1511:[Due to the limitation of the SALT II treaty, which the United States did not ratify, but followed, the maximum number of MIRV MBRS warheads was limited to 10. However, the weight of the warhead was greater than the original version, so the range of the missile was limited, similar to the Minuteman III missiles with a warhead Mk-12A and the range was not sufficient to cover the southernmost targets in the Soviet Union. The range with ten warheads was 9,600 km, which could be solved by removing one warhead. Despite proposals in this direction, this did not happen, and the LGM-118 Peacekkeper rocket was used with 10 x Mk-21 all the time. Individual warheads could be aimed at very distant targets, and the distance to the target could exceed 100 km.]
1041:
845:" (AIRS). AIRS would have a drift rate of only 1.5 x 10 degrees per hour, allowing it to be periodically referenced to an external point, like the silo wall, and then left for extended periods of time. Over the period of the flight the drift would be so low that any inaccuracies in the platform would account for a maximum of 1% of the warhead's final accuracy–the rest would be due to issues like the timing of the firing of the rocket engines, minor differences in warhead construction, and unavoidable randomness in the atmosphere. The Air Force also contracted with
480:
803:
769:
country to launch an attack on civilian targets, an attack that was both morally reprehensible as well as against stated policy. This worrying scenario led to the effort to develop a new ICBM with the accuracy needed to be an excellent counterforce weapon, the survivability needed to absorb a Soviet first strike, and the MIRV capabilities needed to ensure even a small number of survivors would be able to attack the remaining Soviet missile fleet. The
Minuteman III simply did not have this combination of features.
862:
685:(CEP) of about 0.1 miles (160 m), and especially the ability to be quickly re-programmed to attack any targets needed. In comparison, the Minuteman II had a selection of eight targets, any one of which could be quickly selected for attack, but otherwise selecting a target outside this pre-computed list was not something that could be done "on the fly". WS-120A's preferred basing mode was a super-hardened shelter, but dispersed mobile options were also considered.
1019:
MX was originally intended to solve, providing high survivability. This would later be addressed through the re-introduction of the "rail garrison" concept, with twenty-five trains each carrying two missiles. This system was expected to be operational in 1992. The supposed counterforce gap, then being widely talked about on television, also resulted in the schedule for silo deployment being moved up, dropping the production time from 44 months to 29.
51:
633:
positioned, this would keep the explosions at least 5,000 feet (1,500 m) away from the silos; it was believed that silos able to withstand multi-megaton explosions at one mile could be built, although this was an area of some uncertainty. This system had the advantage that the basing would be immune to changes in the accuracy or speed of the attack, only enormous increases in yield could overcome this physical barrier.
420:
nuclear attack, carry a large number of warheads so the survivors would still inflict massive damage, and be able to rapidly re-target so they could be aimed at only those missiles the
Soviets had not yet fired. Over its development through the 1970s, MX emerged as a highly accurate, rapid-firing, and quickly retargeted system. Ultimately, the only problem that was never completely solved was the issue of basing.
1026:. The Midgetman deliberately carried only one warhead and was highly mobile. Countering a single Midgetman would require the Soviets to blanket an area around its last known position with warheads. Even if this was successful, they would destroy only a single warhead. Faced with this choice, it was expected the Soviets would instead expend their warheads on easier targets.
1509:
nebyl dostatecný k pokrytí nejižnejších cílu v
Sovetském svazu. Dolet s deseti hlavicemi byl 9600km, což bylo možno vyrešit sejmutím jedné hlavice. I pres návrhy v tomto smeru k tomu nedošlo a celou dobu raketa LGM-118 Peacekkeper sloužila s 10 x Mk-21. Jednotlivé hlavice mohly být na znacne odlehlé cíle a odstup cílu mohl presáhnout 100km.
729:
effects of mechanical shocks and jarring that it would not require any other form of "fixing" in flight. This was in contrast to the stellar-inertial systems under development by the Navy and others. It would retain its accuracy even through the rough conditions during re-entry, allowing the creation of maneuvering reentry vehicles.
1423:
Commemorating the system's retirement, the last piece of the final 10-warhead MX was trucked away from the
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. Since the United States began fielding the MX in 1986, a 32,600-square-kilometer missile complex there has served as home for all 50 deployed MX missiles, also known as Peacekeepers.
1015:, which was described as "effective against most of the hardened military targets, including missile silos and launch control centers", reopened the debate about MX. If Trident was capable of carrying out the mission originally intended for MX, and do so from a completely protected and mobile platform, what capabilities did MX add?
624:-powered aircraft with two-day endurance carrying up to eight missiles that would be dropped out the back, parachuted to the vertical, and then launched. As part of the same study, Aerospace also considered a missile and wheeled launcher combination that was small enough that they could be carried in existing
956:
enough to destroy the silos from the point between them, 900 feet (270 m) from either silo. To attack the dense pack, separate warheads would have to be aimed at each silo. When one of the attacking warheads exploded, the blast wave and dirt thrown into the air would destroy any nearby warheads.
873:
In July 1976, Congress refused to fund MX using a silo-based system on grounds of vulnerability, and the project was halted. Several new proposals were made for alternate basing arrangements, including mobile basing in railway cars that would be sent out into the nation's rail network during times of
793:
did not have the accuracy to attack Soviet silos and thus offered little counterforce capability. In some ways this helped the Air Force, as it meant they could concentrate on the counterforce scenarios, knowing that a countervalue attack would always be available from the Navy. However, improvements
632:
Finally, they also considered conventional missiles in "super hard" silos, buried under the southern side of mountains. As the enemy warheads would approach at a fairly shallow angle from the north, they would strike the north side of the mountains before they could hit the silos themselves. Properly
572:
stealth and mobility would maintain a countervalue force under any possible scenario. This threatened the Air Force's supremacy in the nuclear warfighting arena. Even in the case of a counterforce attack, their bombers would take hours to complete their missions, during which the
Soviets could launch
1163:
The first prototype AIRS, by then known more generically as the
Inertial Measurement Unit, or IMU, was delivered in May 1986, 203 days late. It was not until July 1987 that the first production AIRS were ready to ship, and the complete supply for the first 50 missiles was not complete until December
1106:
The new ICBM was originally planned to be called "Peacemaker", but at the last minute was officially designated the LGM-118A Peacekeeper. It was first test fired on 17 June 1983, by the Air Force
Systems Command Ballistic Missile Office (Norton AFB, CA), 6595th Missile Test Group (Vandenberg AFB, CA
924:
silos, removing those now outdated missiles from service. The silos would be modified for much greater strength, and a number of
Minuteman III silos similarly adapted over time to bring the force to a total of 100 missiles. Additionally, he suggested funding development of three additional concepts,
777:
a limited counterforce attack, it would be desirable to wait until the individual targeted silos were determined, determine which Soviet missiles had not been launched, and then launch only the targeted missiles against their unlaunched Soviet counterparts. This would require extremely tight timing.
776:
meant that commanders would have almost instant warning of a Soviet launch, with ample time to plan a response. However, it would not be until much later in the sequence of events that land-based radars would be able to track the incoming individual warheads and determine the targets. In the case of
768:
In such a situation, the US would be left with two uncomfortable options. If they chose to respond in kind and attack the remaining Soviet missile fleet, there would be little to respond with if the
Soviets immediately launched against US cities. The other option would require the US to be the first
696:
attack. Although the system did not include the ability to be rapidly retargeted, this capability was under development and started deployment in 1972, before the planned 1975 introduction date of WS-120A. When it was fully deployed in 1978, the entire ICBM fleet could be entirely reprogrammed in 10
593:
with a limited number of warheads aimed at the
Minuteman silos or control bunkers could cripple the US ICBM fleet. At the time, the Soviets were only capable of mounting a limited attack. With the limited accuracy of Soviet missiles, only an attack with a small number of missiles carrying very large
536:
Soviet missiles were known to have very low accuracy, far too low to directly attack US missile silos. They did have the combination of accuracy and power to attack the US bomber bases. Although it would be very difficult to arrange, there was the possibility that a combination of missile attacks on
1508:
Z duvodu omezení smlouvou SALT II, kterou sice Spojené státy neratifikovaly, ale dodržovaly byl maximální pocet hlavic MIRV MBRS omezen na 10. presto ovšem byla hmotnost hlavice vetší, než puvodní verze, proto došlo k omezení doletu rakety podobne jako u raket Minuteman III s hlavicí Mk-12A a dolet
1018:
A compromise was eventually developed in mid-1983. Under this scheme, 100 missiles would be deployed in existing Minuteman silos to "show national will". The plan also called for the removal of the old and accident-prone liquid fueled Titan II from use. However, this did not address the problem the
1007:
By this time both the US and USSR were beginning to field third-generation SLBMs with greatly improved accuracy. These now arguably had all of the capability of the land-based ICBMs, and were equally able to carry out the counterforce mission. Additionally, the submarines could maneuver much closer
990:
Delivered 6 April 1983, the report suggested deploying 100 MX in existing Minuteman silos as a "demonstration of national will", but in other ways basically suggested eliminating both MX and Minuteman and replacing them with a small single-warhead mobile ICBM. On 10 August, the Secretary of Defense
963:
theory" was highly criticized due to the expected relative ease with which the Soviets could modify their warheads and circumvent this design. All that was required was that several warheads arrive and be detonated within a few milliseconds of each other, so the blast waves did not reach each other
829:
pushed the initial operational date back from 1983 to 1985 and opened a study on the possibility of developing a single missile for both ICBM and SLBM use. A six-month study in 1977 proposed a "Low-Altitude Defense" (LoAD) system using small anti-ballistic missiles at missile fields, similar to the
812:
In 1971, the Air Force started a requirements development process combining the ICBM-X and SABRE concepts into a single platform, "Missile, Experimental", or MX. The new missile would have enough accuracy and warhead payload that even a few survivors would be able to destroy enormous numbers of any
636:
They proposed 100 missiles in three bases of 30 missiles each. They expected that at least one base would be able to survive even an all-out attack. However, if such a force of approximately 30 missiles was going to be a reasonable deterrent, each missile would need to carry 20 or more warheads. To
419:
Studies on the underlying concept started in the 1960s. The idea was to allow the US to absorb a sneak attack by the USSR with enough warheads surviving to attack the remaining Soviet missile silos. To do so, the missiles had to be highly accurate, be based in such a way that enough would survive a
1422:
On Sept. 19, the United States retired the most powerful and, arguably, the most controversial ICBM in the US arsenal, the MX, after nearly two decades of service. But the missile's various components could see a return to duty as the Pentagon contemplates its future missile options and missions.
1159:
suits. The Air Force also admitted that 11 of the 29 missiles deployed were not operational. A Congressional report stated that "Northrop was behind schedule before it even started" and noted that the Air Force knew as early as 1985 that there were "serious system deficiencies as well as a lack of
1115:
Test Range in the Pacific. The first eight test flights were launched from an above ground canister on TP-01, with the remaining test and operational Strategic Air Command flights from silos (LF-02, −05, & -08) all located on North Vandenberg AFB. A total of 50 flight tests were accomplished.
1135:
in re-fitted Minuteman silos. However, the AIRS was not yet ready and the missiles were deployed with non-operational guidance units. AIRS had 19,000 parts and some of these required as many as 11,000 testing steps. Bogged down in paperwork due to government procurement policies, managers started
1576:
Footnote 8: Most notably, we excluded the MX Peacekeeper ICBM deployed diuring the 1996 and 2003 periods in study. As a weapon optimized to hit targets in the former Soviet Union, the MX Peacekeeper has a relatively limited range of 9,600 km. Combined with a deployymeny location in southeastern
581:, which improved the CEP to 0.34 nautical miles (0.63 km) and allowed the missiles to attack Soviet silos directly. The other was to allow the missiles to quickly switch between a selection of eight targets, allowing them to be fired at only those Soviet silos that had not already launched.
955:
This extra hardness can be offset by minor increases in warhead accuracy. The key to dense pack concept was to space the silos close together, about 1,800 feet (550 m). This was far enough apart that a single warhead could not destroy more than one silo; no conceivable warhead was powerful
728:
In spite of a lack of official interest, during the late 1960s Kenneth Fertig managed to arrange some funding through the Air Force for the "SABRE" INS project, short for "Self-Aligning Boost and RE-entry". The name referred to the concept that the system would be so accurate and free from the
660:
put it, "Our gross national product, though large, is limited. If we attempted to develop and procure a dozen or more distinct different nuclear delivery systems… we doubtless would end up squandering our resources and not doing a good job on any of them." Golden Arrow, along with many similar
725:", a problem that caused conventional platforms to "tumble" and lose their accuracy. Like the ICBM-X, there was little development as there appeared to be no need for a platform with the sort of accuracy the flimbal provided, and the expense of developing the system would be extremely high.
552:
By the mid-1960s, the missile had become the main US strategic weapon. This led to concerns about various warfighting scenarios, especially as the Soviets improved their missiles. In the event of a Soviet missile launch, the US faced the difficult decision of whether to fire their missiles
983:" in regard to the Soviet capability to attack US ICBMs never existed in the first place. The report examined a wide array of potential attack scenarios, and demonstrated that none allowed the Soviets to significantly blunt a US response, nor seriously limit its options in the
1195:
The missiles were gradually retired, with 17 withdrawn during 2003, leaving 29 missiles on alert at the beginning of 2004, and only 10 by the beginning of 2005. The last Peacekeeper was removed from alert on 19 September 2005 during the final deactivation ceremony when the
451:
treaty, under which ICBMs were allowed to carry only a single warhead each. Because the Minuteman could carry a single warhead for far less money, the United States agreed to remove the Peacekeeper from their nuclear force in this treaty. Despite the US withdrawal from the
594:
warheads (multi-megaton range) was feasible. They had just enough of these to make a damaging, but not decisive, attack on the US ICBM fleet. This scenario was of deep concern to the Air Force as it became ever more dependent on Minuteman for most strategic missions.
549:, was given the task of making the US military the most powerful in the world while at the same time reducing its expenditures. He solved this problem by greatly reducing reliance on bombers, and by 1964, there were more US ICBMs than bombers on nuclear alert.
893:. The deployment would occur in a system of multiple protective shelters linked by underground or aboveground roads, the so-called "Racetrack" proposal. Local opposition in Nevada was intense, and the concept gained a powerful enemy in the form of Senator
416:. Initial plans called for building and deploying 100 MX ICBMs, but budgetary concerns limited the final procurement; only 50 entered service. Disarmament treaties signed after the Peacekeeper's development led to its withdrawal from service in 2005.
628:
aircraft. During periods of heightened tensions, they would be flown to practically any airport and set up. The Soviets would have to target thousands of airports, runways and even dirt strips and long stretches of highway to attack the fleet.
794:
in SLBM accuracy might allow them to handle counterforce as well, and render the entire land-based ICBM fleet superfluous. The Air Force was not interested in handing the strategic role to the Navy. A survivable ICBM would address this issue.
5300:
435:
silos, a temporary measure until final basing was decided. The first flight test took place in 1983, which included the successful launch of six inert re-entry vehicles, each hitting pre-planned targets. It was the first US ICBM to use a
1160:
effective progress". They complained that the Air Force should have come clean and simply pushed back the deployment date, but instead, in order to foster the illusion of progress, the missiles were deployed in a non-operational state.
824:
rejected mobile basing due to high costs and slow reaction times due to the need to set up the launcher. On 24 October 1974 the airmobile concept was tested by SAMSO by dropping a Minuteman I from a C-5A cargo aircraft. In November, the
5237:
760:
and the US did not respond immediately, the majority of their missiles and strategic bombers might be caught on the ground. A credible deterrent force would remain, but such a force might not have enough warheads left to attack
1186:
The project had already cost around $ 20 billion up to 1998 and produced 114 missiles, at $ 400 million for each operational missile. The "flyaway" cost of each warhead was estimated at 20 to 70 million dollars.
4822:
4702:
1923:
4849:
3844:
6027:
5729:
4904:
5340:
4874:
1168:, Congress had already cancelled the 100-missile option in July 1985. In that decision, Congress limited the deployment of Peacekeeper ICBMs to 50 missiles until a more "survivable" basing plan could be developed.
5096:
4919:
4720:
3866:
784:
systems upset the nuclear equation dramatically. These weapons were essentially invulnerable when at sea, and offered a credible countervalue force, primarily against civilian targets as early models like the
5066:
6434:
5245:
5186:
532:
weapon. The Air Force relied on its crewed bombers as the primary weapon for attacking hardened targets and saw the ICBM as a survivable deterrent that would guard against an attack on its bomber fleet.
2441:
456:
and the subsequent Russian withdrawal from the START II on 14 June 2002, the last Peacekeeper missile was deactivated on 19 September 2005. Their advanced W87 warheads were moved to the Minuteman III.
5317:
5091:
4189:
1008:
to their targets, greatly reducing the warning time, potentially to the point that the command structure would not have time to launch their ICBMs and bombers before the warheads were reaching them.
4914:
6037:
5717:
4909:
4606:
4598:
537:
US bomber bases combined with bomber attacks on the missile bases would leave the US at a disadvantage. The survivability of the missile fleet became increasingly important, especially after the
5106:
4832:
4414:
4392:
3401:
212:
Up to 11 Avco Mk21 re-entry vehicles each carrying a 300 kt W87-0 warhead (though in practice, only 10 were carried); or 12 Avco Mk12A re-entry vehicles each carrying a 335–350 kt
6471:
5602:
5587:
5277:
6365:
6179:
5433:
5360:
4887:
4862:
6137:
5749:
5305:
5265:
5225:
4628:
3480:
6124:
6077:
5962:
4690:
4653:
561:
doctrine). Even if the Soviets attacked only the bombers, the US would be left with no counterforce approach, as both the Navy and Air Force missiles could only attack large targets.
6620:
5779:
5385:
5136:
3819:
1522:
Heginbotham, Eric; Nixon, Michael; Morgan, Forrest E.; Heim, Jacob L.; Hagen, Jeff; et al. (2015). "CHAPTER TWELVE Scorecard 10: U.S. and Chinese Strategic Nuclear Stability".
577:, in 1962 they decided the solution was to make the Minuteman capable of counterforce missions as well. The changes to Minuteman II were two-fold. One was to introduce the NS-17
2079:
The Scowcroft Commission, which was formed to solve the problem of our "window of vulnerability" with regard to land-based missiles, has solved it by declaring it doesn't exist.
940:". During this speech, he made the first mention of the name Peacekeeper. The dense pack idea involved building super-hardened silos that would withstand more than 10,000
5292:
5131:
5044:
6157:
5912:
5907:
4750:
4362:
1823:
964:
before completing destruction of the silo. Such timing could be easily achieved by launching all of the warheads from a single missile. Congress again rejected the system.
5917:
4677:
4131:
673:
study to consider many of these issues. As part of this program, they proposed a smaller version of ICBM-X with 10 to 20 warheads. Known initially as WS-120A and later as
4745:
4525:
692:(INS) with a CEP of 0.12 nautical miles (220 m), three warheads and an expanded collection of radar countermeasures that would ensure the warheads would survive an
756:, meaning that a small number of launches could present a threat to the Air Force's ICBM fleet while retaining a large force in reserve. If the Soviet Union launched a
5002:
1262:
aircraft provided a survivable capability to remotely control and launch the Peacekeeper ICBM in the event the underground Launch Control Centers were unable to do so.
849:
for a backup design using mechanical gimbals, the "Advanced Stable Platform" (ASP). In May 1975 the first hand-built AIRS was transferred from Draper's laboratory to
1155:, the fallout was immediate. Northrop was slapped with a $ 130 million fine for late delivery, and when they reacted against employees they were countersued in
5617:
3946:
3913:
3440:
936:
On 22 November 1982, Reagan announced that the system would be deployed in new silos in what was then known as "Closely Spaced Basing", but later better known as "
6615:
1915:
2154:
4869:
2265:
6531:
6456:
1892:
613:
and various ICBM projects. In 1964, the Air Force contracted them to consider a wide variety of survivable ICBM approaches, under the name "Golden Arrow".
492:
3083:
3051:
688:
However, like Golden Arrow before it, WS-120A's advantages found themselves being diluted by the new Minuteman III. The Minuteman III used the new NS-20
6630:
5684:
4730:
1409:
403:
391:
3839:
3278:
3273:
933:("reverse-inclination basing"). The latter two quickly proved unacceptable for various reasons, while testing of the air-drop concept was pursued.
637:
launch them, the study introduced the "ICBM-X", a massive new 156-inch (400 cm) diameter design, well over twice the diameter of the existing
6587:
5327:
3158:
3113:
906:
5792:
5335:
5282:
5173:
5034:
5007:
4899:
3547:
3450:
3411:
3243:
1453:
1176:
1136:
bypassing official channels and buying replacement parts wherever they could be found, including claims that some of the parts were sourced at
1049:
601:
during the early days of the development of their ICBM force. In 1960 a number of TRW and other engineers involved in the ICBM program formed
6501:
6429:
6385:
6227:
6222:
6209:
6132:
6119:
6064:
6054:
6049:
5934:
5872:
5553:
5543:
5463:
5322:
5111:
5086:
4932:
4857:
4618:
4613:
3078:
1457:
1200:
was inactivated as well. During the ceremony an Under Secretary of the Air Force credited the Peacekeeper with helping to end the Cold War.
6395:
6042:
6014:
5999:
5994:
5967:
5939:
5839:
5834:
5250:
2395:
427:
ordered initial production in 1979 but was overturned by Congress. After considerable debate about the system, in October 1982, President
6340:
6187:
6094:
6082:
5824:
5819:
5799:
5774:
4725:
3690:
528:. This limited these early models to attacks on strategic targets like cities and ports, and the system had little or no capability as a
2066:
5255:
4402:
557:) when the Soviets had only targeted military installations, something US politicians considered to be a serious problem (part of the
6174:
6099:
6022:
5957:
5929:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5739:
5694:
5674:
5624:
5574:
5531:
5526:
5513:
5501:
5496:
5481:
5476:
5453:
5443:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5375:
5355:
5198:
5049:
5029:
4967:
4962:
4807:
4737:
4695:
4538:
4533:
4241:
4038:
4013:
3968:
3951:
3933:
3923:
3425:
3248:
3010:
721:
fluid. The so-called "flimbal" (apparently for "FLoated Measurement BAL") would offer unprecedented accuracy and would be free from "
952:, exceeding both the rated 2,000 psi (14 MPa) of existing silos and the proposed upgrade to 5,000 psi (34 MPa).
6511:
5347:
4837:
3592:
3005:
1640:
3071:
1820:
1627:
1602:
1333:
5365:
5208:
5144:
4448:
814:
6192:
3627:
3597:
3381:
2432:
4490:
4441:
2916:
2131:
1977:
1965:
1799:
916:
took office, Laxalt's close ties with Reagan proved useful. Reagan canceled the new shelter system in 1981, calling it "a
4879:
4670:
3632:
3506:
1072:
1491:
553:
immediately or wait to determine the targets of the Soviet missiles. Firing early might mean striking civilian targets (
4937:
2354:
1712:
1535:
842:
826:
806:
589:
Similar improvements to Soviet missiles, real or imagined, led to US officials proposing a worrying scenario; a Soviet
542:
395:
350:
76:
4974:
4710:
4151:
2172:
2102:
1328:
772:
Whether or not this problem actually existed is open to debate. The Minuteman had a relatively fast launch time, and
2410:
5054:
4424:
4419:
3552:
3396:
3108:
2218:
1243:
1128:
56:
1486:[Peacekeeper intercontinental ballistic missile]. Jaderné a kosmické zbrane | Katalog balistických raket.
1470:
The system was equipped with an inertial navigation system that provided it warheads with an accuracy of 90 m CEP.
4397:
3928:
3683:
1172:
706:
437:
5390:
5119:
5059:
3587:
2316:
1996:
1950:
1851:
1647:
1259:
1255:
1040:
920:
scheme". On 2 October 1981 he proposed deploying an initial force of missiles in the approximately 60 existing
617:
444:
3781:
3657:
3309:
3294:
2345:
Kitts, Kenneth (30 January 2006). "The Politics of Armageddon: The Scowcroft Commission and the MX Missile".
1045:
1022:
Additionally, the plan also called for the development of an entirely new missile, which would emerge as the
902:
453:
1171:
Development of the rail garrison system was carried out in parallel. However, budgetary constraints and the
6297:
4436:
4221:
4141:
4081:
3650:
3577:
3572:
3391:
3258:
1359:
1204:
460:
5287:
5215:
4715:
4290:
4257:
3056:
1119:
The operational missile was first manufactured in February 1984 and was deployed in December 1986 to the
1111:
Test Pad-01, traveling 4,200 nautical miles (4,800 mi; 7,800 km) to strike successfully in the
813:
remaining Soviet force. The specifications for MX were fixed in February 1972, the program office at the
1179:
has a rail garrison box car on display, and developmental remnants of the program can still be found at
4817:
4779:
4682:
4272:
4136:
4101:
4064:
3876:
3719:
3676:
3567:
3351:
3031:
2796:
2791:
2670:
1841:
1080:
757:
689:
590:
578:
346:
17:
6521:
5161:
5071:
5014:
4794:
4784:
4588:
4357:
3851:
3218:
3133:
3066:
2896:
2660:
2425:
1180:
1108:
1075:
on the rail network of the United States. The railcars were intended, in case of increased threat of
1035:
602:
60:
6625:
5634:
5019:
4576:
4069:
3607:
3542:
1373:
1364:
653:
468:
290:
1524:
The U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996–2017
1061:
6461:
5380:
5166:
4665:
4556:
4508:
4407:
3861:
3856:
3724:
3699:
3046:
1445:
1233:
1065:
980:
773:
682:
616:
The project considered road, rail, submarine and air-launched weapons. One of these suggested an
520:(CEP) of about 0.6 to 0.8 nautical miles (1.1 to 1.5 km) and a small warhead of less than 1
517:
362:
122:
64:
6267:
4307:
4156:
4096:
4074:
3746:
2861:
1291:
1197:
926:
693:
1628:
https://www.weapontrend.com/nuclear-weapon-manufacturer-countries/usa/lgm-118-peacekeeper.html
1603:
https://www.weapontrend.com/nuclear-weapon-manufacturer-countries/usa/lgm-118-peacekeeper.html
885:. On 7 September 1979 he announced that 200 MX missiles would be deployed throughout eastern
573:
their remaining missiles. The Air Force could not let this stand, and following the advice of
6557:
5734:
5704:
5649:
5081:
4648:
4513:
4485:
4453:
4231:
3714:
3416:
3208:
2781:
2685:
2229:
2031:
1247:
1220:
1140:. In other cases, managers had created false shell companies to order needed test equipment.
1120:
941:
917:
901:
area; although opposition increased dramatically following a statement of disapproval by the
821:
820:
To address the survivability issue, a huge series of concepts and studies followed. In 1973,
802:
2030:
1993:
Congress Rejects MX Dense Pack Deployment: Prelude to the Strategic Policy Decisions of 1983
5220:
5124:
4429:
4302:
4295:
3903:
3731:
3612:
3562:
3470:
2980:
2418:
1069:
850:
423:
Initial development began in 1971, with full-scale development starting in 1974. President
413:
27:"MX missile" redirects here. For the early USAAF missile equipment designation system, see
979:
In overall terms, the most important conclusion of the Scowcroft Commission was that the "
8:
5629:
4979:
4767:
4643:
3988:
3668:
2958:
2881:
2000:
1954:
1614:
1589:
898:
1866:
1651:
471:
using old Peacekeeper components. As of 2020, seven Minotaur IV flights have been made.
431:
announced that 50 of the newly named Peacekeepers would be put into service in existing
6239:
5724:
5612:
5076:
4949:
4495:
3193:
3143:
3000:
2968:
2675:
2533:
2233:
2224:
2159:
1541:
1385:
1165:
960:
276:
2287:
1090:. However the plan was cancelled as part of defense cutbacks following the end of the
817:(SAMSO) formed on 4 April, and the advanced development program started in late 1973.
6292:
4789:
4660:
4121:
3824:
3622:
3602:
3253:
3198:
3153:
3123:
2921:
2911:
2746:
2491:
2440:
2368:
2360:
2350:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2164:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2004:
1958:
1847:
1792:
1788:
1784:
Echos That Never Were: American Mobile Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, 1956–1983
1726:
1718:
1708:
1697:
1559:
1551:
1531:
1401:
1393:
1377:
1151:
1132:
1023:
996:
984:
710:
558:
247:
244:
1546:
976:
to lead a Commission on Strategic Forces, better known as the Scowcroft Commission.
6287:
6252:
6152:
5101:
4176:
4003:
3958:
3938:
3617:
3522:
3238:
3223:
3103:
3098:
2990:
2851:
2841:
2615:
2605:
2588:
2503:
1884:
1742:
1527:
1503:
1269:
921:
831:
678:
648:
Any of the "Golden Arrow" concepts would be extremely expensive, and in the era of
642:
638:
625:
574:
509:
479:
447:
in 1986. At this time, the United States and the Soviet Union were negotiating the
432:
1323:
677:, the missile was small enough to fit in existing large silos, like those for the
5149:
4802:
4571:
4561:
4372:
4091:
3888:
3475:
3460:
3430:
3371:
3319:
3314:
3268:
3183:
3138:
3041:
2886:
2856:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2665:
2650:
2645:
2620:
2610:
2583:
2548:
2513:
2481:
2466:
2399:
2376:
2026:
1992:
1827:
1734:
1567:
1215:
missiles. Parts of the missile Roll Control System (RoCS) were reused during the
1124:
973:
866:
790:
753:
649:
606:
546:
538:
294:
145:
2347:
Presidential Commissions & National Security: The Politics of Damage Control
2097:
1961:
1946:
1795:
1782:
874:
heightened threat levels, and more complex systems of deeply buried silos under
661:
proposals from other firms, proceeded no further, in favor of the Minuteman II.
5814:
5270:
5230:
4382:
4350:
4337:
4184:
3983:
3537:
3435:
3361:
3334:
3263:
3128:
3036:
2995:
2963:
2948:
2906:
2801:
2776:
2761:
2725:
2715:
2680:
2655:
2635:
2600:
2553:
2518:
2476:
2037:
835:
786:
657:
569:
521:
334:
Approximately 15,000 miles per hour (Mach 20; 24,000 km/h) at burnout
2405:
2372:
1563:
1405:
1079:, to be deployed onto the nation's rail network to avoid being destroyed by a
861:
6609:
5712:
4892:
4583:
4211:
4111:
4056:
3871:
3791:
3376:
3341:
3329:
3324:
3213:
3061:
2871:
2811:
2786:
2766:
2756:
2730:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2595:
2578:
2528:
2508:
2486:
2461:
2456:
2245:
2237:
2168:
2127:
2111:
2062:
2046:
1730:
1483:
1381:
1286:
1212:
1156:
945:
913:
610:
428:
399:
2380:
1571:
406:(although treaties limited its actual payload to 10), each armed with a 300-
6577:
5582:
4944:
4844:
4762:
4267:
4171:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3741:
3501:
3485:
3465:
3455:
3445:
3406:
3356:
3346:
3299:
3233:
3203:
3163:
3148:
2985:
2938:
2891:
2866:
2831:
2751:
2640:
2558:
2471:
2261:
2184:
2012:
1738:
1095:
1087:
1083:
949:
882:
738:
718:
674:
554:
529:
525:
496:
424:
925:
airborne drops from cargo aircraft, an "active defense" using short-range
878:
that would include systems to quickly dig themselves out after an attack.
865:
Time exposure shot of testing of the Peacekeeper re-entry vehicles at the
6282:
6277:
6272:
6217:
6162:
5867:
5639:
4566:
4345:
4312:
4161:
4033:
3993:
3764:
3759:
3736:
3173:
2943:
2933:
2836:
2624:
2573:
2543:
2538:
2523:
2498:
2008:
1273:
1208:
1203:
The Peacekeeper rockets were converted to the satellite launcher role by
1137:
1076:
894:
722:
464:
28:
1916:"News of the Church: First Presidency Statement on Basing of MX Missile"
1389:
834:
system, to increase survivability. This was developed into the abortive
5974:
5787:
5203:
5181:
4927:
4028:
4023:
2975:
2876:
2846:
1145:
1012:
992:
937:
846:
745:
286:
1699:
Inventing Accuracy: a historical sociology of nuclear missile guidance
50:
5877:
5829:
5597:
4201:
3557:
2771:
2720:
1704:
1577:
Wyoming, it is unable to strike Chinese nuclear counterforce targets.
1112:
621:
2309:
752:. These missiles carried as many as 10 warheads along with up to 40
3420:
1216:
1091:
598:
513:
448:
150:
2364:
2253:
2119:
2054:
1555:
972:
Reagan responded to this setback by appointing Lieutenant General
765:
the remaining Soviet fleet and cities and other military targets.
6375:
6370:
5922:
5395:
3304:
3178:
3168:
3093:
3026:
1843:
Seize the High Ground: The U.S. Army in Space and Missile Defense
1251:
670:
565:
407:
266:
256:
1722:
1397:
402:
from 1985 to 2005. The missile could carry up to twelve Mark 21
5548:
4018:
3908:
3386:
3366:
3228:
3188:
3088:
2953:
2928:
2901:
2806:
1244:
400th Strategic Missile Squadron (later 400th Missile Squadron)
929:, or basing new silos deep underground or on the south side of
886:
714:
140:
1922:(June 1981). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
6257:
4994:
3582:
3532:
3527:
2630:
2568:
2563:
1641:"The Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Nuclear Explosions"
749:
681:, but was otherwise similar in concept to the ICBM-X, with a
524:
meant the system was unable to attack hardened targets like
6262:
2349:(First ed.). Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
1164:
1988. Given these delays, and increased performance of the
930:
890:
875:
781:
742:
484:
329:
321:
317:
3698:
1521:
881:
Eventually, the program was reinstated on 12 June 1979 by
488:
410:
213:
6621:
Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the United States
1484:"Mezikontinentální balistická rízená strela Peacekeeper"
897:. Initially support was high in Utah, especially in the
841:
For MX, the Draper Laboratory developed SABRE into the "
3652:
United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963
1443:
1254:(1987–2005). Airborne Missileers operating the Common
656:, cost was as important as any other consideration. As
597:
The Air Force had depended on engineering support from
1947:
The MX Basing Debate: The Reagan Plan and Alternatives
1840:
Walker, James; Bernstein, Lewis; Lang, Sharon (2005).
1211:, while the warheads were redeployed on the existing
2310:"ALCS 50thAnniversary: Celebrating a Proud Heritage"
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
995:
in Wyoming and began development of what became the
620:. The proposal called for an enormous (for the day)
2442:
1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations
1839:
2217:
1882:
1696:
1107:Strategic Air Command), and Martin Marietta, from
1068:during the 1980s as part of a plan to place fifty
669:In 1966 and 67, the Department of Defense ran the
2315:. Air Force Missileers. 2 July 2017. p. 13.
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1428:
1094:, and the Peacekeeper missiles were installed in
516:, and proceeded rapidly. Limited accuracy with a
6607:
1776:
1774:
1772:
741:fielded a large number of increasingly accurate
361:130 ft (40 m)-300 ft (90 m)
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1515:
907:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
6616:Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States
2396:Fact File: Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
1846:. Government Printing Office. pp. 95–96.
1669:
1454:Center for Strategic and International Studies
1353:
1351:
1190:
1177:National Museum of the United States Air Force
732:
3684:
2426:
2290:. The Nuclear Weapon Archive. 10 October 1997
474:
2200:
2146:
1833:
1749:
1029:
645:"heavy" design at 120 inches (300 cm).
1475:
1348:
3691:
3677:
2433:
2419:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
717:with a sphere floating in a thin layer of
228:Ground-burst and/or air-burst fusing modes
169: (equivalent to $ 194,571,949 in 2023)
49:
6631:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1986
2216:Cushman, John H. Jr. (22 November 1987).
1945:Medalia, Jonathan E. (11 February 1981).
1694:
1545:
1444:Missile Defense Project (2 August 2021).
1236:was the only operator of the Peacekeeper.
55:Test launch of a Peacekeeper ICBM by the
1143:When these allegations were released by
1039:
991:ordered 100 Peacekeepers be deployed at
860:
801:
483:Mk21 re-entry vehicles on a Peacekeeper
478:
2215:
2152:
2095:
1944:
1780:
1303:
967:
705:Since the late 1950s, engineers at the
14:
6608:
2025:
1913:
1821:"Non-linear servo drive for a flimbal"
1494:from the original on 12 September 2014
1481:
815:Space and Missile Systems Organization
3672:
2414:
2344:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1990:
1926:from the original on 1 September 2021
1638:
1357:
491:with about 20 times the power of the
2268:from the original on 27 January 2022
2155:"The Secret Bomber Bugging Northrop"
2134:from the original on 1 December 2020
2069:from the original on 27 January 2021
1978:Defense Technical Information Center
1867:"Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere"
1412:from the original on 27 January 2022
1002:
398:(ICBM) produced and deployed by the
304:: 500,000 pounds-force (2.2 MN)
216:warhead (never deployed) plus decoys
1073:intercontinental ballistic missiles
869:, all eight fired from one missile.
390:for "Missile, Experimental", was a
24:
2337:
2153:Ramirez, Anthony (14 March 1988).
2084:
1360:"United States Retires MX Missile"
1336:from the original on 15 April 2007
843:Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere
807:Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere
709:had been working on a new type of
396:intercontinental ballistic missile
77:Intercontinental ballistic missile
36:Intercontinental ballistic missile
25:
6642:
3658:Drones designated in UAV sequence
2389:
2219:"Northrop's Struggle With the MX"
1895:from the original on 21 June 2018
1329:Federation of American Scientists
1276:civilian launch platform version.
856:
2322:from the original on 2 July 2017
1968:from the original on 4 July 2022
1802:from the original on 4 July 2022
1460:from the original on 18 May 2022
1129:Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
487:bus. Each carries a 300 kt
57:1st Strategic Aerospace Division
3067:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109
2302:
2280:
2191:
2019:
1984:
1938:
1907:
1876:
1860:
1814:
1781:Pomeroy, Steven (11 May 2006).
1632:
1175:led to its being scrapped. The
1173:dissolution of the Soviet Union
707:Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
700:
584:
512:ICBM began in 1962, during the
1997:Congressional Research Service
1951:Congressional Research Service
1648:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1639:Malik, John (September 1985).
1621:
1607:
1596:
1582:
1260:Airborne Launch Control Center
1256:Airborne Launch Control System
618:air-launched ballistic missile
568:was quick to point out, their
445:initial operational capability
13:
1:
2406:ICBM Peacekeeper Launch video
2096:Correll, John (1 July 1987).
1297:
1101:
1046:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison Car
780:The development of practical
713:that replaced the mechanical
454:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
279:SR120 solid-fuel rocket motor
269:SR119 solid-fuel rocket motor
259:SR118 solid-fuel rocket motor
107:— 12 September 2005
1358:Boese, Wade (October 2005).
1322:
503:
461:Orbital Sciences Corporation
7:
1280:
1226:
1191:Retirement and deactivation
1125:90th Strategic Missile Wing
1050:National Museum of the USAF
737:During the late 1970s, the
733:Counterforce considerations
641:, and larger even than the
605:, initially working on the
320:(9,600 km)-8,700
10:
6647:
1695:MacKenzie, Donald (1993).
1488:PALBA.CZ | Vojenský portál
1446:"LGM-118 Peacekeeper (MX)"
1109:Vandenberg AFB, California
1064:that was developed by the
1033:
690:inertial navigation system
664:
579:inertial navigation system
475:Development and deployment
386:, originally known as the
26:
6596:
6545:
6409:
6328:
5567:
5426:
4549:
4250:
4049:
3707:
3641:
3515:
3494:
3287:
3019:
2739:
2449:
1181:Vandenberg Air Force Base
1058:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison
1036:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison
1030:Peacekeeper Rail Garrison
853:for further development.
603:The Aerospace Corporation
493:bomb dropped on Hiroshima
368:
357:
338:
328:
308:
237:
232:
220:
208:
198:
188:
178:
173:
162:
133:
128:
118:
95:
90:
83:Place of origin
82:
72:
48:
41:
2098:"The Future of the ICBM"
1949:(Congressional Report).
1885:"The MX Missile Project"
1883:Martha Sonntag Bradley.
1490:(in Czech and English).
1482:redboy (17 March 2007).
1374:Arms Control Association
774:early warning satellites
654:US Department of Defense
541:took power, and the new
469:expendable launch system
467:, a four-stage civilian
459:The private launch firm
291:liquid-propellant rocket
6598:Unknown or not assigned
3700:United States Air Force
1234:United States Air Force
1066:United States Air Force
1011:The development of the
981:window of vulnerability
683:circular error probable
518:circular error probable
123:United States Air Force
2288:"The Peacekeeper ICBM"
1914:Jolley, Joann (1981).
1826:15 August 2016 at the
1324:"LGM-118A Peacekeeper"
1292:Peace through strength
1198:400th Missile Squadron
1053:
927:anti-ballistic missile
870:
809:
694:anti-ballistic missile
539:Kennedy administration
500:
3628:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U
2228:(National ed.).
1991:Wrenn, H. L. (1983).
1615:"Peacekeeper Missile"
1590:"Peacekeeper Missile"
1248:Francis E. Warren AFB
1221:Constellation program
1121:Strategic Air Command
1098:as LGM-118s instead.
1062:mobile missile system
1043:
864:
822:Strategic Air Command
805:
797:
482:
2912:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84
1547:10.7249/j.ctt17rw5gb
1530:. pp. 285–320.
1070:MGM-118A Peacekeeper
968:Scowcroft Commission
827:Secretary of Defense
543:Secretary of Defense
443:Peacekeeper reached
43:LGM-118 Peacekeeper
2001:Library of Congress
1955:Library of Congress
1617:. 5 September 2015.
1592:. 5 September 2015.
1209:Minotaur IV (OSP-2)
384:LGM-118 Peacekeeper
2225:The New York Times
2175:on 21 January 2021
2103:Air Force Magazine
1889:Utah History To Go
1365:Arms Control Today
1332:. 15 August 2000.
1166:UGM-133 Trident II
1054:
871:
810:
607:Mercury spacecraft
508:Deployment of the
501:
463:has developed the
438:cold launch system
283:Post-boost vehicle
129:Production history
99:December 1986
61:Vandenberg AFB, CA
6603:
6602:
3666:
3665:
2230:Hawthorne, Calif.
2029:(25 April 1983).
1891:. State of Utah.
1873:, 22 October 1997
1789:Auburn University
1152:Los Angeles Times
1133:Cheyenne, Wyoming
1048:prototype at the
1024:MGM-134 Midgetman
1003:SLBMs come of age
997:MGM-134 Midgetman
985:flexible response
711:inertial platform
559:flexible response
380:
379:
248:solid-fuel rocket
16:(Redirected from
6638:
6584:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6554:
6538:
6528:
6518:
6508:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6468:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6423:
6418:
6402:
6392:
6382:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6337:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6246:
6236:
6206:
6201:
6171:
6146:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6091:
6071:
6061:
6011:
6006:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5951:
5946:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5811:
5806:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5746:
5701:
5691:
5681:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5560:
5540:
5520:
5510:
5490:
5470:
5460:
5450:
5440:
5314:
5195:
5158:
5041:
5026:
4991:
4986:
4956:
4776:
4759:
4640:
4635:
4625:
4595:
4522:
4502:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4389:
4379:
4369:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4284:
4279:
4264:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4168:
4148:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4088:
4010:
4000:
3980:
3975:
3965:
3920:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3773:
3753:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3653:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2384:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2221:
2213:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2171:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2093:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2034:
2027:Schell, Jonathan
2023:
2017:
2016:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1837:
1831:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1778:
1747:
1746:
1743:Internet Archive
1702:
1692:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1650:. Archived from
1645:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1549:
1528:RAND Corporation
1519:
1513:
1512:
1504:Google Translate
1501:
1499:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1441:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1320:
1270:Orbital Sciences
1205:Orbital Sciences
883:President Carter
754:penetration aids
639:LGM-30 Minuteman
626:C-141 Starlifter
575:RAND Corporation
433:LGM-30 Minuteman
404:reentry vehicles
331:
324:(14,000 km)
293:motor; storable
168:
155:Denver Aerospace
114:
112:
106:
104:
53:
44:
39:
38:
21:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6626:Railway weapons
6606:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6592:
6582:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6552:
6541:
6536:
6526:
6516:
6506:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6466:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6421:
6416:
6405:
6400:
6390:
6380:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6335:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6244:
6234:
6204:
6199:
6169:
6144:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6089:
6069:
6059:
6009:
6004:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5949:
5944:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5809:
5804:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5699:
5689:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5644:
5563:
5558:
5538:
5518:
5508:
5488:
5468:
5458:
5448:
5438:
5422:
5312:
5193:
5156:
5039:
5024:
4989:
4984:
4954:
4774:
4757:
4638:
4633:
4623:
4593:
4545:
4520:
4500:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4282:
4277:
4262:
4246:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4166:
4146:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4086:
4045:
4008:
3998:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3918:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3751:
3703:
3697:
3667:
3662:
3651:
3637:
3511:
3490:
3283:
3154:RUM-125/UUM-125
3134:CQM-121/CGM-121
3015:
2735:
2445:
2439:
2400:Wayback Machine
2392:
2387:
2357:
2340:
2338:Further reading
2335:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2214:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2178:
2176:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2094:
2085:
2072:
2070:
2024:
2020:
1989:
1985:
1971:
1969:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1828:Wayback Machine
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1779:
1750:
1715:
1693:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1574:. p. 288:
1538:
1520:
1516:
1497:
1495:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1461:
1442:
1429:
1415:
1413:
1356:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1283:
1272:: Will use the
1229:
1193:
1104:
1038:
1032:
1005:
974:Brent Scowcroft
970:
867:Kwajalein Atoll
859:
800:
791:UGM-73 Poseidon
735:
703:
667:
650:Robert McNamara
587:
570:Polaris fleet's
547:Robert McNamara
506:
477:
373:
371:
343:
341:
313:
311:
300:
299:
295:hypergolic fuel
267:Aerojet General
233:
225:
223:
203:
193:
184:193,460 lb
183:
166:
158:
146:Martin Marietta
110:
108:
102:
100:
96:In service
91:Service history
68:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6644:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6549:
6547:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6147:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4740:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:system numbers
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:Common Missile
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:, 1963–present
2438:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2391:
2390:External links
2388:
2386:
2385:
2356:978-1588264046
2355:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2301:
2279:
2199:
2190:
2145:
2083:
2041:. p. 39.
2038:The New Yorker
2018:
1983:
1937:
1906:
1875:
1859:
1852:
1832:
1813:
1748:
1714:978-0262132589
1713:
1668:
1657:on 14 May 2006
1631:
1620:
1606:
1595:
1581:
1537:978-0833082190
1536:
1514:
1474:
1450:Missile Threat
1427:
1347:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1192:
1189:
1103:
1100:
1096:silo launchers
1086:attack by the
1034:Main article:
1031:
1028:
1004:
1001:
969:
966:
858:
857:Basing options
855:
836:Sentry program
799:
796:
787:UGM-27 Polaris
734:
731:
702:
699:
666:
663:
658:Alain Enthoven
586:
583:
505:
502:
476:
473:
378:
377:
374:
369:
366:
365:
359:
355:
354:
344:
339:
336:
335:
332:
330:Maximum speed
326:
325:
314:
309:
306:
305:
298:
297:
280:
270:
260:
250:
241:
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
221:
218:
217:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
182:87,750 kg
180:
176:
175:
174:Specifications
171:
170:
167:US$ 70,000,000
164:
163:Unit cost
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
148:
143:
137:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
54:
46:
45:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6643:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6595:
6589:
6586:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:CGM-13/MGM-13
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2289:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:. Section 3.
2220:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:List of ICBMs
1285:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1219:test for the
1218:
1214:
1213:Minuteman III
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:whistleblower
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
965:
962:
957:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
923:
919:
918:Rube Goldberg
915:
914:Ronald Reagan
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:Beaver County
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
868:
863:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:
808:
804:
795:
792:
788:
783:
778:
775:
770:
766:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
730:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
698:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
662:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:X-20 Dynasoar
608:
604:
600:
595:
592:
582:
580:
576:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
534:
531:
527:
526:missile silos
523:
519:
515:
511:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
472:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
450:
446:
441:
439:
434:
430:
429:Ronald Reagan
426:
421:
417:
415:
412:
409:
405:
401:
400:United States
397:
393:
389:
385:
375:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
337:
333:
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
303:
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
278:
274:
271:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
249:
246:
243:
242:
240:
236:
231:
227:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
197:
191:
187:
181:
177:
172:
165:
161:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
132:
127:
124:
121:
117:
98:
94:
89:
86:United States
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
40:
34:
30:
19:
3834:
3645:
3516:Undesignated
3118:
2346:
2324:. Retrieved
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2223:
2193:
2183:– via
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2158:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2101:
2078:
2071:. Retrieved
2036:
2021:
2013:Google Books
2011:– via
1986:
1976:– via
1970:. Retrieved
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1919:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1783:
1741:– via
1698:
1659:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1634:
1623:
1609:
1598:
1584:
1575:
1523:
1517:
1507:
1502:– via
1496:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1469:
1462:. Retrieved
1449:
1421:
1414:. Retrieved
1369:
1363:
1338:. Retrieved
1327:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1170:
1162:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1118:
1105:
1088:Soviet Union
1084:counterforce
1081:first strike
1057:
1055:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1006:
989:
978:
971:
958:
954:
950:overpressure
935:
911:
889:and western
880:
872:
840:
819:
811:
779:
771:
767:
762:
758:first strike
739:Soviet Union
736:
727:
719:fluorocarbon
704:
701:INS advances
687:
675:BGM-75 AICBM
668:
647:
635:
631:
615:
596:
591:first strike
588:
585:Golden Arrow
563:
555:countervalue
551:
535:
530:counterforce
507:
497:World War II
458:
442:
425:Jimmy Carter
422:
418:
387:
383:
381:
301:
289:restartable
282:
272:
263:Second stage
262:
252:
134:Manufacturer
119:Used by
33:
3613:Senior Prom
2651:LGM-35 (II)
2232:p. 1.
2197:Parsch 2006
1830:, MIT, 1959
1661:5 September
1274:Minotaur IV
1138:Radio Shack
1077:nuclear war
895:Paul Laxalt
746:Heavy ICBMs
723:gimbal lock
489:W87 warhead
465:Minotaur IV
316:6,000
310:Operational
302:First stage
273:Third stage
253:First stage
245:Three-stage
204:7.7 ft
202:2.34 m
192:21.8 m
59:(1 STRAD),
29:MX missiles
6610:Categories
3330:AGM-158A/B
2646:AQM-35 (I)
2373:1025432262
2365:2005029420
2254:sn00061556
2120:sn94033335
2055:sf86091827
2009:B0006YCQ4I
1995:(Report).
1853:0160723086
1806:23 October
1564:1030350609
1556:2015031303
1406:1017367445
1298:References
1146:60 Minutes
1102:Deployment
1013:Trident II
993:Warren AFB
961:fratricide
938:dense pack
847:Autonetics
376:Fixed silo
287:Rocketdyne
222:Detonation
194:72 ft
111:2005-09-12
18:MX missile
4509:A/B/E/F/N
3646:See also:
3558:Have Dash
2922:AGM-84H/K
2621:MGM-31A/B
2381:22720470M
2326:9 January
2294:9 January
2246:0362-4331
2238:1553-8095
2185:CNN Money
2169:0015-8259
2138:2 October
2128:915477546
2112:0730-6784
2063:320541675
2047:0028-792X
2032:"Comment"
1962:ADA478140
1796:ADA452153
1731:249292161
1705:MIT Press
1572:27509240M
1382:0196-125X
1376:: 35–36.
1340:2 October
1207:, as the
1113:Kwajalein
944:(69
748:like the
622:turboprop
510:Minuteman
504:Minuteman
394:-capable
224:mechanism
3421:AIM-174B
3335:AGM-158C
3072:BGM-109G
2969:"AIM-92"
2317:Archived
2266:Archived
2132:Archived
2067:Archived
1966:Archived
1924:Archived
1893:Archived
1824:Archived
1800:Archived
1739:9637673M
1723:90005915
1492:Archived
1458:Archived
1410:Archived
1398:87656007
1390:23627780
1334:Archived
1281:See also
1258:onboard
1227:Operator
1217:Ares I-X
1149:and the
1092:Cold War
1044:Retired
987:policy.
922:Titan II
851:Northrop
679:Titan II
643:Titan II
514:Cold War
449:START II
372:platform
358:Accuracy
347:Inertial
340:Guidance
277:Hercules
199:Diameter
6583:957–967
6553:900–951
6546:900–999
6537:847–899
6527:835–845
6507:824–831
6467:808–816
6410:800–899
6401:755–799
6391:746–753
6336:700–735
6329:700–799
5713:A/B (I)
5568:600–699
5559:593–599
5539:581–589
5519:571–579
5509:561–569
5489:551–559
5469:543–549
5459:531–541
5449:521–529
5439:501–519
5427:500–599
4550:400–499
4521:381–397
4501:338–379
4251:300–399
4237:280–298
4227:240–278
4217:227–238
4050:200–299
4009:143–197
3708:100–199
3623:Wagtail
3603:OpFires
3523:Aequare
3507:MIM-401
3502:AIM-260
3486:AGM-187
3481:MQM-186
3476:MQM-185
3471:RGM-184
3466:AGM-183
3461:LGM-182
3456:AGM-181
3451:AGM-180
3446:AGM-179
3441:MQM-178
3436:BQM-177
3431:AGM-176
3426:MQM-175
3417:RIM-174
3412:GQM-173
3407:FGM-172
3402:MQM-171
3397:MQM-170
3392:AGM-169
3387:MGM-168
3382:BQM-167
3377:MGM-166
3372:RGM-165
3367:MGM-164
3362:GQM-163
3357:RIM-162
3352:RIM-161
3347:ADM-160
3342:AGM-159
3325:MGM-157
3320:RIM-156
3315:BQM-155
3310:AGM-154
3305:AGM-153
3300:AIM-152
3295:FQM-151
3288:151–200
3279:PQM-150
3274:PQM-149
3269:FGM-148
3264:BQM-147
3259:MIM-146
3254:BQM-145
3249:ADM-144
3244:MQM-143
3239:AGM-142
3234:ADM-141
3229:MGM-140
3224:RUM-139
3219:CEM-138
3214:AGM-137
3209:AGM-136
3204:ASM-135
3199:MGM-134
3194:UGM-133
3189:AIM-132
3184:AGM-131
3179:AGM-130
3174:AGM-129
3169:AQM-128
3164:AQM-127
3159:BQM-126
3149:AGM-124
3144:AGM-123
3139:AGM-122
3129:AIM-120
3124:AGM-119
3119:LGM-118
3114:FQM-117
3109:RIM-116
3104:MIM-115
3099:AGM-114
3094:RIM-113
3089:AGM-112
3084:BQM-111
3079:BGM-110
3062:BQM-108
3057:MQM-107
3052:BQM-106
3047:MQM-105
3042:MIM-104
3037:AQM-103
3032:PQM-102
3027:RIM-101
3020:101–150
3011:LIM-100
2917:AGM-84E
2721:XLIM-49
2625:MGM-31C
2589:LGM-25C
2584:HGM-25A
2272:7 March
2262:1645522
2160:Fortune
1787:(PhD).
1252:Wyoming
903:leaders
715:gimbals
697:hours.
671:STRAT-X
665:WS-120A
566:US Navy
564:As the
522:megaton
495:during
414:warhead
408:kiloton
257:Thiokol
209:Warhead
109: (
103:1986-12
101: (
6435:L (II)
6298:S (II)
6028:A (II)
5963:A (II)
5718:B (II)
5341:L (II)
5125:L (II)
4863:G (II)
4721:M (II)
3618:Sprint
3006:LIM-99
3001:YQM-98
2996:AIM-97
2991:UGM-96
2986:AIM-95
2981:YQM-94
2976:XQM-93
2964:FIM-92
2959:AQM-91
2954:BQM-90
2949:UGM-89
2944:AGM-88
2939:AGM-87
2934:AGM-86
2929:RIM-85
2907:AGM-83
2902:AIM-82
2897:AQM-81
2892:AGM-80
2887:AGM-79
2882:AGM-78
2877:FGM-77
2872:AGM-76
2867:BGM-75
2862:BQM-74
2857:UGM-73
2852:MIM-72
2847:BGM-71
2842:LEM-70
2837:AGM-69
2832:AIM-68
2827:RIM-67
2822:RIM-66
2817:AGM-65
2812:AGM-64
2807:AGM-63
2802:AGM-62
2797:MQM-61
2792:AQM-60
2787:RGM-59
2782:MQM-58
2777:MQM-57
2772:PQM-56
2767:RIM-55
2762:AIM-54
2757:AGM-53
2752:MGM-52
2747:MGM-51
2740:51–100
2731:RIM-50
2726:LIM-49
2716:AGM-48
2711:AIM-47
2706:MIM-46
2701:AGM-45
2696:UUM-44
2691:FIM-43
2686:MQM-42
2681:AQM-41
2676:MQM-40
2671:MQM-39
2666:AQM-38
2661:AQM-37
2656:MQM-36
2641:AQM-34
2636:MQM-33
2631:MGM-32
2616:LGM-30
2611:MGM-29
2606:AGM-28
2601:UGM-27
2596:AIM-26
2579:RIM-24
2574:MIM-23
2569:AGM-22
2564:MGM-21
2559:ADM-20
2554:PGM-19
2549:MGM-18
2544:PGM-17
2539:CGM-16
2534:RGM-15
2529:MIM-14
2519:AGM-12
2514:PGM-11
2509:CIM-10
2379:
2371:
2363:
2353:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2179:4 July
2167:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2073:4 July
2061:
2053:
2045:
2007:
1972:4 July
1930:9 June
1920:Ensign
1899:9 June
1850:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1711:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1498:5 July
1464:5 July
1416:5 July
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
959:This "
887:Nevada
832:Sprint
743:MIRVed
370:Launch
342:system
238:Engine
189:Length
141:Boeing
6430:L (I)
6293:S (I)
6023:A (I)
5958:A (I)
5361:L (I)
5336:L (I)
5120:L (I)
4858:G (I)
4716:M (I)
4562:B/C/N
3633:GLSDB
3593:NCADE
3583:MA-31
3533:Brazo
3528:ASALM
2504:AIM-9
2499:RIM-8
2492:RIM-7
2487:AIM-7
2482:RGM-6
2477:MGM-5
2472:AIM-4
2467:MIM-3
2462:RIM-2
2457:MGM-1
2402:copy)
2320:(PDF)
2313:(PDF)
2234:eISSN
1655:(PDF)
1644:(PDF)
1542:JSTOR
1386:JSTOR
1372:(8).
1060:is a
948:) of
931:mesas
912:When
876:mesas
750:SS-18
312:range
6426:802
6249:695
6214:691
6184:687
6149:683
6129:681
6074:672
6034:666
6019:665
5954:655
5884:649
5864:648
5784:634
5709:621
5609:603
5594:602
5579:601
5523:580
5493:560
5473:550
5402:499
5372:498
5352:497
5332:495
5297:490
5262:485
5242:484
5178:478
5141:474
5116:471
4999:451
4959:445
4924:441
4884:435
4854:431
4829:428
4814:427
4799:426
4742:418
4707:416
4687:414
4603:405
4530:399
4505:380
4342:315
4287:306
4181:222
4061:201
3943:132
3831:118
3816:117
3756:107
3608:PrSM
3598:NLOS
3588:MSDM
3578:LRHW
3573:LREW
3553:HACM
3548:HALO
3495:201–
2450:1–50
2369:OCLC
2361:LCCN
2351:ISBN
2328:2020
2296:2020
2274:2017
2258:OCLC
2250:LCCN
2242:ISSN
2181:2022
2165:ISSN
2140:2020
2124:OCLC
2116:LCCN
2108:ISSN
2075:2022
2059:OCLC
2051:LCCN
2043:ISSN
2005:ASIN
1974:2022
1959:DTIC
1932:2012
1901:2012
1848:ISBN
1808:2011
1793:DTIC
1727:OCLC
1719:LCCN
1709:ISBN
1663:2007
1560:OCLC
1552:LCCN
1532:ISBN
1500:2022
1466:2022
1418:2022
1402:OCLC
1394:LCCN
1378:ISSN
1342:2020
1232:The
1056:The
891:Utah
789:and
782:SLBM
763:both
485:MIRV
392:MIRV
382:The
351:AIRS
179:Mass
73:Type
65:USAF
6588:968
6578:956
6573:855
6568:854
6563:853
6558:952
6532:846
6522:834
6517:833
6512:832
6502:823
6497:822
6492:821
6487:820
6482:819
6477:818
6472:817
6462:807
6457:806
6452:805
6447:804
6442:803
6422:801
6417:800
6396:754
6386:745
6381:744
6376:743
6371:742
6366:741
6361:740
6356:739
6351:738
6346:737
6341:736
6320:699
6315:698
6310:697
6305:696
6245:694
6240:693
6235:692
6210:690
6205:689
6200:688
6180:686
6175:685
6170:684
6145:682
6125:680
6120:679
6115:678
6110:677
6105:676
6100:675
6095:674
6090:673
6083:M/P
6070:671
6065:670
6060:669
6055:668
6050:667
6043:C/P
6015:664
6010:663
6005:662
6000:661
5995:660
5990:659
5985:658
5980:657
5975:656
5950:654
5945:653
5940:652
5935:651
5930:650
5860:647
5855:646
5850:645
5845:644
5840:643
5835:642
5830:641
5825:640
5820:639
5815:638
5810:637
5805:636
5800:635
5780:633
5775:632
5770:631
5765:630
5760:629
5755:628
5750:627
5745:626
5740:625
5735:624
5730:623
5725:622
5705:620
5700:619
5695:618
5690:617
5685:616
5680:615
5675:614
5670:613
5665:612
5660:611
5655:610
5650:609
5645:608
5640:607
5635:606
5630:605
5625:604
5575:600
5554:592
5549:591
5544:590
5514:570
5464:542
5454:530
5444:520
5434:500
5348:496
5328:494
5323:493
5318:492
5313:491
5293:489
5288:488
5283:487
5278:486
5238:483
5231:M/Z
5216:482
5204:481
5199:480
5194:479
5174:477
5162:476
5157:475
5137:473
5132:472
5112:470
5107:469
5102:468
5097:467
5092:466
5087:465
5082:464
5077:463
5072:462
5067:461
5055:460
5050:459
5045:458
5040:457
5035:456
5030:455
5025:454
5020:453
5015:452
4995:450
4990:449
4985:448
4980:447
4975:446
4955:444
4950:443
4945:442
4920:440
4915:439
4910:438
4905:437
4900:436
4880:434
4875:433
4870:432
4850:430
4845:429
4795:425
4790:424
4785:423
4780:422
4775:421
4768:L/W
4763:420
4758:419
4738:417
4703:415
4683:413
4678:412
4661:411
4644:410
4639:409
4634:408
4629:407
4624:406
4599:404
4594:403
4589:402
4584:401
4572:G/H
4557:400
4526:398
4496:337
4491:336
4486:335
4481:334
4476:333
4471:332
4466:331
4461:330
4449:329
4437:328
4425:327
4420:326
4415:325
4408:M/N
4398:324
4393:323
4388:322
4383:321
4378:320
4373:319
4368:318
4363:317
4358:316
4351:A-2
4346:A-1
4338:314
4333:313
4328:312
4323:311
4318:310
4313:309
4308:308
4303:307
4291:A/L
4283:305
4278:304
4273:303
4268:302
4263:301
4258:300
4242:299
4232:279
4222:239
4212:226
4207:225
4202:224
4197:223
4177:221
4172:220
4167:219
4162:218
4157:217
4152:216
4147:215
4142:214
4137:213
4132:212
4127:211
4122:210
4117:209
4112:208
4107:207
4102:206
4097:205
4092:204
4087:203
4082:202
4070:B/W
4065:A/L
4057:200
4019:199
4014:198
4004:142
3999:141
3994:140
3989:139
3984:138
3979:137
3974:136
3969:135
3964:134
3959:133
3939:131
3934:130
3929:129
3924:128
3919:127
3914:126
3909:125
3904:124
3899:123
3894:122
3889:121
3884:120
3857:C/F
3852:119
3812:116
3807:115
3802:114
3797:113
3792:112
3787:111
3782:110
3777:109
3772:108
3765:A-2
3760:A-1
3752:106
3747:105
3742:104
3737:103
3732:102
3720:101
3715:100
3568:KEI
3563:JSM
3543:GBI
1871:FAS
1131:in
1127:at
946:MPa
942:psi
905:of
838:."
652:'s
599:TRW
411:W87
363:CEP
214:W78
151:TRW
6612::
2377:OL
2375:.
2367:.
2359:.
2264:.
2256:.
2248:.
2240:.
2202:^
2163:.
2157:.
2130:.
2122:.
2114:.
2106:.
2100:.
2086:^
2077:.
2065:.
2057:.
2049:.
2035:.
2003:.
1999:|
1964:.
1957:.
1953:|
1918:.
1887:.
1869:,
1798:.
1791:.
1751:^
1735:OL
1733:.
1725:.
1717:.
1707:.
1703:.
1671:^
1646:.
1568:OL
1566:.
1558:.
1550:.
1540:.
1526:.
1506:.
1468:.
1456:.
1452:.
1448:.
1430:^
1420:.
1408:.
1400:.
1392:.
1384:.
1370:35
1368:.
1362:.
1350:^
1326:.
1305:^
1250:,
1246:,
1223:.
1183:.
1123:,
999:.
909:.
798:MX
609:,
545:,
440:.
388:MX
322:mi
318:mi
285::
275::
265::
255::
6288:R
6283:Q
6278:P
6273:N
6268:L
6263:C
6258:B
6253:A
6228:Z
6223:X
6218:C
6193:P
6188:J
6163:V
6158:J
6153:A
6138:E
6133:D
6078:A
6038:A
5968:P
5923:P
5918:L
5913:F
5908:E
5903:D
5898:C
5893:B
5888:A
5878:P
5873:D
5868:A
5793:B
5788:A
5618:L
5613:A
5603:L
5598:A
5588:L
5583:A
5532:E
5527:A
5502:F
5497:A
5482:E
5477:A
5416:D
5411:C
5406:A
5396:L
5391:E
5386:D
5381:C
5376:A
5366:L
5356:A
5306:M
5301:L
5271:Z
5266:L
5256:N
5251:M
5246:L
5226:L
5221:E
5209:L
5187:T
5182:A
5167:E
5150:N
5145:L
5060:L
5008:L
5003:D
4968:M
4963:L
4938:L
4933:D
4928:A
4893:L
4888:A
4838:L
4833:A
4823:M
4818:L
4808:M
4803:L
4751:M
4746:L
4731:Q
4726:P
4711:L
4696:M
4691:L
4671:L
4666:E
4654:L
4649:E
4619:D
4614:C
4607:B
4577:M
4567:E
4539:B
4534:A
4514:P
4454:F
4442:E
4430:E
4403:L
4296:B
4190:G
4185:A
4075:E
4039:Y
4034:D
4029:C
4024:B
3952:B
3947:A
3877:Y
3872:T
3867:L
3862:E
3845:P
3840:L
3835:A
3825:M
3820:L
3725:P
3692:e
3685:t
3678:v
3419:/
2627:)
2623:(
2434:e
2427:t
2420:v
2398:(
2383:.
2330:.
2298:.
2276:.
2187:.
2142:.
2015:.
1980:.
1934:.
1903:.
1856:.
1810:.
1745:.
1665:.
1344:.
1052:.
499:.
353:)
349:(
113:)
105:)
67:)
63:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.