244:
206:
become more sophisticated. Many automatic mutators and accessors eventually get replaced by separate blocks of code. The benefit of automatically creating them in the early days of the implementation is that the public interface of the class remains identical whether or not greater sophistication is
132:
other than private and access it directly from outside the objects. Much finer control of access rights can be defined using mutators and accessors. For example, a parameter may be made read-only simply by defining an accessor but not a mutator. The visibility of the two methods may be different; it
214:
the class where they are defined often requires some additional thought. In the early days of an implementation, when there is little or no additional code in these blocks, it makes no difference if the private instance variable is accessed directly or not. As validation,
89:
to the variable to be modified is passed to the mutator, along with the new value. In this scenario, the compiler cannot restrict code from bypassing the mutator method and changing the variable directly. The responsibility falls to the
70:
are made private to hide and protect them from other code, and can only be modified by a public member function (the mutator method), which takes the desired new value as a parameter, optionally validates it, and modifies the private
4603:, the object system is a way to organize code that comes in addition to modules and units. As in the rest of the language, the object system has first-class values and lexical scope is used to control access to objects and methods.
194:. In these cases, no code blocks are created for validation, preprocessing or synthesis. These simplified accessors still retain the advantage of encapsulation over simple public instance variables, but it is common that, as
144:
or preprocessing of incoming data. If all external access is guaranteed to come through the mutator, then these steps cannot be bypassed. For example, if a date is represented by separate private
5390:
In VB.NET 2010, Auto
Implemented properties can be utilized to create a property without having to use the Get and Set syntax. Note that a hidden variable is created by the compiler, called
171:
Accessors conversely allow for synthesis of useful data representations from internal variables while keeping their structure encapsulated and hidden from outside modules. A monetary
1625:
member. Unlike Java, no explicit methods are defined; a public 'property' contains the logic to handle the actions. Note use of the built-in (undeclared) variable
230:
Accessor functions can be less efficient than directly fetching or storing data fields due to the extra steps involved, however such functions are often
5476:
5616:
4889:
may be used both to declare a private variable in a class and to provide either read-only or read-write public access to it respectively.
1726:
In later C# versions (.NET Framework 3.5 and above), this example may be abbreviated as follows, without declaring the private variable
5285:
This example illustrates the VB.NET idea of properties, which are used in classes. Similar to C#, there is an explicit use of the
2211:
supports a getter and setter function syntax. In version 2 of the language getter and setter class/struct methods should have the
1860:
options (even multiple times) to define reader methods, setter methods and accessor methods (a reader method and the respective
5670:
4784:
Struct definitions are an alternative way to define new types of values, with mutators being present when explicitly required:
1779:
Using the abbreviated syntax means that the underlying variable is no longer available from inside the class. As a result, the
2412:
This is a simple class in Delphi language which illustrates the concept of public property for accessing a private field.
1880:
1883:
extension specifies means to access a slot's reader and writer function names, including the ones generated with the
59:
17:
5502:
133:
is often useful for the accessor to be public while the mutator remains protected, package-private or internal.
1614:
86:
4600:
1890:
The following example shows a definition of a student class using these slot options and direct slot access:
216:
76:
4892:
Defining individual accessor and mutator methods creates space for pre-processing or validation of the data
2606:
is private, i.e. only visible from the
Student class, and the "setter" and "getter" are public, namely the "
5480:
5402:
would result in an error. Privileged access to the underlying variable is available from within the class.
4176:
is private, i.e. only visible from the
Student class, and the "setter" and "getter" is public, namely the
175:
accessor may build a string from a numeric variable with the number of decimal places defined by a hidden
4878:
55:
227:
may appear where some internal access makes use of the newer code while in other places it is bypassed.
195:
5516:
1845:
36:
3495:
4166:
2596:
2208:
1622:
67:
5536:
1618:
5445:
4170:
3490:
Using traditional
Objective-C 1.0 syntax, with manual reference counting as the one working on
2600:
121:
98:
63:
5640:
94:
to ensure the variable is only modified through the mutator method and not modified directly.
47:, which returns the value of the private member variable. They are also known collectively as
5450:
4881:, individual accessor and mutator methods may be defined, or the metaprogramming constructs
199:
79:
4075:# Moose uses the attribute name as the setter and getter, the reader and writer properties
8:
5556:
4078:# allow us to override that and provide our own names, in this case get_name and set_name
137:
2141:;; The slot accessing options generate methods, thus allowing further method definitions
1783:
portion of the property must be present for assignment. Access can be restricted with a
5150:" Set the receiver age to be aNumber if is greater than 0 and less than 150 "
129:
91:
85:
Mutator methods may also be used in non-object-oriented environments. In this case, a
125:
109:
5455:
183:
28:
1864:
method). Slots are always directly accessible through their names with the use of
160:
mutator while for consistency the same private instance variables are accessed by
231:
141:
105:
72:
168:. In all cases month values outside of 1 - 12 can be rejected by the same code.
220:
203:
101:
offer a convenient alternative without giving up the utility of encapsulation.
5664:
3681:
4328:
This example uses a Python class with one variable, a getter, and a setter.
2723:
is used to create objects representing a student with only the name stored.
4049:
224:
2174:;; You could also check if a student with the new-number already exists.
82:
but they typically appear at different levels of the object hierarchy.
1848:, slot specifications within class definitions may specify any of the
186:
for mutators and accessors in a single line—as for example C#'s
3767:
243:
182:
Modern programming languages often offer the ability to generate the
39:
used to control changes to a variable. They are also widely known as
2048:;; Example of direct slot access within a calculated property setter
1997:;; Example of a calculated property getter (this is simply a method)
1872:, and the slot accessor options define specialized methods that use
104:
In the examples below, a fully implemented mutator method can also
4169:
representing a student with only the name stored, one can see the
2599:
representing a student with only the name stored, one can see the
5576:
3491:
2841:
Or (using a deprecated way to define accessors in Web browsers):
210:
Manipulation of parameters that have mutators and accessors from
5596:
223:
checks, preprocessing or other sophistication is added, subtle
3775:
3771:
3689:
3685:
120:
The alternative to defining mutator and accessor methods, or
108:
the input data or take further action such as triggering an
2969:
140:
where the mutator is defined provides an opportunity for
5617:"Object.prototype.__defineGetter__() - JavaScript | MDN"
1879:
CLOS itself has no notion of properties, although the
4381:# An instance variable to hold the student's name
207:
added, requiring no extensive refactoring if it is.
5549:
156:variables, then incoming dates can be split by the
3692:3.2, generating the same code as described above:
234:which eliminates the overhead of a function call.
5529:
2378:// same effect as student.name("David")
5662:
5398:. Using another variable within the class named
3680:Using newer Objective-C 2.0 syntax as used in
5474:
97:In programming languages that support them,
43:methods. Often a setter is accompanied by a
5503:"Run Time Efficiency of Accessor Functions"
4973:Read-write simple public access to implied
3778:4.4 and up, syntax can be even simplified:
4947:Read-only simple public access to implied
4261:* @param string $ newName The name to set.
2968:Or (using prototypes for inheritance and
54:The mutator method is most often used in
5509:
5500:
2483:/// Get or set the name of the student.
14:
5663:
62:. According to this principle, member
2719:In this example constructor-function
75:. Mutator methods can be compared to
5577:"Functions - D Programming Language"
5280:
3832://Nothing goes here and it's OK.
3347:
1661:/// Gets or sets student's name
58:, in keeping with the principle of
24:
5394:, to correspond with the Property
25:
5682:
5477:"Automatic Properties in C# 3.0"
4154:PHP defines the "magic methods"
2402:// same effect as student.name()
2337:instance can be used like this:
242:
188:public string Name { get; set; }
3102:Or (without using prototypes):
1934:; student-name is setf'able
115:
5633:
5609:
5589:
5569:
5494:
5468:
3485:
1839:
1621:, which are a special type of
13:
1:
5671:Method (computer programming)
5537:"CLHS: 7.5.2 Accessing Slots"
5461:
2714:
1613:This example illustrates the
202:and requirements change, the
5137:
4165:In this example of a simple
2595:In this example of a simple
7:
5641:"PHP: Overloading - Manual"
5439:
4162:for properties of objects.
3193:Or (using defineProperty):
1787:-specific access modifier.
1144:"%s's new age = %i
1075:"%s's old age = %i
249:
237:
56:object-oriented programming
10:
5687:
4213:* @return string The name.
3984:Or, using Class::Accessor
4743:; => "Alice"
4594:
4323:
2407:
1846:Common Lisp Object System
5404:
5295:
5179:
5175:
5141:
5003:
4979:
4953:
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4786:
4605:
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1789:
1732:
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1444:
1299:
1196:
961:
585:
413:
278:
253:
5557:"MOP: Slot Definitions"
4999:
4872:
4867:; => "Bob"
4779:; => "Bob"
3840:
2590:
196:system designs progress
124:blocks, is to give the
5517:"CLHS: Macro DEFCLASS"
5501:Tim Lee (1998-07-13).
5475:Stephen Fuqua (2009).
5446:Property (programming)
4149:
1292:
431:/* opaque structure */
5621:developer.mozilla.org
5451:Indexer (programming)
1608:
1450:"Student.h"
1442:In file Student.cpp:
973:"student.h"
603:"student.h"
4016:follow_best_practice
2486:/// </summary>
2203:
1664:/// </summary>
1225:; ./$ < > $ @
406:
80:operator overloading
4586:# bypass the getter
4571:# bypass the setter
4568:"Charlie"
4050:Moose Object System
4004:qw(Class::Accessor)
2480:/// <summary>
1881:MetaObject Protocol
1658:/// <summary>
1297:In file Student.h:
1018:"Maurice"
583:In file student.c:
411:In file student.h:
204:demands on the data
192:attr_accessor :name
4135:'set_name'
4123:'get_name'
3766:And starting with
2972:accessor syntax):
2150:set-student-number
2123:get-universal-time
2030:get-universal-time
1991:set-student-number
1194:In file Makefile:
419:#define _STUDENT_H
416:#ifndef _STUDENT_H
198:, the software is
5281:Visual Basic .NET
4843:set-student-name!
4834:"Alice"
4535:"Alice"
2372:"David"
2039:student-birthdate
1958:student-birthdate
1305:#define STUDENT_H
1302:#ifndef STUDENT_H
126:instance variable
16:(Redirected from
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959:In file main.c:
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597:<string.h>
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217:cross-validation
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29:computer science
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4849:"Bob"
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4432:# Setter method
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4399:# Getter method
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1126:student_get_age
1125:
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1099:student_set_age
1098:
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1057:student_get_age
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967:<stdio.h>
966:
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873:student_get_age
872:
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833:
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819:student_set_age
818:
815:
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541:
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536:student_get_age
535:
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506:student_set_age
505:
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398:student_set_age
397:
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364:
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334:
332:student_set_age
331:
328:
326:student_get_age
325:
322:
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316:
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307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
284:student_get_age
283:
280:
277:
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273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
240:
191:
187:
176:
172:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
118:
73:member variable
23:
22:
18:Accessor method
15:
12:
11:
5:
5684:
5674:
5673:
5657:
5656:
5632:
5608:
5588:
5568:
5548:
5528:
5508:
5493:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5438:
5405:
5296:
5282:
5279:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4980:
4954:
4895:
4874:
4871:
4787:
4606:
4596:
4593:
4482:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4187:
4151:
4148:
4084:'name'
4055:
4048:Or, using the
3987:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3781:
3774:, while using
3695:
3501:
3487:
3484:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3258:'name'
3240:defineProperty
3196:
3105:
2975:
2927:'name'
2888:'name'
2844:
2726:
2716:
2713:
2617:
2592:
2589:
2525:implementation
2415:
2409:
2406:
2340:
2218:
2205:
2202:
1985:student-number
1893:
1841:
1838:
1790:
1733:
1632:
1610:
1607:
1445:
1311:<string>
1300:
1294:
1291:
1197:
1168:student_delete
962:
762:student_delete
586:
485:student_delete
414:
408:
405:
279:
254:
251:
248:
239:
236:
221:data integrity
117:
114:
33:mutator method
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5683:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5598:
5597:"The D Style"
5592:
5578:
5572:
5558:
5552:
5538:
5532:
5518:
5512:
5504:
5497:
5483:on 2011-05-13
5482:
5478:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5403:
5294:
4988:attr_accessor
4978:
4952:
4893:
4890:
4887:attr_accessor
4880:
4785:
4668:define/public
4647:define/public
4604:
4602:
4574:>>>
4553:>>>
4538:>>>
4520:>>>
4505:>>>
4484:>>>
4342:# Initializer
4329:
4185:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4111:'Str'
4053:
4051:
3985:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3682:Mac OS X 10.6
3499:
3497:
3493:
3194:
3103:
2973:
2971:
2842:
2724:
2615:
2612:setName(name)
2605:
2602:
2598:
2413:
2338:
2216:
2210:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1847:
1788:
1731:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1443:
1298:
1195:
960:
584:
412:
247:
245:
235:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
185:
180:
169:
143:
139:
134:
131:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
102:
100:
95:
93:
88:
83:
81:
78:
74:
69:
65:
61:
60:encapsulation
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
5648:. Retrieved
5644:
5635:
5624:. Retrieved
5620:
5611:
5600:. Retrieved
5591:
5580:. Retrieved
5571:
5560:. Retrieved
5551:
5540:. Retrieved
5531:
5520:. Retrieved
5511:
5496:
5485:. Retrieved
5481:the original
5470:
5389:
5284:
5209:""
4972:
4946:
4891:
4876:
4858:student-name
4783:
4598:
4327:
4173:
4164:
4153:
4099:'rw'
4047:
4028:mk_accessors
3983:
3765:
3679:
3496:Ubuntu 12.04
3489:
3192:
3101:
2967:
2840:
2718:
2603:
2594:
2411:
2384:student_name
2332:
2207:
1928:student-name
1922:""
1889:
1878:
1843:
1778:
1725:
1612:
1441:
1296:
1193:
958:
582:
410:
241:
229:
211:
209:
181:
170:
135:
119:
116:Implications
103:
96:
84:
53:
48:
44:
40:
32:
26:
5645:www.php.net
4962:attr_reader
4883:attr_reader
4010:__PACKAGE__
3746:@synthesize
3486:Objective-C
2614:" methods.
2215:attribute.
2063:student-age
2006:student-age
1840:Common Lisp
1006:student_new
645:student_new
455:student_new
386:student.age
320:student.age
190:and Ruby's
184:boilerplate
179:parameter.
5650:2021-07-06
5626:2021-07-06
5602:2013-02-01
5582:2013-01-13
5562:2011-03-29
5542:2011-03-29
5522:2011-03-29
5487:2009-10-19
5462:References
5293:methods.
4635:init-field
3783:@interface
3697:@interface
3503:@interface
2715:JavaScript
2183:new-number
2180:check-type
2159:new-number
2090:with-slots
1946::birthdate
1874:slot-value
1870:slot-value
1866:with-slots
1619:properties
200:maintained
142:validation
130:visibility
99:properties
92:developers
77:assignment
5168:)
5138:Smalltalk
4977:variable
4951:variable
4813:#:mutable
4755:set-name!
4701:super-new
4674:set-name!
4402:@property
4309:$ newName
4282:$ newName
4184:methods.
4178:getName()
3799:nonatomic
3793:@property
3768:OS X 10.8
3713:nonatomic
3707:@property
3252:prototype
3019:prototype
2608:getName()
2528:procedure
2450:procedure
2417:interface
2280:@property
2277:// Setter
2244:@property
2241:// Getter
2213:@property
2147:defmethod
2111:birthdate
2096:birthdate
2054:defmethod
2003:defmethod
1976::initform
1949::initform
1940:birthdate
1925::accessor
1919::initform
1885::accessor
1858::accessor
173:getAmount
87:reference
64:variables
49:accessors
5665:Category
5440:See also
5419:Property
5379:Property
5322:Property
5266:newValue
5157:between:
5083:name_mut
4773:get-name
4737:get-name
4722:student%
4692:new-name
4677:new-name
4653:get-name
4620:student%
4477:new_name
4459:new_name
4348:__init__
4270:function
4222:function
4171:variable
4034:qw(name)
3934:get_name
3883:set_name
3811:NSString
3790:NSObject
3788: :
3725:NSString
3704:NSObject
3702: :
3645:NSString
3639:setName:
3600:NSString
3570:NSString
3564:setName:
3537:NSString
3516:NSString
3510:NSObject
3508: :
3429:function
3393:function
3306:function
3273:function
3198:function
2977:function
2933:function
2894:function
2846:function
2806:function
2773:function
2728:function
2601:variable
2531:TStudent
2489:property
2423:TStudent
1970::initarg
1943::initarg
1913::initarg
1898:defclass
1887:option.
1617:idea of
1447:#include
1308:#include
970:#include
964:#include
600:#include
594:#include
588:#include
250:Assembly
238:Examples
177:currency
166:setMonth
122:property
106:validate
5413:Student
5307:Private
5304:Student
5191:private
5185:Student
5170:ifTrue:
5154:aNumber
5147:aNumber
5031:Student
5009:Student
4985:Student
4959:Student
4900:Student
4831:student
4801:student
4629:object%
4589:Charlie
4493:Student
4336:Student
4273:setName
4225:getName
4198:private
4192:Student
4060:Student
4057:package
4022:Student
3992:Student
3989:package
3850:Student
3847:package
3829:Student
3786:Student
3743:Student
3700:Student
3591:Student
3506:Student
3492:GNUstep
3372:private
3366:Student
3354:package
3246:Student
3201:Student
3110:Student
3013:Student
2980:Student
2849:Student
2800:setName
2767:getName
2731:Student
2721:Student
2700:newName
2685:newName
2676:setName
2649:getName
2631:private
2625:Student
2610:" and "
2537:SetName
2510:SetName
2453:SetName
2435:private
2390:student
2360:student
2354:Student
2345:student
2335:Student
2319:name_in
2295:name_in
2229:private
2223:Student
2189:integer
2168:student
2153::before
2135:new-age
2129:new-age
2081:student
2072:new-age
2015:student
1988::writer
1982::reader
1973::number
1955::reader
1901:student
1854::writer
1850::reader
1822:private
1798:Student
1741:Student
1646:private
1640:Student
1555:Student
1522:Student
1459:Student
1453:Student
1413:private
1329:Student
1317:Student
1253:student
1240:student
1217:out.txt
1215:$ <
1162:new_age
1120:new_age
1093:old_age
1051:old_age
994:student
924:student
879:student
825:student
768:student
699:student
675:student
639:student
609:student
566:student
542:student
512:student
491:student
449:student
443:student
440:student
434:typedef
425:student
271:student
256:student
232:inlined
162:setYear
158:setDate
5428:String
5416:Public
5407:Public
5334:Return
5319:Public
5316:String
5298:Public
5233:return
5221:String
5203:String
5108:String
5100:->
5059:String
5054:->
5019:String
5006:struct
4822:define
4798:struct
4792:racket
4789:#lang
4710:define
4617:define
4611:racket
4608:#lang
4601:Racket
4595:Racket
4441:setter
4420:return
4324:Python
4297:$ this
4279:string
4267:public
4243:$ this
4240:return
4234:string
4219:public
4204:$ name
4201:string
4129:writer
4117:reader
3958:$ self
3955:return
3943:$ self
3904:$ self
3892:$ self
3805:strong
3719:retain
3615:return
3447:String
3426:public
3414:return
3408:String
3390:public
3384:String
3360:public
3282:return
3234:Object
3131:return
3040:return
2903:return
2782:return
2682:String
2670:public
2658:return
2646:String
2643:public
2634:String
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