362:
tail of the socialist kite!' And then, bing! Knock it in the head, whatever it is a socialist suggests. I don't care what party you belong to. It makes no difference to me, but if I can convince you that you are wrong you should be willing to admit it, and if you convince me that I am wrong I certainly should admit it, but party affiliations should have nothing to do with action taken on any matter brought to this convention.
31:
353:
intentionally published "the rankest untruth" and "vile falsehood" about his actual sentiments on the matter. Gompers stated that he had found the main resolution for immediate direct elections of AFL officers by member unions "indefensible," instead favoring investigation of the matter as called for in the minority report.
352:
AFL president
Gompers temporarily passed on the gavel at the convention so that he himself could speak on the floor during the debate which followed. Gompers declared himself to have long been in favor of expansion of the initiative and referendum and accused the socialists of having systemically and
340:
While the socialist-backed resolution called for immediate establishment of this system, others favored a more measured approach. This minority report called for the governing
Executive Council of the AFL to investigate the applicability of this electoral method and to report their findings to the
361:
I am tired of the eternal fight that is made on everything a socialist member of this organization suggests. If a socialists introduces a resolution, it mattes not the nature of it, somebody rises and shouts a warning: 'Look out! the socialists are about to get you and you are about to be made the
325:
421:
of the
Socialist Party. He did not, however, resign from that organization until May 1919. Hayes then joined the fledgling "Farmer-Labor Party" and was named to the national ticket as candidate for Vice President of the United States, running with the group's presidential nominee,
369:
At the AFL's 1912 annual convention, Hayes became the last socialist to challenge
Gompers for the presidency of the federation. This was the first time since the organization's 1903 conclave that Gompers had been met by an opponent in his bid for re-election as head of the AFL.
430:
in only nineteen states, 265,398 votes were cast for him. This represented one percent of the national total and 1.80 percent of the votes from states which had him on the ballot. Christensen did fare exceptionally well for a third-party candidate in
356:
Gompers' attack on the intellectual honesty of socialists at the 1911 AFL convention drew a response from Max Hayes on the floor, with Hayes's mounting frustration with the moderate majority of the federation readily evident. Hayes declared
486:
402:
304:
Hayes was one of five members of the "Springfield SDP", joining a like number from the
Chicago organization, named to a special committee in charge of preparations for the August 1901 Joint Unity Convention from which the
378:
332:
The 1911 annual convention of the
American Federation of Labor, held in Atlanta, Georgia, saw the introduction of a resolution by a socialist member of the Brewery Workers' Union endorsing the use of a
390:
398:
918:
999:
1358:
432:
215:
466:
Hayes and his wife, the former Dora
Schneider, had one daughter who married A. I. Davey Jr. in 1931. Upon his retirement in 1939, Hayes passed on the editorship of the
345:
and the nominator was well known as a member of that organization, conservative delegates took to the floor to warn of the dangers of the
Socialist Party's efforts at
1524:
1469:
1408:
1514:
281:
In 1900, Hayes was nominated for Vice
President of the United States by the Hillquit faction. He withdrew from the race, however, in favor of the candidacy of
992:
418:
374:
1519:
1494:
1438:
203:
At age 13, Hayes began work as a printer's apprentice; he would continue to work in this field for the rest of his life. Hayes worked on the staff of the
1416:
1489:
985:
270:
in 1899. Although Hayes had been a vocal opponent of Samuel
Gompers while he was a member of the AFL, he was even more opposed to the SLP's
530:
With Morris Hillquit and Samuel Gompers. Chicago: National Office of the Socialist Party, 1914. Also translated into German and Japanese.
528:
The Double Edge of Labor's Sword: Discussion and Testimony on Socialism and Trade-Unionism before the Commission on Industrial Relations.
440:
366:
Gompers's preferred option ultimately prevailed and the proposal to directly elect AFL leadership was voted down at the 1911 convention.
159:
in nearly a decade, drawing about 30 percent of the vote in his losing effort. Hayes is best remembered as the long-time editor of the
1017:
1013:
1009:
911:
886:
460:
1504:
382:
286:
509:
536:
Cleveland, OH: Cleveland AFL-CIO Federation of Labor/The Greater Cleveland Labor History Society/The Cleveland Citizen, 1987.
485:
maintains one collection, which is available through interlibrary loan in microfilmed form. Other material is held by the
1509:
1443:
1147:
1033:
906:
877:
164:
1529:
1499:
873:
271:
113:
222:
100:
1369:
1141:
1027:
456:
258:(SLP) and served as the Secretary of Section Cleveland, SLP. He left the SLP when the party split between the anti–
255:
126:
106:
239:
228:
He was a frequent representative of the ITU at the annual conventions of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
394:
251:
977:
225:(ITU) from 1884 and worked as a general organizer for the labor movement in the Cleveland area for 15 years.
459:(NRA), remaining in this capacity until termination of the NRA in 1935. He was also a charter member of the
1484:
946:
386:
156:
1240:
337:
of member unions instead of a vote of assembled convention delegates for the selection of AFL officers.
1479:
1253:
306:
120:
196:, on May 25, 1866. His father, Joseph Maximilian Sebastian Hayes, was a farmer. Hayes was raised as a
423:
959:
505:
341:
1912 convention. Because this resolution had long been part of the Socialist Party's ameliorative
482:
313:
1340:
1282:
1244:
1096:
1091:
902:
168:
132:
767:
645:
Republished as "Excerpts from News Accounts of the 1911 Convention of the AFL in Atlanta". In
1292:
1173:
1106:
950:
232:
147:(25 May 1866 – 11 October 1945) was an American newspaper editor, trade union activist, and
1474:
1464:
1190:
8:
285:
in a unity ticket that brought together the former-SLP dissidents with the Chicago-based
787:
The Samuel Gompers Papers. Volume 8: Progress and Reaction in the Age of Reform, 1909–13
1379:
1195:
1111:
1081:
798:
490:
346:
189:
231:
In 1903, Hayes was chosen as the delegate of the AFL at the convention of the British
1350:
1311:
1210:
1121:
1051:
463:, organized in 1933. He remained with the Metropolitan Housing Authority until 1937.
210:
In 1890, Hayes became founder and editor of a labor newspaper with a socialist bent,
405:. Despite this support, Hayes lost to Gompers by a tally of 11,974 to 5,074 votes.
1321:
1116:
498:
494:
452:
334:
294:
200:. Hayes was largely self-educated, attending school only through the fourth grade.
1387:
1329:
1271:
1101:
1059:
967:
825:
342:
267:
218:
in 1892. Hayes remained active as editor of this weekly publication until 1939.
1263:
1221:
1215:
1126:
414:
290:
263:
242:
from the time of its founding in 1905, lending his support instead to the AFL.
197:
152:
1007:
1458:
1205:
1086:
939:
794:
439:
in more than one-third of all counties. Hayes was subsequently active in the
427:
259:
695:"Excerpts from News Accounts of the 1911 Convention of the AFL in Atlanta".
679:"Excerpts from News Accounts of the 1911 Convention of the AFL in Atlanta".
661:"Excerpts from News Accounts of the 1911 Convention of the AFL in Atlanta".
1165:
1076:
893:
436:
373:
Hayes received the entire vote of five international unions, including the
282:
275:
185:
58:
846:
298:
254:; he remained a member of this party until 1896. Hayes then joined the
455:, Hayes served as a member of the Ohio State Adjustment Board of the
148:
81:
624:
Butscher, William (April 28, 1901). "Reply of the Springfield NEC".
1398:
1200:
151:
politician. In 1912 Hayes became the first candidate to challenge
324:
312:
In the 1902 campaign, Hayes ran as the Socialists' candidate for
803:. With Hayssen, Irma C.; Poole, Grace. New York: Hanford Press
30:
524:
With Daniel Lynch. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1900.
487:
Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives
830:
Left Wing Unionism: A Study of Radical Policies and Tactics
193:
85:
62:
1239:
816:
Fink, Gary M., ed. (1984). "Maximilian Sebastian Hayes".
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
522:
Socialism and Trade Unions; Trade Unions and Socialism.
820:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 285.
707:
705:
605:
576:
297:. Hayes was a Social Democratic Party candidate for
262:
faction and the pro-AFL dissident faction headed by
702:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
789:. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
785:Albert, Peter J.; Palladino, Grace, eds. (2001).
481:Hayes's papers are held by two institutions. The
214:. This paper was named the official organ of the
1525:Socialist Party of America politicians from Ohio
1456:
1470:1920 United States vice-presidential candidates
784:
731:
696:
680:
662:
646:
551:
1515:Social Democratic Party of America politicians
691:
689:
675:
673:
671:
657:
655:
435:and South Dakota, where he outpolled Democrat
993:
478:Hayes died in Cleveland on October 11, 1945.
393:. He also received majority support from the
1520:Socialist Labor Party of America politicians
1495:Labor Party of the United States politicians
408:
686:
668:
652:
441:Conference for Progressive Political Action
184:Hayes was born in the tiny rural hamlet of
1000:
986:
724:"Gompers Will Head AF of L Another Year".
413:Hayes was an opponent of the aggressively
29:
16:American editor and politician (1866–1945)
818:Biographical Dictionary of American Labor
245:
1490:International Typographical Union people
1014:1920 United States presidential election
623:
461:Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority
323:
1156:
1042:
793:
770:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University.
762:
760:
758:
756:
599:
383:International Association of Machinists
319:
1457:
824:
747:
711:
611:
510:Cleveland Metropolitan School District
1238:
981:
832:. New York: International Publishers.
274:(ST&LA), which he believed to be
845:
815:
753:
570:
907:Vice President of the United States
878:Vice President of the United States
473:
238:Hayes was a bitter opponent of the
13:
851:The AF of L in the Time of Gompers
838:
628:. No. 38. Seattle. p. 4.
287:Social Democratic Party of America
272:Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance
14:
1541:
768:"Max S. Hayes, Papers, 1891–1949"
639:"Gompers' Answer to Socialists".
223:International Typographical Union
853:. New York: Harper and Brothers.
726:Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
457:National Recovery Administration
256:Socialist Labor Party of America
777:
737:
717:
426:. Despite Christensen's being
240:Industrial Workers of the World
1505:People from Huron County, Ohio
632:
617:
446:
395:United Mine Workers of America
179:
1:
746:. pp. 354–355. Cited in
540:
534:A History of Cleveland Labor.
216:Cleveland Central Labor Union
947:American Federation of Labor
800:The American Labor Who's Who
545:
387:Western Federation of Miners
328:Hayes as he appeared in 1918
174:
157:American Federation of Labor
7:
732:Albert & Palladino 2001
697:Albert & Palladino 2001
681:Albert & Palladino 2001
663:Albert & Palladino 2001
647:Albert & Palladino 2001
145:Maximillian Sebastian Hayes
45:Maximillian Sebastian Hayes
10:
1546:
1510:Politicians from Cleveland
508:in Cleveland, part of the
443:(CPPA) from 1922 to 1924.
307:Socialist Party of America
250:In 1890, Hayes joined the
221:Hayes was a member of the
155:for the presidency of the
1530:Trade unionists from Ohio
1430:
1397:
1368:
1339:
1310:
1281:
1252:
1234:
1183:
1139:
1069:
1025:
964:
944:
934:
929:
915:
900:
890:
871:
866:
861:
744:AF of L Proceedings, 1912
504:Hayes is the namesake of
424:Parley Parker Christensen
409:Vice-Presidential nominee
93:
70:
40:
28:
21:
862:Party political offices
515:
506:Max S. Hayes High School
379:Cloth Hat and Cap Makers
483:Ohio Historical Society
314:Ohio Secretary of State
1409:Robert Colvin Macauley
1097:Nicholas Murray Butler
1092:William Cameron Sproul
364:
329:
246:Early political career
1500:Ohio Farmer–Laborites
1370:Socialist Labor Party
1293:Parley P. Christensen
1174:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1107:Robert M. La Follette
951:Trades Union Congress
359:
327:
233:Trades Union Congress
212:The Cleveland Citizen
1435:Other 1920 elections
1191:William Gibbs McAdoo
930:Trade union offices
728:. November 24, 1912.
643:. November 21, 1911.
641:Atlanta Constitution
419:St. Louis resolution
320:Challenge to Gompers
1485:American socialists
868:New political party
734:, pp. 414–416.
649:, pp. 282–283.
470:to his son-in-law.
207:from 1881 to 1890.
1380:William Wesley Cox
1283:Farmer–Labor Party
1196:A. Mitchell Palmer
1112:Jeter C. Pritchard
1082:Frank Orren Lowden
491:Cornell University
399:Journeymen Tailors
347:boring from within
330:
169:Farmer–Labor Party
1480:American Marxists
1452:
1451:
1426:
1425:
1417:Richard C. Barnum
1351:James E. Ferguson
1312:Prohibition Party
1230:
1229:
1211:Edward I. Edwards
1135:
1134:
1122:Howard Sutherland
1052:Warren G. Harding
976:
975:
965:Succeeded by
916:Succeeded by
891:Succeeded by
874:Social Democratic
614:, pp. 33–34.
468:Cleveland Citizen
278:and destructive.
167:candidate of the
165:vice presidential
161:Cleveland Citizen
142:
141:
114:Social Democratic
1537:
1359:William J. Hough
1322:Aaron S. Watkins
1236:
1235:
1184:Other candidates
1172:Vice President:
1154:
1153:
1142:Democratic Party
1117:Miles Poindexter
1070:Other candidates
1058:Vice President:
1040:
1039:
1028:Republican Party
1002:
995:
988:
979:
978:
949:delegate to the
935:Preceded by
924:
883:
859:
858:
854:
833:
826:Saposs, David J.
821:
812:
810:
808:
790:
772:
771:
764:
751:
741:
735:
729:
721:
715:
709:
700:
693:
684:
677:
666:
659:
650:
644:
636:
630:
629:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
574:
568:
474:Death and legacy
453:Great Depression
433:Washington state
295:Victor L. Berger
171:ticket in 1920.
117:
77:
74:October 11, 1945
54:
52:
33:
19:
18:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1422:
1393:
1388:August Gillhaus
1364:
1335:
1330:D. Leigh Colvin
1306:
1277:
1272:Seymour Stedman
1254:Socialist Party
1248:
1226:
1179:
1145:
1131:
1102:Calvin Coolidge
1065:
1060:Calvin Coolidge
1031:
1021:
1006:
972:
971:Dennis Driscoll
970:
968:William D. Ryan
956:
954:
942:
938:
937:Henry Blackmore
925:
922:
921:
910:
896:
885:
881:
880:
857:
841:
839:Further reading
836:
806:
804:
780:
775:
766:
765:
754:
742:
738:
730:Republished in
723:
722:
718:
710:
703:
694:
687:
678:
669:
660:
653:
638:
637:
633:
622:
618:
610:
606:
598:
577:
569:
552:
548:
543:
518:
476:
449:
411:
403:Brewery Workers
391:Shingle Weavers
343:minimum program
322:
268:Morris Hillquit
248:
205:Cleveland Press
182:
177:
138:
112:
107:Socialist Labor
94:Political party
89:
79:
75:
66:
56:
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1543:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
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1449:
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1446:
1441:
1431:
1428:
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1424:
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1412:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1341:American Party
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1264:Eugene V. Debs
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1222:Robert L. Owen
1219:
1216:Woodrow Wilson
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1127:Herbert Hoover
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1046:
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1022:
1005:
1004:
997:
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982:
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963:
943:
936:
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931:
927:
926:
917:
914:
898:
897:
892:
889:
870:
864:
863:
856:
855:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:
822:
813:
797:, ed. (1925).
795:De Leon, Solon
791:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:
752:
736:
716:
701:
699:, p. 285.
685:
683:, p. 284.
667:
665:, p. 283.
651:
631:
616:
604:
602:, p. 100.
575:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
531:
525:
517:
514:
475:
472:
448:
445:
415:antimilitarist
410:
407:
375:Bakery Workers
321:
318:
301:in that year.
291:Eugene V. Debs
264:Henry Slobodin
252:People's Party
247:
244:
198:Roman Catholic
181:
178:
176:
173:
153:Samuel Gompers
140:
139:
137:
136:
130:
124:
118:
110:
104:
97:
95:
91:
90:
80:
78:(aged 79)
72:
68:
67:
57:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1542:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
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1508:
1506:
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1501:
1498:
1496:
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1478:
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1471:
1468:
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1418:
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1396:
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1367:
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1268:
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1260:
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1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:John W. Davis
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Hiram Johnson
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
983:
980:
969:
962:
961:
960:Martin Lawlor
953:
952:
948:
941:
940:Patrick Dolan
933:
928:
920:
919:William Bouck
913:
909:
908:
904:
899:
895:
888:
884:
879:
875:
869:
865:
860:
852:
848:
844:
843:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
783:
782:
769:
763:
761:
759:
757:
750:, p. 34.
749:
745:
740:
733:
727:
720:
714:, p. 34.
713:
708:
706:
698:
692:
690:
682:
676:
674:
672:
664:
658:
656:
648:
642:
635:
627:
626:The Socialist
620:
613:
608:
601:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
572:
567:
565:
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532:
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513:
511:
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500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
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471:
469:
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462:
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428:on the ballot
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35:Hayes in 1910
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1434:
1415:VP nominee:
1414:
1406:
1386:VP nominee:
1385:
1377:
1357:VP nominee:
1356:
1348:
1328:VP nominee:
1327:
1319:
1301:Max S. Hayes
1300:
1299:VP nominee:
1298:
1290:
1270:VP nominee:
1269:
1261:
1171:
1166:James M. Cox
1163:
1140:
1077:Leonard Wood
1057:
1049:
1026:
1018:→ 1924
1010:← 1916
958:
955:1903
945:
905:nominee for
903:Farmer-Labor
901:
894:Job Harriman
876:nominee for
872:
867:
850:
847:Taft, Philip
829:
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805:. Retrieved
799:
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778:Bibliography
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437:James M. Cox
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283:Job Harriman
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190:Huron County
183:
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133:Farmer–Labor
76:(1945-10-11)
55:May 25, 1866
1475:1945 deaths
1465:1866 births
1245:independent
1241:Third party
1218:(incumbent)
1164:President:
1050:President:
748:Saposs 1926
712:Saposs 1926
612:Saposs 1926
451:During the
447:Later years
335:direct vote
299:US Congress
180:Early years
163:and as the
135:(1920–1936)
129:(1919–1920)
123:(1901–1919)
116:(1899–1901)
109:(1896–1899)
103:(1890–1896)
1459:Categories
1399:Single Tax
1247:candidates
1148:Convention
1034:Convention
807:October 3,
541:References
309:was born.
51:1866-05-25
1407:Nominee:
1378:Nominee:
1349:Nominee:
1320:Nominee:
1291:Nominee:
1262:Nominee:
571:Fink 1984
546:Footnotes
276:sectarian
175:Biography
149:socialist
121:Socialist
82:Cleveland
23:Max Hayes
1201:Al Smith
1157:Nominees
1043:Nominees
923:Withdrew
882:Withdrew
849:(1957).
828:(1926).
499:New York
389:and the
101:Populist
1444:Senate
957:With:
495:Ithaca
401:, and
186:Havana
59:Havana
1439:House
516:Works
417:1917
127:Labor
1243:and
1012:)
912:1920
887:1900
809:2021
293:and
266:and
194:Ohio
88:, US
86:Ohio
71:Died
65:, US
63:Ohio
41:Born
493:in
489:at
289:of
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49:(
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