936:
85:
1142:
60:
945:
692:
564:
33:
639:(≤9 mm long) is inserted near the base of the lid. Upper pitchers are similar to their lower counterparts in most respects. They differ in having a more cylindrical shape, reduced wings, and the hip always being located in the upper half. Traps may have a range of colours, although the yellow-pitchered form is more common than the red-pitchered form.
618:
are robust and almost woody in texture. Rosette and lower pitchers are shortly cylindrical in shape, becoming narrower around the midpoint. They can be very large: up to 35 cm high by 15 cm wide. A pair of fringed wings (≤10 mm wide) runs down the ventral surface of the pitcher.
718:) that fall within its altitudinal range. However, there are unconfirmed reports that it also grows "on the summit of a neighbouring peak". Older sources list a number of different values for the altitudinal distribution of
845:
is threatened by over-collection and damage caused to its habitat by visitors. These activities have already depleted populations of this species on the mountain and it is thought to be the most endangered highland
1028:
is distinctive in that it rises gradually towards the lid, while at the same time not forming a pronounced neck. In addition, the mouth of this species has a much more oblique insertion than its relatives.
1045:
are quite similar in shape, although in the latter species the hip is always positioned in the upper portion of the pitcher cup. The upper pitchers of these species are more distinct, with those of
722:, with some giving a narrow range of 2200–2400 m and others a much wider span of 2000–2600 m. It is now known that this species occurs between 2200 m and the summit at 2642 m.
418:] as a locality for this species . Though this information is not confirmed yet, its existence is expected because this mountain falls within the vertical distribution of this species.
877:
exude a sugary reward on the reflexed pitcher lid and provide a perch for the visitor. The treeshrews eat this exudate and defecate into the pitchers, supplying the plant with valuable
2166:
627:
is cylindrical and expanded, measuring up to 15 mm wide. It bears a series of highly developed ribs, which terminate in prominent downward-pointing teeth. The pitcher lid or
1633:
2067:
1955:
Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous
1997:
Bonhomme, V., H. Pelloux-Prayer, E. Jousselin, Y. Forterre, J.-J. Labat & L. Gaume 2011. Slippery or sticky? Functional diversity in the trapping strategy of
2093:
Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of
Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data.
1798:
Moran, J.A., C. Clarke, M. Greenwood & L. Chin 2012. Tuning of color contrast signals to visual sensitivity maxima of tree shrews by three
Bornean highland
1204:
species, reaching 35 cm in height. They are roughly intermediate in form between those of its parent species. The lid is held away from the mouth as in
4990:
2116:"Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l."
2078:
1674:
Chin, L., J.A. Moran & C. Clarke 2010. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size.
715:
240:
205:
2182:
386:
for a long time prior to its description, although it was not initially considered a distinct species. Shortly after its discovery, it was lumped with
5030:
1343:
756:
experiences marked temperature fluctuations between day and night, from a noon maximum of around 30 °C to a nighttime minimum of 5 °C.
508:
995:
4787:
1717:
Greenwood, M., C. Clarke, C.C. Lee, A. Gunsalam & R.H. Clarke 2011. A unique resource mutualism between the giant
Bornean pitcher plant,
1651:
Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & L. Chin 2010. Mutualism between tree shrews and pitcher plants: perspectives and avenues for future research.
841:
criteria. Clarke wrote that the species "requires the highest level of protection if it is to persist in the wild into the next century".
2086:
2047:
583:
or leaf blade is oblong in shape and reaches exceptionally large dimensions of up to 60 cm by 20 cm. The apex of the lamina is
4568:
4884:
4709:
4936:
4897:
4761:
4722:
1012:
differs from both of these species in the structure of its peristome. Although highly developed, the peristome ribs and teeth of
1938:
1208:
and bears short bristles on its lower surface. The peristome has prominent ribs and teeth, but is not as developed as that of
5020:
1255:
have been described as having "the consistency of cardboard" and because of this they find use as bottles among farmers from
1234:
is restricted to the summit ridge of Mount
Trusmadi and has been recorded from elevations of 2500 to 2600 m above sea level.
4941:
4766:
1976:
Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous
4995:
4602:
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4319:
5010:
4792:
447:
4473:
2143:
Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the
4923:
4748:
4674:
1600:
4688:
1200:
leaves measuring up to 50 cm in length. The pitchers of this hybrid are some of the largest of any
Bornean
1771:
Clarke, C. & J.A. Moran 2011. Incorporating ecological context: a revised protocol for the preservation of
4954:
4818:
4443:
2126:
Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of
Nepenthaceae.
64:
5000:
4584:
3334:
2031:
1836:
1520:
4503:
4463:
4403:
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801:
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is always high and in the late evening the summit of Mount
Trusmadi is often shrouded in mist and clouds.
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400:
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84:
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3874:
3674:
2424:
1827:
1551:
1503:
1412:
838:
475:
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by
Marabini. Briggs returned to Mount Trusmadi in 1984, but found only one small group of plants.
5015:
4144:
3784:
3614:
3544:
3424:
3314:
3284:
2724:
2384:
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2019:
1314:
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4251:
3984:
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2874:
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2374:
507:
to species status since at least 1994 and did so upon the publication of their 1997 monograph "
395:
1748:
collect faecal droppings from both diurnal and nocturnal small mammals and emit fruity odour.
4174:
4044:
4004:
3944:
3934:
3814:
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3744:
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3364:
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2544:
2504:
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sheath around the stem. One to three longitudinal veins are present on either side of the
8:
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2704:
2594:
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2464:
1464:
862:
455:
49:
1483:. Sabah National Parks Publications No. 2, Sabah National Parks Trustees, Kota Kinabalu.
5005:
4962:
4839:
4548:
4154:
4114:
4074:
3954:
3914:
3854:
3834:
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3034:
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2794:
2684:
2644:
2624:
2604:
2394:
2364:
2334:
2208:
866:
834:
813:
and the fact that Mount
Trusmadi does not receive the same high level of protection as
628:
222:
79:
4800:
4696:
4594:
4204:
4194:
4184:
4084:
4014:
3884:
3724:
3644:
3634:
3624:
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3144:
3044:
3024:
2994:
2974:
2674:
2664:
2564:
2474:
2344:
2294:
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2013:
1971:
1686:
1291:
989:
964:
757:
653:
389:
1880:
1370:
592:
4967:
4844:
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3714:
3684:
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3474:
3434:
3374:
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2934:
2714:
2554:
2514:
2454:
2284:
2155:
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2101:
2020:
What Can Tree Shrews Tell Us about the
Effects of Climate Change on Pitcher Plants?
2009:
1988:
1967:
1864:
1810:
1783:
1756:
1729:
1682:
1659:
1309:
1223:
1182:
by Johannes Marabini and John Briggs in 1983. Later that year, it was described as
1159:
787:
661:
588:
517:
480:
368:
346:
259:
619:
Terrestrial pitchers usually have a hip in their lower half. The pitcher mouth is
596:
4875:
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4124:
4034:
4024:
3844:
3824:
3774:
3754:
3584:
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3204:
3174:
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2734:
2614:
2414:
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1733:
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919:
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773:
122:
2159:
572:
4214:
4064:
3514:
3444:
2484:
2314:
1179:
1110:
1085:
1077:
914:
has not been investigated), the colour of the lower lid surface corresponds to
814:
733:
703:
636:
383:
338:
145:
109:
2192:
1992:
1760:
1197:
584:
576:
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2634:
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1300:
1213:
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produces very large leaves and these may be twice as long as those of either
826:
649:
405:
334:
69:
680:
1663:
1100:
1096:
744:
738:
730:
500:
496:
412:
Mt. Trus Madi, located in the south of Mt. Kinabalu, become known [
213:
209:
2138:
632:
604:
4910:
4735:
4668:
4615:
4610:
2105:
1226:. Despite the size of the pitchers, this hybrid is not large in stature.
1124:
1289:
1141:
556:
reaches a length of more than 10 m and is up to 10 mm in diameter.
4889:
4714:
1555:. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
1073:
676:
557:
553:
463:
367:, but differs from that species in several aspects of pitcher and leaf
356:
4915:
4740:
1814:
1034:
884:
A 2010 study showed that the shape and size of the pitcher orifice of
620:
2232:
1089:
1016:
are considerably shorter and more widely spaced than those of either
829:. This differs slightly from an informal assessment made by botanist
624:
595:(grooved lengthwise) and typically bears wings that form a partially
439:
165:
155:
4630:
1868:
1290:
Clarke, C.; Cantley, R.; Nerz, J.; Rischer, H.; Witsuba, A. (2000).
944:
491:
as a species in the process of being described, referring to it as "
4869:
4653:
2200:
1744:
Wells, K., M.B. Lakim, S. Schulz & M. Ayasse 2011. Pitchers of
1514:
1256:
1116:
878:
767:
580:
135:
4928:
4753:
1613:
Bourke, G. 2007. Exploring the upper reaches of Gunung Trus Madi.
691:
563:
1120:
652:, with both male and female ones having a similar structure. The
608:
451:
2167:
The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives
32:
4683:
2187:
1264:
711:
657:
646:
600:
1285:
1283:
1281:
283:
4826:
2123:
Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
1260:
922:, making it stand out against adjacent parts of the pitcher.
707:
669:
665:
459:
342:
96:
1634:
Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants
714:, despite the presence of a number of nearby peaks (such as
280:
2079:
Borneo Trip Part II - Mt.Trusmadi and Mesilau (Mt.Kinabalu)
1278:
1049:
being more ovoid and less elongated. As its name suggests,
591:
begins. The petiole itself is up to 15 cm long. It is
321:
306:
274:
2068:
Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society, Inc.
434:, another closely related species. An early collection of
587:-obtuse, while the base is abruptly contracted where the
560:
are up to 35 cm long and circular in cross section.
414:
315:
297:
265:
1604:. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
1942:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
1468:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
1416:. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
736:
along ridge tops, where the vegetation is dominated by
679:
of very short hairs, although much of this covering is
656:
is up to 23 cm long and 5 mm wide, while the
1375:
Hook.fil. sowie Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie der Gattung
695:
A robust upper pitcher growing in mossy montane forest
1702:
Giant meat-eating plants prefer to eat tree shrew poo
702:
is known with certainty only from the summit area of
312:
300:
291:
286:
277:
262:
1586:. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, September 9, 1994.
438:
was made by Johannes Marabini in March 1983 and the
318:
303:
271:
1925:
Mountains of Malaysia: A Practical Guide and Manual
1889:
Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
1383:
Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
309:
294:
268:
1222:may be up to 50 cm long and has two-flowered
4982:
2025:Damit, A. 2014. A trip to Mount Trus Madi – the
994:. In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist
672:are elliptic in shape and up to 6 mm long.
337:known only from a very restrictive elevation on
2041:Fretwell, S. 2013. Back in Borneo to see giant
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1365:
1363:
495:(Marabini) Jebb & Cheek ined.". Botanists
2216:
2090:. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
533:"have more in common with each other than do
1647:
1645:
1643:
1637:. Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu.
1594:
1592:
1549:Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008.
1315:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39671A10255115.en
4991:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
2147:intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae.
2087:Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo
2048:Victorian Carnivorous Plant Society Journal
1721:, and members of a small mammal community.
1486:
1360:
2223:
2209:
1627:
1625:
1563:
1561:
1530:
888:exactly match the dimensions of a typical
668:, and measure up to 16 mm in length.
58:
31:
2193:Video of tree shrew visiting pitchers of
1819:
1696:
1694:
1640:
1589:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1313:
5031:Flora of the Borneo montane rain forests
2084:McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012.
1856:(Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines.
1775:pitcher plant specimens (Nepenthaceae).
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1140:
827:2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
690:
562:
521:. This interpretation was supported by
1668:
1622:
1558:
833:in 1997, who classified the species as
4983:
1939:A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah
1903:Briggs, J.G.R. 1984. The discovery of
1711:
1691:
1584:NEPENTHES revision for Flora Malesiana
1391:
1329:
904:, and is also likely to be present in
4635:
4634:
2204:
2149:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2045:. Part 3: Mt. Trusmadi and Mt. Alab.
1930:
1471:
1419:
2230:
2170:. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
1852:Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999.
1342:Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997.
1033:is also distinguished by its broad,
892:. A similar adaptation was found in
766:occurs both terrestrially and as an
611:measure up to 35 cm in length.
374:
16:Species of pitcher plant from Borneo
4317:
1301:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
4546:
1948:
1907:—an impressive new pitcher-plant.
1410:Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996.
1245:
1130:
925:
623:and has an oblique insertion. The
14:
5042:
4524:
4514:
4504:
4494:
4484:
4474:
4464:
4454:
4444:
4434:
4424:
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4374:
4364:
4354:
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4334:
4296:
4286:
4276:
4225:
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4035:
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4015:
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3995:
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2425:
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2315:
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2295:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2175:
2022:TESS seminars, 25 September 2013.
1927:. Longman Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
1504:"A Field Trip to Gunong Trusmadi"
1084:is only found near the summit of
918:visual sensitivity maxima in the
910:. In all three of these species (
675:Most parts of the plants bear an
4955:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:950096-1
4819:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:995707-1
2014:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03696.x
1972:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
1687:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x
943:
934:
770:. The species is sympatric with
631:is ovate, very broad, and has a
448:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
258:
83:
1961:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1917:
1897:
1873:
1846:
1792:
1765:
1738:
1607:
1601:Pitcher Plants of the Old World
1576:
1804:Plant Signaling & Behavior
1653:Plant Signaling & Behavior
1246:
1088:, which is mostly composed of
544:
1:
1573:. Carnivorous Plant Database.
1272:
454:. Four years later, Marabini
5021:Critically endangered plants
4377:. × ferrugineomarginata
2032:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
1982:Arthropod-Plant Interactions
1837:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
1734:10.1371/journal.pone.0021114
1521:Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
1072:are restricted to generally
853:
7:
4247:Incompletely diagnosed taxa
2160:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
1750:Journal of Tropical Ecology
1480:Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu
1037:lid. The lower pitchers of
978:is most closely related to
515:" in the botanical journal
401:Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu
10:
5047:
4996:Carnivorous plants of Asia
4477:. × sharifah-hapsahii
1134:
686:
660:is up to 55 cm long.
331:large-leaved pitcher-plant
4855:
4643:
4556:
4545:
4541:
4327:
4316:
4312:
4242:
4238:
3338:. mantalingajanensis
2258:
2247:
1993:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
1905:Nepenthes × trusmadiensis
1761:10.1017/S0266467411000162
1231:Nepenthes × trusmadiensis
1193:Nepenthes × trusmadiensis
1137:Nepenthes × trusmadiensis
1002:as a possible synonym of
552:is a climbing plant. The
473:In their 1996 monograph,
426:was treated as a form of
394:, a similar species from
355:was once thought to be a
228:
221:
194:
187:
80:Scientific classification
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
5026:Plants described in 1997
4447:. × pangulubauensis
4270:Possible extinct species
1788:10.3767/000651911X605781
1552:Pitcher Plants of Borneo
1413:Pitcher-Plants of Borneo
1237:
920:green and blue wavebands
863:mutualistic relationship
503:had intended to elevate
476:Pitcher-Plants of Borneo
442:material, designated as
5011:Endemic flora of Borneo
4572:species by distribution
3298:. madagascariensis
2408:. aristolochioides
1371:Eine neue Unterart von
1344:A skeletal revision of
1024:. The pitcher mouth of
725:The typical habitat of
567:An intermediate pitcher
509:A skeletal revision of
4857:Nepenthes edwardsiana
4507:. × trusmadiensis
4467:. × sarawakiensis
4407:. × kinabaluensis
2948:. hamiguitanensis
1664:10.4161/psb.5.10.12807
1598:McPherson, S.R. 2009.
1151:
809:Due to its restricted
696:
607:veins are indistinct.
568:
420:
396:Kinabalu National Park
4689:nepenthes-macrophylla
4675:Nepenthes macrophylla
4645:Nepenthes macrophylla
4417:. × kuchingensis
4337:. × alisaputrana
3878:. saranganiensis
3678:. philippinensis
2428:. attenboroughii
2183:Nepenthes macrophylla
2139:10.1055/s-2006-924676
2059:Nepenthes edwardsiana
1923:Briggs, J.G.R. 1988.
1570:Nepenthes macrophylla
1373:Nepenthes edwardsiana
1308:: e.T39671A10255115.
1294:Nepenthes macrophylla
1144:
1031:Nepenthes macrophylla
1010:Nepenthes macrophylla
976:Nepenthes macrophylla
859:Nepenthes macrophylla
823:Critically Endangered
806:, has been recorded.
764:Nepenthes macrophylla
748:. Like most highland
700:Nepenthes macrophylla
694:
643:Nepenthes macrophylla
566:
550:Nepenthes macrophylla
493:Nepenthes macrophylla
410:
398:. In his 1976 guide,
382:was known to grow on
380:Nepenthes macrophylla
353:Nepenthes macrophylla
254:Nepenthes macrophylla
232:Nepenthes edwardsiana
198:Nepenthes macrophylla
65:Critically Endangered
25:Nepenthes macrophylla
4487:. × trichocarpa
4427:. × merrilliata
4148:. undulatifolia
3788:. reinwardtiana
3618:. pantaronensis
3548:. neoguineensis
3428:. mindanaoensis
3318:. malimumuensis
3288:. macrovulgaris
2728:. distillatoria
2388:. appendiculata
2328:. albomarginata
2164:Thorogood, C. 2010.
2106:10.1055/s-2001-12897
2001:carnivorous plants.
1909:Malaysian Naturalist
1828:"Literature Reviews"
1616:Carniflora Australis
1145:An upper pitcher of
953:An upper pitcher of
635:base. An unbranched
40:An upper pitcher of
5001:Coprophagous plants
4497:. × truncalata
4457:. × pyriformis
4437:. × mirabilata
4397:. × hookeriana
4289:. echinosporus
3988:. surigaoensis
3898:. sibuyanensis
3798:. rhombicaulis
3738:. putaiguneung
3598:. palawanensis
3058:. jacquelineae
2888:. graciliflora
2878:. glandulifera
2858:. gantungensis
2378:. angasanensis
2113:Meimberg, H. 2002.
1936:Clarke, C.M. 2001.
1885:-Hybride aus Borneo
1879:Marabini, J. 1983.
1825:Schlauer, J. 2000.
1501:Marabini, J. 1984.
1465:Nepenthes of Borneo
1462:Clarke, C.M. 1997.
1369:Marabini, J. 1987.
1253:N. macrophylla
1210:N. macrophylla
1156:N. macrophylla
1105:N. macrophylla
1082:N. macrophylla
1066:N. edwardsiana
1055:N. edwardsiana
1051:N. macrophylla
1047:N. macrophylla
1043:N. macrophylla
1039:N. edwardsiana
1026:N. macrophylla
1018:N. edwardsiana
1014:N. macrophylla
1000:N. macrophylla
886:N. macrophylla
875:N. macrophylla
873:). The pitchers of
843:N. macrophylla
819:N. macrophylla
796:N. macrophylla
754:N. macrophylla
727:N. macrophylla
720:N. macrophylla
616:N. macrophylla
489:N. macrophylla
468:N. edwardsiana
446:, deposited at the
436:N. macrophylla
424:N. macrophylla
180:N. macrophylla
50:Conservation status
4178:. vieillardii
4048:. tentaculata
4008:. talangensis
3948:. stenophylla
3938:. spectabilis
3818:. robcantleyi
3808:. rigidifolia
3748:. rafflesiana
3468:. misoolensis
3408:. micramphora
3398:. merrilliana
3368:. masoalensis
3348:. mapuluensis
3278:. macrophylla
3268:. macfarlanei
3158:. kongkandana
3018:. hurrelliana
2918:. gymnamphora
2838:. fractiflexa
2748:. edwardsiana
2588:. campanulata
2498:. bicalcarata
2077:Mansell, G. 2010.
1914:(2): 13–15, 18–19.
1631:Steiner, H. 2002.
1567:Schlauer, J. N.d.
1219:N. × trusmadiensis
1185:N. × trusmadiensis
1178:was discovered on
1152:
1148:N. × trusmadiensis
912:N. ephippiata
907:N. ephippiata
867:mountain treeshrew
802:N. × trusmadiensis
697:
664:are one-flowered,
569:
456:formally described
4978:
4977:
4801:Open Tree of Life
4637:Taxon identifiers
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4537:
4536:
4527:. × ventrata
4517:. × tsangoya
4387:. × harryana
4357:. × cantleyi
4347:. × bauensis
4308:
4307:
4168:. ventricosa
4138:. ulukaliana
3978:. suratensis
3928:. spathulata
3708:. platychila
3698:. pitopangii
3608:. paniculata
3578:. orbiculata
3508:. murudensis
3388:. maximoides
3308:. malayensis
3248:. longiptera
3238:. longifolia
3168:. krabiensis
3108:. kampotiana
3078:. junghuhnii
2968:. hemsleyana
2958:. harauensis
2908:. gracillima
2818:. faizaliana
2768:. epiphytica
2758:. ephippiata
2698:. densiflora
2658:. copelandii
2548:. burbidgeae
2508:. bokorensis
2448:. beccariana
2438:. barcelonae
2358:. ampullaria
2278:. abgracilis
2081:. Exotica Plants.
2065:HOOK. f. (1859).
2018:Clarke, C. 2013.
1815:10.4161/psb.21661
1809:(10): 1267–1270.
1708:, March 10, 2010.
1700:Walker, M. 2010.
1658:(10): 1187–1189.
1477:Kurata, S. 1976.
1158:is only known to
821:is classified as
758:Relative humidity
716:Mount Pinesowitan
525:, who noted that
375:Botanical history
250:
249:
244:
73:
5038:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4931:
4919:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4860:
4848:
4847:
4835:
4834:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4770:
4769:
4757:
4756:
4744:
4743:
4731:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4705:
4704:
4692:
4691:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4632:
4631:
4543:
4542:
4526:
4516:
4506:
4496:
4486:
4476:
4466:
4456:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4416:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4314:
4313:
4298:
4288:
4279:. echinatus
4278:
4271:
4248:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4157:
4147:
4137:
4127:
4117:
4108:. treubiana
4107:
4098:. tomoriana
4097:
4087:
4077:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4027:
4017:
4007:
3998:. talaandig
3997:
3987:
3977:
3968:. sumatrana
3967:
3957:
3947:
3937:
3927:
3917:
3908:. singalana
3907:
3897:
3887:
3877:
3868:. sanguinea
3867:
3857:
3847:
3837:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3787:
3777:
3768:. ramispina
3767:
3757:
3747:
3737:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3697:
3687:
3677:
3668:. petiolata
3667:
3658:. pervillei
3657:
3647:
3637:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3568:. northiana
3567:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3528:. nebularum
3527:
3517:
3507:
3498:. muluensis
3497:
3488:. monticola
3487:
3477:
3467:
3458:. mirabilis
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3247:
3237:
3228:. lingulata
3227:
3217:
3207:
3198:. leonardoi
3197:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3138:. kitanglad
3137:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3098:. kampalili
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2928:. halmahera
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2807:
2797:
2788:. eustachya
2787:
2778:. erucoides
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2708:. diabolica
2707:
2697:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2598:. candalaga
2597:
2587:
2578:. calcicola
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2538:. bracteosa
2537:
2528:. boschiana
2527:
2517:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2468:. benstonei
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2242:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2122:
2120:
2112:
1959:pitcher plants.
1943:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1877:
1871:
1850:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1796:
1790:
1769:
1763:
1742:
1736:
1715:
1709:
1698:
1689:
1672:
1666:
1649:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1528:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1499:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1417:
1408:
1389:
1367:
1358:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1287:
1251:The pitchers of
1250:
1233:
1221:
1195:
1187:
1168:
1150:
1113:
992:
984:
967:
959:
947:
938:
804:
784:
776:
614:The pitchers of
481:Anthea Phillipps
432:
392:
365:
347:Malaysian Borneo
333:, is a tropical
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
239:
200:
88:
87:
67:
62:
61:
35:
21:
20:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5035:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4786:
4778:
4773:
4765:
4760:
4752:
4747:
4739:
4734:
4726:
4721:
4713:
4708:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4639:
4629:
4620:
4552:
4533:
4532:
4367:. × cincta
4323:
4320:Natural hybrids
4304:
4269:
4246:
4234:
4233:
4158:. veitchii
4118:. truncata
4078:. thorelii
3958:. sumagaya
3918:. smilesii
3858:. samudera
3838:. rowaniae
3188:. lavicola
3128:. khasiana
3088:. justinae
3038:. insignis
3008:. holdenii
2988:. hirtella
2898:. gracilis
2868:. glabrata
2798:. extincta
2688:. deaniana
2648:. clipeata
2628:. chaniana
2608:. ceciliae
2398:. argentii
2368:. andamana
2338:. alfredoi
2254:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2178:
2173:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2057:Mann, P. 1995.
2003:New Phytologist
1951:
1949:Further reading
1946:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1878:
1874:
1869:10.2307/4111166
1851:
1847:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1797:
1793:
1770:
1766:
1746:Nepenthes rajah
1743:
1739:
1719:Nepenthes rajah
1716:
1712:
1699:
1692:
1676:New Phytologist
1673:
1669:
1650:
1641:
1630:
1623:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1590:
1582:Jebb, M. 1994.
1581:
1577:
1566:
1559:
1548:
1531:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1487:
1476:
1472:
1461:
1420:
1409:
1392:
1368:
1361:
1341:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1240:
1229:
1217:
1191:
1183:
1164:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1131:Natural hybrids
1109:
1070:N. villosa
1059:N. villosa
1022:N. villosa
1004:N. villosa
988:
980:
973:
972:
971:
970:
963:
955:
950:
949:
948:
940:
939:
928:
926:Related species
916:T. montana
856:
800:
798:, described as
780:
772:
689:
547:
428:
388:
377:
361:
290:
261:
257:
238:
217:
202:
196:
183:
82:
74:
63:
59:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5044:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5016:Flora of Sabah
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4968:wfo-0000381908
4959:
4946:
4933:
4920:
4907:
4894:
4881:
4865:
4863:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:wfo-0000381514
4836:
4823:
4810:
4797:
4784:
4771:
4758:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4706:
4693:
4680:
4665:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:Related topics
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4520:
4510:
4500:
4490:
4480:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4292:
4282:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4208:. vogelii
4201:
4198:. viridis
4191:
4188:. villosa
4181:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4091:
4088:. tobaica
4081:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4041:
4031:
4021:
4018:. taminii
4011:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3971:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3888:. sericea
3881:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3728:. pulchra
3721:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3648:. peltata
3641:
3638:. parvula
3631:
3628:. papuana
3621:
3611:
3601:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3221:
3218:. limiana
3211:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3148:. klossii
3141:
3131:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3048:. izumiae
3041:
3031:
3028:. inermis
3021:
3011:
3001:
2998:. hispida
2991:
2981:
2978:. hirsuta
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2781:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2678:. danseri
2671:
2668:. cornuta
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2568:. cabanae
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2478:. berbulu
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2348:. alzapan
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2298:. aenigma
2291:
2281:
2271:
2268:. abalata
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2195:N. macrophylla
2190:
2177:
2176:External links
2174:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2154:(2): 478–490.
2141:
2133:(6): 831–840.
2124:
2108:
2100:(2): 164–175.
2091:
2082:
2075:
2055:
2039:
2023:
2016:
2008:(2): 545–554.
1995:
1987:(1): 147–158.
1974:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1929:
1916:
1896:
1872:
1863:(4): 887–895.
1845:
1818:
1791:
1782:(3): 225–228.
1764:
1755:(4): 347–353.
1737:
1710:
1706:BBC Earth News
1690:
1681:(2): 461–470.
1667:
1639:
1621:
1606:
1588:
1575:
1557:
1529:
1485:
1470:
1418:
1390:
1359:
1348:(Nepenthaceae)
1328:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1180:Mount Trusmadi
1176:N. macrophylla
1135:Main article:
1132:
1129:
1107:is related to
1086:Mount Trusmadi
982:N. edwardsiana
957:N. edwardsiana
952:
951:
942:
941:
933:
932:
931:
930:
929:
927:
924:
890:Tupaia montana
871:Tupaia montana
855:
852:
831:Charles Clarke
815:Mount Kinabalu
788:natural hybrid
782:N. tentaculata
734:montane forest
704:Mount Trusmadi
688:
685:
546:
543:
539:N. macrophylla
535:N. edwardsiana
527:N. edwardsiana
523:Charles Clarke
513:(Nepenthaceae)
505:N. macrophylla
430:N. edwardsiana
384:Mount Trusmadi
376:
373:
363:N. edwardsiana
339:Mount Trusmadi
248:
247:
246:
245:
226:
225:
219:
218:
203:
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
146:Caryophyllales
143:
139:
138:
133:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
76:
75:
57:
54:
53:
48:
45:
44:
42:N. macrophylla
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5043:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4540:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4301:
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4293:
4291:
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4283:
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4280:
4273:
4268:
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4264:
4262:
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4129:
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4110:
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4100:
4099:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:. tenuis
4052:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3982:
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3972:
3970:
3969:
3962:
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3859:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3830:
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3822:
3820:
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3812:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3790:
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3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3718:. pudica
3712:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:. pilosa
3682:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3538:. negros
3532:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3478:. mollis
3472:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:. minima
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:. maxima
3372:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3358:. maryae
3352:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3328:. manobo
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3280:
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3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3242:
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3239:
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3230:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:. kerrii
3112:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:. jamban
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2938:. hamata
2932:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2718:. diatas
2712:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:. burkei
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:. bongso
2512:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:. bellii
2452:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:. adnata
2282:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:Plant Biology
2125:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:Plant Biology
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:(1): 90–102.
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1728:(6): e21114.
1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:inflorescence
1211:
1207:
1206:N. lowii
1203:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1154:In the wild,
1149:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1103:suggest that
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:soils in the
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
991:
985:
983:
977:
968:
966:
960:
958:
946:
937:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
902:
901:N. rajah
897:
896:
895:N. lowii
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:has formed a
860:
851:
849:
844:
840:
837:based on the
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:natural range
807:
805:
803:
797:
793:
792:N. lowii
789:
785:
783:
777:
775:
769:
765:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:
741:
740:
735:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
693:
684:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:inflorescence
648:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
565:
561:
559:
555:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
512:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Marabini 2167
441:
437:
433:
431:
425:
419:
417:
416:
409:
407:
406:Shigeo Kurata
403:
402:
397:
393:
391:
385:
381:
372:
370:
366:
364:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:pitcher plant
332:
326:
256:
255:
242:
237:
233:
230:
229:
227:
224:
220:
215:
211:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:Tracheophytes
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
81:
77:
71:
66:
55:
51:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4856:
4644:
4603:
4595:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4547:
4522:
4512:
4502:
4492:
4482:
4472:
4462:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4402:
4392:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4318:
4299:. major
4294:
4284:
4274:
4260:
4255:sp. Anipahan
4252:
4228:. zygon
4223:
4213:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4128:. ultra
4123:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4038:. tenax
4033:
4028:. tboli
4023:
4013:
4003:
3993:
3983:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3848:. samar
3843:
3833:
3828:. rosea
3823:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3778:. ramos
3773:
3763:
3758:. rajah
3753:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3588:. ovata
3583:
3573:
3563:
3558:. nigra
3553:
3543:
3533:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3418:. mikei
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3258:. lowii
3253:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3213:
3208:. leyte
3203:
3193:
3183:
3178:. lamii
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2903:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2848:. fusca
2843:
2833:
2828:. flava
2823:
2813:
2808:. eymae
2803:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2738:. dubia
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2618:. chang
2613:
2603:
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2523:
2513:
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2463:
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2443:
2433:
2423:
2418:. armin
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2308:. alata
2303:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2249:
2231:
2194:
2181:
2165:
2151:
2148:
2144:
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2127:
2097:
2094:
2085:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2029:wonderland.
2026:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1860:
1858:Kew Bulletin
1857:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1821:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1678:
1675:
1670:
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1632:
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1569:
1550:
1524:
1519:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1411:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1319:. Retrieved
1305:
1299:
1293:
1252:
1247:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1115:, a species
1108:
1104:
1101:Martin Cheek
1097:Matthew Jebb
1094:
1081:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
996:Jan Schlauer
987:
979:
975:
974:
962:
954:
915:
911:
905:
899:
893:
889:
885:
883:
874:
870:
858:
857:
847:
842:
818:
808:
799:
795:
791:
779:
771:
763:
762:
753:
749:
745:Rhododendron
743:
739:Leptospermum
737:
726:
724:
719:
699:
698:
674:
642:
641:
615:
613:
593:canaliculate
570:
549:
548:
538:
534:
530:
526:
516:
510:
504:
501:Martin Cheek
497:Matthew Jebb
492:
488:
485:Anthony Lamb
474:
472:
467:
443:
435:
427:
423:
421:
413:
411:
399:
387:
379:
378:
360:
352:
351:
330:
253:
252:
251:
235:
231:
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
156:Nepenthaceae
129:
116:
103:
41:
24:
18:
4911:iNaturalist
4861:macrophylla
4736:iNaturalist
4669:Wikispecies
4616:Nepenthales
4611:Nepenthesin
4218:. weda
4068:. thai
3518:. naga
3448:. mira
2488:. biak
2318:. alba
2111:(in German)
2063:macrophylla
2038:(1): 19–22.
1527:(2): 38–40.
1357:(1): 1–106.
1321:19 November
1125:Philippines
961:(left) and
850:of Borneo.
597:amplexicaul
571:Leaves are
545:Description
404:, botanist
236:macrophylla
123:Angiosperms
4985:Categories
4606:endophytes
4588:literature
4263:sp. Misool
2638:. cid
1894:: 449–452.
1881:Eine neue
1619:(9): 9–16.
1513:(442
1388:: 423–429.
1273:References
1095:Botanists
1074:ultramafic
990:N. villosa
965:N. villosa
835:Endangered
677:indumentum
573:coriaceous
558:Internodes
531:N. villosa
464:subspecies
390:N. villosa
369:morphology
357:subspecies
5006:Nepenthes
4876:Q49560038
4604:Nepenthes
4596:Nepenthes
4586:Nepenthes
4580:cultivars
4578:Nepenthes
4570:Nepenthes
4562:Nepenthes
2233:Nepenthes
2074:(1): 7–9.
2043:Nepenthes
2027:Nepenthes
1999:Nepenthes
1978:Nepenthes
1957:Nepenthes
1883:Nepenthes
1854:Nepenthes
1802:species.
1800:Nepenthes
1773:Nepenthes
1377:Nepenthes
1346:Nepenthes
1202:Nepenthes
1198:petiolate
1160:hybridise
1090:sandstone
865:with the
854:Carnivory
848:Nepenthes
752:species,
750:Nepenthes
666:bracteate
629:operculum
625:peristome
585:acuminate
577:petiolate
511:Nepenthes
440:herbarium
174:Species:
167:Nepenthes
93:Kingdom:
4929:950096-1
4870:Wikidata
4827:Species+
4754:995707-1
4654:Wikidata
4564:taxonomy
1843:(2): 53.
1723:PLoS ONE
1257:Tambunan
1224:pedicels
1172:N. lowii
1166:N. lowii
1078:Kinabalu
1064:Whereas
879:nitrogen
790:between
774:N. lowii
768:epiphyte
681:caducous
662:Pedicels
654:peduncle
647:racemose
609:Tendrils
487:treated
241:Marabini
223:Synonyms
206:Marabini
152:Family:
136:Eudicots
70:IUCN 2.3
4890:3702252
4715:3702012
4660:Q146125
4598:infauna
2251:Species
2054:: 6–15.
1123:in the
1121:Palawan
1117:endemic
1111:N. mira
998:treats
969:(right)
825:on the
687:Ecology
633:cordate
605:pinnate
589:petiole
452:Germany
422:Later,
408:wrote:
234:subsp.
162:Genus:
142:Order:
97:Plantae
68: (
4942:896673
4916:337410
4903:431486
4859:subsp.
4806:558367
4793:150976
4767:896577
4741:441223
4728:431485
4684:ARKive
2188:ARKive
2061:subsp
1980:taxa.
1777:Blumea
1511:
1352:Blumea
1265:Borneo
1212:. The
1080:area,
712:Borneo
670:Sepals
658:rachis
645:has a
603:, but
601:midrib
581:lamina
579:. The
518:Blumea
329:, the
243:(1987)
216:(1997)
212:&
4832:14935
4780:39671
4702:73WWB
2119:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1261:Sabah
1238:Notes
1162:with
1035:ovate
731:mossy
708:Sabah
621:ovate
462:as a
460:taxon
343:Sabah
214:Cheek
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
4950:POWO
4937:ITIS
4924:IPNI
4898:GRIN
4885:GBIF
4814:POWO
4788:NCBI
4775:IUCN
4762:ITIS
4749:IPNI
4723:GRIN
4710:GBIF
2239:list
2145:trnK
1323:2021
1306:2000
1196:has
1099:and
1068:and
1041:and
986:and
898:and
839:IUCN
794:and
786:. A
778:and
742:and
637:spur
575:and
554:stem
537:and
529:and
499:and
483:and
458:the
210:Jebb
4963:WFO
4840:WFO
4697:CoL
2186:at
2156:doi
2135:doi
2102:doi
2052:109
2010:doi
2006:191
1989:doi
1968:doi
1865:doi
1811:doi
1784:doi
1757:doi
1730:doi
1683:doi
1679:186
1660:doi
1515:KiB
1310:doi
1259:in
1216:of
1119:to
1057:or
1020:or
729:is
706:in
541:".
466:of
450:in
415:sic
359:of
349:.
341:in
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4952::
4939::
4926::
4913::
4900::
4887::
4872::
4842::
4829::
4816::
4803::
4790::
4777::
4764::
4751::
4738::
4725::
4712::
4699::
4686::
4671::
4656::
4261:N.
4253:N.
2152:39
2072:14
2036:43
1964:25
1912:38
1892:19
1887:.
1861:54
1841:29
1780:56
1753:27
1704:.
1693:^
1642:^
1624:^
1591:^
1560:^
1532:^
1525:13
1488:^
1421:^
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1381:.
1379:L.
1362:^
1355:42
1350:.
1331:^
1304:.
1298:.
1280:^
1263:,
1244:a.
1174:×
1170:.
1127:.
1092:.
1061:.
1006:.
881:.
817:,
710:,
683:.
479:,
470:.
371:.
345:,
307:oʊ
284:iː
208:)
132::
119::
106::
4525:N
4515:N
4505:N
4495:N
4485:N
4475:N
4465:N
4455:N
4445:N
4435:N
4425:N
4415:N
4405:N
4395:N
4385:N
4375:N
4365:N
4355:N
4345:N
4335:N
4297:N
4287:N
4277:N
4226:N
4216:N
4206:N
4196:N
4186:N
4176:N
4166:N
4156:N
4146:N
4136:N
4126:N
4116:N
4106:N
4096:N
4086:N
4076:N
4066:N
4056:N
4046:N
4036:N
4026:N
4016:N
4006:N
3996:N
3986:N
3976:N
3966:N
3956:N
3946:N
3936:N
3926:N
3916:N
3906:N
3896:N
3886:N
3876:N
3866:N
3856:N
3846:N
3836:N
3826:N
3816:N
3806:N
3796:N
3786:N
3776:N
3766:N
3756:N
3746:N
3736:N
3726:N
3716:N
3706:N
3696:N
3686:N
3676:N
3666:N
3656:N
3646:N
3636:N
3626:N
3616:N
3606:N
3596:N
3586:N
3576:N
3566:N
3556:N
3546:N
3536:N
3526:N
3516:N
3506:N
3496:N
3486:N
3476:N
3466:N
3456:N
3446:N
3436:N
3426:N
3416:N
3406:N
3396:N
3386:N
3376:N
3366:N
3356:N
3346:N
3336:N
3326:N
3316:N
3306:N
3296:N
3286:N
3276:N
3266:N
3256:N
3246:N
3236:N
3226:N
3216:N
3206:N
3196:N
3186:N
3176:N
3166:N
3156:N
3146:N
3136:N
3126:N
3116:N
3106:N
3096:N
3086:N
3076:N
3066:N
3056:N
3046:N
3036:N
3026:N
3016:N
3006:N
2996:N
2986:N
2976:N
2966:N
2956:N
2946:N
2936:N
2926:N
2916:N
2906:N
2896:N
2886:N
2876:N
2866:N
2856:N
2846:N
2836:N
2826:N
2816:N
2806:N
2796:N
2786:N
2776:N
2766:N
2756:N
2746:N
2736:N
2726:N
2716:N
2706:N
2696:N
2686:N
2676:N
2666:N
2656:N
2646:N
2636:N
2626:N
2616:N
2606:N
2596:N
2586:N
2576:N
2566:N
2556:N
2546:N
2536:N
2526:N
2516:N
2506:N
2496:N
2486:N
2476:N
2466:N
2456:N
2446:N
2436:N
2426:N
2416:N
2406:N
2396:N
2386:N
2376:N
2366:N
2356:N
2346:N
2336:N
2326:N
2316:N
2306:N
2296:N
2286:N
2276:N
2266:N
2241:)
2237:(
2224:e
2217:t
2210:v
2158::
2137::
2131:8
2121:.
2104::
2098:3
2012::
1991::
1985:6
1970::
1867::
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1813::
1807:7
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322:ə
319:l
316:ɪ
313:f
310:ˈ
304:r
301:k
298:æ
295:m
292:ˌ
287:z
281:θ
278:n
275:ɛ
272:p
269:ˈ
266:ɪ
263:n
260:/
204:(
72:)
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