
1359:Mostowfi
1344:Mostowfi
1324:Mostowfi
958:. Cham:
718:(2008).
578:In 1954
526:and the
471:the Shah
275:Children
90:provide
2089:Mousavi
2027:Sohrabi
2011:Fallahi
1979:Gharani
1931:Hedayat
1883:Razmara
1875:Aghevli
1859:Razmara
1843:Razmara
1738:*Acting
1722:Mousavi
1712:Bahonar
1643:Hoveyda
1577:Razmara
1517:Soheili
1507:Soheili
1477:Hedayat
866:1043613
630:removed
615:sources
475:cabinet
371:of the
353::
342:Persian
186:Monarch
112:to the
94:in the
53:.
2081:Salehi
2073:Salimi
2006:(1980)
1998:(1979)
1995:Shaker
1990:(1979)
1987:Farbod
1982:(1979)
1963:Azhari
1947:Aryana
1939:Hejazi
1918:(1953)
1902:(1952)
1891:Garzan
1878:(1946)
1862:(1944)
1846:(1943)
1677:(1979)
1658:Azhari
1618:Eghbal
1608:Zahedi
1582:Fahimi
1562:Hazhir
1557:Hakimi
1552:Hekmat
1542:Hakimi
1532:Hakimi
1439:Pirnia
1424:Pirnia
1404:Pirnia
1399:Vosugh
1374:Vosugh
1349:Pirnia
1288:Atabak
1282:Afkham
1114:
1066:
1052:
1038:
1023:
1015:
984:
974:
937:
872:
864:
802:
732:
500:Majlis
496:Abadan
407:Career
393:Tehran
381:Tehran
267:Spouse
257:Tehran
237:Tehran
141:Timsar
1915:Riahi
1867:Arfaʿ
1851:Riazi
1835:Arfaʿ
1707:Rajai
1628:Amini
1598:Qavam
1567:Sa'ed
1547:Qavam
1527:Bayat
1522:Sa'ed
1512:Qavam
1429:Qavam
1419:Qavam
1112:S2CID
982:S2CID
935:S2CID
870:S2CID
862:JSTOR
693:Notes
687:SAVAK
74:DeepL
1955:Djam
1633:Alam
1613:Ala'
1588:Ala'
1537:Sadr
1487:Djam
1260:list
1064:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1021:ISBN
1013:ISBN
972:ISBN
800:ISBN
730:ISBN
613:any
611:cite
524:Iran
362:Iran
318:Rank
247:Died
231:Born
88:must
86:You
67:View
1102:doi
964:doi
927:doi
900:hdl
854:doi
850:463
792:doi
765:doi
624:by
437:by
399:of
379:in
76:or
2115::
1110:.
1098:56
1096:.
1092:.
980:.
970:.
933:.
921:.
882:^
868:.
860:.
848:.
836:^
798:.
761:58
759:.
753:.
701:^
514:.
482:.
364:.
348:,
344::
259:,
239:,
1770:e
1763:t
1756:v
1584:*
1468:*
1315:*
1284:*
1262:)
1258:(
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
1118:.
1104::
1007:(
988:.
966::
941:.
929::
923:7
906:.
902::
876:.
856::
808:.
794::
773:.
767::
738:.
651:)
645:(
640:)
636:(
632:.
618:.
460:)
454:(
449:)
445:(
431:.
340:(
278:5
123:.
116:.
20:)
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