271:
116:
86:
24:
1259:
433:
1269:
341:) is added to react with (destroy) the remaining free radicals and initiators. Once the resultant latex has âshortstoppedâ, the unreacted monomers are removed through a steam in a slurry stripper. Recovery of unreacted monomers is close to 100%. After monomer recovery, latex is sent through a series of filters to remove unwanted solids and then sent to the blending tanks where it is stabilized with an
310:
138:
228:. It is also used in the food service, medical, and nuclear industries to make protective gloves. NBR's stability at temperatures from â40 to 108 °C (â40 to 226 °F) makes it an ideal material for aeronautical applications. Nitrile butadiene is also used to produce moulded goods, footwear, adhesives, sealants, sponges, expanded foams, and floor mats.
326:
reaction are involved in the production of nitrile rubber the composition of each polymer can vary (depending on the concentrations of each monomer added to the polymerization tank and the conditions within the tank). There may not be a single repeating unit throughout the entire polymer. For this reason there is also no IUPAC name for the general polymer.
365:
The raw material is typically yellow, although it can also be orange or red tinted, depending on the manufacturer. Its elongation at break is â„ 300% and possesses a tensile strength of â„ 10 N/mm (10 MPa). NBR has good resistance to mineral oils, vegetable oils, benzene/petrol, ordinary diluted acids
356:
The process for the production of cold NBR is very similar to that of hot NBR. Polymerization tanks are cooled to 5–15 °C instead of heating up to 30–40 °C close to ambient temperature (ATC). Under lower temperature conditions, less branching will form on polymers (the amount
325:
are added to polymerization vessels in the production of hot NBR. Water serves as the reaction medium within the vessel. The tanks are heated to 30â40 °C to facilitate the polymerization reaction and to promote branch formation in the polymer. Because several monomers capable of propagating the
369:
An important factor in the properties of NBR is the ratio of acrylonitrile groups to butadiene groups, referred to as the ACN content. The lower the ACN content, the lower the glass transition temperature; however, the higher the ACN content, the better resistance the polymer will have to nonpolar
520:
The unique properties and higher temperature rating attributed to HNBR when compared to NBR has resulted in wide adoption of HNBR in automotive, industrial, and assorted, performance-demanding applications. On a volume basis, the automotive market is the largest consumer, using HNBR for a host of
459:
Unlike polymers meant for ingestion, where small inconsistencies in chemical composition/structure can have a pronounced effect on the body, the general properties of NBR are insensitive to composition. The production process itself is not overly complex; the polymerization, monomer recovery, and
516:
Depending on filler selection and loading, HNBR compounds typically have tensile strengths of 20â31 MPa at 23 °C. Compounding techniques allow for HNBR to be used over a broad temperature range, â40 °C to 165 °C, with minimal degradation over long periods of time. For
517:
low-temperature performance, low ACN grades should be used; high-temperature performance can be obtained by using highly saturated HNBR grades with white fillers. As a group, HNBR elastomers have excellent resistance to common automotive fluids (e.g., engine oil, coolant, fuel, etc.).
534:
H). These groups allow crosslinking through the addition of zinc (Zn) additives. The carboxyl groups are present at levels of 10% or less. In addition to these ionic crosslinks, traditional sulfur vulcanization is applied.
529:
An alternative version of NBR is carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR). XNBR is a terpolymer of butadiene, acrylonitrile, and acrylic acid. The presence of the acrylic acid introduces carboxylic acid groups
501:
Also known as highly saturated nitrile (HSN), HNBR is widely known for its physical strength and retention of properties after long-term exposure to heat, oil, and chemicals. Trade names include
521:
dynamic and static seals, hoses, and belts. HNBR has also been widely employed in industrial sealing for oil field exploration and processing, as well as rolls for steel and paper mills.
513:(Zeon Chemical). It is commonly used to manufacture O-rings for automotive air-conditioning systems. Other applications include timing belts, dampers, servo hoses, membranes, and seals.
498:
is used to promote the hydrogenation. The nitrile groups are unaffected. The degree of hydrogenation determines the kind of vulcanization that can be applied to the polymer.
456:, oil seals, V belts, synthetic leather, printer's form rollers, and as cable jacketing; NBR latex can also be used in the preparation of adhesives and as a pigment binder.
460:
coagulation processes require some additives and equipment, but they are typical of the production of most rubbers. The necessary apparatus is simple and easy to obtain.
569:
Threadingham, Desmond; Obrecht, Werner; Wieder, Wolfgang; Wachholz, Gerhard; Engehausen, RĂŒdiger (2011). "Rubber, 3. Synthetic
Rubbers, Introduction and Overview".
1134:
151:
634:
571:
632:
Obrecht, Werner; Lambert, Jean-Pierre; Happ, Michael; Oppenheimer-Stix, Christiane; Dunn, John; KrĂŒger, Ralf (2011). "Rubber, 4. Emulsion
Rubbers".
370:
solvents as mentioned above. Most applications requiring both solvent resistance and low temperature flexibility require an ACN content of 33%.
604:
836:
494:
of NBR. Doing so removes the olefinic groups, which are vulnerable to degradation by various chemicals as well as ozone. Typically,
863:
1303:
850:
Wrana, Claus; Reinartz, Klaus; Winkelbach, Hans R. (2001). "TherbanÂź â the High
Performance Elastomer for the New Millennium".
690:
879:"Ionic elastomers based on carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide (Hydrotalcite)"
353:, and other coagulating agents in an aluminium tank. The coagulated substance is then washed and dried into crumb rubber.
146:
746:
Wang, Hui; Yang, Lijuan; Rempel, Garry L. (2013). "Homogeneous
Hydrogenation Art of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber: A Review".
235:
makes NBR a useful material for disposable lab, cleaning, and examination gloves. Nitrile rubber is more resistant than
651:
588:
1141:
1114:
928:
158:
811:
668:
544:
232:
270:
1232:
1146:
81:
1227:
1129:
286:
94:
293:
and financed by IG Farben. The raw materials came from the Polish coalfields. Buna rubber was named by
479:
and restrictive business practices (Article 81 of the EC Treaty and
Article 53 of the EEA Agreement).
111:
1161:
1096:
1022:
1272:
1207:
1040:
789:
495:
334:
1151:
225:
722:
475:
and Zeon groups for fixing prices for nitrile butadiene rubber, in violation of the EU ban on
1222:
921:
338:
47:
8:
1298:
1293:
1060:
877:
Laskowska, A.; Zaborski, M.; Boiteux, G.; Gain, O.; Marzec, A.; Maniukiewicz, W. (2014).
464:
37:
115:
85:
1179:
1045:
763:
697:
220:
NBR is used in the automotive and aeronautical industry to make fuel and oil handling
1239:
1081:
989:
895:
878:
830:
647:
584:
350:
767:
1212:
959:
890:
859:
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639:
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190:
580:
1262:
984:
914:
759:
346:
669:"Distinguishing OĆwiÄcim (town), Auschwitz I, II, & III, and the Buna Werke"
1244:
1076:
954:
671:. From the "Pamphlet Collection" of the Library of Congress. Ptak Science Books
441:
330:
236:
217:. This rubber is unusual in being resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals.
129:
1287:
1109:
1086:
643:
549:
491:
487:
333:
is allowed to proceed to ~70% conversion before a âshortstopâ agent (such as
194:
74:
1174:
1124:
1055:
1017:
964:
432:
23:
1169:
1104:
1050:
1012:
1007:
974:
864:
10.1002/1439-2054(20011101)286:11<657::AID-MAME657>3.0.CO;2-2
342:
277:
plant under construction approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from
298:
58:
815:
1189:
723:"Bayer, Zeon fined 34.2 mln eur for synthetic rubber cartel activity"
318:
290:
278:
274:
264:
198:
128:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1119:
969:
732:
322:
631:
568:
392:
1217:
727:
524:
482:
476:
453:
449:
949:
472:
309:
260:
876:
329:
Monomers are usually permitted to react for 5 to 12 hours.
267:. The first commercial production began in Germany in 1935.
99:
1184:
468:
445:
294:
256:
247:, and has superior strength, but has inferior flexibility.
244:
221:
781:
906:
240:
849:
357:of branching distinguishes cold NBR from hot NBR).
1135:Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority
345:. The yielded polymer latex is coagulated using
1285:
597:
490:nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) is produced by
46:
745:
635:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
572:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
440:The uses of nitrile rubber include disposable
922:
720:
666:
525:Carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR)
483:Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)
297:A.G., and through 1988 Buna was a remaining
929:
915:
605:"History of the synthetic rubber industry"
114:
84:
894:
852:Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
431:
421:Can be compounded around 1.00 g/cm
308:
269:
255:Nitrile rubber was developed in 1931 at
627:
625:
321:, radical generating activators, and a
289:was a slave labor factory located near
110:
1286:
835:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
691:"Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)"
75:
910:
263:, then part of chemical conglomerate
1268:
782:"THERBAN -The high-performance HNBR"
622:
410:Elongation after fracture in %
660:
313:Krynac 33110 F nitrile rubber bales
13:
792:from the original on 18 March 2018
667:John F. Ptak (23 September 2008).
317:Emulsifier (soap), acrylonitrile,
14:
1315:
721:Simon Zekaria (23 January 2008).
444:, automotive transmission belts,
436:A disposable nitrile rubber glove
402:Tensile failure stress, ultimate
1267:
1258:
1257:
1142:Rubber Manufacturers Association
1115:Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
896:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.42
301:of nitrile rubber held by BASF.
136:
22:
870:
843:
545:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
427:
132:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
804:
774:
739:
714:
683:
562:
187:acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
1:
1304:U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program
581:10.1002/14356007.a23_239.pub5
555:
360:
304:
1233:Persistent organic pollutant
1147:United States Rubber Company
760:10.1080/15583724.2013.776586
7:
1228:Great Pacific garbage patch
1130:Rubber industry in Malaysia
538:
10:
1320:
936:
250:
1253:
1200:
1160:
1095:
1069:
1033:
1000:
942:
126:
30:
21:
1023:Micronized rubber powder
644:10.1002/14356007.o23_o01
175:nitrile butadiene rubber
1208:Airfield rubber removal
1041:Biodegradable additives
883:Express Polymer Letters
638:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
575:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
467:imposed fines totaling
335:dimethyldithiocarbamate
226:self-sealing fuel tanks
224:, seals, grommets, and
1152:List of tire companies
505:(Lianda Corporation),
437:
314:
282:
201:. Trade names include
1223:Environmental hazards
463:In January 2008, the
435:
312:
273:
496:Wilkinson's catalyst
339:diethylhydroxylamine
1061:Polymer stabilizers
465:European Commission
18:
1180:Rubberized asphalt
1046:Filler (materials)
970:Chloroprene rubber
471:34,230,000 on the
438:
315:
283:
159:Infobox references
16:
1281:
1280:
1240:Tire-derived fuel
1082:Rubber technology
1070:Rubber processing
990:Styrene-butadiene
509:(Arlanxeo ), and
425:
424:
351:aluminium sulfate
167:Chemical compound
165:
164:
95:CompTox Dashboard
1311:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1213:Rubber pollution
1056:Polymer additive
1001:Mechanical types
960:Synthetic rubber
931:
924:
917:
908:
907:
901:
900:
898:
874:
868:
867:
847:
841:
840:
834:
826:
824:
823:
814:. Archived from
808:
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801:
799:
797:
778:
772:
771:
743:
737:
736:
718:
712:
711:
709:
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696:. Archived from
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676:
664:
658:
657:
629:
620:
619:
617:
616:
601:
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566:
442:non-latex gloves
373:
372:
191:synthetic rubber
173:, also known as
149:
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119:
118:
103:
101:
88:
77:
50:
26:
19:
15:
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1282:
1277:
1249:
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1156:
1091:
1065:
1029:
996:
985:Silicone rubber
938:
935:
905:
904:
875:
871:
848:
844:
828:
827:
821:
819:
812:"Archived copy"
810:
809:
805:
795:
793:
786:www.therban.com
780:
779:
775:
748:Polymer Reviews
744:
740:
719:
715:
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704:
700:
693:
689:
688:
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661:
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623:
614:
612:
603:
602:
598:
591:
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558:
541:
533:
527:
485:
430:
366:and alkalines.
363:
347:calcium nitrate
307:
253:
168:
161:
156:
155:
154: ?)
145:
141:
137:
133:
122:
104:
97:
69:
53:
40:
17:Nitrile rubber
12:
11:
5:
1317:
1307:
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1301:
1296:
1279:
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1275:
1265:
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1245:Tire recycling
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1077:Rubber tapping
1073:
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1015:
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1004:
1002:
998:
997:
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992:
987:
982:
980:Nitrile rubber
977:
972:
967:
957:
955:Natural rubber
952:
946:
944:
943:Chemical types
940:
939:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
903:
902:
889:(6): 374â386.
869:
842:
803:
773:
754:(2): 192â239.
738:
713:
682:
659:
653:978-3527306732
652:
621:
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590:978-3527306732
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331:Polymerization
306:
303:
252:
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237:natural rubber
171:Nitrile rubber
166:
163:
162:
157:
135:
134:
130:standard state
127:
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121:
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112:DTXSID30895082
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1088:
1087:Vulcanization
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1075:
1074:
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1062:
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1054:
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978:
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918:
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909:
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888:
884:
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873:
865:
861:
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846:
838:
832:
818:on 2012-03-28
817:
813:
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787:
783:
777:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
734:
730:
729:
724:
717:
703:on 2015-06-15
699:
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686:
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663:
655:
649:
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641:
637:
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628:
626:
610:
606:
600:
592:
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582:
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551:
550:Medical glove
548:
546:
543:
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536:
522:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:hydrogenation
489:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
434:
420:
417:
416:
413:600% maximum
412:
409:
408:
405:500-2500 PSI
404:
401:
400:
396:
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382:
378:
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242:
238:
234:
229:
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223:
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212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:acrylonitrile
193:derived from
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
160:
153:
148:
131:
125:
117:
113:
109:
108:
106:
96:
92:
91:
87:
83:
80:
78:
76:ECHA InfoCard
73:
72:
65:
64:
62:
60:
57:
56:
49:
45:
44:
42:
39:
35:
34:
29:
25:
20:
1175:Rubber mulch
1125:Rubber Board
1018:Crumb rubber
979:
965:Butyl rubber
886:
882:
872:
855:
851:
845:
820:. Retrieved
816:the original
806:
794:. Retrieved
785:
776:
751:
747:
741:
726:
716:
705:. Retrieved
698:the original
685:
673:. Retrieved
662:
633:
613:. Retrieved
611:. 2008-05-12
609:ICIS Explore
608:
599:
570:
564:
528:
519:
515:
510:
506:
502:
500:
488:Hydrogenated
486:
462:
458:
439:
428:Applications
368:
364:
355:
328:
316:
284:
254:
230:
219:
214:
210:
206:
202:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:
31:Identifiers
1170:Rubber band
1105:Bridgestone
1051:Plasticizer
1013:Foam rubber
1008:Cold rubber
975:EPDM rubber
858:(11): 657.
384:Appearance
343:antioxidant
82:100.107.385
1299:Elastomers
1294:Copolymers
1288:Categories
822:2012-05-28
707:2014-07-25
615:2021-01-29
556:References
391:Hardness,
361:Properties
305:Production
299:trade name
287:Buna-Werke
233:resilience
197:(ACN) and
59:ChemSpider
38:CAS Number
1034:Additives
376:Property
319:butadiene
291:Auschwitz
279:Auschwitz
275:IG Farben
265:IG Farben
215:Europrene
199:butadiene
48:9003-18-3
1263:Category
1162:Products
1120:Michelin
1097:Industry
831:cite web
790:Archived
768:96720306
733:AFX News
539:See also
418:Density
323:catalyst
203:Perbunan
1273:Commons
1218:Dioxins
675:18 July
507:Therban
503:Zhanber
477:cartels
454:gaskets
450:O-rings
393:Shore A
251:History
189:, is a
152:what is
150: (
1110:Dunlop
937:Rubber
766:
728:Forbes
650:
587:
511:Zetpol
397:30â90
379:Value
281:, 1942
211:Krynac
185:, and
183:Buna-N
147:verify
144:
1201:Waste
1190:codes
1185:Tires
950:Latex
796:7 May
764:S2CID
701:(PDF)
694:(PDF)
473:Bayer
446:hoses
261:Bayer
245:acids
222:hoses
207:Nipol
837:link
798:2018
677:2014
648:ISBN
585:ISBN
530:(RCO
337:and
295:BASF
285:The
259:and
257:BASF
243:and
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