56:
394:
33:
488:
seeds are very lightweight and easily dispersed by wind. The seeds can also survive freezing temperatures, and up to 30 days submerged in salt water and still germinate. which probably accounts for their wide distribution. They are often found as pioneer trees on lava flows and on mountain ridges.
574:
are often cultivated for their showy flowers, as street trees or in home gardens. The flowers are generally red, but some cultivars have orange, yellow or white flowers. Some names listed in horticultural catalogues and other publications, such as
1556:
Wright, S. D.; Yong, C. G.; Wichman, S. R.; Dawson, J. W.; Gardner, R. C. (2001). "Stepping stones to Hawaii: a trans-equatorial dispersal pathway for
Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nrDNA (ITS+ETS)".
1461:; Gardner, R. C. (2001). "Stepping stones to Hawaii: a trans-equatorial dispersal pathway for Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nrDNA (ITS+ETS)". Journal of Biogeography 28 (6)
1091:
1488:
Pole, Mike. "Early
Miocene flora of the Manuherikia Group, New Zealand. 7. Myrtaceae, including Eucalyptus." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 23.4 (1993): 313-328.
744:
1306:
898:
834:
563:
is one of the most widely spread plants in the
Pacific, and is not present in Australia today. These fossils may also point towards an Australian origin for the genus.
1206:
1138:
854:
754:
694:
664:
1221:
1061:
844:
784:
734:
714:
1316:
1101:
864:
814:
794:
684:
674:
1256:
1121:
1498:
1111:
1071:
1594:
Wright, S. D.; Gray, R. D.; Gardner, R. C. (2003). "Energy and the rate of evolution: inferences from plant rDNA substitution rates in the
Western Pacific".
1526:
804:
764:
1081:
1479:. "Oldest record of Metrosideros (Myrtaceae): Fossil flowers, fruits, and leaves from Australia." American Journal of Botany 103.4 (2016): 754-768.
1858:
1884:
332:. Most of the tree forms are small, but some are exceptionally large, the New Zealand species in particular. The name derives from the
1933:
1393:
1806:
1871:
1819:
1407:
1402:
534:
aged
Manuherikia sediments of Central Otago. There is a fossil pollen record going back much further, but it has been shown that
2043:
1876:
2038:
1502:
1977:
1889:
2033:
1845:
1972:
492:
Despite the clear propensity towards long-distance dispersal, this genus does not occur in mainland
Australia.
1951:
1515:
635:
at 50° South latitude, and is the hardiest member of the genus, and a few cultivated specimens are growing in
2028:
1278:
1746:
1741:
1728:
617:
is recently naturalised in Hawaii, and has the potential to become a pest. In turn, various cultivars of
55:
1946:
999:
613:
2018:
1899:
1824:
724:
2023:
1344:
1010:
1938:
1361:
1177:
933:
881:
774:
373:
1925:
1709:
1671:
1476:
1458:
1333:
1289:
1267:
1043:
1021:
922:
627:
364:
333:
1863:
2013:
1920:
1912:
1162:
955:
944:
824:
551:
514:, and dispersed from there throughout the Pacific. This was due to the long fossil record of
501:
1798:
1767:
1566:
1239:
1032:
988:
977:
966:
704:
356:
42:
1552:. Revised edition. University of Hawaiʻi Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp.
1411:
8:
1191:
1570:
1985:
1793:
1619:
1607:
1582:
200:
50:
1432:
542:
and as such, fossil pollen cannot be reliably used as the oldest record of the genus.
1907:
1754:
1631:
Wright, S.D.; C. G. Yong; J. W. Dawson; D. J. Whittaker; R. C. Gardner (2000-03-21).
1611:
1578:
607:, but the species is considered an invasive pest in parts of South Africa and in the
1623:
1586:
1990:
1603:
1574:
632:
465:
457:
382:
257:
1759:
1733:
1720:
1527:
Governo dos Açores: "Government invests in fight against invasive exotic species"
437:
433:
180:
93:
1632:
1694:
604:
80:
538:
pollen is very similar morphologically to many other genera within the family
2007:
559:
aged sediments in
Tasmania, Australia. This is very curious considering that
477:
461:
413:
588:
1964:
1630:
1615:
600:
481:
453:
176:
398:
1832:
1703:
511:
473:
421:
402:
412:
is one of the most widely spread flowering plant genera in the
Pacific.
1811:
592:
469:
425:
348:
149:
1837:
1780:
556:
539:
523:
340:
329:
139:
1665:
591:
of New
Zealand has several cultivars grown in Australia, Hawaii and
1959:
1688:
1633:"Riding the ice age El Niño? Pacific biogeography and evolution of
636:
397:
A young pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) in flower at Ōhope, near
129:
106:
1850:
1785:
393:
531:
441:
32:
1772:
608:
583:, are actually the names of varieties or cultivars (usually of
429:
119:
290:
596:
449:
321:
67:
445:
325:
317:
308:
293:
275:
266:
284:
1555:
1543:
Pōhutukawa & Rātā: New
Zealand's Iron-Hearted Trees
631:
occurs naturally south of mainland New Zealand in the
472:. The genus is also represented by one species in the
625:
are widely grown in New Zealand under various names.
526:
landmasses. The oldest conclusive fossil evidence of
296:
281:
260:
305:
302:
287:
272:
269:
1548:Wagner, W.L., D. R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer. 1999.
595:. It has been planted successfully in the north of
278:
263:
347:or "iron". Perhaps the best-known species are the
1593:
328:mostly found in the Pacific region in the family
2005:
1641:(Myrtaceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA"
1233:French Polynesia, Pitcairn and the Cook Islands
518:in New Zealand coupled with the absence of any
432:has 5. The genus is present on most other high
1457:Wright, S. D.; Yong, C. G.; Wichman, S. R.;
1433:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"
587:) rather than valid scientific species. The
506:For some time it had been hypothesised that
480:(Chile and Argentina), and one outlier in
31:
530:in New Zealand is fossil fruits from the
1550:Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
1471:
1469:
1467:
1076:(C.T.White & W.D.Francis) J.W.Dawson
1006:- Kermadec pohutukawa (Kermadec Islands)
392:
1408:United States Department of Agriculture
1403:Germplasm Resources Information Network
642:
2006:
1670:
1669:
1464:
1978:4967aaa2-82de-448c-abd6-06acec0c0d37
1900:b08bbce4-ccb2-482b-83bc-b36833f4847b
1475:Tarran, Myall, Peter G. Wilson, and
650:
13:
1608:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01529.x
1535:
1244:(J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) A.Gray
14:
2055:
1661:
1026:(J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Druce
549:are fossil fruits and flowers of
1952:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331768-2
1579:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00605.x
545:The oldest conclusive record of
495:
256:
54:
1516:BBC: Christmas tree, Pohutukawa
388:
316:is a genus of approximately 60
1520:
1509:
1491:
1482:
1451:
1439:
1425:
1386:
566:
212:(Endl.) Hombr. & Jacquinot
1:
2044:Taxa named by Joseph Gaertner
1499:"New Zealand Plants Overseas"
1379:
1279:Metrosideros tabwemasanaensis
405:. Whale Island in background.
1410:. 2009-01-27. Archived from
1228:(Kauaʻi, Molokaʻi, and Maui)
1092:Metrosideros parallelinervis
603:off the south-west coast of
7:
1446:Sunset Western Garden Book,
745:Metrosideros longipetiolata
555:, an extinct species, from
10:
2060:
2039:Taxa named by Joseph Banks
1000:Metrosideros kermadecensis
886:(Hook. & Arn.) Hook.f.
614:Metrosideros kermadecensis
499:
1678:
1366:(Hayata ex Koidz.) Tuyama
1307:Metrosideros salomonensis
899:Metrosideros angustifolia
835:Metrosideros rotundifolia
725:Metrosideros humboldtiana
206:
199:
192:
187:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
1545:. Te Papa Press. 346 pp.
1345:Metrosideros sclerocarpa
1207:Metrosideros tremuloides
1139:Metrosideros halconensis
1011:Metrosideros parkinsonii
855:Metrosideros tetrasticha
755:Metrosideros microphylla
695:Metrosideros dolichandra
665:Metrosideros brevistylis
1559:Journal of Biogeography
1362:Metrosideros boninensis
1338:C.Moore & F. Muell.
1250:Fiji, Samoa and Vanuatu
1222:Metrosideros waialealae
1178:Metrosideros polymorpha
1062:Metrosideros arfakensis
934:Metrosideros bartlettii
882:Metrosideros stipularis
845:Metrosideros tardiflora
785:Metrosideros oreomyrtus
775:Metrosideros operculata
735:Metrosideros laurifolia
715:Metrosideros engleriana
224:(J.W.Dawson) J.W.Dawson
40:Flowers and foliage of
2034:Flora of New Caledonia
1334:Metrosideros nervulosa
1317:Metrosideros tetragyna
1290:Metrosideros vitiensis
1268:Metrosideros ochrantha
1102:Metrosideros ramiflora
1086:(C.T.White) J.W.Dawson
1044:Metrosideros umbellata
1022:Metrosideros perforata
923:Metrosideros albiflora
865:Metrosideros whitakeri
815:Metrosideros porphyrea
795:Metrosideros paniensis
685:Metrosideros cherrieri
675:Metrosideros cacuminum
628:Metrosideros umbellata
406:
371:) of New Zealand, and
236:Baum.-Bod. nom. nival.
1921:Paleobiology Database
1257:Metrosideros gregoryi
1163:Metrosideros macropus
1122:Metrosideros whiteana
956:Metrosideros colensoi
945:Metrosideros carminea
825:Metrosideros punctata
552:Metrosideros leunigii
502:Metrosideros leunigii
500:Further information:
396:
2029:Trees of New Zealand
1240:Metrosideros collina
1112:Metrosideros regelii
1072:Metrosideros cordata
1033:Metrosideros robusta
989:Metrosideros fulgens
978:Metrosideros excelsa
967:Metrosideros diffusa
759:(Schltr.) J.W.Dawson
709:(Montrouz.) Beauvis.
705:Metrosideros elegans
1571:2001JBiog..28..769W
1541:Simpson, P., 2005.
1192:Metrosideros rugosa
1143:(Merr.) J.W. Dawson
849:(J.W.Dawson) Pillon
805:Metrosideros patens
765:Metrosideros nitida
1082:Metrosideros ovata
1028:- Small white rātā
1017:- Parkinson's rātā
929:- Large white rātā
769:Brongn. & Gris
739:Brongn. & Gris
468:, but absent from
416:has 21 species of
407:
2001:
2000:
1908:Open Tree of Life
1672:Taxon identifiers
1602:(12): 2893–2898.
1376:
1375:
1355:Ogasawara Islands
940:- Bartlett's rātā
522:fossils on other
248:
247:
183:
2051:
2019:Myrtaceae genera
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1627:
1590:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1501:. Archived from
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1398:Banks ex Gaertn"
1390:
1367:
1350:
1339:
1327:Lord Howe Island
1322:
1312:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1245:
1227:
1212:
1197:
1183:
1168:
1167:Hook. & Arn.
1144:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
962:- Colenso's rātā
961:
950:
939:
928:
904:
887:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
690:
680:
670:
651:
633:Auckland Islands
466:Lord Howe Island
458:French Polynesia
383:Hawaiian Islands
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
304:
299:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
175:
59:
58:
35:
21:
20:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2024:Trees of Hawaii
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1836:
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1823:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1674:
1664:
1652:
1650:
1643:
1538:
1536:Further reading
1533:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1365:
1348:
1340:- Mountain rose
1337:
1320:
1310:
1300:Solomon Islands
1294:(A.Gray) Pillon
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1243:
1225:
1211:(A.Heller) Rock
1210:
1195:
1181:
1166:
1148:
1142:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1050:- Southern rātā
1047:
1039:- Northern rātā
1036:
1025:
1014:
1003:
993:Sol. ex Gaertn.
992:
982:Sol. ex Gaertn.
981:
970:
959:
948:
937:
926:
908:
902:
885:
868:
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
708:
698:
688:
678:
668:
648:
569:
504:
498:
438:Solomon Islands
434:Pacific Islands
391:
301:
259:
255:
174:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2057:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:wfo-4000023954
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1715:
1700:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:External links
1660:
1659:
1658:
1628:
1591:
1565:(6): 769–774.
1553:
1546:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1508:
1505:on 2009-02-19.
1490:
1481:
1477:Robert S. Hill
1463:
1450:
1438:
1424:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
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1341:
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1128:
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1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
995:- Scarlet rātā
985:
974:
963:
952:
951:- Carmine rātā
941:
930:
927:Sol. ex Gartn.
918:
917:
910:
906:
905:
889:
888:
872:
871:
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
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751:
741:
731:
721:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
660:
659:
649:
647:
641:
568:
565:
497:
494:
428:has seven and
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46:
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of trees
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2045:
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2035:
2032:
2030:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
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1523:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1459:Dawson, J. W.
1454:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1428:
1414:on 2011-06-05
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1397:
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1385:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1359:
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1234:
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1103:
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1063:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1001:
997:
991:
990:
986:
980:
979:
975:
971:(G.Forst.)Sm.
969:
968:
964:
958:
957:
953:
947:
946:
942:
936:
935:
931:
925:
924:
920:
919:
916:
913:
912:
911:
909:
901:
900:
896:
895:
894:
893:
884:
883:
879:
878:
877:
876:
875:South America
867:
866:
862:
857:
856:
852:
847:
846:
842:
837:
836:
832:
827:
826:
822:
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816:
812:
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806:
802:
797:
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792:
787:
786:
782:
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747:
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697:
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692:
687:
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682:
677:
676:
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661:
658:
657:New Caledonia
655:
654:
653:
652:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
623:M. polymorpha
620:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
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586:
582:
578:
573:
564:
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541:
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529:
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517:
513:
509:
503:
496:Fossil record
493:
490:
487:
483:
479:
478:South America
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Bonin Islands
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:New Caledonia
411:
404:
400:
395:
386:
384:
380:
379:M. polymorpha
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:southern rātā
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
334:Ancient Greek
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
254:
253:
241:
238:
235:
232:
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205:
202:
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195:
191:
186:
182:
178:
173:
172:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:Metrosidereae
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
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111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
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92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:Tracheophytes
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
45:
44:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2014:Metrosideros
1799:Metrosideros
1710:Metrosideros
1680:Metrosideros
1679:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:
1639:Metrosideros
1638:
1635:Metrosideros
1634:
1599:
1595:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1542:
1522:
1511:
1503:the original
1493:
1484:
1453:
1448:1995:606–607
1445:
1441:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1401:
1396:Metrosideros
1395:
1388:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1277:
1266:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1215:Lehua ʻāhihi
1214:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1186:ʻŌhiʻa lehua
1185:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
1004:W.R.B.Oliver
998:
987:
984:- Pohutukawa
976:
973:- White rātā
965:
954:
943:
932:
921:
914:
907:
897:
892:South Africa
891:
890:
880:
874:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
656:
644:Metrosideros
643:
626:
622:
618:
612:
601:Scilly Isles
584:
581:M. vitiensis
580:
576:
572:Metrosideros
571:
570:
561:Metrosideros
560:
550:
547:Metrosideros
546:
544:
536:Metrosideros
535:
528:Metrosideros
527:
520:Metrosideros
519:
516:Metrosideros
515:
508:Metrosideros
507:
505:
491:
486:Metrosideros
485:
482:South Africa
454:Cook Islands
436:, including
418:Metrosideros
417:
410:Metrosideros
409:
408:
389:Distribution
381:), from the
378:
374:ʻōhiʻa lehua
372:
369:M. umbellata
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
252:Metrosideros
251:
250:
249:
239:
234:Microsideros
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
193:
171:Metrosideros
170:
169:
159:
113:
100:
87:
74:
41:
25:Metrosideros
24:
18:
1833:iNaturalist
1704:Wikispecies
1226:(Rock) Rock
1132:Philippines
949:W.R.B.Oliv.
915:New Zealand
689:J.W. Dawson
679:J.W. Dawson
669:J.W. Dawson
599:and on the
567:Cultivation
512:New Zealand
510:evolved in
474:Philippines
422:New Zealand
403:New Zealand
210:Agalmanthus
146:Subfamily:
94:Angiosperms
2008:Categories
1653:2007-06-13
1418:2009-03-27
1380:References
1349:J.W.Dawson
1321:J.W.Dawson
1261:Christoph.
1200:Lehua papa
1171:Lehua mamo
1126:J.W.Dawson
1055:New Guinea
938:J.W.Dawson
869:J.W.Dawson
859:Guillaumin
839:J.W.Dawson
829:J.W.Dawson
809:J.W.Dawson
799:J.W.Dawson
749:J.W.Dawson
729:Guillaumin
619:M. collina
593:California
589:pōhutukawa
585:M. collina
577:M. villosa
470:Micronesia
426:New Guinea
361:M. robusta
353:M. excelsa
349:pohutukawa
222:Carpolepis
150:Myrtoideae
43:M. excelsa
1596:Evolution
1311:C.T.White
1285:(Vanuatu)
1096:C.T.White
557:Oligocene
540:Myrtaceae
524:Gondwanan
476:, one in
399:Whakatāne
341:heartwood
330:Myrtaceae
218:Montrouz.
216:Ballardia
194:See text
140:Myrtaceae
64:Kingdom:
1973:VicFlora
1965:40018149
1960:Tropicos
1851:331768-2
1695:Q1313015
1689:Wikidata
1624:29596868
1616:14761066
1587:83166606
1182:Gaudich.
1116:F.Muell.
1106:Lauterb.
1015:Buchanan
903:(L.) Sm.
637:Scotland
424:has 12,
357:northern
240:Tepualia
228:Mearnsia
201:Synonyms
188:Species
136:Family:
130:Myrtales
107:Eudicots
1913:1086552
1864:1000301
1812:3185258
1773:2508624
1567:Bibcode
1272:A.C.Sm.
1263:(Samoa)
1217:(Oʻahu)
1202:(Oʻahu)
1173:(Oʻahu)
1037:A.Cunn.
960:Hook.f.
819:Schltr.
789:Däniker
779:Labill.
719:Schltr.
699:Schltr.
646:species
605:Britain
532:Miocene
442:Vanuatu
345:sideron
242:Griseb.
181:Gaertn.
166:Genus:
156:Tribe:
126:Order:
68:Plantae
1934:PLANTS
1926:320504
1897:NZOR:
1747:294072
1734:109596
1721:192579
1718:APDB:
1637:subg.
1622:
1614:
1585:
1371:
1283:Pillon
1274:(Fiji)
1196:A.Gray
1155:Hawaii
609:Azores
430:Hawaii
363:) and
343:" and
324:, and
322:shrubs
120:Rosids
1939:METRO
1890:62695
1877:27257
1859:IRMNG
1838:60448
1794:FoAO2
1786:1MTDG
1644:(PDF)
1620:S2CID
1583:S2CID
1066:Gibbs
597:Spain
450:Samoa
337:metra
326:vines
318:trees
230:Merr.
177:Banks
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
75:Clade
1947:POWO
1885:NCBI
1872:ITIS
1846:IPNI
1825:7519
1820:GRIN
1807:GBIF
1781:EPPO
1760:5R3B
1742:BOLD
1729:APNI
1648:PNAS
1612:PMID
1048:Cav.
621:and
579:and
464:and
446:Fiji
339:or "
1986:WFO
1768:EoL
1755:CoL
1604:doi
1575:doi
355:),
179:ex
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1646:.
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1600:57
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1581:.
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1563:28
1561:.
1466:^
1406:.
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1213:-
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309:oʊ
300:,-
291:ər
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282:s
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276:ə
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270:t
267:ɛ
264:m
261:ˌ
258:/
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