20:
1094:
Much of this theoretical work is linked to mathematical model building, especially after the late 1970s adoption of a graph theoretic representation of social information processing, as Berger (2000) describes in looking back upon the development of his program of research. In 1962 he and his collaborators explained model building by reference to the goal of the model builder, which could be explication of a concept in a theory, representation of a single recurrent social process, or a broad theory based on a theoretical construct, such as, respectively, the concept of balance in psychological and social structures, the process of conformity in an experimental situation, and stimulus sampling theory.
1476:: Since 1980, Jasso has treated problems of distributive justice with an original theory that uses mathematical methods. She has elaborated upon and applied this theory to a wide range of social phenomena. Her most general mathematical apparatus – with the theory of distributive justice as a special case—deals with any subjective comparison between some actual state and some reference level for it, e.g., a comparison of an actual reward with an expected reward. In her justice theory, she starts with a very simple premise, the justice evaluation function (the natural logarithm of the ratio of actual to just reward) and then derives numerous empirically testable implications.
1479:(9) Collaborative research and John Skvoretz. A major feature of modern science is collaborative research in which the distinctive skills of the participants combine to produce original research. Skvoretz, in addition to this other contributions, has been a frequent collaborator in a variety of theoretical research programs, often using mathematical expertise as well as skills in experimental design, statistical data analysis and simulation methods. Some examples are: (1) Collaborative work on theoretical, statistical and mathematical problems in biased net theory. (2) Collaborative contributions to Expectation States Theory. (3) Collaborative contributions to
67:
969:. There is, however, a special case where one of the two sub-networks is empty, which might occur in very small networks. In another model, ties have relative strengths. 'Acquaintanceship' can be viewed as a 'weak' tie and 'friendship' is represented as a strong tie. Like its uniform cousin discussed above, there is a concept of closure, called strong triadic closure. A graph satisfies strong triadic closure If A is strongly connected to B, and B is strongly connected to C, then A and C must have a tie (either weak or strong).
1111:
1043:. Rashevsky's models and as well as the model constructed by Simon raise a question: how can one connect such theoretical models to the data of sociology, which often take the form of surveys in which the results are expressed in the form of proportions of people believing or doing something. This suggests deriving the equations from assumptions about the chances of an individual changing state in a small interval of time, a procedure well known in the mathematics of
3976:
965:, this work produced the fundamental theorem of this theory. It says that if a network of interrelated positive and negative ties is balanced, e.g. as illustrated by the psychological principle that "my friend's enemy is my enemy", then it consists of two sub-networks such that each has positive ties among its nodes and there are only negative ties between nodes in distinct sub-networks. The imagery here is of a social system that splits into two
1182:(JMS). Several trends stand out: the further development of formal theories that explain experimental data dealing with small group processes, the continuing interest in structural balance as a major mathematical and theoretical idea, the interpenetration of mathematical models oriented to theory and innovative quantitative techniques relating to methodology, the use of computer simulations to study problems in social complexity, interest in
4026:
863:
4012:
4000:
1469:
of a role relationship in which fundamental sentiments associated with each role guide the process of immediate interaction. A higher level of the control process can be activated in which the definition of the situation is transformed. This research program comprises several of the key chapters in a 2006 volume of contributions to control systems theory (in the sense of Powers 1975 ) in sociology.
1255:
sociologists drew upon
Coleman's formulation of a general template for micro-macro transition to gain leverage on the continuation of topics central to his and the discipline's explanatory focus on a variety of macrosocial phenomena in which rational choice simplified the micro level in the interest of combining individual actions to account for macro outcomes of social processes.
1054:, which showed how stochastic processes in social networks could be analyzed in such a way as to enable testing of the constructed model by comparison with the relevant data. The same idea can and has been applied to processes of change in social relations, an active research theme in the study of social networks, illustrated by an empirical study appearing in the journal Science.
1026:
mathematical sociology, the preferred style is encapsulated in the phrase "constructing a mathematical model." This means making specified assumptions about some social phenomenon, expressing them in formal mathematics, and providing an empirical interpretation for the ideas. It also means deducing properties of the model and comparing these with relevant empirical data.
1222:,” which is a coherent series of theoretical and empirical studies based on some fundamental principle or approach. There are more than a few of these programs and what follows is no more than a brief capsule description of leading exemplars of this idea in which there is an emphasis on the originating leadership in each program and its further development over decades.
1086:
biased net model. Later in the 1960s, Stanley
Milgram described the small world problem and undertook a field experiment dealing with it. A highly fertile idea was suggested and applied by Mark Granovetter in which he drew upon Rapoport's 1961 paper to suggest and apply a distinction between weak and strong ties. The key idea was that there was "strength" in weak ties.
1250:(in particular, their emergence). In this way, the book showed how rational choice theory could provide an effective basis for making the transition from micro to macro levels of sociological explanation. An important feature of the book is its use of mathematical ideas in generalizing the rational choice model to include
1468:
control mechanism in which immediate feelings and compared with fundamental sentiments in such a way as to generate an effort to bring immediate feelings in a situation into correspondence with sentiments. In the simplest models, each person in an interactive pair, is represented in terms of one side
1416:
has been one of Land's favorite outlets for the publication of papers that often lie in the intersection of quantitative methodology and mathematical sociology. Two of his theoretical papers appeared early in this journal: “Mathematical
Formalization of Durkheim's Theory of Division of Labor” (1970)
1343:
and Thomas J. Fararo: Many of this sociologist's contributions have been devoted to bringing mathematical thinking into greater contact with sociological theory. He organized a symposium attended by sociological theorists in which formal theorists delivered papers that were subsequently published in
1254:
as modifiers of outcomes and doing so such that the generalized theory captures the original more self-oriented theory as a special case, as point emphasized in a later analysis of the theory. The rationality presupposition of the theory led to debates among sociological theorists. Nevertheless, many
1400:
in Social
Networks: Conceptual Clarification.” In turn, the mathematical concept defined in that paper led to further elaborations of the ideas, to experimental tests, and to numerous applications in empirical studies. He is the author of a study of the history and sociology of the field of social
1327:
led to the use of mathematical graph theory as a way of representing and analyzing social information processing in self-other interactions. Berger and
Zelditch also advanced work in formal theorizing and mathematical model building as early as 1962 with a collaborative expository analysis of types
1093:
and his colleagues initiated such a program in which the central idea is the use of the theoretical concept "expectation state" to construct theoretical models to explain interpersonal processes, e.g., those linking external status in society to differential influence in local group decision-making.
937:
in which the nodes are persons and the links are acquaintanceship. During the late 1940s, formulas were derived that connected local parameters such as closure of contacts – if A is linked to both B and C, then there is a greater than chance probability that B and C are linked to each other – to the
1189:
Thus, topics from the earliest days, like balance and network models, continue to be of contemporary interest. The formal techniques employed remain many of the standard and well-known methods of mathematics: differential equations, stochastic processes and game theory. Newer tools like agent-based
1218:, have exhibited notable decades-long advances that began with path-setting contributions by leading mathematical sociologists and formal theorists. This provides another way of taking note of recent contributions but with an emphasis on continuity with early work through the use of the idea of “
1085:
In regard to
Rapoport's random and biased net theory, his 1961 study of a large sociogram, co-authored with Horvath turned out to become a very influential paper. There was early evidence of this influence. In 1964, Thomas Fararo and a co-author analyzed another large friendship sociogram using a
1030:
is the best-known contribution of this subfield to sociology as a whole and to the scientific community at large. The models typically used in mathematical sociology allow sociologists to understand how predictable local interactions are and they are often able to elicit global patterns of social
1025:
to construct social theories. Mathematical sociology aims to take sociological theory and to express it in mathematical terms. The benefits of this approach include increased clarity and the ability to use mathematics to derive implications of a theory that cannot be arrived at intuitively. In
1634:
a journal devoted to social structural analysis, very often employ mathematical models and related structural data analyses. In addition – importantly indicating the penetration of mathematical model building into sociological research – the major comprehensive journals in sociology, especially
1306:
and Joseph Berger: Under Berger's intellectual and organizational leadership, Expectation States Theory branched out into a large number of specific programs of research on specific problems, each treated in terms of the master concept of expectation states. He and his colleague and frequent
1237:
was the major theoretical work of a career that spanned the period from 1950s to 1990s and included many other research-based contributions. The
Foundation book combined accessible examples of how rational choice theory could function in the analysis of such sociological topics as authority,
1097:
The generations of mathematical sociologists that followed
Rapoport, Simon, Harary, Coleman, White and Berger, including those entering the field in the 1960s such as Thomas Fararo, Philip Bonacich, and Tom Mayer, among others, drew upon their work in a variety of ways.
1073:
Meanwhile, structural analysis of the type indicated earlier received a further extension to social networks based on institutionalized social relations, notably those of kinship. The linkage of mathematics and sociology here involved abstract algebra, in particular,
953:, which is the mathematical study of abstract representations of networks of points and lines, can be extended to include these two types of links and thereby to create models that represent both positive and negative sentiment relations, which are represented as
1616:(started in 1971) has been open to papers covering a broad spectrum of topics employing a variety of types of mathematics, especially through frequent special issues. Other journals in sociology who publish papers with substantial use of mathematics are
1612:(1967) is still of relevance. Of wider scope and mathematical sophistication is the text by Rapoport (1983). A very reader-friendly and imaginative introduction to explanatory thinking leading to models is Lave and March (1975, reprinted 1993). The
1328:
of models. Berger and
Zelditch stimulated advances in other theoretical research programs by providing outlets for the publication of new work, culminating in a 2002 edited volume that includes a chapter that presents an authoritative overview of
1069:
models (Coleman, 1990). This argument is similar to viewpoints expressed by other sociologists in their efforts to use rational choice theory in sociological analysis although such efforts have met with substantive and philosophical criticisms.
4827:
1607:
Mathematical sociology textbooks cover a variety of models, usually explaining the required mathematical background before discussing important work in the literature (Fararo 1973, Leik and Meeker 1975, Bonacich and Lu 2012). An earlier text by
1141:
Mathematical sociology remains a small subfield within the discipline, but it has succeeded in spawning a number of other subfields which share its goals of formally modeling social life. The foremost of these fields is
1395:
It rapidly became a major outlet for original research papers that used mathematical techniques to analyze network data. The journal also publishes conceptual and theoretical contributions, including his paper
1464:. Definition of the situation and self-other definitions are two of the leading concepts in affect control theory. The formalism used by Heise and other contributors uses a validated form of measurement and a
1298:
has been set out in detail in a recent monograph. White's later contributions include a structuralist approach to markets and, in 1992, a general theoretical framework, later appearing in a revised edition.
972:
In these two developments we have mathematical models bearing upon the analysis of structure. Other early influential developments in mathematical sociology pertained to process. For instance, in 1952
1282:
which start from a body of social relational data to produce analytical results using these procedures and concepts. These ideas and methods were developed in collaboration with his former students
1266:: In the decades since his earliest contributions, Harrison White has led the field in putting social structural analysis on a mathematical and empirical basis, including the 1970 publication of
988:
The emergence of mathematical models in the social sciences was part of the zeitgeist in the 1940s and 1950s in which a variety of new interdisciplinary scientific innovations occurred, such as
1178:
4772:
1514:(Coleman had died in 1995 before the section had been established.) Given every other year, the awardees include some of those just listed in terms of their career-long research programs:
1357:
1251:
1365:
4817:
1311:
not only produced work of their own but created a doctoral program at
Stanford University that led to an enormous outpouring of research by notable former students, including
2864:
Skvoretz, John; Mayhew, Bruce (1988). "The structure of stratified systems and the structure of mobility: a first approximation to a structural theory of vertical mobility".
1597:
4822:
4063:
1316:
1078:. This, in turn, led to a focus on a data-analytical version of homomorphic reduction of a complex social network (which along with many other techniques is presented in
1388:
981:
by constructing a model consisting of a deterministic system of differential equations. A formal study of the system led to theorems about the dynamics and the implied
1405:
1183:
1158:
and advanced statistical methods. The latter subfield also makes use of the vast new data sets on social activity generated by social interaction on the internet.
1345:
1259:
1349:
1340:
1487:
in a structuralist research program. From the early 1970s, Skvoretz has been one of the most prolific of contributors to the advance of mathematical sociology.
1412:: Kenneth Land has been on the frontier of quantitative methodology in sociology as well as formal theoretical model building. The influential yearly volume
1283:
4441:
1161:
One important indicator of the significance of mathematical sociology is that the general interest journals in the field, including such central journals as
4810:
4446:
1824:
1308:
1480:
1422:
1448:: In 1979, Heise published a groundbreaking formal and empirical study in the tradition of interpretive sociology, especially symbolic interactionism,
1540:
1453:
1452:
It was the origination of a research program that has included his further theoretical and empirical studies and those of other sociologists, such as
1377:
1324:
1191:
1062:
1547:
4056:
1312:
4170:
1609:
1526:
1417:
and “Formal Theory” (1971). His decades-long research program includes contributions relating to numerous special topics and methods, including
4805:
1484:
1146:, which has become among the fastest growing areas of sociology in the 21st century. The other major development in the field is the rise of
961:
if the product of the signs of all relations in every cycle (links in every graph cycle) is positive. Through formalization by mathematician
1875:
1320:
4623:
446:
4049:
4668:
4175:
2757:
Skvoretz, John; Fararo, Thomas J; Agneessens, F (2004). "Advances in biased net theory:Definitions, derivations, and estimations".
4584:
3557:
3208:
3186:
471:
2593:
Freeman, Linton C; Roeder, Douglas; Mulholland, Robert (1979–1980). "Centrality in social networks II. Experimental results".
1977:, & Faust, K.. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. New York and Cambridge, ENG: Cambridge University Press.
1490:
The above discussion could be expanded to include many other programs and individuals including European sociologists such as
4185:
2294:
2269:
1190:
models used in computer simulation studies are prominently represented. Perennial substantive problems still drive research:
4751:
3235:
1344:
2000. Through collaborations with students and colleagues his own theoretical research program dealt with such topics as
4205:
4200:
893:
490:
1294:. These three are among the more than 30 students who earned their doctorates under White in the period 1963-1986. The
3572:
2658:
2577:
2338:
2188:
1507:
1274:
model for mobility in and across organizations. His very influential other work includes the operational concepts of
1215:
1163:
832:
822:
526:
486:
4618:
4302:
3467:
2819:
Skvoretz, John; Willer, Dave (1993). "Exclusion and power: a test of four theories of power in exchange networks".
1702:
1169:
281:
4365:
4125:
4016:
3897:
3820:
3522:
1717:
581:
366:
117:
3203:
1437:. Thus Land brings to these fields the skills of a statistician, a mathematician and a sociologist, combined.
1233:, Coleman continued to make contributions to social theory and mathematical model building and his 1990 volume,
4292:
3280:
4876:
4297:
4190:
3432:
2784:
Skvoretz, John; Fararo, Thomas J (1996). "Status and participation in task groups: A dynamic network model".
1122:
847:
501:
4881:
4851:
4195:
3946:
3912:
1089:
Some programs of research in sociology employ experimental methods to study social interaction processes.
166:
132:
4237:
3991:
3916:
3270:
1747:
1090:
1039:
In 1954, a critical expository analysis of Rashevsky's social behavior models was written by sociologist
810:
136:
86:
4855:
4319:
4004:
1058:
827:
325:
4715:
4648:
4643:
4606:
4137:
4110:
4080:
3902:
3577:
3144:
1329:
1303:
817:
386:
256:
122:
3622:
2833:
2607:
653:
4572:
4567:
4476:
4436:
4152:
3986:
3527:
3336:
3228:
2725:
1908:
Kossinets, Gueorgi; Watts, Duncan J (2006). "An empirical analysis of an evolving social network".
1656:
1426:
376:
211:
1879:
4761:
3863:
3853:
3825:
3507:
3502:
3356:
2891:
Skvoretz, John (2000). "Looking backwards into the future: Mathematical sociology then and now".
1893:
Coleman, James S (1954). "An expository analysis of some of Rashevsky's social behavior models".
1672:
1373:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1027:
886:
626:
616:
586:
466:
451:
416:
336:
331:
231:
4397:
4756:
4730:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4495:
4458:
4404:
4130:
4120:
4098:
3532:
3492:
3368:
3346:
2932:
2828:
2602:
2180:
2052:
Travers, Jeffrey; Milgram, Stanley (1969). "An experimental study of the small world problem".
1786:
Mathematical Theory of Human Relations: An Approach to Mathematical Biology of Social Phenomena
1279:
1226:
541:
531:
511:
496:
396:
316:
221:
1186:
and the problem of emergence, and ever-increasing research on networks of social relations.
4683:
4663:
4601:
4530:
4309:
4287:
4262:
4162:
3951:
3835:
3810:
3632:
3587:
3562:
3547:
3497:
3462:
3392:
3382:
3308:
3265:
1441:
966:
842:
667:
596:
571:
476:
401:
361:
321:
306:
271:
244:
171:
3063:
Nicolas Rashevsky.: 1969, Outline of a Unified Approach to Physics, Biology and Sociology.,
2172:
4841:
4735:
4720:
4635:
4562:
4525:
4520:
4510:
4270:
4224:
3845:
3815:
3597:
3542:
3482:
3472:
3402:
3260:
3255:
3159:
1712:
1617:
1044:
1040:
930:
837:
639:
606:
576:
411:
381:
371:
301:
286:
81:
76:
3662:
691:
19:
8:
4710:
4579:
4490:
4377:
4348:
4072:
3961:
3687:
3567:
3517:
3422:
3412:
3303:
3221:
3050:
Rapoport, Anatol. 1983. Mathematical Models in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Wiley.
1763:
1151:
910:
711:
456:
356:
194:
181:
23:
3163:
4847:
4500:
4486:
4468:
4451:
4431:
4414:
4324:
4147:
3980:
3931:
3908:
3582:
3552:
3487:
3477:
3407:
3175:
3097:
2908:
2846:
2801:
2744:
New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory Edited by J Berger and M Zelditch Jr
2706:
2566:
2495:
Hummon, Norman P; Fararo, Thomas J (1995). "The emergence of computational sociology".
2435:
2371:
2327:
2242:
2124:
2104:
2069:
1933:
1707:
1434:
989:
913:
field of research concerned with the use of mathematics within sociological research.
879:
521:
516:
436:
391:
341:
311:
291:
151:
128:
3777:
2264:. Stockholm, Sweden: Department of Sociology, Stockholm University. pp. 213–216.
1380:). Two of his books are extended treatments of his approach to theoretical sociology.
787:
4673:
4409:
4387:
4314:
4275:
4252:
4041:
3926:
3858:
3840:
3717:
3652:
3627:
3512:
3326:
2978:
2912:
2805:
2654:
2647:
2616:
2573:
2535:
2481:
2439:
2334:
2290:
2265:
2184:
2173:
2004:
1974:
1925:
1767:
1697:
1519:
1473:
1418:
1384:
1263:
1203:
1079:
982:
922:
739:
683:
663:
621:
601:
431:
421:
351:
201:
146:
3677:
3187:
Home Page of Mathematical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association
2108:
1876:"Department of Sociology | Department of Sociology Cornell Arts & Sciences"
1810:
Rapoport, Anatol. (1957). "Contributions to the Theory of Random and Biased Nets."
1173:, have published mathematical models that became influential in the field at large.
703:
4591:
4382:
4370:
4353:
4331:
4280:
4232:
4093:
3956:
3782:
3732:
3667:
3537:
3457:
3437:
3351:
3288:
3179:
3167:
2928:
Bartos, Otomar. 1967. "Simple Models of Group Behavior." Columbia University Press.
2900:
2873:
2838:
2793:
2766:
2698:
2612:
2531:
2504:
2477:
2427:
2246:
2232:
2096:
2061:
1996:
1937:
1917:
1759:
1682:
1219:
1195:
974:
791:
751:
695:
551:
506:
461:
406:
346:
261:
226:
176:
66:
3053:
Nicolas Rashevsky.: 1965, The Representation of Organisms in Terms of Predicates,
2942:
Berger, Joseph, Bernard P. Cohen, J. Laurie Snell, and Morris Zelditch, Jr. 1962.
2877:
2508:
4697:
4653:
4480:
4424:
4419:
4358:
4180:
4105:
3936:
3792:
3787:
3767:
3742:
3657:
3642:
3592:
3442:
3427:
3417:
3331:
3293:
2982:
2957:
2770:
2369:
Berger, Joseph; Cohen, Bernard P.; Snell, J. Laurie; Zelditch Jr, Morris (1962).
2237:
2220:
1843:
1409:
1369:
1333:
1239:
1066:
1057:
In other work, Coleman employed mathematical ideas drawn from economics, such as
926:
799:
795:
779:
759:
687:
675:
564:
536:
481:
441:
206:
156:
4341:
4030:
3892:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3697:
3647:
2632:
The development of social network analysis: a study in the sociology of science
2405:
Editor. Mathematical Ideas and Sociological Theory: Current State and Prospects
2122:
Berger, Joseph; Cohen, Bernard P; Snell, J Laurie; Zelditch Jr, Morris (1962).
1727:
1692:
1589:
1575:
1561:
1533:
1495:
1461:
1445:
1287:
1243:
958:
934:
867:
783:
775:
771:
767:
719:
679:
266:
112:
39:
31:
4870:
4658:
4613:
4596:
4242:
4115:
3941:
3887:
3737:
3722:
3707:
3702:
3617:
3298:
2522:
Hummon, Norman P; Fararo, Thomas J (1995). "Actors and networks as objects".
2468:
Fararo, Thomas J; Doreian, Patrick (1984). "Tripartite structural analysis".
1771:
1722:
1582:
1568:
1554:
1457:
1353:
1295:
1291:
1271:
1199:
1176:
More recent trends in mathematical sociology are evident in contributions to
978:
755:
743:
727:
723:
649:
161:
107:
43:
2904:
2431:
1921:
1596:
The section's other categories of awards and their recipients are listed at
4678:
4557:
4336:
4247:
4142:
3727:
3672:
3377:
3090:
Simon, Herbert A. 1952. "A Formal Theory of Interaction in Social Groups."
2008:
1929:
1652:
1625:
1361:
1075:
962:
954:
950:
747:
699:
3010:
The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology: Tradition and Formalization.
2000:
1387:: In the early 1960s Freeman directed a sophisticated empirical study of
4789:
4705:
3830:
3747:
3712:
3682:
3387:
2568:
The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology: Tradition and Formalization
1895:
Mathematical Thinking in the Social Sciences Edited by Paul F. Lazarsfeld
1677:
1491:
1247:
1022:
1014:
997:
993:
763:
735:
707:
591:
546:
276:
251:
1110:
4725:
3921:
3397:
3341:
3198:
2850:
2710:
2073:
2026:. Syracuse, NY: Youth Development Center and Syracuse University Press.
1987:
Rapoport, Anatol; Horvath, N J (1961). "A study of a large sociogram".
1687:
1667:
1662:
1465:
1430:
1397:
1275:
1000:
and mathematical model building in the social and behavioral sciences.
296:
216:
141:
1621:
4773:
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
4088:
3692:
3637:
3244:
3171:
1061:, to argue that general social theory should begin with a concept of
1018:
715:
671:
58:
27:
2842:
2702:
2065:
42:
of the bridge, with radial members to tie the tangents together and
3024:
Understanding Events: Affect and the Construction of Social Action.
2797:
2689:
Jasso, Guillermina (1980). "A new theory of distributive justice".
2100:
1799:
Mathematical Biophysics:Physico-Mathematical Foundations of Biology
1510:
in 2002 initiated awards for contributions to the field, including
1450:
Understanding Events: Affect and the Construction of Social Action.
1065:
and, for analytical reasons, approximate such action by the use of
4025:
2649:
Purpose, Meaning and Action: Control Systems Theories in Sociology
862:
3882:
3204:
European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology (ESMTB)
2418:
Fararo, Thomas J. (November 2000). "Symposium on Formal Theory".
102:
35:
1643:
regularly publish articles featuring mathematical formulations.
1268:
Chains of Opportunity: System Models of Mobility in Organization
4828:
European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences
4392:
4210:
3073:
Rosen, Robert. 1972. "Tribute to Nicolas Rashevsky 1899-1972."
2285:
Doreian, Patrick; Batagelj, Vladimir; Ferligoj, Anuska (2004).
977:
produced a mathematical formalization of a published theory of
2985:. 2004. Generalized Blockmodeling. Cambridge University Press.
1214:
Many of the developments in mathematical sociology, including
1965:
White, Harrison C. 1963. An Anatomy of Kinship. Prentice-Hall
4823:
International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
3213:
3142:
2592:
1512:
The James S. Coleman Distinguished Career Achievement Award.
933:
and probabilistic approach to the characterization of large
2742:
Jasso, Gullermina (2002). "Seven secrets of doing theory".
2368:
2121:
2329:
Identity and Control: A Structural Theory of Social Action
2219:
Raub, Werner; Buskens, Vincent; Van Assen, Marcel (2011).
949:
such as animosity among persons? To tackle this problem,
2312:
Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production
1150:, which expands the mathematical toolkit with the use of
2988:
Edling, Christofer R. 2002. "Mathematics in Sociology,"
2933:
Theory and Formalization: Some Reflections on Experience
2756:
2037:
Milgram, Stanley (May 1967). "The small world problem".
2284:
2087:
Granovetter, Mark (1973). "The Strength of Weak Ties".
4071:
2206:
Editors. Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique
1953:
Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique. Editors
4442:
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
3191:
2221:"Micro-macro links and microfoundations in sociology"
1626:
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
4818:
Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles
4811:
Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
4447:
Numerical methods for partial differential equations
4161:
3123:
Identity and Control: A Structural Theory of Action.
2455:
Generating Images of Stratification: A Formal Theory
2218:
1801:., University of Chicago Press : Chicago Press.
1202:
origins and consequences, segregation, cooperation,
46:
the structure, making it rigid and self-supporting.
26:, or officially Wooden Bridge, is an arch bridge in
4634:
3130:
Identity and Control: How Social Formations Emerge.
1501:
3102:Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications.
2951:New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory
2646:
2565:
2390:New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory
2370:
2326:
2160:. London, UK: Routledge. Taylor and Francis Group.
2123:
1842:
1823:Cartwright, Dorwin & Harary, Frank. (1956). "
1618:Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory
3038:An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences.
2387:
1332:as a program of cumulative research dealing with
4868:
2644:
1862:Editors. Readings in Mathematical Social Science
1229:and James S. Coleman: After his 1964 pioneering
2944:Types of Formalization in Small Group Research.
2333:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
2289:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
1986:
1859:
4806:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
2863:
2818:
2783:
2358:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
2314:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
2051:
2021:
1907:
4057:
3229:
3132:2nd Ed. (Revised) Princeton University Press.
3083:Leik, Robert K. and Barbara F. Meeker. 1975.
3043:Leik, Robert K. and Barbara F. Meeker. 1975.
2949:Berger, Joseph and Morris Zelditch Jr. 2002.
2572:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2467:
2204:Coleman, James S.; Fararo, Thomas J. (1992).
2203:
1950:
1659:, based on a massive expansion of the premise
887:
4624:Supersymmetric theory of stochastic dynamics
2521:
2494:
2452:
2388:Berger, Joseph; Zelditch Jr, Morris (2002).
1050:Coleman embodied this idea in his 1964 book
34:. The arrangement of timbers is a series of
3450:
3017:The Development of Social Network Analysis.
3003:Mathematical Ideas and Sociological Theory.
2086:
2022:Fararo, Thomas J; Sunshine, Morris (1964).
1951:Coleman, James S; Fararo, Thomas J (1992).
1784:* Nicolas Rashevsky.: 1947/1949 (2nd ed.).
1008:
4064:
4050:
3236:
3222:
2965:An Introduction to Mathematical Sociology.
1860:Lazarsfeld, Paul F; Henry, Neil W (1966).
1506:The Mathematical Sociology section of The
894:
880:
65:
2832:
2645:McClelland, Kent; Fararo, Thomas (2006).
2606:
2236:
1827:: A Generalization of Heider's Theory."
1529:, University of California, Santa Barbara
938:global network property of connectivity.
3209:Mathematical Sociology Section Home Page
2890:
2453:Fararo, Thomas J; Kosaka, Kenji (2003).
1550:, University of California, Los Angeles.
18:
3143:John Skvoretz; Thomas J Fararo (1952).
2629:
2392:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
2262:The General Sociology of Harrison White
2036:
1892:
1797:Nicolas Rashevsky. 1938/1948 (2nd ed.).
1034:
4869:
2958:Introduction to Mathematical Sociology
2673:
2653:. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan.
2563:
2548:
2417:
2402:
2170:
1849:. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.
1840:
1745:
1472:(8) "Distributive Justice Theory" and
1391:. In 1978 he established the journal
1270:s which set out and applied to data a
1231:Introduction to Mathematical Sociology
1052:Introduction to Mathematical Sociology
1021:research, mathematical sociology uses
925:, and subsequently in the late 1940s,
4045:
3217:
3036:Lave, Charles and James March. 1975.
2741:
2688:
2353:
2324:
2309:
2155:
2140:
1602:
1598:ASA Section on Mathematical Sociology
1296:theory and application of blockmodels
1179:The Journal of Mathematical Sociology
3999:
3193:The Society for Mathematical Biology
2143:Social Network Analysis. 4th Edition
1764:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.140942
1323:. Collaboration with mathematician
1209:
1105:
4011:
3199:Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics
3065:Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics
3055:Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics
2676:Behavior: The Control of Perception
1812:Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics
1788:. Bloomington, ID: Principia Press.
1578:, University of California, Irvine.
1358:subjective images of stratification
1101:
16:Interdisciplinary field of research
13:
4073:Industrial and applied mathematics
2998:Wiley. Reprinted by Krieger, 1978.
2922:
2634:. North Charleston, SC: BookSurge.
2407:. New York, NY: Gordon and Breach.
2179:. Westport, CT: Praeger. pp.
14:
4893:
4303:Stochastic differential equations
3136:
2866:Journal of Mathematical Sociology
2723:
2497:Journal of Mathematical Sociology
2225:Journal of Mathematical Sociology
1641:The American Sociological Review,
1637:The American Journal of Sociology
1614:Journal of Mathematical Sociology
1508:American Sociological Association
1252:interpersonal sentiment relations
1164:The American Journal of Sociology
4619:Supersymmetric quantum mechanics
4024:
4010:
3998:
3975:
3974:
2956:Bonacich, Philip and Philip Lu.
2024:A Study of Biased Friendship Net
1703:Society for Mathematical Biology
1502:Awards in mathematical sociology
1383:(5) Social Network Analysis and
1170:The American Sociological Review
1109:
941:Moreover, acquaintanceship is a
861:
4501:Stochastic variational calculus
4293:Ordinary differential equations
3075:Progress in Theoretical Biology
2884:
2857:
2812:
2777:
2750:
2735:
2717:
2682:
2667:
2638:
2623:
2586:
2557:
2542:
2515:
2488:
2461:
2446:
2411:
2396:
2381:
2377:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
2362:
2347:
2318:
2303:
2278:
2253:
2212:
2197:
2164:
2149:
2134:
2130:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
2115:
2080:
2045:
2030:
2015:
1980:
1968:
1959:
1944:
1901:
447:Peace, war, and social conflict
4298:Partial differential equations
4171:Arbitrary-precision arithmetic
1886:
1868:
1853:
1834:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1746:Edling, Christofer R. (2002).
1739:
1557:, University of South Florida.
1366:tripartite structural analysis
1:
4186:Interactive geometry software
3243:
2972:Foundations of Social Theory.
2960:. Princeton University Press.
2878:10.1080/0022250X.1988.9990033
2786:American Journal of Sociology
2509:10.1080/0022250X.1995.9990155
2089:American Journal of Sociology
1733:
1003:
921:Starting in the early 1940s,
3092:American Sociological Review
2821:American Sociological Review
2771:10.1016/j.socnet.2004.01.005
2691:American Sociological Review
2617:10.1016/0378-8733(79)90002-9
2536:10.1016/0378-8733(94)00245-6
2482:10.1016/0378-8733(84)90015-7
2259:
2238:10.1080/0022250X.2010.532263
1235:Foundations of Social Theory
957:. A signed graph is called
7:
4238:Computational number theory
4201:Numerical-analysis software
3125:Princeton University Press.
3104:Cambridge University Press.
3100:and Katherine Faust. 1994.
3031:Quantitative Sociodynamics.
3026:Cambridge University Press.
3012:Cambridge University Press.
2990:Annual Review of Sociology.
2354:White, Harrison C. (2008).
2325:White, Harrison C. (1992).
2310:White, Harrison C. (2002).
1897:(New York: The Free Press).
1646:
1622:Journal of social structure
1585:, University of Pittsburgh.
10:
4898:
3898:Human environmental impact
2630:Freeman, Linton C (2004).
2403:Fararo, Thomas J. (1984).
2145:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
1752:Annual Review of Sociology
1748:"Mathematics in Sociology"
1352:(both with former student
1059:general equilibrium theory
916:
118:Human environmental impact
4836:
4798:
4782:
4744:
4696:
4644:Algebra of physical space
4509:
4467:
4261:
4223:
4111:Automated theorem proving
4079:
3971:
3874:
3801:
3610:
3367:
3317:
3279:
3251:
3118:Harvard University Press.
3107:White, Harrison C. 1963.
3015:Freeman, Linton C. 2004.
2974:Harvard University Press.
2564:Fararo, Thomas J (1989).
2287:Generalized Blockmodeling
2171:Fararo, Thomas J (2001).
1955:. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
1841:Homans, George C (1950).
1483:. (4) Collaboration with
1389:community power structure
1330:Expectation states theory
1304:Expectation states theory
4437:Numerical linear algebra
3337:Structural functionalism
3145:"Mathematical sociology"
2994:Fararo, Thomas J. 1973.
2963:Coleman, James S. 1964.
2674:Powers, William (1975).
2553:. Westport, CT: Praeger.
2156:Clark, Jon, ed. (1996).
1427:mathematical criminology
1425:, stochastic processes,
1414:Sociological Methodology
1406:Quantitative Methodology
1206:, power, and much more.
1009:Mathematics in sociology
929:and others, developed a
212:Structural functionalism
4176:Finite element analysis
4126:Constraint satisfaction
3907:Industrial revolutions
3357:Symbolic interactionism
3085:Mathematical Sociology.
3045:Mathematical Sociology.
2996:Mathematical Sociology.
2953:Rowman and Littlefield.
2931:Berger, Joseph. 2000. "
2905:10.1111/0735-2751.00117
2726:"Curriculum Vitae 2018"
2678:. Chicago, IL.: Aldine.
2549:Fararo, Thomas (2001).
2432:10.1111/0735-2751.00112
1922:10.1126/science.1116869
1673:Computational sociology
1536:, University of Arizona
1374:computational sociology
1156:artificial intelligence
1148:computational sociology
1144:social network analysis
1028:Social network analysis
232:Symbolic interactionism
127:Industrial revolutions
4731:Mathematical economics
4405:Multivariable calculus
4288:Differential equations
4131:Constraint programming
4121:Computational geometry
3347:Social constructionism
3116:Chains of Opportunity.
3109:An Anatomy of Kinship.
3022:Heise, David R. 1979.
2373:Types of Formalization
2260:Azarian, Reza (2003).
2126:Types of Formalization
1592:, Columbia University.
1346:macrostructural theory
1280:structural equivalence
1260:Structuralism (Formal)
1227:Rational Choice Theory
907:Mathematical sociology
222:Social constructionism
47:
4684:Supersymmetry algebra
4669:Representation theory
4664:Renormalization group
4310:Differential geometry
4191:Optimization software
4163:Mathematical software
3952:Social stratification
3836:Conversation analysis
3393:Cultural anthropology
3383:Comparative sociology
3309:Sociological practice
3029:Helbing, Dirk. 1995.
3001:_____. 1984. Editor.
2551:Social Action Systems
2457:. New York: Springer.
2175:Social Action Systems
2001:10.1002/bs.3830060402
1564:, Indiana University.
1522:, New York University
1442:Affect Control Theory
1360:(with former student
1350:E-state structuralism
1341:Theoretical Sociology
1339:(4) Formalization in
597:Conversation analysis
172:Social stratification
22:
4877:Sociology of science
4736:Mathematical finance
4721:Social choice theory
4636:Algebraic structures
4585:in quantum mechanics
4521:Analytical mechanics
4487:Stochastic processes
4459:Variational calculus
4271:Approximation theory
4196:Statistical software
3403:Historical sociology
2724:Jasso, Guillermina.
2356:Identity and Control
2141:Scott, John (2017).
1829:Psychological Review
1713:James Samuel Coleman
1152:computer simulations
1045:stochastic processes
1035:Further developments
4882:Applied mathematics
4711:Operations research
4580:Perturbation theory
4378:Multilinear algebra
4349:Functional analysis
4206:Numerical libraries
4138:Computational logic
3962:Social cycle theory
3423:Social anthropology
3413:Political sociology
3304:Sociological theory
3164:1952Natur.170....3G
2937:Sociological Theory
2893:Sociological Theory
2420:Sociological Theory
1718:James D. Montgomery
1184:micro–macro linkage
182:Social cycle theory
53:Part of a series on
24:Mathematical Bridge
4848:Mathematics portal
4745:Other applications
4469:Probability theory
4452:Validated numerics
4432:Numerical analysis
4325:Geometric analysis
4315:Differential forms
4148:Information theory
4031:Society portal
3932:Social environment
3558:race and ethnicity
3408:Industrial society
3098:Wasserman, Stanley
3005:Gordon and Breach.
2977:Doreian, Patrick,
1989:Behavioral Science
1825:Structural Balance
1708:Interpersonal ties
1603:Texts and journals
1571:, Yale University.
1543:, Duke University.
1435:social forecasting
1401:network analysis.
1309:Morris Zelditch Jr
1121:. You can help by
990:information theory
983:equilibrium states
868:Society portal
491:History of science
472:Race and ethnicity
152:Social environment
48:
38:that describe the
4864:
4863:
4698:Decision sciences
4692:
4691:
4674:Spacetime algebra
4366:Harmonic analysis
4332:Dynamical systems
4276:Clifford analysis
4253:Discrete geometry
4219:
4218:
4039:
4038:
3927:Social complexity
3859:Social experiment
3606:
3605:
3433:Social psychology
3033:Kluwer Academics.
2979:Vladimir Batagelj
2946:Houghton-Mifflin.
2296:978-0-521-84085-9
2271:978-91-7265-603-1
1698:Nicolas Rashevsky
1657:Foundation series
1520:Guillermina Jasso
1481:Elementary Theory
1474:Guillermina Jasso
1423:social indicators
1419:social statistics
1385:Linton C. Freeman
1284:François Lorraine
1264:Harrison C. White
1210:Research programs
1204:collective action
1139:
1138:
1082:and Faust 1994).
945:, but what about
923:Nicolas Rashevsky
911:interdisciplinary
904:
903:
622:Social experiment
502:Social psychology
147:Social complexity
4889:
4649:Feynman integral
4632:
4631:
4592:Potential theory
4481:random variables
4371:Fourier analysis
4354:Operator algebra
4281:Clifford algebra
4233:Computer algebra
4159:
4158:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4029:
4028:
4014:
4013:
4002:
4001:
3978:
3977:
3957:Social structure
3854:Network analysis
3448:
3447:
3438:Sociolinguistics
3428:Social movements
3352:Social darwinism
3289:Public sociology
3238:
3231:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3183:
3172:10.1038/170003a0
3149:
3019:Empirical Press.
2917:
2916:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2836:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2792:(5): 1366–1414.
2781:
2775:
2774:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2652:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2571:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2332:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2178:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2095:(6): 1360–1380.
2084:
2078:
2077:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:Psychology Today
2034:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1878:. Archived from
1872:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1743:
1683:Thomas Schelling
1632:Social Networks,
1541:Lynn Smith-Lovin
1454:Lynn Smith-Lovin
1393:Social Networks.
1378:Norman P. Hummon
1376:(with colleague
1368:(with colleague
1325:Robert Z. Norman
1220:research program
1196:social influence
1192:social diffusion
1134:
1131:
1113:
1106:
1102:Present research
1063:purposive action
1041:James S. Coleman
975:Herbert A. Simon
896:
889:
882:
866:
865:
617:Network analysis
507:Sociocybernetics
497:Social movements
227:Social darwinism
177:Social structure
69:
50:
49:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4832:
4794:
4778:
4740:
4688:
4654:Poisson algebra
4630:
4512:
4505:
4463:
4359:Operator theory
4257:
4215:
4181:Tensor software
4157:
4106:Automata theory
4075:
4070:
4040:
4035:
4023:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3937:Social equality
3870:
3869:
3868:
3797:
3611:Major theorists
3602:
3446:
3443:Urban sociology
3418:Rural sociology
3370:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3332:Critical theory
3327:Conflict theory
3313:
3294:Social research
3281:General aspects
3275:
3247:
3242:
3147:
3139:
3040:Harper and Row.
2983:Anuska Ferligoj
2925:
2923:Further reading
2920:
2889:
2885:
2862:
2858:
2843:10.2307/2095952
2834:10.1.1.295.2551
2817:
2813:
2782:
2778:
2759:Social Networks
2755:
2751:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2703:10.2307/2095239
2687:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2643:
2639:
2628:
2624:
2608:10.1.1.484.9992
2595:Social Networks
2591:
2587:
2580:
2562:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2524:Social Networks
2520:
2516:
2493:
2489:
2470:Social Networks
2466:
2462:
2451:
2447:
2416:
2412:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2382:
2367:
2363:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2323:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2258:
2254:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:–278 (Ch. 11).
2169:
2165:
2158:James S Coleman
2154:
2150:
2139:
2135:
2120:
2116:
2085:
2081:
2066:10.2307/2786545
2050:
2046:
2035:
2031:
2020:
2016:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1916:(5757): 88–90.
1906:
1902:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1845:The Human Group
1839:
1835:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1649:
1605:
1548:Philip Bonacich
1504:
1410:Kenneth C. Land
1370:Patrick Doreian
1334:group processes
1212:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1119:needs expansion
1104:
1067:rational choice
1037:
1011:
1006:
935:social networks
927:Anatol Rapoport
919:
900:
860:
853:
852:
813:
803:
802:
730:
656:
642:
640:Major theorists
632:
631:
567:
557:
556:
247:
237:
236:
207:Critical theory
202:Conflict theory
197:
187:
186:
157:Social equality
98:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4895:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4845:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4484:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4342:Control theory
4339:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4020:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3893:Human behavior
3890:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:stratification
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3369:Related fields
3365:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3152:Sociopedia.isa
3138:
3137:External links
3135:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3111:Prentice-Hall.
3105:
3095:
3088:
3087:Prentice-Hall.
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3048:
3047:Prentice-Hall.
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2986:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2939:18(3):482-489.
2929:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2899:(3): 510–517.
2883:
2872:(3): 193–242.
2856:
2827:(6): 801–818.
2811:
2798:10.1086/230826
2776:
2765:(2): 113–139.
2749:
2734:
2716:
2681:
2666:
2659:
2637:
2622:
2601:(2): 119–141.
2585:
2578:
2556:
2541:
2514:
2503:(2–3): 79–87.
2487:
2476:(2): 141–175.
2460:
2445:
2426:(3): 475–523.
2410:
2395:
2380:
2361:
2346:
2339:
2317:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2270:
2252:
2211:
2196:
2189:
2163:
2148:
2133:
2114:
2101:10.1086/225469
2079:
2060:(4): 425–443.
2044:
2029:
2014:
1995:(4): 279–291.
1979:
1967:
1958:
1943:
1900:
1885:
1882:on 2015-09-24.
1867:
1852:
1833:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1758:(1): 197–220.
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1728:Social network
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Harrison White
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1648:
1645:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1590:Harrison White
1586:
1579:
1576:Linton Freeman
1572:
1565:
1562:David R. Heise
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1534:Ronald Breiger
1530:
1523:
1503:
1500:
1496:Raymond Boudon
1462:Neil MacKinnon
1446:David R. Heise
1313:Murray Webster
1288:Ronald Breiger
1244:social capital
1211:
1208:
1137:
1136:
1116:
1114:
1103:
1100:
1036:
1033:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
985:of any group.
918:
915:
902:
901:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
855:
854:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
809:
808:
805:
804:
658:
657:
643:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
568:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
267:Astrosociology
264:
259:
254:
248:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
198:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
125:
120:
115:
113:Human behavior
110:
105:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
84:
79:
71:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
32:United Kingdom
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4894:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:Organizations
4797:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Quantum group
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:Supersymmetry
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4597:String theory
4595:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4496:Path integral
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4477:Distributions
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Combinatorics
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Coding theory
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4081:Computational
4078:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3970:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:Social equity
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Globalization
3886:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Computational
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:consciousness
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:and subfields
3366:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Social theory
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3131:
3128:_____. 2008.
3127:
3124:
3121:_____. 1992.
3120:
3117:
3114:_____. 1970.
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:_____. 1989.
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2970:_____. 1990.
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2738:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2660:9781403967985
2656:
2651:
2650:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2579:9780521372589
2575:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2340:9780691003986
2336:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2231:(1–3): 1–25.
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:9780275973629
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1975:Wasserman, S.
1971:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Thomas Fararo
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:Otomar Bartos
1600:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:Thomas Fararo
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:Scott Boorman
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:John Skvoretz
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:Noah Friedkin
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1494:and the late
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:Dawn Robinson
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:John Skvoretz
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:collaborator
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:Scott Boorman
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:vacancy chain
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:formal theory
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:social status
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1117:This section
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:Joseph Berger
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
979:social groups
976:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:signed graphs
952:
948:
947:negative ties
944:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
914:
912:
908:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
858:
857:
856:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Organizations
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782: ·
781:
778: ·
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738: ·
737:
734:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670: ·
669:
665:
662:
655:
651:
648:
645:
644:
641:
636:
635:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:Computational
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
566:
561:
560:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Environmental
330:
327:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Consciousness
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
196:
191:
190:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Social equity
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Globalization
106:
104:
101:
100:
94:
93:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
68:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4854: /
4850: /
4840:
4766:
4716:Optimization
4679:Superalgebra
4538:Field theory
4511:Mathematical
4489: /
4337:Chaos theory
4320:Gauge theory
4248:Graph theory
4143:Cryptography
4022:
4015:
4003:
3979:
3947:Social power
3850:Mathematical
3831:Ethnographic
3811:Quantitative
3578:small groups
3451:Sociology of
3378:Anthropology
3318:Perspectives
3192:
3155:
3151:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2971:
2964:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2719:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2675:
2669:
2648:
2640:
2631:
2625:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2567:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2454:
2448:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2389:
2383:
2372:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2328:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2286:
2280:
2261:
2255:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2142:
2136:
2125:
2117:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2017:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1880:the original
1870:
1864:. MIT Press.
1861:
1855:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1814:19: 257-277.
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1653:Isaac Asimov
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:Articles in
1629:
1613:
1606:
1595:
1511:
1505:
1489:
1485:Bruce Mayhew
1478:
1471:
1449:
1439:
1413:
1403:
1392:
1382:
1362:Kenji Kosaka
1338:
1317:David Wagner
1301:
1267:
1257:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1213:
1188:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1140:
1127:
1123:adding to it
1118:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:group theory
1072:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1019:sociological
1013:Focusing on
1012:
987:
971:
963:Frank Harary
951:graph theory
946:
943:positive tie
942:
940:
920:
906:
905:
818:Bibliography
732:
660:
659:
646:
612:Mathematical
611:
592:Ethnographic
572:Quantitative
426:
257:Architecture
195:Perspectives
167:Social power
4856:topics list
4790:Mathematics
4706:Game theory
4607:Topological
4573:Topological
4568:Statistical
4531:Hamiltonian
4017:WikiProject
3821:Comparative
3816:Qualitative
3783:Baudrillard
3633:Tocqueville
3528:immigration
3503:environment
3388:Criminology
3158:(4314): 3.
3094:17:202-212.
2967:Free Press.
2697:(1): 3–32.
1831:63:277-293.
1678:Game Theory
1492:Peter Abell
1321:Hamit Fisek
1031:structure.
1023:mathematics
1015:mathematics
998:cybernetics
994:game theory
823:Terminology
792:Baudrillard
668:Tocqueville
582:Comparative
577:Qualitative
547:Victimology
377:Immigration
362:Generations
277:Criminology
44:triangulate
4871:Categories
4762:Psychology
4726:Statistics
4526:Lagrangian
4153:Statistics
4089:Algorithms
3981:Categories
3922:Popularity
3875:Key themes
3841:Historical
3593:technology
3398:Demography
3342:Positivism
3070:: 159-198.
3060:: 477-491.
2746:: 317–342.
2054:Sociometry
1734:References
1688:Peter Blau
1668:Statistics
1663:Positivism
1466:cybernetic
1431:demography
1398:Centrality
1276:blockmodel
1130:April 2010
1004:Approaches
931:relational
848:By country
602:Historical
527:Technology
467:Punishment
452:Philosophy
427:Mathematic
417:Literature
382:Industrial
372:Historical
297:Demography
217:Positivism
142:Popularity
97:Key themes
4767:Sociology
4757:Chemistry
4553:Effective
4548:Conformal
4543:Classical
4415:Geometric
4388:Geometric
3846:Interview
3628:Martineau
3533:knowledge
3493:education
3488:economics
3245:Sociology
2913:144850864
2829:CiteSeerX
2806:144193428
2603:CiteSeerX
2440:145568310
1772:0360-0572
1080:Wasserman
664:Martineau
607:Interview
532:Terrorism
512:Sociology
457:Political
397:Knowledge
317:Education
59:Sociology
28:Cambridge
4842:Category
4491:analysis
4410:Exterior
4383:Exterior
4263:Analysis
4225:Discrete
4099:analysis
3992:Journals
3903:Identity
3788:Bourdieu
3778:Habermas
3773:Luhmann
3768:Foucault
3703:Mannheim
3678:Durkheim
3563:religion
3553:military
3548:medicine
3498:emotions
3483:deviance
3266:Timeline
2530:: 1–26.
2109:59578641
2009:14490358
1930:16400149
1647:See also
1246:and the
959:balanced
843:Timeline
828:Journals
796:Bourdieu
788:Habermas
784:Luhmann
780:Foucault
724:Mannheim
704:Durkheim
477:Religion
437:Military
402:Language
387:Internet
342:Feminist
326:Jealousy
312:Economic
307:Disaster
302:Deviance
245:Branches
123:Identity
36:tangents
4852:outline
4783:Related
4752:Biology
4602:Bosonic
4563:Quantum
4513:physics
4479: (
4211:Solvers
4005:Commons
3883:Society
3802:Methods
3793:Giddens
3758:Goffman
3753:Schoeck
3698:Du Bois
3663:Tönnies
3643:Spencer
3573:science
3543:leisure
3473:culture
3261:History
3256:Outline
3180:4181915
3160:Bibcode
2851:2095952
2711:2095239
2247:1027308
2208:. Sage.
2074:2786545
1938:8624120
1910:Science
1017:within
967:cliques
917:History
800:Giddens
798:·
794:·
786:·
774:·
772:Goffman
768:Schoeck
754:·
746:·
722:·
720:Du Bois
718:·
710:·
706:·
698:·
692:Tönnies
690:·
676:Spencer
674:·
652:·
565:Methods
542:Utopian
487:Science
432:Medical
422:Marxist
412:Leisure
322:Emotion
287:Culture
103:Society
82:Outline
77:History
4425:Vector
4420:Tensor
4398:Vector
4393:Tensor
4094:design
3864:Survey
3763:Bauman
3738:Nisbet
3733:Merton
3723:Gehlen
3718:Adorno
3683:Addams
3673:Simmel
3668:Veblen
3658:Pareto
3648:Le Bon
3623:Sieyès
3523:health
3518:gender
3508:family
3178:
2981:, and
2911:
2849:
2831:
2804:
2709:
2657:
2605:
2576:
2438:
2337:
2293:
2268:
2245:
2187:
2107:
2072:
2007:
1936:
1928:
1770:
1588:2002:
1581:2004:
1574:2006:
1567:2008:
1560:2010:
1553:2012:
1546:2014:
1539:2017:
1532:2018:
1525:2020:
1518:2022:
1372:) and
1319:, and
1290:, and
909:is an
838:People
776:Bauman
756:Nisbet
752:Merton
744:Gehlen
740:Adorno
733:1900s:
708:Addams
700:Simmel
696:Veblen
688:Pareto
680:Le Bon
661:1800s:
654:Sieyès
647:1700s:
627:Survey
552:Visual
462:Public
367:Health
357:Gender
347:Fiscal
337:Family
4558:Gauge
3987:lists
3743:Mills
3713:Fromm
3708:Elias
3693:Weber
3618:Comte
3583:space
3568:sport
3478:death
3271:Index
3176:S2CID
3148:(PDF)
2909:S2CID
2847:JSTOR
2802:S2CID
2729:(PDF)
2707:JSTOR
2436:S2CID
2243:S2CID
2105:S2CID
2070:JSTOR
1934:S2CID
1248:norms
1240:trust
811:Lists
760:Mills
736:Fromm
728:Elias
716:Weber
650:Comte
537:Urban
522:Sport
517:Space
482:Rural
442:Music
392:Jewry
292:Death
252:Aging
87:Index
3748:Bell
3728:Aron
3688:Mead
3653:Ward
3638:Marx
3598:work
3513:food
3463:body
2655:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2266:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2005:PMID
1926:PMID
1768:ISSN
1639:and
1460:and
1444:and
1440:(7)
1433:and
1408:and
1404:(6)
1348:and
1302:(3)
1278:and
1262:and
1258:(2)
1225:(1)
1167:and
764:Bell
748:Aron
712:Mead
684:Ward
672:Marx
352:Food
272:Body
3538:law
3458:art
3168:doi
3156:170
2935:."
2901:doi
2874:doi
2839:doi
2794:doi
2790:101
2767:doi
2699:doi
2613:doi
2532:doi
2505:doi
2478:doi
2428:doi
2233:doi
2181:255
2097:doi
2062:doi
1997:doi
1918:doi
1914:311
1760:doi
1655:'s
1364:),
1356:),
1125:.
407:Law
262:Art
40:arc
4873::
3915:/
3911:/
3174:.
3166:.
3154:.
3150:.
3068:31
3058:27
2907:.
2897:18
2895:.
2870:13
2868:.
2845:.
2837:.
2825:58
2823:.
2800:.
2788:.
2763:26
2761:.
2705:.
2695:45
2693:.
2611:.
2597:.
2528:17
2526:.
2501:20
2499:.
2472:.
2434:.
2424:18
2422:.
2241:.
2229:35
2227:.
2223:.
2103:.
2093:78
2091:.
2068:.
2058:32
2056:.
2003:.
1991:.
1932:.
1924:.
1912:.
1766:.
1756:28
1754:.
1750:.
1624:,
1620:,
1498:.
1456:,
1429:,
1421:,
1336:.
1315:,
1286:,
1242:,
1198:,
1194:,
1154:,
1047:.
996:,
992:,
790:·
770:·
766:·
762:·
758:·
750:·
742:·
726:·
714:·
702:·
694:·
686:·
682:·
678:·
666:·
135:/
131:/
30:,
4775:"
4771:"
4483:)
4065:e
4058:t
4051:v
3917:5
3913:4
3909:3
3237:e
3230:t
3223:v
3182:.
3170::
3162::
3080:.
3078:2
2915:.
2903::
2880:.
2876::
2853:.
2841::
2808:.
2796::
2773:.
2769::
2731:.
2713:.
2701::
2663:.
2619:.
2615::
2599:2
2582:.
2538:.
2534::
2511:.
2507::
2484:.
2480::
2474:6
2442:.
2430::
2343:.
2299:.
2274:.
2249:.
2235::
2193:.
2111:.
2099::
2076:.
2064::
2041:.
2011:.
1999::
1993:6
1940:.
1920::
1774:.
1762::
1396:“
1132:)
1128:(
895:e
888:t
881:v
493:)
489:(
328:)
324:(
137:5
133:4
129:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)