Livorno - Knowledge

6096: 4178: 4391: 3361: 2947: 6185: 3837: 1085: 2916: 2080: 6120: 3080: 6045: 139: 3746: 3453: 6149: 3533: 6108: 6033: 2199: 109: 1081:. In turn, the trading networks grew, and with those, Britain's cultural contact with Tuscany. An increasing number of British writers, artists, philosophers, and travellers visited the area and developed the unique historical ties between the two communities. The British referred to the city in English as "Leghorn", derived from the Genoese term. Through the centuries, the city's trade fortunes fell and rose according to the success or failure of the Great Powers. The British and their Protestant allies were important to its trade. 3601: 3100: 6134: 6084: 3226: 1025: 465: 64: 3004: 1748: 6173: 5040: 2318: 6161: 2097: 6001: 4099: 6057: 3658: 713: 6197: 4294: 2114: 79: 6021: 89: 2284: 2182: 2250: 2165: 2148: 2131: 2012: 5975: 2063: 2046: 1995: 1978: 5949: 6069: 6233: 653: 2267: 2216: 2029: 5988: 2301: 6219: 5962: 2233: 6247: 2936:

out by Opera Laboratori Fiorentini, was opened definitely on 31 July 2010. On the ground floor, the exhibition includes: Diacinto Cestoni Room which consists of 12 exhibition tanks, Mediterranean Area, Indus-Pacific tank, Caribbean Sea, Ligurian coast, Tropical waters, Greek-Roman archaeological coastal area. Livorno Aquarium has 33 exhibition tanks containing 2000 animals of 300 different species.

146: 116: 4211:; it was built in red-brick with sloping walls and the interposition of clear stones, it has a quadrangular plant with a perimeter of 1500 meters and was equipped with 24 cannons to protect each side. One of the corners directs inside to join the Quartered of the Pisans and Matilda and Genoa keep; the three others are protected by triangular 2981:

the new one. The museum has a collection of liturgical objects coming from the old Synagogue destroyed in World War II. The commerce practised by the Jews community increased the property of the synagogue allowing a varied religious heritage of Dutch, Florentine, Venetian, Roman and Northern African origin. The display regard the

3578:, was partially destroyed by the 1742 earthquake. Restored in 1745 by Bernardino Ciurini and Antonio Fabbri a double white marble stairway and a small bell tower on the top of the façade were added. In 1867 the complex was enlarged with the acquisition of three other buildings in the back. With the settlement of the 2980:

The Yeshivà Marini Museum is housed in a neoclassical building already place of worship as Marini Oratory since 1867; once was home of the Confraternity Malbish Arumin which was provided to help the city's poor. In the post-war period was utilized as a synagogue in the waiting for the construction of

2935:

on the seafront promenade. It was built on a project by Enrico Salvais and Luigi Pastore as a heliotherapy centre and was opened to the public on 20 June 1937. Destroyed during World War II was rebuilt in 1950; in 1999 underwent extensive reconstruction, on a plan by Studio Gregotti and works carried

3284:

to Livorno; according to the tradition the young moor was named Morgiano and the older Alì Salentino; the other two sculptures were installed in 1626. During the French occupation of Livorno, from 1796 to 1799, the monument was removed from Sextius Mollis commander of the French garrison because it

3586:

period was carried out a new enlargement in 1929 by Enrico Salvais and Luigi Pastore transforming the adjacent former fire station in the council hall. Damaged by the bombing during World War II it was rebuilt and renovated under the direction of Primavera and was inaugurated in 1949 by the mayor

2421:

of the early 19th century, with associated port embargoes, piracy, and confiscation of cargoes, played out to the advantage of those Greek merchants willing to accept risk. By the 1820s, Greek entrepreneurs gradually replaced the Protestant British, Dutch, French and other merchants who left the

3653:

decorated, from 1610 to 1614, three large paintings representing "St Francis with Child and the Virgin", the "Assumption of Mary" and the "Apotheosis of Ste Julia", the other four paintings were works by minor artists. The simply façade had a marble porch with twin Doric columns surmounted by a

3013:

The origins of the museum date back to 1929 and part of the objects went destroyed by World War II. After the war, the museum was reopened inside the Livorno Aquarium and only in 1980 was transferred to Villa Henderson. The museum is divided in several halls regarding the Man, the Man in the

8367: 3191:

was the district of the Consuls of the Nations and of the most important international retailers who had the warehouses filled with goods from everywhere waiting to be shipped by sea to the most different destinations. The palaces along the canals had the turrets from which to see the ships

3717:

and in 1817 was added the bell tower 50 meters high on project by Gaspero Pampaloni. The cathedral was completely destroyed in 1943 from the Allied bombardment during World War II; it was then rebuilt respecting the original structure except for the two marble porches added to the

4344:

in order to strengthen the military apparatus of the town. The works started on 10 January 1590 and ended in 1604, the result is a considerable fortification, in stones and red bricks, with a polygonal plant surrounded by water; the new modification brought to the construction of

2869:

Another important role is played by the financial service, concentrated above all in via Cairoli, called the small city of Livorno, in which the headquarters of banks, financial institutions and insurance companies are concentrated, as well as the Post Office Building.

2364:

and the church was completed a few years later but did not open for worship until 1714. The church had a Latin cross plant and a dome at the intersection of the transept and nave. Destroyed during World War II, it was partly restored in 2008 but is not open to worship.

846:

Between 1427 and 1429, a census counted 118 families in Livorno, including 423 persons. Monks, Jews, military personnel, and the homeless were not included in the census. The only remainder of medieval Livorno is a fragment of two towers and a wall, located inside the

3160:, was built in 1631 on the ground of the Arch confraternity of the Company of the Nativity; in the same year Giovanni Battista Santi died and the control of the project passed to Giovanni Francesco Cantagallina though the works slowed down due to the lack of funds. 2425:

The Greeks concentrated on the grain market, banking and ship-brokering. Cargoes of wheat from the Black Sea were received at Livorno, before being re-shipped to England. Returning ships carried textiles and other industrial goods, which Greek merchants shipped to

628:. The high status of a multiethnic and multicultural Livorno lasted until the second half of the nineteenth century, when it was surpassed by other cities. Evidence of that prosperous time can be seen in the many churches, villas, and palaces of the city. 3434:

by Paolo Emilio Demi was installed on 6 June 1848. The statue of Leopoldo II was damaged by the crowd on 6 May 1849 and removed from the square because the Emperor was seen as the symbol of the Austrian domination; the statue was placed in

2969:

of Livorno founded a Civic Gallery where to collect all the artistic objects kept in several places around the town; in the same period was written the guideline of the gallery which hosted a collection of paintings of authors by Livorno.

4379:

The fortress was heavily damaged during World War II with the destruction of most parts of the buildings, the restoration was completed in 1972 and the superior part is used at present as a public park and centre for events and displays.

5101:; the library is organized with reading rooms with 80 places of capacity, 18 seats for consultation of manuscripts, 4 internet positions and a conference room with 60 seats. The library has a collection of autographs including those of 3640:

under the direction of Antonio Cantagallina. The church had a rectangular plant with a single nave, the original wooden ceiling, executed from 1610 to 1614, was carved by Vincenzo Ricordati and gilded with seven inserted paintings.

2381:

and their descendants. This community grew and became significant in the 18th and 19th centuries when Livorno became one of the principal hubs of the Mediterranean trade. Most of the new Greek immigrants came from western Greece,

5084:

in 1936. During World War II the building was used by the German command as headquarters, and later taken by the American forces; in the post-war period was restored in order to adapt it into library. In the warehouse of the

3163:

A new impulse to the works was given in 1656 concerning the distribution of the spaces where to build other houses and stores; consequently arose the problem of the diverse oriented road scheme with respect to the axis of

3563:, in order to accommodate the Community. It was evident that it was inadequate to the task and the Council deliberated, on 27 January 1720, the construction of the new town hall on the project by Giovanni del Fantasia. 2494:. The community contributed to founding a school for poor Catholic children. The local governing authorities recognized the contributions of distinguished members of the Greek community (e.g. members of the Papoudoff, 2351:

to settle in Livorno to increase its trade with the Ottoman Empire and western Asia. By the beginning of the 17th century, Armenians operated 120 shops in town. In 1701 the Armenian community, who were members of the

1046:. But, in the preceding period, the merchants of Livorno had developed a series of trading networks with Protestant Europe, and the Dutch, British, and Germans worked to retain these. In 1653 a naval battle, the 869:

was constructed, and the voluntary resettlement of the population to Livorno was stimulated. Livorno still remained a rather insignificant coastal fortress. By 1551, the population had grown to 1562 residents.

2464:, the second non-Catholic church in Tuscany. The Armenians had earlier built their own Orthodox church. The community founded a Greek school, awarding scholarships for higher studies to young Greeks from the 2454: 1100:, the French prohibited trade with Britain, and the economy of Livorno suffered greatly. The French had altogether taken over Tuscany by 1808, incorporating it into the Napoleonic empire. After the 1013:. Meanwhile, Jews continued to trade under their previous treaties with the Grand Duke. On 19 March 1606, Ferdinando I de' Medici elevated Livorno to the rank of city; the ceremony was held in the 4235:

the name of the commander of the galleys of the Grand Ducky of Tuscany. The land on the side toward the town was excavated in order to have the fortress surrounded by the sea for better defence.

466: 3490:, built between 1925 and 1928 by Enrico Salvais and Luigi Pastore, was formed by a series of flower beds and a walkway which follow the outline of the sea with numerous balustrades named after 7607: 1066:

and expansion. Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress was built, together with the town walls and the system of navigable canals through neighbourhoods. After the port of

8159: 6095: 3522:

and in 1994 it underwent a complete restoration using the same kind of materials originally employed; the works were completed on 10 July 1998 with the reconstruction of the gazebo.

4933:. In 1921 it was transferred under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Navy then returned to the Ministry of Education. The school give the professional preparation to form the 2580:; the presence of Portuguese and Spanish words is due to the origin of the first Jews who came to Livorno, having been expelled from the Iberian peninsula in the late 15th century. 3814:. The altar of the Portuguese Nation, built in the 17th century, had a wooden statue of Saint Mary until 1728 when this was positioned near the main altar and replaced by one of 2504: 982:

and expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal. Livorno extended rights and privileges to them, and they contributed greatly to the mercantile wealth and scholarship in the city.

4883:

was founded in 1825 as a School of Arts and Crafts in order to prepare the youngs to a profession in the sector of the mechanic industry as in the decorative arts. In 1923 the

4009:: oldest foreign Protestant burial ground in Italy. It was founded around 1645 and contains over 300 Carrara marble graves of notable people from 10 different nationalities. 6480:

The name "Leghorn" is not used much to refer to the city in English any more, with "Livorno" being favoured, although the traditional name is used now to refer to a popular

7870: 7054: 4793:

is one of the largest seaports both in Italy and the Mediterranean Sea as a whole. The Port has regular ferry links of the following operators with the following cities:

8312: 8247: 8408:

Ferdinando I De Medici, Document Inviting Jewish Merchants to Settle in Livorno and Pisa, in Italian, Manuscript on Vellum, Florence, Italy, 10 June 1593 (fac-simile)

3292:

During World War II the monument was transferred to a protected place in order to avoid being damaged by allied attacks, the statue of Ferdinando I was hidden in the

4427:. The plan gave no information regarding the function of the new urban area, indicating only a series of building blocks within a road system absolutely orthogonal, 3910:

in Byzantine style date back to 1641 and has three doors painted by Agostino Wanonbrachen in 1751; on the central door is represented the Most Holy Annunciation and

3802:, on each side, there are the three altars of the foreign Nations. The altar of the French Nation was built in 1613 and the painting, by Matteo Rosselli, represents 624:. Its intense commercial activity was largely dominated by foreign traders. Also the seat of consulates and shipping companies, it became the main port-city of the 6427: 5447: 4458:(Saint Francis rampant) of the new town on 28 March 1577; the works went on with several changes compared with the original plan including the construction of the 5064:, which was made public in 1840 and it was given to the Comune in 1854. The civic library was dedicated to Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi in 1923 and take place in 7036: 3149:, was built in an area gained to the sea, intersected by canals and linked to the town with bridges, for this reason, Venetians skilled workers were recruited. 7171: 5321: 3555:

Bernardetto Borromei and the Community representatives held their meetings in the Church of Saint Mary and Saint Julia. On 13 June 1646 a building, placed in

7631: 5902: 5633: 2459: 5503: 4421:

period, each side 600 meters long, with defensive walls, rampant and five bastions at the vertices, surrounded by canals; the fifth bastion coincided with

2835:

that initially produced motorcycles but changed the production to that of torpedoes. With the end of World War II the Fiume factory closed and merged with

6871: 5762: 5453: 5355: 5080:, who acquired it from the English merchant Thomas Lloyd in 1881. Fabbricotti, following to adverse economic affairs, sold the Villa and the park to the 3405: 8915: 8284: 5582: 5242: 4409:

in order to transform Livorno from a fishing village in a fortified town to accommodate 12,000 inhabitants, to include the original settlement and the

4365: 3670: 3109: 2597:

have continued as an important destination for travelers and tourists attracted to its historic buildings and setting. The port processes thousands of

1093: 7854: 3392:, 240 meters long and 90 meters wide, creating an elliptical paving. The portion of the canal covered by the new structure continued to be navigable. 962:. The laws established a well-regulated market and were in force until 1603. Also expanding Christian tolerance, the laws offered the right of public 6825:

Vlami Despina (1997) "Commerce and identity in the Greek communities: Livorno in the 18th and 19th centuries. (Identities, Cultures, and Creativity)"

5820: 5756: 5515: 5464: 5278: 4263: 3768: 3548: 3242: 2499: 2344: 932: 5013: 4398: 4248: 7826: 7337: 7245: 6952: 4158:. Livorno, in 1405, was sold to Genoa which reinforced the defences, building three forts under the Quartered, afterwards Livorno was bought from 3245:, and is one of the most popular monuments of Livorno. Ferdinando I commissioned it to Giovanni Bandini in 1595 to carry out a monument in white 3138: 2885:

liqueur was produced in Livorno until 2010; the famous distillery was closed and operations were brought to the United States by the new owners.

1202:

converted from Protestantism to Catholicism while visiting Italian friends in Livorno. She later was canonized as the first American-born saint.

1070:

had silted up in the 13th century, its distance from the sea increased and it lost its dominance in trade. Livorno took over as the main port in

7277: 5667: 5475: 4738: 4701: 3273: 2764:

forming the STANIC. The production of the new plant raised from 700,000 to 2 million tons in 1955; nowadays the capacity of refining is 84,000

2484: 171: 8444: 7664: 6671:

Davis, Robert (2018). "The Geography of Slaving in the Early Modern Mediterranean, 1500–1800". In Pargas, Damian Alan; Roşu, Felicia (eds.).

5933: 5851: 5683: 5068:. According to the tradition, the origin of the villa date back to the Medicean period when an edifice was built as a suburban residence for 4616: 4322: 4237: 3483: 7732: 3124:, in order to give an adequate space to the maritime and commercial activities. There was the need to build a mercantile district, close to 2434:. Chians controlled much of the trade. In 1839 Livorno had ten major commercial houses, led primarily by ethnic Greeks and Jewish Italians. 974:

from clergy in order to conduct civil business. The Grand Duke attracted numerous Turks, Persians, Moors, Greeks, and Armenians, along with

4929:

The Nautical Institute Alfredo Cappellini was formed on 13 December 1863, with a Royal Law and it was the first Technical Institute in the

3902:

and was decorated by the statues of Meekness and Innocence by Andrea Vaccà. The interior has a single nave and the ceiling is adorned by a

2757: 8079: 3261:. The monument was completed in 1599, shortly before the death of Bandini which occurred on 18 April, and arrived to Livorno by sea from 2798:, anti-torpedo countermeasure systems for submarines and ships and sonar systems for underwater surveillance. The factory was founded by 2760:(ANIC) but the plant was completely destroyed during World War II. The plant was rebuilt thanks to an agreement between the ANIC and the 7941: 7411: 6778: 3112:

considered, in 1629, the opportunity to enlarge the town, on project by Giovanni Battista Santi, toward north in an area included among

796:

Livorna is mentioned for the first time in 1017 as a small coastal village, the port and the remains of a Roman tower under the rule of

4734: 4435:. The road axis from north to south (cardo) underline the direction that united the centre of the town with a significant place as the 4207: 6405: 4372:

has been used for military purpose until the end of World War II, inside were built barracks and warehouses and a chapel dedicated to

8597: 785: 6119: 2554:, a satirical comic-style magazine printed chiefly in the Livornese dialect, was founded in 1982 and is now nationally distributed. 1953: 7805: 3035:, who lived here. Every year some of his operas are traditionally played during the lyric music season, which is organized by the 8174: 6125: 4919:. The institute is structured with 32 laboratories, 8 special school-rooms, library, film library, gymnasiums and machine-shops. 4050: 3486:

to deter pirate raids, subsequently replaced by a leisure park in the 1800s, and a heliotherapy centre in the early 1900s. A new

6909: 3723: 3192:

approaching the port, moreover, they had the stores at the canal level to facilitate the unloading of the goods from the boats.

8164: 7206: 7051: 6326: 5716: 5542:(1893–1976) President of the Chamber of Commerce of Livorno during the reconstruction after the Second World War, Industrialist 4601: 3014:

Mediterranean context, the Invertebrates, the Sea, the Flight in Nature. Inside the museum is a Planetarium and an Auditorium.

2821:. At the end of World War I the factory was in economic crisis and was purchased by Giuseppe Orlando, one of the owners of the 1266:

threshold in spite of its relatively high latitude. Winters are mild for the latitude due to the moderating influence from the

7897: 7097:"Il Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori di Livorno :: Gli editoriali di OriginalITALY – OriginalITALY.it – Il meglio in Italia" 6852: 6684: 3753:

The Church of the Madonna is placed on the street of the same name which connects directly the city centre with the district

3335:, situated on what were the outskirts of 19th-century Livorno, is the largest and best known of the city's covered cisterns. 881:

hub in the early modern period, rivalling Malta's. Its share of slave population may have been over a 25% of the population.

631:

Livorno is considered to be the most modern among all the Tuscan cities, and is the third most-populous of the region, after

8407: 8251: 4876: 8930: 8910: 7758: 7384: 6032: 4957: 4673: 4122:, on the remains of a Roman tower; in 1241 the Pisans built a massive cylindrical tower, 30 meters high erroneously called 3427: 7096: 7018: 4276: 3906:

structure with a central painting representing the Annunciation by Giovanni Domenico Ferretti (1750). The precious wooden

4129:(Matilda keep). Pisa realized the strategic importance of the castle of Livorno which owned since 1103 and in 1377 the 3276:. In the meantime Tacca received the approval to add the four moors to the pedestal; the first two statues were fused in 3130:, provided with houses and depots to store the merchandise and a system of canals to facilitate their transport. The new 138: 1077:

The more successful of the European powers re-established trading houses in the region, especially the British with the

6824: 4797: 3686: 2409:, until the late 19th century Livorno enjoyed a strong strategic position related to Greek mercantile interests in the 7033: 3874:

who once lived in Livorno. At the end of the 16th century, numerous Greeks came to Tuscany to take service aboard the

8925: 8437: 8356: 7687: 6734: 6361: 3988: 3730: 692: 593: 556: 516: 8412: 7544: 7175: 6184: 4511:, where to build the church of the new town. The church, which was built in a central position on the south side of 7363: 6975: 4852: 3946: 3934:. The church was entirely destroyed by the bombings during World War II and the restoration was completed in 1985. 3312: 3268:

Ferdinando I projected to add four statues of moors prisoners at the pedestal of his monument and gave the task to

3208: 2847:

continued the production of torpedoes in a new plant which opened in 1977 and still operating, then entered in the

2823: 2713: 877:

after 1561, distinctive for its aggressive approach towards the Muslim world, Livorno became a major Mediterranean

108: 6803: 6107: 4471:(Royal canal), with numerous palaces, warehouse, garrisons and custom-houses. The central street at that time was 3775:

which had the nearby Oratory of Saints Cosmas and Damian. The construction began on 25 March 1607 on a project by

2961:, the museum mainly featuring contemporary art from the 19th-century was inaugurated in 1994 and is placed inside 1256: 7780: 5695: 4692: 3346: 1270:. Precipitation is in a wet winter/dry summer pattern as with all climates fitting the Mediterranean definition. 1123:

and, as part of the Kingdom, the town lost its status as a free port. The city's commercial importance declined.

7710: 7522: 4535:(Three palaces); the square was adorned with a series of marble arcades attributed to Alessandro Pieroni. The 4329:

with the intention to develop a new urban plan of the town that led to a pentagonal shape surrounded by canals.

7608:"Duomo o Cattedrale di San Francesco di Livorno – guida e informazioni su: Duomo o Cattedrale di San Francesco" 6868: 6270: 6148: 6044: 4636: 4390: 4177: 3966: 3767:

subtracted from a Turkish ship. The church was important as it was a place of worship for foreign communities.

3431: 3057: 2965:, an 18th-century construction surrounded by a vast park. The origin of the museum dates back to 1877 when the 2810:, and produced for the first time torpedoes sold all around the world. In 1905 the factory changed its name to 2569: 2522: 674: 8010: 6133: 4596: 3327: 1158: 8590: 8347:

Vaccari, Olimpia; Frattarelli Fischer, Lucia; Mangio, Carlo; Panessa, Giangiacomo; Bettini, Maurizio (2006).

4631: 4171: 4006: 2940: 1096:

of the late eighteenth century, Napoleon's troops occupied Livorno along with the rest of Tuscany. Under the

7975:

Dario Matteoni, Le città nella storia d’Italia Livorno, p.20-21, Edizioni Laterza e Belforte Editore Livorno

7643: 4572:

military university in Livorno, which is responsible for the technical training of military officers of the

8430: 7851: 6196: 5550: 5187: 4975: 3199:

district retains much of its original town planning and architectural features such as the bridges, narrow

2668: 390: 6172: 6083: 3995:

Marian votive church in central Livorno. The tall brick church façade is located scenically at the end of

3510:

for musical performances was built in the large square; it was destroyed during World War II. In 1937 the

3316:

and the neoclassical cisterns of Livorno were part of a sophisticated scheme to provide water to Livorno.

2564: 7966:

Dario Matteoni, Le città nella storia d’Italia Livorno, p.19, Edizioni Laterza e Belforte Editore Livorno

7913: 7230:

Dario Matteoni, Le città nella storia d’Italia Livorno, p.70, Edizioni Laterza e Belforte Editore Livorno

7196:

Dario Matteoni, Le città nella storia d’Italia Livorno, p.64, Edizioni Laterza e Belforte Editore Livorno

6260: 6160: 5069: 4967: 4952: 4742: 3360: 2322: 3272:

in 1602 but the monument remained in a corner of the square till 29 May 1617 when it was inaugurated by

8386: 7830: 7500: 7341: 7249: 6712: 6528: 6455: 6409: 5862: 4722: 4333: 3931: 3415: 3238: 8340: 6844:

A History of Greek-owned Shipping: The Making of an International Tramp Fleet, 1830 to the Present Day

978:

immigrants. Sephardic Jews began to immigrate to Livorno in the late sixteenth century, following the

863:, the ruling dynasty of Florence, some modifications were made in the city. Between 1518 and 1534 the 7285: 6869:

Christopoulos, M.D. "Greek Communities Abroad: Organization and Integration. A Case Study of Trieste"

5236: 5178:

is a satirical monthly magazine printed in Livorno founded in 1982 and distributed in central Italy.

4984: 4543: 2946: 2898: 2513:

in 1861, the Greek community in Livorno declined, as the privileges of the free port were rescinded.

2473: 2361: 2353: 1153: 1043: 483:, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as 63: 4769:), seventeen urban lines, one school line and six suburban routes departing from Livorno across the 2572:. It was a language based on Italian, developed with words coming from Tuscan, Spanish, Portuguese, 8583: 6608:"M. Tullii Ciceronis epistolae ad Atticum: ad Quintum fratrem et quae vulgo ad familiares dicuntur" 5603: 5327: 4451:

with the task of supervising the construction and Alessandro Puccini was the chief superintendent.

3923: 3788: 3764: 2509:

and other families) and granted them titles of nobility. After unification and the founding of the

1028: 817: 670: 290: 4966:

elected was Luigi De Steffani who remained in charge from 1862 to 1867. The Liceo was entitled to

3297: 8606: 6842: 5230: 5055: 4488: 4243: 3956: 3859: 3836: 3212: 2357: 1262:). Summers have warm days with the heat lingering on throughout the night, hence going above the 1240: 752:

and the ruins of towers. The natural cove called Liburna is a reference to the type of ship, the

663: 88: 3693:

when in 1716 was added the first of two lateral chapels. The left side chapel, dedicated to the

3384:. The solution adopted in 1844 was that of Luigi Bettarini which considered the coverage of the 8104: 5867: 5422: 4892: 4778: 4646: 4641: 4436: 4414: 4280: 4253: 4032: 3879: 3824: 3780: 3632:

on the south side of Piazza Grande once named Piazza d’Arme. The original plan was drawn up by

3621: 3370:

At the beginning of the 19th century arose the need to connect the Medicean road system of the

3254: 3126: 1221: 1084: 916: 889: 874: 625: 8422: 8129: 7452: 7307: 6607: 6056: 4198: 4053:: known more simply as the Dutch-German Church, is situated in Livorno, on the stretch of the 3498:

has a paved surface of 8,700 square meters formed by 34,800 black and white tiles placed as a

2915: 993:

moved to Livorno. These included Christian Protestant reformers who supported such leaders as

985:

Livorno became an enlightened European city and one of the most important ports of the entire

8779: 8554: 7945: 7677: 7408: 6495: 6349: 6238: 6140: 5701: 4682: 4565: 4373: 4110: 3792: 3706: 3698: 2828: 2648: 2618: 2444: 1252: 1051: 865: 369: 5412: 4733:

Since 1875 Livorno has ever had a public transport system managed by some companies such as

4261:. On the opposite side was built a church dedicated to Saint Francis where on 19 March 1606 4247:, above the Quartered of the Pisans which went destroyed during World War II. The successor 7586: 7478: 6891:

Vlami, D. (undated) "Filopatrides kai filogeneis Hellenes tou Livorno", part of the series

6567: 5836: 5795: 5609: 5389: 5212: 5050: 5017: 4402: 4326: 4068: 4022: 3970: 3915: 3633: 3398: 3389: 3250: 3079: 2683: 2638: 2495: 2378: 1229: 1190: 1143: 1112: 1042:

were targeted by various Catholic absolute rulers. Livorno's tolerance declined during the

901: 832: 729:

Age. This is documented by the worked bones, and pieces of copper and ceramic found on the

379: 78: 6422: 3636:

when he projected the new town. The construction began in June 1581 on a reviewed plan by

2483:

family financed the "School of Mutual Education" established in Livorno by the pedagogist

8: 8549: 8499: 8479: 8463: 7427: 6068: 6020: 6005: 5751: 5623: 5615: 5437: 4930: 4774: 4770: 4569: 4026: 4018: 3811: 3745: 3613: 3410: 2818: 2377:

who settled in Livorno early in the 16th century were former mercenaries in the fleet of

1274: 1263: 1199: 1035: 986: 963: 959: 885: 706: 605: 480: 408: 268: 230: 6450: 4279:

in 1737, by a defensive structure to a military college for officers of the Army of the

4174:

in 1506, the fortress had to incorporate the existing Pisan and Genovese constructions.

3822:. Outside the body of the building, separated by a railing, is a Chapel dedicate to the 2765: 8484: 8272: 8197: 6202: 5966: 5800: 5785: 5442: 5337: 5266: 4520: 4337: 4152:. In 1392 this fort was connected to a wall in order to defend better the town and the 4119: 4036: 3883: 3819: 3803: 3776: 3637: 3467: 2886: 2663: 2398: 2391: 2203: 2198: 1236: 1101: 1097: 936: 878: 801: 225: 8313:"Il canale dei Navicelli, la via d'acqua tra Pisa e Livorno ponte per un gemellaggio?" 3452: 3426:. The square, adorned with 52 marble benches, 92 pillars and two statues dedicated to 8559: 8352: 7683: 6913: 6848: 6680: 6357: 6265: 5841: 5689: 5656: 5509: 5481: 5383: 5343: 5316: 5300: 5291: 5284: 5029: 5009: 5005: 4754: 4669: 4538: 4432: 4310: 4078: 3927: 3911: 3807: 3784: 3674: 3617: 3532: 3293: 3289:, as soon as the French left the town the monument was put back in its former place. 3215:, and a dense network of canals that once served to link its warehouses to the port. 3169: 2673: 2623: 2447:, language and history. In 1775 they established the Confraternity of Holy Trinity ( 2417:, and the North Atlantic. The conflicts between Great Britain and France during the 2414: 1267: 1047: 1018: 828: 824: 725:

The origins of Livorno are controversial, although the place was inhabited since the

22: 8374:

Twelve Cities – One Sea Early Modern Mediterranean Port Cities and their Inhabitants

8346: 8222: 8057: 8035: 7985: 7587:"La Vecchia Livorno, immagini d'epoca in foto e cartoline da collezione della città" 3350:

is an austere neoclassical design which was approved in 1837 and completed in 1848.

2405:) and the warehouses constructed for long-term storage of goods and grains from the 8920: 8864: 8417: 7894: 7121: 6676: 5914: 5826: 5747: 5639: 5597: 5572: 5556: 5539: 5533: 5492: 5378: 5367: 5332: 5106: 4989: 4962: 4190: 4137: 3891: 3815: 3806:. The altar of the Corsican Nation, which at the time was under the control of the 3702: 3625: 3225: 3143: 3062: 2958: 2926: 2799: 2658: 2510: 1120: 805: 567: 527: 490: 459: 421: 213: 6991: 5409:(1903–1944), Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Benito Mussolini's son-in-law 3600: 3099: 3003: 2476:

of 1821, as well as various Greek communities in the Ottoman Empire and in Italy.

1235:

Since the late 20th century, Livorno's residents have become well known for their

1213:

based on designs by Cioni. These added to the architectural richness of the city.

8839: 8524: 8504: 8137: 7901: 7858: 7415: 7058: 7040: 7022: 6979: 6875: 6481: 6280: 5885: 5880: 5846: 5774: 5673: 5651: 5645: 5562: 5428: 5417: 5373: 5349: 5224: 5194: 5174: 5102: 5001: 4912: 4880: 4790: 4750: 4154: 4010: 3919: 3760: 3690: 3650: 3646: 3519: 3475: 3258: 3032: 2856: 2815: 2807: 2678: 2594: 2573: 2550: 2489: 2418: 2339: 2317: 1747: 1024: 979: 893: 860: 836: 734: 617: 264: 8575: 7146: 7070: 5750:(1883–1979) Painter, heir to the Macchiaioli and Impressionists, founder of the 5692:(1884–1920), Painter and sculptor, famous for the paintings of long-necked women 5115: 3466:

is a wide sinuous belvedere toward the sea with views to the Livorno hills, the

8154: 7573: 7015: 5815: 5779: 5768: 5727: 5628: 5592: 5588: 5566: 5521: 5486: 5459: 5406: 5401: 5361: 5272: 5254: 5039: 4993: 4949: 4884: 4810: 4227:

since housed the sand-glass used to control the guard duty, to the west is the

4014: 3871: 3710: 3642: 3491: 3246: 2653: 2628: 2539: 2431: 1176: 1078: 1063: 955: 944: 256: 6927: 5908: 4978:; the name came into effect in 1889 and remained until the unification of the 3866:. The church is called Unite Greeks too because was the worship place for the 3430:

by Francesco Pozzi were inaugurated on 8 September 1847 and that dedicated to

8904: 8844: 8784: 8534: 8509: 8494: 6460: 6275: 6252: 6000: 5857: 5790: 5742: 5722: 5708: 5678: 5545: 5498: 5260: 5206: 5200: 5113:, and ancient books printed in Livorno since the 17th century, including the 4934: 4317: 4163: 4098: 3992: 2843:

on 31 July 1945 manufacturing 1000 A244 light torpedo sold to 15 Navies. The

2717: 1613: 1167: 1002: 994: 730: 286: 186: 173: 8198:"Provincia di Livorno – Biblioteche – Cultura – Cittadini – Regione Toscana" 6304: 4531:(Port of Genovesi) filled up with earth to make room to the building called 4417:. The development of the project led to a pentagonal plant as in use in the 3999:, and has a park surrounding it. In front is a Monument to Fallen Soldiers ( 8539: 6755: 6224: 5992: 5896: 5831: 5712: 5662: 5395: 5310: 5218: 4868: 4801: 4573: 4130: 3847: 3763:

bridge. According to tradition the church was built to host the statute of

3734: 3552: 3499: 3269: 2852: 2761: 2610: 1217: 1006: 954:

to regulate trade. These laws protected merchant activities from crime and

777: 745: 712: 613: 472: 260: 5524:(1955–1997), painter and creator of the scandal of the heads of Modigliani 4029:. The cemetery was closed in 1839 and a new one, still active, was opened. 8399: 5939: 5891: 5805: 5470: 5248: 5110: 5097:, 2,000 cinquecentine (is a book printed in the 16th century) and 60,000 4971: 4916: 4904: 4418: 4293: 3907: 3899: 3799: 3657: 2986: 2848: 2745: 2725: 2643: 2633: 2602: 2598: 2480: 2465: 2101: 2096: 1210: 998: 990: 925: 741: 8351:. Storie Illustrate (in Italian). Pisa: Pacini Editore. pp. 1–272. 6972: 4519:, was completed in 1602 under the direction of Antonio Cantagaliina and 4454:

Francesco I de' Medici laid the first stone for the construction of the

4307:(New fortress) take place at the end of the 1500s, by the adjustment of 2831:

and Fiume passed to Italy. Whitehead Torpedo established in Livorno the

8544: 8489: 8289: 5874: 5577: 5146: 5090: 4823: 4697: 4406: 3772: 3157: 2544: 2443:) had a distinctive cultural and social identity based on their common 2427: 2118: 2113: 1127: 905: 897: 761: 757: 677: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 609: 5060:

on the Viale della Libertà was founded in 1816, by the fellows of the

4356:

In 1629 part of the fortress was demolished to permit the building of

3828:

built in 1631. The simple façade was covered in white marble in 1972.

3579: 3045:

is situated on the boulevard on the seafront, is named in his honour.

5738: 5733: 5527: 5305: 5152: 5098: 5094: 4896: 4888: 4814: 4481: 4197:. The construction was suspended since the popular revolt forced the 3974: 3714: 3694: 3666: 3438: 2982: 2753: 2410: 2356:, were authorized to build their own church, which they dedicated to 2348: 726: 621: 360: 3701:

with frescoes by Giovanni Maria Terreni and the altar attributed to

3257:

which in that period prevailed in several naval battles against the

1062:

At the end of the 17th century, Livorno underwent a period of great

784:

mentioned Liburna in a letter to his brother, in which he called it

652: 8824: 8759: 8688: 8564: 8529: 8519: 5979: 5809: 5432: 5295: 5128: 4746: 4586: 4159: 4118:(Pisan Port) where a square tower was built in 1077, on request of 4047:, chiefly related to events of miraculous rescues of people at sea. 4040: 3895: 3719: 3511: 3503: 3487: 3422: 3409:

in honour of the Lorraine dynasty until 1859, in the period of the

3376:

to the new eastern districts of the town, on the other side of the

3277: 3204: 3029: 2749: 2741: 2691: 2288: 2283: 2186: 2181: 1220:. Many historic sites and buildings were destroyed by bombs of the 749: 632: 240: 8774: 7071:"Livorno Aquarium, Tuscany's largest aquarium Acquario di Livorno" 4922: 816:

was destroyed after the crushing defeat of the Pisan fleet in the

8889: 8869: 8859: 8854: 8834: 8819: 8814: 8764: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8703: 8693: 8683: 8678: 8652: 8474: 8453: 6899:

newspaper, pp. 1–64. In Greek language. Need date of publication.

5974: 5953: 5619: 5156: 5077: 4908: 4900: 4840: 4836: 4818: 4677: 4212: 4072: 4044: 3887: 3583: 3471: 3262: 3036: 2908: 2795: 2777: 2721: 2577: 2254: 2249: 2169: 2164: 2152: 2147: 2135: 2130: 2067: 2062: 2050: 2045: 2016: 2011: 1999: 1994: 1982: 1977: 1183: 1116: 1071: 971: 967: 753: 476: 340: 218: 5076:

received the name from its last owner Bernardo Fabbricotti from

4887:

transformed the school in an Industrial Technical Institute for

4749:

that changed over the years. Livorno bus network, as the entire

3779:

and was completed in 1611; the church at first was dedicated to

1115:. At that time the city counted 96,471 inhabitants. Livorno and 8879: 8849: 8804: 8794: 8769: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8713: 8708: 8642: 8458: 8452: 5987: 5948: 5081: 4831: 4805: 4757:

which manages, since 1 November 2021, two High Mobility Lines (

4257:, on the top of Canaviglia bastion situated at the entrance of 4220: 3903: 3875: 3507: 3286: 3168:, it was resolved by adopting a road plan perpendicular to the 2966: 2469: 2406: 2387: 2374: 2305: 2300: 2271: 2266: 2220: 2215: 1010: 781: 441: 386: 365: 47: 8394: 5165:

also features sixteen local editions around the whole region.

4626: 4621: 4507:

In 1594 it was decided to create a huge square, at halfway of

3886:, was completed in 1605 and consecrated on 25 March 1606. The 3067: 2827:

of Livorno, as Whitehead Torpedo, in 1924 when was signed the

1138: 1132: 582: 8884: 8874: 8829: 8809: 8799: 8698: 8657: 8647: 8626: 7207:"Cantagallina, Giovanni Francesco in "Dizionario Biografico"" 6074: 5961: 4997: 4940: 4827: 4466: 4428: 4035:: Marian sanctuary atop a hill outside Livorno, dedicated to 3560: 3132: 2889:

is still made here and enjoyed by locals and tourists alike.

2881: 2803: 2699: 2383: 2237: 2232: 2084: 2079: 1206: 1108: 921: 843:

was used certainly in the eighteenth century by Florentines.

808:

owned Livorna from 1103 and built a quadrangular fort called

797: 636: 206: 8155:"Biblioteca comunale Labronica Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi" 4708:

Livorno also has its own rugby and American football teams.

3300:. The monument has been restored recently in 1990 and 2013. 2996: 2989:, paintings, religious objects as the Oriental-style wooden 1074:. By 1745 Livorno's population had risen to 32,534 persons. 545: 505: 8673: 8621: 7871:"Fortezza Nuova: guida su cosa vedere e visitare a Livorno" 5704:(1784–1885), Jewish financier and philanthropist in Britain 5124: 4268: 4215:

with rounded tips. The bastion towards the north is called

4205:

is a massive fortification completed on 1 April 1534 under

4124: 3930:

and the four Apostles, in the left door is represented the

3544: 3281: 3200: 2973: 2814:

and before his death, Whitehead sold his shares package to

2695: 2690:

many of whom take arranged buses to inland destinations as

2033: 2028: 1067: 1039: 975: 576: 536: 496: 7545:"Duomo di Livorno (Cattedrale di San Francesco) – Livorno" 4899:. In the following years other specialities were added as 3654:

terrace added in 1605 on a project by Alessandro Pieroni.

7385:"Demi, Paolo Gaspero Scipione in "Dizionario Biografico"" 4591: 3798:

The church has a rectangular plan with a single nave and

2769: 2737: 1962:

Largest resident foreign-born groups as 31 December 2020

1225: 579: 539: 502: 8223:"Villa Fabbricotti – Giardini Livorno – Regione Toscana" 6902: 6428:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4043:. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decorated with 3709:, was built in 1727 and was decorated with paintings by 2794:(WASS) plant, based in Livorno produced heavy and light 6395:(Revised Third ed.). Glasgow: HarperCollins. 1995. 4321:(Saint Barbara rampant) of the project commissioned by 3831: 3818:. The altar of the Dutch-German Nation is dedicated to 3729:

Since 2006, on the occasion of the bicentennial of the

3595: 2724:

acquired the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando, then of

1038:

increased tensions among Christians; dissidents to the

612:". Developing considerably from the second half of the 7711:"Chiesa dei Greci Uniti (della Santissima Annunziata)" 6348:

de Blij, H. J.; O. Muller, Peter; Nijman, Jan (2010).

6347: 5392:(1920–2016), former President of the Republic of Italy 5155:, printed and published in Livorno and distributed in 3028:

houses memorabilia, documents and operas by the great

2568:

was a Judæo-Italian regional dialect once used by the

7936: 7934: 4960:, then Ministry of the Public Instruction. The first 2397:

Based on its status since the late 16th century as a

1126:

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Livorno had numerous

904:

drew up the first plan. The new fortified town had a

594: 585: 557: 548: 517: 508: 6693: 6214: 5854:(1916–1989), biologist, director of Livorno Aquarium 4721:

The nearest airport is the main airport of Tuscany,

4464:. Livorno became a town, encircled by the navigable 4439:; the axis from west to east (decumanus) linked the 4039:, the patron saint of Tuscany, is a destination for 3890:

façade was built in 1708 presumably on a project by

573: 533: 493: 7332: 7330: 7328: 5559:, former captain of Italy national rugby union team 5215:(born 1967), former football player, football coach 3566:The new neo-renaissance palace, positioned between 2841:

Whitehead Moto Fides Stabilimenti Meccanici Riuniti

2705: 2538:Livorno inhabitants speak a variant of the Italian 1088:

Bird's-eye view of Livorno in the mid 19th century.

950:In 1593, the Duke's administration established the 744:coincided with the occupation of the region by the 570: 542: 530: 499: 7931: 7569: 7567: 7565: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6354:The World Today: Concepts and Regions in Geography 4725:, which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) away. 4251:built a small palace toward the sea, later became 4241:built in 1544 an imposing palace, overlooking the 4017:were buried here, but also some of the friends of 3665:The church was consecrated on 19 February 1606 by 3172:. The paving of the roads and along the canals in 2993:; the oldest and most important pieces went lost. 1094:Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars 772:(Ante ignem), which was the place situated before 8605: 8376:, Roma, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, pp. 37-53 8372:Giovanni Tarantino, Paola Von Wyss-Giacosa, eds, 5741:(1894–1940), won 5 gold medals in fencing at the 4546:and Giovanni del Fantasia in 1707, at the end of 4144:(Quartered of the Pisans) on plans attributed to 3380:, and the requirement to dismantle the city gate 3180:(New fish market) was built in 1705 close to the 3048: 1224:preceding their invasion of Italy, including the 8902: 8285:"E' morta l'attrice di cinema e tv Lydia Biondi" 7453:"La Terrazza Mascagni di Livorno – Italian Ways" 7325: 7240: 7238: 7236: 5642:(1852–1922) poet, writer, patriot and politician 5358:(1828–1889), commander of Regia Accademia Navale 3737:, was displayed in the Chapel of the Eucharist. 3419:until June 1946 when was given the current name 2939: 776:(Ardentia), where beacons directed the ships to 7781:"La Fortezza Vecchia – Informazioni sui luoghi" 7562: 6992:"InStoria – Lo stabilimento Whitehead di Fiume" 6502: 5569:Jewish community leader, historian, and scholar 4447:. In August 1576 was created the Office of the 3882:. The church was built in 1601 on a project by 3671:Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 3482:(Cavalrymen Fort) built in the 17th century by 2812:Torpedo Fabrik Whitehead & Co. Gesellschaft 943:), which meant that the goods traded here were 6385: 4870:Istituto Tecnico Industriale "Galileo Galilei" 3949:: Baroque church in the centre of Livorno, in 3629: 3559:, was purchased for the sum of seven thousand 3372: 3243:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 2756:. Livorno refinery was established in 1936 by 2345:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 933:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 910: 854: 812:("Quarter of the Pisans") to defend the port. 8591: 8438: 8172: 7233: 5934:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy 5927: 5160: 5144: 3940: 3628:, and was built in a central position of the 3604:The Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi and 3218: 2859:, as the latter has been renamed since 2018. 2783: 2448: 2438: 1195:all the last on project by Angiolo Badaloni. 914:, incorporating the original settlement. The 831:; and on 28 August 1421 it was bought by the 733:in a cave between Ardenza and Montenero. The 716:Fortifications of Livorno in the 17th century 351: 345: 238: 45: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7271: 7269: 7267: 6804:"Chiesa armena di San Gregorio Illuminatore" 5618:(born 1975), football player, top scorer of 5536:(1768–1820), virtuoso guitarist and composer 4974:'s friend, in 1862; in 1883 it was named to 4413:, capable to become the trade centre of the 4383: 3280:in 1622 and carried on the barges along the 2929:, is the main in Tuscany. It is situated by 2758:Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili 2472:. The community raised funds to support the 8418:Livorno Boat Tour along the Medicean canals 5911:(born 1964), film screenwriter and director 4956:was established on 10 March 1860 by law of 4486:(Colonella city gate), in the proximity of 3722:and was consecrated on 21 December 1952 by 3612:The cathedral of the town, commonly called 3274:Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1009:, and English arrived, along with Orthodox 8598: 8584: 8445: 8431: 8319:(in Italian). Press Mare. 24 February 2016 8109:www.associazioneproliceoclassicolivorno.it 7632:Chiesa della Madonna, Costa degli Etruschi 7584: 7479:"La Terrazza Mascagni, una nuova stagione" 6643:, in "Il Pentagono", n. 11, novembre 2009. 6635: 6633: 6421: 5922: 5823:(1828–1906), first mayor from 1865 to 1867 5698:(born 1978), fencer, Olympic gold medalist 5119:printed in 1770 in Livorno by the ancient 4332:The original project was then modified by 4283:(1769) and afterwards in garrison (1795). 4275:changed its function to the coming of the 4189:The works started in 1518 on the order of 4162:on 28 August 1421 at the price of 100.000 3963:district next to the Piazza del Luogo Pio. 3863: 3689:. The plant of the church was modified in 3353: 2712:Since 1866 Livorno has been noted for its 1209:were built on the avenue along the sea in 835:. The name 'Leghorn' was derived from the 8916:Municipalities of the Province of Livorno 7746: 7264: 7122:"Museo Ebraico, Museum in Tuscany, Italy" 7094: 6840: 6776: 6376: 6305:"Popolazione residente al 1 Gennaio 2023" 5765:(1840–1888), lawyer, Member of Parliament 5000:from 1887 to 1895. Among the pupils were 4622:Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo 4201:and was resumed in 1530 on their return. 3713:. The Collegiata in 1806 was elevated to 3685:having the functions of the Vicar of the 3590: 3068:Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo 3008:Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo 2998:Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo 2851:in 1979 and in 1995 passed definitely to 2455:Church of the Santissima Trinità, Livorno 1216:Livorno suffered extensive damage during 1148: 1139:Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo 1057: 693:Learn how and when to remove this message 7665:Chiesa della Madonna, Beni ecclesiastici 5905:(born 1937), sculptor, painter, designer 5782:(1935–1971), football player and manager 5346:(1868–1946), cavalry officer, equestrian 5038: 5028:Further information on the library: 4527:was completed and enlarged with the old 4389: 4292: 4176: 4097: 4086: 4075:place of worship in Livorno, located in 3835: 3744: 3740: 3656: 3599: 3531: 3451: 3359: 3303: 3224: 3098: 3078: 3002: 2945: 2914: 1746: 1198:In the early 19th century, the American 1083: 1023: 947:within the area of the town's control. 711: 479:region, Italy. It is the capital of the 8277: 8175:Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico 8130:"Leading Libraries of the World: Italy" 7914:"Buontalenti e l'architettura militare" 7340:. Comune Notizie online. Archived from 7248:. Comune Notizie online. Archived from 7174:. Comune Notizie online. Archived from 6630: 6126:Temple of the Dutch German Congregation 5034: 4114:takes place not far from what once was 4051:Temple of the Dutch German Congregation 3855: 3795:following enlargement of the building. 3733:, the "Christ Crowned with Thorns", by 3249:to represent him in the uniform of the 2768:per day. The refinery, now property of 1742: 888:, when the settlement was ruled by the 8903: 8341:Bibliography of the history of Livorno 7675: 7646:. Livorno delle Nazioni. 24 April 2013 7525:. Sito ufficiale del turismo a Livorno 7147:"Livorno ebraica » Museo Ebraico" 6779:"Storia in sintesi – Armeni in Italia" 6605: 6568:"Comuni della Toscana per popolazione" 6554:Rivista Geografica Italiana, volume 65 5717:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 5506:(1925–1993), professor, poet, essayist 5239:(1724–1807), prolific Rabbinic scholar 4651: 4475:extended for 750 meters, later called 4394:The copy of the project by Buontalenti 3705:, The right side chapel, dedicated to 3669:Nunzio Antonio Grimani; on request by 3543:Livorno was elevated to the status of 3338: 3041: 2931: 1769: 1130:housing important museums such as the 8579: 8426: 6699: 6670: 6379:Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary 6370: 6356:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 63. 4924:Istituto Nautico "Alfredo Cappellini" 4777:which connect lower Montenero to the 4606: 4423: 3114: 3087: 3083:View of Livorno from the old fortress 3074: 2862: 2333: 1104:, Austrian rule replaced the French. 1050:, was fought near Livorno during the 873:Seat of the crusading and corsairing 848: 458: 8248:"Biblioteca Labronica F.D.Guerrazzi" 8147: 7308:"Livorno la statua dei Quattro Mori" 6529:"LIVORNO in "Enciclopedia Italiana"" 5364:(1836–1901), Jewish Biblical scholar 4592:Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi 3867: 3850:is located in the central street of 3832:Church of the Most Holy Annunciation 3596:Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi 3514:was constructed. After the war, the 3445: 2910:Acquario comunale "Diacinto Cestoni" 2731: 2347:issued in 1591 a decree encouraging 675:adding citations to reliable sources 646: 306:104.8 km (40.5 sq mi) 8250:. Comune di Livorno. Archived from 8160:Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane 8011:"Guida al primo giorno di servizio" 7676:Calabi, Donatella (30 March 2018). 6673:Critical Readings on Global Slavery 6038:View of the western part of Livorno 5899:(17th century), rabbi and Talmudist 5257:(born 1985), fencer, World Champion 5227:(1716–1802), fencing master, author 5044:Biblioteca Labronica F.D. Guerrazzi 4611: 4557: 4460: 4091: 3926:; in the right door is painted the 3525: 3478:. It is located on the site of the 3395:The new square was commonly called 3319: 3120: 3017: 2516: 1149:Biblioteca Labronica F.D. Guerrazzi 13: 7918:vasaribuontalenti-memo.blogspot.it 7778: 7172:"Il quartiere della Venezia Nuova" 6493: 6399: 5553:(1804–1873), writer and politician 5294:(1822–1900), rabbi and scholar of 5221:(1860–1931), Jewish opera baritone 4798:Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries 4656: 4587:Acquario comunale Diacinto Cestoni 4267:elevated Livorno to the status of 3977:church located at the crossing of 3841:Chiesa della Santissima Annunziata 3755: 2920:Acquario comunale Diacinto Cestoni 2792:Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei 2588: 2368: 1764: 823:In 1399, Pisa sold Livorna to the 14: 8942: 8380: 6912:. Mario Cardinali. Archived from 6639:Si veda in proposito G. Ciccone, 5489:(1878–1932), zoologist (genetics) 5203:(born 1963), retired rally driver 5089:are stored: 120,000 books, 1,500 4942:Liceo Classico "Niccolini Palli" 4711: 4696:, founded in 1996, is an amateur 4349:(Saint Peter fort) to defend the 4286: 4140:built a quadrangular Fort called 3959:: Baroque church located also in 3791:but in 1638 was dedicated to the 3731:Roman Catholic Diocese of Livorno 2479:It also assisted non-Greeks. The 1751:Church of Gregory the Illuminator 764:. Other ancient toponyms include 8400:Photographic map of Livorno city 7501:"Il Palazzo Comunale di Livorno" 6245: 6231: 6217: 6195: 6183: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6132: 6118: 6106: 6094: 6082: 6067: 6055: 6043: 6031: 6019: 5999: 5986: 5973: 5960: 5947: 5877:(1915–2015), Chief rabbi of Rome 4988:. The most famous professor was 4680:. Its matches are played at the 4500:was initiated in 1578 while the 4405:in 1575 the task to project the 3176:was provided in 1668, while the 3092: 2824:Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando 2714:Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando 2707:Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando 2316: 2299: 2282: 2265: 2248: 2231: 2214: 2197: 2180: 2163: 2146: 2129: 2112: 2095: 2078: 2061: 2044: 2027: 2010: 1993: 1976: 1243:was founded in Livorno in 1921. 958:, and instituted laws regarding 800:. In 1077, a tower was built by 748:. They are also known for their 651: 566: 526: 489: 144: 137: 114: 107: 87: 77: 62: 21:For the resort in Suriname, see 8305: 8266: 8240: 8215: 8190: 8169:(Registry of Italian Libraries) 8122: 8097: 8072: 8050: 8028: 8003: 7986:"Granducato.com – IL PENTAGONO" 7978: 7969: 7960: 7906: 7888: 7863: 7845: 7819: 7798: 7772: 7725: 7703: 7682:. Croma – Università Roma TRE. 7669: 7658: 7636: 7625: 7600: 7585:photolabronico, Pubblicato da. 7578: 7537: 7515: 7493: 7471: 7445: 7420: 7402: 7377: 7356: 7300: 7224: 7199: 7190: 7164: 7139: 7114: 7088: 7063: 7045: 7027: 7009: 6984: 6966: 6945: 6920: 6885: 6862: 6834: 6818: 6796: 6770: 6748: 6727: 6705: 6664: 6655: 6646: 6621: 6606:Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1836). 6599: 6586: 6560: 6546: 6487: 5670:(1802–1877), pedagogist, writer 5287:(born 2000), Italian footballer 4773:. Autolinee Toscane operates a 4693:Pallacanestro Don Bosco Livorno 3298:Medici Villa at Poggio a Caiano 2925:Livorno Aquarium, dedicated to 2450:Confraternita della SS. Trinità 920:was overlooked and defended by 908:design, for which it is called 705:For a chronological guide, see 662:needs additional citations for 145: 115: 8368:Livorno: Diversis Gentibus Una 7733:"Chiesa Santissima Annunziata" 7275: 6474: 6443: 6415: 6341: 6319: 6297: 6271:History of the Jews in Livorno 5808:(1884–1924), race car driver, 5686:(1837–1897), engineer, patriot 4877:Industrial Technical Institute 4637:Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo 4219:because there moored the main 4150:Francesco di Giovanni Giordani 3810:, has a painting representing 3065:located on the grounds of the 3058:Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo 3050:Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo 2975:Museo Ebraico "Yeshivà Marini" 2903: 2523:history of the Jews in Livorno 2430:and other destinations in the 924:and fortresses leading to the 896:, Livorno was designed as an " 737:settlement was called Labro. 608:, Livorno was designed as an " 1: 8036:"Servizi extraurbani Livorno" 7428:"Terrazza Mascagni – Livorno" 6928:"PortoLivorno2000 – Crociere" 6431:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 6377:Macdonald, A.M., ed. (1972). 6286: 4627:Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori 4579: 4340:to allow the construction of 4172:Antonio da Sangallo the Elder 3285:represented an insult to the 3184:where the fish was unloaded. 2952:Museo civico Giovanni Fattori 2941:Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori 2892: 1737: 1257:Köppen climate classification 1133:Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori 827:; in 1405 it was sold to the 8349:Storia Illustrata di Livorno 6953:"Eni, Raffineria di Livorno" 6641:Livorno: il mistero del nome 5636:(1813–1881), lawyer, patriot 5612:(born 1977), football player 5551:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi 5386:(born 1984), football player 5324:(?–1610), first Gonfaloniere 5209:(born 1945), cinematographer 5188:Category:People from Livorno 4976:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi 4858: 4314:(Saint Francis rampart) and 3697:, was built on a project by 2669:Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. 2601:passengers of the following 2437:The ethnic Greek community ( 475:on the western coast of the 7: 8931:Historic Jewish communities 8911:Cities and towns in Tuscany 6261:Azienda Trasporti Livornese 6210: 5648:(1863–1945), opera composer 5020:, who was teacher in 1945. 4968:Giovanni Battista Niccolini 3673:, in 1629, was elevated to 2570:Jewish community in Livorno 2528: 2323:Republic of North Macedonia 1686:Average precipitation days 1472:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1402:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1205:During the 1930s, numerous 855:Medicean period (1500–1650) 791: 620:, Livorno was an important 335:1,500/km (3,800/sq mi) 10: 8947: 8338: 8334: 6841:Harlaftis, Gelina (1996). 6556:(in Italian). p. 197. 6456:Collins English Dictionary 6410:Oxford Dictionaries Online 6393:Collins Concise Dictionary 6101:Monumento dei Quattro Mori 6012: 5931: 5928:Twin towns – sister cities 5863:Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti 5715:, USA, and founder of the 5185: 5027: 5023: 4863: 4723:Pisa International Airport 4716: 4277:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 4191:Cardinal Giulio De' Medici 3941:Other Religious Structures 3932:Adoration of the Shepherds 3296:and the four moors in the 3239:Monument of the Four Moors 3231:Monumento dei Quattro Mori 3220:Monumento dei quattro mori 2896: 2785:Leonardo Sistemi di Difesa 2583: 2337: 1729: 1282: 1272: 1246: 1184:Stabilimento termale Acque 720: 704: 642: 20: 8722: 8666: 8635: 8614: 8470: 8173: 8084:www.galileilivorno.gov.it 7699:– via Google Books. 7338:"Piazza della Repubblica" 7075:www.acquariodilivorno.com 6893:The Greece of Benefactors 6596:, Bergamo 1915, p. 15-24. 5659:(born 1976), rugby player 5237:Chaim Joseph David Azulai 5181: 4846: 4676:, currently plays in the 4544:Giovanni Battista Foggini 4456:Baluardo di San Francesco 4385:Pentagono del Buontalenti 4193:under the supervision of 4003:) in the first World War. 3630:Pentagono del Buontalenti 3373:Pentagono del Buontalenti 2899:List of mayors of Livorno 2780:depots by two pipelines. 2474:Greek War of Independence 2362:Giovanni Battista Foggini 2354:Armenian Apostolic Church 1951: 1782:— 1685: 1611: 1541: 1471: 1401: 1331: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283:Climate data for Livorno 1251:Livorno has a hot-summer 1044:European wars of religion 970:to people having to gain 911:Pentagono del Buontalenti 900:". In 1577 the architect 859:After the arrival of the 435: 427: 417: 407: 397: 376: 359: 339: 331: 323: 318: 310: 302: 297: 282: 277: 237: 224: 212: 202: 167: 101: 73: 61: 56: 43: 33: 8926:Coastal towns in Tuscany 8140:1916. pp. 475–477. 8058:"Servizi urbani Livorno" 6291: 5591:, English merchant, the 5134: 5070:Ferdinando II de' Medici 4895:, and in 1947 was added 4853:Livorno Centrale station 4728: 4663: 4529:Porticciolo dei Genovesi 4057:canal that runs between 3989:Santa Maria del Soccorso 3924:Athanasius of Alexandria 3789:Saints Cosmas and Damian 3765:Our Lady of Mount Carmel 3724:Bishop Giovanni Piccioni 3110:Ferdinando II de' Medici 2873: 740:The construction of the 471:) is a port city on the 28:Comune in Tuscany, Italy 8395:Port of Livorno website 8134:American Library Annual 7503:. Comune Notizie online 7481:. Comune Notizie online 6932:www.portolivorno2000.it 6910:"COS'È IL VERNACOLIERE" 6715:. Comune Notizie online 6713:"Il liberty di Livorno" 6113:Piazza della Repubblica 5923:International relations 5370:(1637–1718), naturalist 5263:(born 1969), footballer 5233:(1835–1876), naturalist 5231:Federigo Luigi Appelius 4784: 4496:(Pisan city gate). The 4336:, Claudio Cogorano and 4334:Don Giovanni de' Medici 4264:Ferdinando I de' Medici 4166:. The project to build 4059:Piazza della Repubblica 3947:Santa Caterina da Siena 3860:Gregory the Illuminator 3771:gave the church to the 3769:Ferdinando I de' Medici 3681:was substituted from a 3549:Ferdinando I de' Medici 3539:and the restored square 3480:Forte dei Cavalleggieri 3365:Piazza della Repubblica 3355:Piazza della Repubblica 3209:Santa Caterina da Siena 2445:Greek Orthodox religion 2358:Gregory the Illuminator 1241:Italian Communist Party 1119:became part of the new 1029:Santa Caterina, Livorno 8227:www.regione.toscana.it 8202:www.regione.toscana.it 7644:"Chiesa della Madonna" 6350:"Regions of the Realm" 5868:Giuseppe Maria Terreni 5711:(1823–1897), rabbi in 5448:Pio Alberto Del Corona 5431:, leading scholar and 5423:Vittorio Matteo Corcos 5161: 5145: 5046: 4893:electrical engineering 4851:The city is served by 4672:, a semi-professional 4647:Sanctuary of Montenero 4542:was built, on plan by 4437:Sanctuary of Montenero 4415:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 4399:Francesco I de' Medici 4395: 4300: 4281:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 4249:Francesco I de' Medici 4195:Nicolao da Pietrasanta 4186: 4105: 4033:Sanctuary of Montenero 3880:Order of Saint Stephen 3848:Most Holy Annunciation 3843: 3750: 3662: 3609: 3591:Religious architecture 3540: 3459: 3367: 3255:Order of Saint Stephen 3234: 3106: 3084: 3010: 2954: 2922: 2449: 2439: 1752: 1089: 1058:17th century and later 1031: 890:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 875:Order of Saint Stephen 717: 626:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 352: 346: 239: 46: 7852:Itinerari Scientifici 7278:"Monumento ai 4 mori" 7126:www.summerinitaly.com 7034:Itinerari scientifici 6756:"Cittadini stranieri" 6239:European Union portal 6205:liqueur from Livorno 6178:The Terrazza Mascagni 6141:Italian Naval Academy 5702:Moses Haim Montefiore 5600:(1858–1929), educator 5478:(1883–1965), literate 5456:(1798–1863), sculptor 5398:(1934–1980), musician 5328:Ranieri de' Calzabigi 5245:(1849–1920), engineer 5042: 4700:club, playing in the 4683:Stadio Armando Picchi 4566:Italian Naval Academy 4502:Baluardo Santa Giulia 4441:Baluardo Santa Giulia 4393: 4374:Immaculate Conception 4296: 4208:Alessandro de' Medici 4180: 4142:Quadratura dei Pisani 4101: 4087:Military architecture 4027:Saint Elizabeth Seton 3967:San Giovanni Battista 3864:Church of the Madonna 3839: 3793:Immaculate Conception 3749:Church of the Madonna 3748: 3741:Church of the Madonna 3707:Immaculate Conception 3699:Giovanni del Fantasia 3660: 3622:Mary, mother of Jesus 3603: 3574:on the north side of 3535: 3455: 3363: 3313:Acquedotto Leopoldino 3305:Acquedotto Leopoldino 3228: 3102: 3082: 3006: 2957:Dedicated to painter 2950:Moresque room in the 2949: 2918: 2855:. It is now owned by 2845:Whiteheads Moto Fides 2649:Norwegian Cruise Line 2619:Carnival Cruise Lines 2360:. The project was by 1756:Historical population 1750: 1273:Further information: 1253:mediterranean climate 1144:cultural institutions 1087: 1052:First Anglo-Dutch War 1027: 935:, declared Livorno a 810:Quadratura dei Pisani 715: 378: • Summer ( 314:3 m (10 ft) 187:43.55194°N 10.30833°E 7942:"architetto livorno" 7679:La città cosmopolita 7364:"La vecchia Livorno" 7344:on 23 September 2015 7101:www.originalitaly.it 7057:26 June 2015 at the 7039:26 June 2015 at the 7021:22 June 2015 at the 6978:22 June 2015 at the 6874:22 July 2011 at the 6661:Vaccari et al, p. 48 6652:Vaccari et al, p. 42 6627:Vaccari et al, p. 28 6496:"Livorno, 1680–1845" 5870:(1739–1811), painter 5837:Percy Bysshe Shelley 5796:Ottorino Quaglierini 5759:(1820–1896), patriot 5610:Alessandro Lucarelli 5606:(1879–1949), painter 5585:(1911–2002), painter 5512:(1920–1976), painter 5495:(1825–1908), painter 5425:(1859–1933), painter 5390:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 5340:(1875–1942), painter 5322:Bernardetto Borromei 5281:(1919–2003), painter 5269:(1866–1942), painter 5213:Massimiliano Allegri 5087:Biblioteca Labronica 5051:Biblioteca Labronica 5035:Biblioteca Labronica 5018:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 4632:Old English Cemetery 4550:in the proximity of 4498:Baluardo Sant’Andrea 4445:Baluardo Sant’Andrea 4403:Bernardo Buontalenti 4327:Bernardo Buontalenti 4170:was commissioned to 4069:Synagogue of Livorno 4007:Old English Cemetery 3916:Gregory of Nazianzus 3825:Madonna di Montenero 3634:Bernardo Buontalenti 3568:Palazzo della Dogana 3547:on 19 March 1606 by 3203:, the houses of the 2684:Viking Ocean Cruises 2639:Holland America Line 2615:Azamara Club Cruises 1743:Foreigner minorities 1332:Record high °C (°F) 1230:Synagogue of Livorno 902:Bernardo Buontalenti 833:Republic of Florence 671:improve this article 332: • Density 8550:Rosignano Marittimo 8500:Castagneto Carducci 8480:Campiglia Marittima 8464:Province of Livorno 8060:. Autolinee Toscane 8038:. Autolinee Toscane 7900:28 May 2015 at the 7857:24 May 2015 at the 7827:"Comune di Livorno" 7457:www.italianways.com 7414:8 July 2015 at the 7312:www.fotolivorno.net 7178:on 20 December 2016 6783:www.italiarmenia.it 6166:Livorno's synagogue 6154:The Goldoni Theatre 5903:Antonio Vinciguerra 5888:(1858–1923), artist 5730:(1869–1940), artist 5634:Vincenzo Malenchini 5616:Cristiano Lucarelli 5530:(1914–1975) actress 5518:(born 1936), artist 5450:(1837–1912), bishop 5438:Giovanni de Gamerra 5407:Gian Galeazzo Ciano 5251:(1888–1961), fencer 5062:Accademia Labronica 4985:Istituto magistrale 4931:Province of Livorno 4449:Fabbrica di Livorno 4364:quarters wanted by 4238:Cosimo I de' Medici 4146:Puccio di Landuccio 4025:and the husband of 3985:in central Livorno. 3854:, not far from the 3812:John the Evangelist 3557:Via del Porticciolo 3484:Cosimo I de' Medici 3411:Italian unification 3347:Cisternino di città 3340:Cisternino di città 3154:Chiesa di Sant'Anna 3136:(district), called 2819:Armstrong Whitworth 2772:, is linked to the 2468:, Epirus, Chios or 1963: 1757: 1542:Record low °C (°F) 1275:2017 Livorno floods 1200:Elizabeth Ann Seton 1113:wars of unification 1036:Counter-Reformation 987:Mediterranean Basin 964:freedom of religion 960:international trade 931:In the late 1580s, 886:Italian Renaissance 707:Timeline of Livorno 616:by the will of the 481:Province of Livorno 183: / 128:Show map of Tuscany 8413:Livorno Video Tour 8365:Villani, Stefano, 8273:it:Piero Barontini 8105:"Storia del Liceo" 7990:www.granducato.com 7459:. 13 December 2013 6089:The Boccale Castle 5801:Giulia Quintavalle 5786:Enrico Pollastrini 5504:Giorgio Fontanelli 5443:Serafino De Tivoli 5413:Arduíno Colassanti 5338:Leonetto Cappiello 5275:(1914–1998), rower 5267:Giovanni Bartolena 5197:(born 1980), rower 5047: 4753:, is performed by 4521:Alessandro Pieroni 4396: 4338:Alessandro Pieroni 4301: 4187: 4120:Matilda of Tuscany 4106: 4037:Our Lady of Graces 3894:with a triangular 3884:Alessandro Pieroni 3856:Armenian community 3846:The Church of the 3844: 3820:Andrew the Apostle 3777:Alessandro Pieroni 3751: 3687:archbishop of Pisa 3663: 3638:Alessandro Pieroni 3616:, is dedicated to 3610: 3572:Palazzo Granducale 3541: 3468:Tuscan Archipelago 3460: 3368: 3235: 3107: 3088:Civil architecture 3085: 3075:Points of interest 3039:Theatre. Also the 3011: 2955: 2923: 2864:Financial district 2833:Società Moto Fides 2776:(Oil dock) and to 2664:Pullmantur Cruises 2334:Armenian community 2204:Dominican Republic 1961: 1755: 1753: 1237:left-wing politics 1154:Neoclassical style 1102:Congress of Vienna 1098:Continental System 1090: 1032: 802:Matilda of Tuscany 718: 460:[liˈvorno] 324: • Total 303: • Total 283: • Mayor 192:43.55194; 10.30833 16:Port city in Italy 8898: 8897: 8573: 8572: 8387:Municipal website 8254:on 5 January 2013 8015:Autolinee Toscane 7282:www.toscanago.com 6854:978-0-415-00018-5 6686:978-90-04-34654-3 6494:Grenet, Mathieu. 6329:. Marina Militare 6266:Battle of Leghorn 5842:Hezekiah da Silva 5763:Adriano Novi Lena 5690:Amedeo Modigliani 5657:Matteo Mazzantini 5510:Voltolino Fontani 5482:Federigo Enriques 5467:, football player 5454:Paolo Emilio Demi 5384:Giorgio Chiellini 5356:Fortunato Cassone 5352:(1912–1990), poet 5344:Federico Caprilli 5317:Giotto Bizzarrini 5301:Malachi ben Jacob 5292:Elijah Benamozegh 5285:Leonardo Bellandi 5121:Bagno dei forzati 5109:, manuscripts by 5074:Villa Fabbricotti 5066:Villa Fabbricotti 5030:Villa Fabbricotti 5010:Amedeo Modigliani 5006:Guglielmo Marconi 4755:Autolinee Toscane 4704:as of April 2017. 4670:U.S. Livorno 1915 4652:Terrazza Mascagni 4602:Fanale dei Pisani 4504:started in 1582. 4433:Decumanus Maximus 4223:, to the east is 4181:Matilda keep and 4079:Elijah Benamozegh 3928:Nativity of Jesus 3912:Basil of Caesarea 3852:Via della Madonna 3808:Republic of Genoa 3675:collegiate church 3618:Francis of Assisi 3518:was dedicated to 3464:Terrazza Mascagni 3457:Terrazza Mascagni 3447:Terrazza Mascagni 3402:until 1850, then 3388:with an imposing 3294:Pisa Charterhouse 3233:recently restored 3170:Navicelli channel 3042:Terrazza Mascagni 2932:Terrazza Mascagni 2806:, in that period 2732:Eni petrochemical 2674:Silversea Cruises 2624:Celebrity Cruises 2593:The city and its 2415:Mediterranean Sea 2379:Cosimo de' Medici 2331: 2330: 1959: 1958: 1734: 1733: 1268:Mediterranean Sea 1191:Scuole elementari 1179:delle Vettovaglie 1111:succeeded in its 1048:Battle of Leghorn 1019:Francis of Assisi 829:Republic of Genoa 825:Visconti of Milan 818:Battle of Meloria 703: 702: 695: 449: 448: 409:Dialing code 158:Show map of Italy 57:Comune di Livorno 23:Livorno, Suriname 8938: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8577: 8576: 8447: 8440: 8433: 8424: 8423: 8404: 8391: 8362: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8281: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8219: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8178: 8177: 8168: 8151: 8145: 8144: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7982: 7976: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7944:. Archived from 7938: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7910: 7904: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7867: 7861: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7829:. Archived from 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7755: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7673: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7640: 7634: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7582: 7576: 7571: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7549:travelitalia.com 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7519: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7432:travelitalia.com 7424: 7418: 7409:Toscana in Tasca 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7334: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7288:on 31 March 2018 7284:. Archived from 7273: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7246:"I Quattro Mori" 7242: 7231: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7203: 7197: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7067: 7061: 7049: 7043: 7031: 7025: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6988: 6982: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6916:on 10 June 2011. 6906: 6900: 6889: 6883: 6866: 6860: 6858: 6838: 6832: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6668: 6662: 6659: 6653: 6650: 6644: 6637: 6628: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6603: 6597: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6525: 6500: 6499: 6491: 6485: 6482:breed of chicken 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6419: 6413: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6301: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6241: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6199: 6187: 6175: 6163: 6151: 6136: 6122: 6110: 6098: 6086: 6071: 6059: 6047: 6035: 6023: 6004: 6003: 5991: 5990: 5978: 5977: 5965: 5964: 5952: 5951: 5915:Filippo Volandri 5827:Giovanni Schmidt 5719:in New York City 5640:Giovanni Marradi 5598:Augusto Liverani 5583:Gio Batta Lepori 5573:Aurelio Lampredi 5557:Marzio Innocenti 5534:Filippo Gragnani 5493:Giovanni Fattori 5379:Pierluigi Chicca 5368:Diacinto Cestoni 5333:Giuseppe Cambini 5243:Angiolo Badaloni 5164: 5150: 5107:Giacomo Leopardi 5059: 4990:Giovanni Pascoli 4958:Terenzio Mamiani 4767: 4761: 4607:Fortezza Vecchia 4559:Accademia Navale 4424:Fortezza Vecchia 4411:Fortezza Vecchia 4347:Forte San Pietro 4273:Fortezza Vecchia 4203:Fortezza Vecchia 4168:Fortezza Vecchia 4138:Republic of Pisa 4111:Fortezza Vecchia 4103:Fortezza Vecchia 4093:Fortezza Vecchia 3979:Via San Giovanni 3892:Giovanni Baratta 3816:Anthony of Padua 3703:Giovanni Baratta 3661:Cathedral's nave 3626:Julia of Corsica 3614:Duomo di Livorno 3537:Palazzo Comunale 3527:Palazzo Comunale 3512:Livorno Aquarium 3328:La Gran Conserva 3321:La Gran Conserva 3241:is dedicated to 3147: 3115:Fortezza Vecchia 3063:botanical garden 3026:Museo Mascagnano 3019:Museo Mascagnano 2959:Giovanni Fattori 2927:Diacinto Cestoni 2800:Robert Whitehead 2659:Princess Cruises 2517:Jewish community 2511:Kingdom of Italy 2508: 2493: 2463: 2452: 2442: 2321: 2320: 2304: 2303: 2287: 2286: 2270: 2269: 2253: 2252: 2236: 2235: 2219: 2218: 2202: 2201: 2185: 2184: 2168: 2167: 2151: 2150: 2134: 2133: 2117: 2116: 2100: 2099: 2083: 2082: 2066: 2065: 2049: 2048: 2032: 2031: 2015: 2014: 1998: 1997: 1981: 1980: 1967:Country of birth 1964: 1960: 1771: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1280: 1279: 1121:Kingdom of Italy 1015:Fortezza Vecchia 989:. Many European 866:Fortezza Vecchia 849:Fortezza Vecchia 806:Republic of Pisa 698: 691: 687: 684: 678: 655: 647: 597: 592: 591: 588: 587: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 560: 555: 554: 551: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 521: 515: 514: 511: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 470: 469: 468: 462: 457: 445: 444: 442:Official website 422:Julia of Corsica 383: 355: 349: 244: 198: 197: 195: 194: 193: 188: 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 159: 148: 147: 141: 129: 118: 117: 111: 91: 81: 66: 51: 31: 30: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8901: 8900: 8899: 8894: 8840:Reggio Calabria 8718: 8662: 8631: 8610: 8607:Cities in Italy 8604: 8574: 8569: 8525:Marciana Marina 8485:Campo nell'Elba 8466: 8451: 8402: 8389: 8383: 8359: 8343: 8337: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8296: 8294: 8283: 8282: 8278: 8271: 8267: 8257: 8255: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8196: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8162: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8138:R.R. Bowker Co. 8128: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8111: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8041: 8039: 8034: 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8009: 8008: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7902:Wayback Machine 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7859:Wayback Machine 7850: 7846: 7836: 7834: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7785:www.webalice.it 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7713:. 24 April 2013 7709: 7708: 7704: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7659: 7649: 7647: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7630: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7572: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7528: 7526: 7523:"The Town Hall" 7521: 7520: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7462: 7460: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7416:Wayback Machine 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7389:www.treccani.it 7383: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7336: 7335: 7326: 7316: 7314: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7291: 7289: 7274: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7252:on 26 July 2015 7244: 7243: 7234: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7211:www.treccani.it 7205: 7204: 7200: 7195: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7095:OriginalITALY. 7093: 7089: 7079: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7059:Wayback Machine 7052:Cultura Toscana 7050: 7046: 7041:Wayback Machine 7032: 7028: 7023:Wayback Machine 7014: 7010: 7000: 6998: 6996:www.instoria.it 6990: 6989: 6985: 6980:Wayback Machine 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6890: 6886: 6880:Representations 6876:Wayback Machine 6867: 6863: 6855: 6839: 6835: 6831:, 22 March 1997 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6806:. 24 April 2013 6802: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6777:Administrator. 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6698: 6694: 6687: 6679:. p. 872. 6669: 6665: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6647: 6638: 6631: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6604: 6600: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6533:www.treccani.it 6527: 6526: 6503: 6492: 6488: 6479: 6475: 6465: 6463: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6434: 6432: 6420: 6416: 6404: 6400: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6281:Port of Livorno 6251: 6246: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6206: 6200: 6191: 6188: 6179: 6176: 6167: 6164: 6155: 6152: 6143: 6137: 6128: 6123: 6114: 6111: 6102: 6099: 6090: 6087: 6078: 6072: 6063: 6060: 6051: 6048: 6039: 6036: 6027: 6024: 6015: 5998: 5985: 5972: 5959: 5946: 5936: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5917:, tennis player 5886:Angiolo Tommasi 5881:Ilaria Tocchini 5847:Mauro Simonetti 5821:Eugenio Sansoni 5775:Giorgio Pellini 5757:Alessandro Neri 5752:Grppo Labronico 5674:Umberto Melnati 5652:Davide Matteini 5646:Pietro Mascagni 5563:Abraham Khalfon 5516:Alberto Fremura 5465:Marco Di Viesti 5429:Moses Cordovero 5418:Antonio Corazzi 5374:Mario Checcacci 5350:Giorgio Caproni 5279:Piero Barontini 5225:Domenico Angelo 5195:Luca Agamennoni 5190: 5184: 5175:Il Vernacoliere 5169:Il Vernacoliere 5137: 5103:Galileo Galilei 5053: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5002:Pietro Mascagni 4945: 4927: 4913:nuclear physics 4881:Galileo Galilei 4873: 4866: 4861: 4849: 4791:Port of Livorno 4787: 4765: 4759: 4751:Regione Toscana 4731: 4719: 4714: 4666: 4661: 4582: 4562: 4489:Vecchia Darsena 4388: 4291: 4259:Vecchia Darsena 4244:Vecchia Darsena 4199:Medici in exile 4096: 4089: 4011:Tobias Smollett 3943: 3937: 3920:John Chrysostom 3868:Greek community 3834: 3761:John of Nepomuk 3743: 3691:Christian cross 3651:Jacopo Chimenti 3647:Domenico Cresti 3598: 3593: 3530: 3520:Pietro Mascagni 3476:Port of Livorno 3450: 3358: 3343: 3324: 3308: 3259:Barbary pirates 3223: 3182:Scali del Pesce 3178:Pescheria Nuova 3156:, dedicated to 3141: 3097: 3090: 3077: 3053: 3033:Pietro Mascagni 3022: 3001: 2978: 2944: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2878: 2867: 2857:Leonardo S.p.A. 2808:Austria-Hungary 2788: 2774:Darsena petroli 2740:plant produces 2734: 2710: 2688: 2679:Thomson Cruises 2654:P&O Cruises 2591: 2589:Port of Livorno 2586: 2551:Il Vernacoliere 2531: 2519: 2502: 2498:, Rodocanachi, 2487: 2457: 2419:Napoleonic Wars 2371: 2369:Greek community 2342: 2340:Sceriman family 2336: 2315: 2298: 2281: 2264: 2247: 2230: 2213: 2196: 2179: 2162: 2145: 2128: 2111: 2094: 2077: 2060: 2043: 2026: 2009: 1992: 1975: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1277: 1249: 1172:Palazzo Corallo 1060: 980:Alhambra Decree 952:Leggi Livornine 894:House of Medici 857: 794: 723: 710: 699: 688: 682: 679: 668: 656: 645: 618:House of Medici 595: 569: 565: 558: 529: 525: 519: 492: 488: 464: 463: 455: 440: 439: 403: 377: 350: 273: 265:Valle Benedetta 252: 251: 191: 189: 185: 182: 177: 174: 172: 170: 169: 163: 162: 161: 160: 157: 156: 155: 154: 153: 149: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 123: 119: 97: 96: 95: 94: 85: 84: 69: 68:View of Livorno 52: 39: 36: 29: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8944: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8670: 8668: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8639: 8637: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8603: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8580: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8450: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8397: 8392: 8382: 8381:External links 8379: 8378: 8377: 8363: 8357: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8304: 8293:. 14 June 2016 8276: 8265: 8239: 8214: 8189: 8171:(in Italian). 8146: 8121: 8096: 8071: 8049: 8027: 8002: 7977: 7968: 7959: 7948:on 28 May 2015 7930: 7905: 7887: 7875:www.geoplan.it 7862: 7844: 7833:on 24 May 2015 7818: 7797: 7779:Papini, Luca. 7771: 7745: 7724: 7702: 7688: 7668: 7657: 7635: 7624: 7612:www.geoplan.it 7599: 7577: 7561: 7536: 7514: 7492: 7470: 7444: 7419: 7401: 7376: 7355: 7324: 7299: 7263: 7232: 7223: 7198: 7189: 7163: 7138: 7113: 7087: 7062: 7044: 7026: 7008: 6983: 6965: 6944: 6919: 6901: 6884: 6861: 6853: 6833: 6817: 6795: 6769: 6747: 6726: 6704: 6702:, p. 873. 6692: 6685: 6663: 6654: 6645: 6629: 6620: 6598: 6585: 6559: 6545: 6501: 6486: 6473: 6442: 6414: 6398: 6384: 6369: 6362: 6340: 6318: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6242: 6228: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6146: 6144: 6138: 6131: 6129: 6124: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6081: 6079: 6073: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 5996: 5983: 5970: 5957: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5889: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5816:Rolando Rigoli 5813: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5780:Armando Picchi 5777: 5772: 5769:Angeliki Palli 5766: 5760: 5754: 5745: 5736: 5731: 5728:Alfredo Muller 5725: 5720: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5629:Mario Magnozzi 5626: 5613: 5607: 5604:Llewelyn Lloyd 5601: 5595: 5593:Levant Company 5589:Francis Levett 5586: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5522:Angelo Froglia 5519: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5487:Paolo Enriques 5484: 5479: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460:Manlio Di Rosa 5457: 5451: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5426: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402:Costanzo Ciano 5399: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5365: 5362:David Castelli 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5273:Enzo Bartolini 5270: 5264: 5258: 5255:Andrea Baldini 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5191: 5183: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5151:is a regional 5142: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5036: 5033: 5025: 5022: 4950:Liceo Classico 4944: 4939: 4926: 4921: 4885:Gentile Reform 4872: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4834: 4821: 4811:Grimaldi Lines 4808: 4786: 4783: 4730: 4727: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4712:Infrastructure 4710: 4706: 4705: 4688: 4687: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4612:Fortezza Nuova 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4561: 4556: 4548:Via Ferdinanda 4509:Via Ferdinanda 4473:Via Ferdinanda 4461:Fortezza Nuova 4387: 4382: 4370:Fortezza Nuova 4342:Fortezza Nuova 4305:Fortezza Nuova 4303:The origin of 4298:Fortezza Nuova 4290: 4288:Fortezza Nuova 4285: 4108:The origin of 4095: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4066: 4048: 4030: 4015:Francis Horner 4004: 3986: 3964: 3957:San Ferdinando 3954: 3942: 3939: 3872:Byzantine Rite 3833: 3830: 3742: 3739: 3711:Luigi Ademollo 3643:Jacopo Ligozzi 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3529: 3524: 3492:Costanzo Ciano 3449: 3444: 3357: 3352: 3342: 3337: 3323: 3318: 3307: 3302: 3247:Carrara marble 3222: 3217: 3213:San Ferdinando 3207:, churches as 3121:Fortezza Nuova 3096: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3052: 3047: 3021: 3016: 3000: 2995: 2977: 2972: 2963:Villa Mimbelli 2943: 2938: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2894: 2891: 2877: 2872: 2866: 2861: 2829:Treaty of Rome 2787: 2782: 2733: 2730: 2709: 2704: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2629:Costa Crociere 2626: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2560: 2559: 2540:Tuscan dialect 2536: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2518: 2515: 2432:Ottoman Empire 2370: 2367: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2006: 2005: 2002: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1957: 1956: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1248: 1245: 1164:Teatro Goldoni 1152:and others in 1079:Levant Company 1064:urban planning 1059: 1056: 1001:, and others. 856: 853: 839:name Ligorna. 793: 790: 768:(Salvius) and 722: 719: 701: 700: 659: 657: 650: 644: 641: 447: 446: 437: 433: 432: 429: 425: 424: 419: 415: 414: 411: 405: 404: 401: 399: 395: 394: 384: 374: 373: 363: 357: 356: 343: 337: 336: 333: 329: 328: 325: 321: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 295: 294: 284: 280: 279: 275: 274: 272: 271: 255:Castellaccio, 249: 248: 247: 245: 235: 234: 228: 222: 221: 216: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 165: 164: 151: 150: 143: 142: 136: 135: 134: 133: 121: 120: 113: 112: 106: 105: 104: 103: 102: 99: 98: 92: 86: 82: 76: 75: 74: 71: 70: 67: 59: 58: 54: 53: 44: 41: 40: 37: 34: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8943: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845:Reggio Emilia 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8609:by population 8608: 8601: 8596: 8594: 8589: 8587: 8582: 8581: 8578: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8535:Porto Azzurro 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8510:Collesalvetti 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8495:Capraia Isola 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8441: 8436: 8434: 8429: 8428: 8425: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8375: 8371: 8369: 8364: 8360: 8358:88-7781-713-5 8354: 8350: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8318: 8314: 8308: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8269: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8228: 8224: 8218: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8176: 8170: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8150: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8125: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8059: 8053: 8037: 8031: 8016: 8012: 8006: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7972: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7935: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7899: 7896: 7891: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7848: 7832: 7828: 7822: 7807: 7806:"La Fortezza" 7801: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7760: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7734: 7728: 7712: 7706: 7691: 7689:9788883680175 7685: 7681: 7680: 7672: 7666: 7661: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7628: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7588: 7581: 7575: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7550: 7546: 7540: 7524: 7518: 7502: 7496: 7480: 7474: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7417: 7413: 7410: 7405: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7365: 7359: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7276:Go, Toscana. 7272: 7270: 7268: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7227: 7212: 7208: 7202: 7193: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7030: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7012: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6969: 6954: 6948: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6865: 6856: 6850: 6847:. Routledge. 6846: 6845: 6837: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6805: 6799: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6757: 6751: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6708: 6701: 6696: 6688: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6658: 6649: 6642: 6636: 6634: 6624: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6573: 6572:Tuttitalia.it 6569: 6563: 6555: 6549: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6490: 6483: 6477: 6462: 6461:HarperCollins 6458: 6457: 6452: 6446: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6394: 6388: 6380: 6373: 6365: 6363:9780470646380 6359: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6276:Livorno Hills 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6253:Cities portal 6243: 6240: 6229: 6226: 6215: 6204: 6198: 6193: 6186: 6181: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6157: 6150: 6145: 6142: 6135: 6130: 6127: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6104: 6097: 6092: 6085: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6022: 6017: 6016: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5935: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5858:Athos Tanzini 5856: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5791:Oreste Puliti 5789: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5748:Renato Natali 5746: 5744: 5743:1920 Olympics 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5723:Fabrizio Mori 5721: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5709:Sabato Morais 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5679:Guido Menasci 5677: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565:(1741–1819), 5564: 5561: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5546:Oreste Grossi 5544: 5541: 5540:Gino Graziani 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5499:Bruno Filippi 5497: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5261:David Balleri 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5207:Romano Albani 5205: 5202: 5201:Andrea Aghini 5199: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4951: 4943: 4938: 4936: 4935:Merchant navy 4932: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4856: 4854: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4674:football club 4671: 4668: 4667: 4658: 4657:Venezia Nuova 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Porto Mediceo 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4525:Piazza d’Arme 4522: 4518: 4517:Piazza Grande 4514: 4513:Piazza d’Arme 4510: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4366:Ferdinando II 4363: 4359: 4358:Venezia Nuova 4354: 4352: 4351:Venezia Nuova 4348: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4318:Santa Barbara 4313: 4312: 4311:San Francesco 4306: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4254:Porto Mediceo 4250: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4231:derived from 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4164:Tuscan florin 4161: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4081: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4063:Piazza Cavour 4060: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3961:Venezia Nuova 3958: 3955: 3952: 3951:Venezia Nuova 3948: 3945: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3785:Saint Francis 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3756:Venezia Nuova 3747: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3606:Piazza Grande 3602: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3576:Piazza d’Arme 3573: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3506:. In 1932, a 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3433: 3429: 3428:Ferdinand III 3425: 3424: 3421:Piazza della 3418: 3417: 3416:Carlo Alberto 3413:was named to 3412: 3408: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3356: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3333:Il Cisternone 3330: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197:Venezia Nuova 3193: 3190: 3189:Venezia Nuova 3187:In the 1700s 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3174:Venezia Nuova 3171: 3167: 3166:Piazza d’Arme 3161: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3139:Venezia Nuova 3135: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3127:Porto Mediceo 3123: 3122: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3105: 3104:Venezia Nuova 3101: 3095: 3094:Venezia Nuova 3081: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2871: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2546: 2542:, known as a 2541: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2496:Maurogordatos 2491: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2326: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1749: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1614:precipitation 1610: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1211:Liberty style 1208: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1168:Liberty style 1165: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 995:Martin Luther 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 918: 917:Porto Mediceo 913: 912: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 880: 876: 871: 868: 867: 862: 852: 850: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 756:, adopted by 755: 751: 747: 743: 738: 736: 732: 731:Livorno Hills 728: 714: 708: 697: 694: 686: 683:February 2021 676: 672: 666: 665: 660:This section 658: 654: 649: 648: 640: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 600: 599: 590: 563: 562: 553: 523: 522: 513: 486: 482: 478: 474: 467: 461: 453: 443: 438: 434: 430: 426: 423: 420: 416: 412: 410: 406: 400: 396: 392: 388: 385: 381: 375: 371: 367: 364: 362: 358: 354: 348: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 292: 288: 287:Luca Salvetti 285: 281: 276: 270: 266: 262: 259:, Limoncino, 258: 254: 253: 246: 243: 242: 236: 232: 229: 227: 223: 220: 217: 215: 211: 208: 205: 201: 196: 168:Coordinates: 166: 140: 110: 100: 90: 80: 72: 65: 60: 55: 50: 49: 42: 32: 24: 19: 8789: 8555:San Vincenzo 8540:Portoferraio 8514: 8457: 8403:(in English) 8390:(in Italian) 8373: 8366: 8348: 8321:. Retrieved 8317:pressmare.it 8316: 8307: 8295:. Retrieved 8288: 8279: 8268: 8256:. Retrieved 8252:the original 8242: 8230:. Retrieved 8226: 8217: 8205:. Retrieved 8201: 8192: 8180:. Retrieved 8158: 8149: 8141: 8136:. New York: 8133: 8124: 8112:. Retrieved 8108: 8099: 8087:. Retrieved 8083: 8074: 8062:. Retrieved 8052: 8040:. Retrieved 8030: 8018:. Retrieved 8014: 8005: 7993:. Retrieved 7989: 7980: 7971: 7962: 7950:. Retrieved 7946:the original 7921:. Retrieved 7917: 7908: 7890: 7878:. Retrieved 7874: 7865: 7847: 7835:. Retrieved 7831:the original 7821: 7809:. Retrieved 7800: 7788:. Retrieved 7784: 7774: 7762:. Retrieved 7736:. Retrieved 7727: 7715:. Retrieved 7705: 7693:. Retrieved 7678: 7671: 7660: 7648:. Retrieved 7638: 7627: 7615:. Retrieved 7611: 7602: 7590:. Retrieved 7580: 7574:Livornoyoung 7552:. Retrieved 7548: 7539: 7527:. Retrieved 7517: 7505:. Retrieved 7495: 7483:. Retrieved 7473: 7461:. Retrieved 7456: 7447: 7435:. Retrieved 7431: 7422: 7404: 7392:. Retrieved 7388: 7379: 7367:. Retrieved 7358: 7346:. Retrieved 7342:the original 7315:. Retrieved 7311: 7302: 7290:. Retrieved 7286:the original 7281: 7254:. Retrieved 7250:the original 7226: 7214:. Retrieved 7210: 7201: 7192: 7180:. Retrieved 7176:the original 7166: 7154:. Retrieved 7150: 7141: 7129:. Retrieved 7125: 7116: 7104:. Retrieved 7100: 7090: 7078:. Retrieved 7074: 7065: 7047: 7029: 7016:WASS History 7011: 6999:. Retrieved 6995: 6986: 6973:WASS Company 6968: 6956:. Retrieved 6947: 6935:. Retrieved 6931: 6922: 6914:the original 6904: 6896: 6892: 6887: 6879: 6864: 6843: 6836: 6828: 6820: 6808:. Retrieved 6798: 6786:. Retrieved 6782: 6772: 6760:. Retrieved 6758:. Demo Istat 6750: 6738:. Retrieved 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6707: 6695: 6672: 6666: 6657: 6648: 6640: 6623: 6611:. Retrieved 6601: 6593: 6588: 6576:. Retrieved 6574:(in Italian) 6571: 6562: 6553: 6548: 6536:. Retrieved 6532: 6489: 6476: 6464:. Retrieved 6454: 6445: 6433:. Retrieved 6426: 6417: 6401: 6392: 6387: 6378: 6372: 6353: 6343: 6331:. Retrieved 6327:"Mar Ligure" 6321: 6309:. Retrieved 6299: 6225:Italy portal 6062:New Fortress 6050:Old Fortress 5993:Novorossiysk 5937: 5897:Samuel Uziel 5832:Dante Secchi 5713:Philadelphia 5696:Aldo Montano 5668:Enrico Mayer 5663:Luca Mazzoni 5476:Giulio Dolci 5396:Piero Ciampi 5311:Lidia Biondi 5219:Mario Ancona 5173: 5172: 5143: 5120: 5116:Encyclopédie 5114: 5086: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5048: 5043: 5014:Giosuè Borsi 4983: 4979: 4961: 4948: 4946: 4941: 4928: 4923: 4874: 4869: 4850: 4802:Golfo Aranci 4788: 4764: 4758: 4732: 4720: 4707: 4702:Serie C Gold 4691: 4681: 4574:Italian Navy 4563: 4558: 4552:Porta Pisana 4551: 4547: 4537:Palazzo del 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4494:Porta Pisana 4493: 4487: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4459: 4455: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4422: 4410: 4397: 4384: 4378: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4331: 4315: 4308: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4287: 4272: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4242: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4206: 4202: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4167: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4123: 4116:Porto Pisano 4115: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4092: 4076: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4000: 3996: 3993:Neoclassical 3982: 3978: 3960: 3950: 3936: 3851: 3845: 3840: 3823: 3797: 3759:through the 3754: 3752: 3735:Fra Angelico 3728: 3682: 3678: 3664: 3611: 3605: 3587:Furio Diaz. 3575: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3553:Gonfaloniere 3551:, the first 3542: 3536: 3526: 3515: 3500:checkerboard 3495: 3479: 3463: 3461: 3456: 3446: 3439:XX Settembre 3436: 3420: 3414: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3382:Porta a Pisa 3381: 3377: 3371: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3291: 3270:Pietro Tacca 3267: 3251:Grand master 3236: 3230: 3219: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3093: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3040: 3025: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3007: 2997: 2990: 2979: 2974: 2962: 2956: 2951: 2930: 2924: 2919: 2909: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2868: 2863: 2853:Finmeccanica 2844: 2840: 2839:forming the 2836: 2832: 2822: 2811: 2791: 2789: 2784: 2773: 2762:Standard Oil 2735: 2711: 2706: 2689: 2611:AIDA Cruises 2592: 2563: 2561: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2520: 2485:Enrico Mayer 2478: 2436: 2424: 2402: 2396: 2372: 2343: 1616:mm (inches) 1259: 1250: 1234: 1218:World War II 1215: 1204: 1197: 1189: 1186:della Salute 1182: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1157: 1147: 1137: 1131: 1128:public parks 1125: 1106: 1091: 1076: 1061: 1033: 1014: 984: 956:racketeering 951: 949: 941:porto franco 940: 930: 915: 909: 883: 872: 864: 858: 845: 840: 822: 814:Porto Pisano 813: 809: 795: 778:Porto Pisano 773: 769: 765: 739: 724: 689: 680: 669:Please help 664:verification 661: 630: 614:16th century 603: 487:(pronounced 484: 473:Ligurian Sea 451: 450: 418:Patron saint 261:Quercianella 93:Coat of arms 18: 8163: [ 7895:babilonia61 7759:"Livornina" 6882:, pp. 23–46 6578:10 November 6381:. Chambers. 6190:Grattacielo 6026:Fosso Reale 5967:Guadalajara 5938:Livorno is 5909:Paolo Virzì 5892:Dino Urbani 5852:Mauro Sordi 5806:Dario Resta 5684:Carlo Meyer 5471:Dino Diluca 5249:Baldo Baldi 5111:Ugo Foscolo 5091:manuscripts 5054: [ 4992:who taught 4972:Ugo Foscolo 4917:informatics 4905:electronics 4617:Fosso Reale 4533:Tre Palazzi 4419:Renaissance 4055:Fosso Reale 3997:Via Magenta 3983:Via Carraia 3908:Iconostasis 3900:Doric order 3804:Saint Louis 3800:groin vault 3404:Piazza dei 3397:Piazza del 3386:Fosso Reale 3378:Fosso Reale 3142: [ 2987:sefer Torah 2904:Main sights 2802:in 1875 in 2790:The former 2746:diesel fuel 2728:, in 2003. 2726:Fincantieri 2644:MSC Cruises 2634:Cunard Line 2603:cruise line 2599:cruise-ship 2503: [ 2488: [ 2481:Rodocanachi 2466:Peloponnese 2458: [ 2102:Philippines 1970:Population 1264:subtropical 1092:During the 999:John Calvin 926:town centre 884:During the 879:slave trade 742:Via Aurelia 606:Renaissance 604:During the 398:Postal code 190: / 8905:Categories 8615:1,000,000+ 8490:Capoliveri 8339:See also: 8323:7 December 8290:Il Tirreno 8182:28 January 8064:1 November 8042:1 November 6700:Davis 2018 6675:. Leiden: 6287:References 6077:of Livorno 5932:See also: 5875:Elio Toaff 5578:Dario Lari 5186:See also: 5162:Il Tirreno 5147:Il Tirreno 5140:Il Tirreno 5099:autographs 5095:incunables 4937:Officers. 4824:Moby Lines 4698:basketball 4597:Cisternone 4580:Main sight 4484:Colonnella 4477:Via Grande 4407:ideal town 4233:Cavaniglia 4229:Canaviglia 4225:Ampolletta 4183:Canaviglia 4134:Gambacorti 4127:di Matilde 3858:Church of 3781:Saint Mary 3773:Franciscan 3502:and 4,100 3474:, and the 3432:Leopold II 3423:Repubblica 3158:Saint Anne 2897:See also: 2893:Government 2849:Fiat Group 2837:Moto Fides 2754:lubricants 2453:) and the 2428:Alexandria 2403:port franc 2392:Cappadocia 2373:The first 2338:See also: 2119:Bangladesh 1738:Population 1159:Cisternone 1017:Chapel of 991:foreigners 906:pentagonal 898:Ideal town 820:in 1284. 762:Liburnians 758:Roman navy 610:ideal town 341:Demonym(s) 319:Population 278:Government 178:10°18′30″E 175:43°33′07″N 8780:Giugliano 6897:Hemeresia 6735:"Enea.it" 6592:P. Vigo, 6451:"Leghorn" 6423:"Livorno" 6406:"Leghorn" 6311:19 August 5982:, Vietnam 5739:Nedo Nadi 5734:Aldo Nadi 5528:Vivi Gioi 5433:Kabbalist 5313:, actress 5306:Bino Bini 5153:newspaper 4982:with the 4953:Niccolini 4897:chemistry 4889:mechanics 4879:named to 4859:Education 4815:Barcelona 4779:Sanctuary 4775:funicular 4766:LAM Rossa 4570:mixed-sex 4539:Picchetto 4362:San Marco 4353:quarter. 4316:Baluardo 4309:Baluardo 3975:Mannerist 3953:district. 3720:transepts 3715:cathedral 3695:Eucharist 3667:Monsignor 3504:balusters 3442:in 1957. 3406:Granduchi 3265:in 1601. 2983:Torah ark 2796:torpedoes 2545:vernacolo 2534:Vernacolo 2411:Black Sea 2399:free port 2349:Armenians 1730:Source: 1226:cathedral 1107:In 1861, 945:duty-free 937:free port 770:Antignano 760:from the 727:Neolithic 622:free port 428:Saint day 361:Time zone 353:Labronici 347:Livornesi 311:Elevation 269:Montenero 8865:Syracuse 8825:Piacenza 8760:Cagliari 8723:100,000+ 8689:Florence 8667:200,000+ 8636:500,000+ 8565:Suvereto 8560:Sassetta 8530:Piombino 8520:Marciana 8258:4 August 8232:30 March 8207:30 March 8114:30 March 8089:30 March 8080:"Storia" 7995:30 March 7952:30 March 7923:30 March 7898:Archived 7880:30 March 7855:Archived 7811:30 March 7790:30 March 7764:30 March 7738:30 March 7717:30 March 7695:30 March 7650:30 March 7617:30 March 7592:30 March 7554:30 March 7529:4 August 7507:4 August 7485:4 August 7463:30 March 7437:30 March 7412:Archived 7394:30 March 7369:30 March 7348:4 August 7317:30 March 7292:30 March 7256:4 August 7216:30 March 7182:4 August 7156:30 March 7151:moked.it 7131:30 March 7106:30 March 7080:30 March 7055:Archived 7037:Archived 7019:Archived 7001:30 March 6976:Archived 6958:30 March 6937:30 March 6872:Archived 6829:Diogenes 6810:30 March 6788:30 March 6740:30 April 6719:4 August 6613:6 August 6538:30 March 6211:See also 6203:Galliano 5995:, Russia 5980:Haiphong 5956:, Israel 5810:Indy 500 5296:Kabbalah 5129:convicts 4771:Province 4747:CTT Nord 4515:, later 4401:gave to 4323:Cosimo I 4217:Capitana 4213:bastions 4160:Florence 4041:pilgrims 3896:pediment 3862:and the 3683:Proposto 3677:and the 3608:restored 3516:Terrazza 3496:Terrazza 3488:parterre 3278:Florence 3205:nobility 3030:composer 2887:Galliano 2750:fuel oil 2742:gasoline 2692:Florence 2529:Dialects 2521:See the 2500:Tossizza 2289:Bulgaria 2187:Pakistan 1952:Source: 1612:Average 1397:(100.0) 1367:(100.0) 792:Medieval 766:Salviano 750:toponyms 735:Etruscan 633:Florence 456:Italian: 241:Frazioni 226:Province 8921:Livorno 8890:Vicenza 8870:Taranto 8860:Sassari 8855:Salerno 8835:Ravenna 8820:Pescara 8815:Perugia 8790:Livorno 8765:Ferrara 8755:Brescia 8750:Bolzano 8745:Bergamo 8704:Trieste 8694:Messina 8684:Catania 8679:Bologna 8653:Palermo 8515:Livorno 8475:Bibbona 8462:of the 8456:· 8454:Tuscany 8335:Sources 8297:11 July 8142:Leghorn 6859:, p. 50 6594:Livorno 6466:1 March 6435:1 March 6408:in the 6307:. Istat 6013:Gallery 6006:Oakland 5969:, Spain 5954:Bat Yam 5940:twinned 5624:2004–05 5620:Serie A 5567:Tripoli 5157:Tuscany 5127:of the 5078:Carrara 5024:Library 4963:Preside 4909:biology 4901:physics 4864:Schools 4841:Capraia 4837:Toremar 4819:Tangier 4760:LAM Blu 4717:Airport 4678:Serie D 4479:, from 4185:bastion 4155:Darsena 4136:of the 4077:Piazza 4071:: main 4045:ex-voto 4023:Shelley 3971:Baroque 3888:baroque 3878:of the 3876:galleys 3584:fascist 3582:in the 3580:Podestà 3472:Corsica 3437:Piazza 3399:Voltone 3287:tyranny 3263:Carrara 3253:of the 3037:Goldoni 2816:Vickers 2778:Firenze 2766:barrels 2722:Benetti 2584:Economy 2578:Yiddish 2565:bagitto 2558:Bagitto 2440:nazione 2255:Ecuador 2170:Moldova 2153:Tunisia 2136:Nigeria 2068:Morocco 2051:Senegal 2017:Ukraine 2000:Albania 1983:Romania 1944:154,483 1933:157,052 1922:156,274 1911:167,512 1900:175,741 1889:174,791 1878:161,077 1867:142,333 1856:124,963 1845:120,711 1834:113,897 1823:103,973 1681:(29.9) 1607:(19.4) 1602:(22.3) 1597:(28.9) 1592:(33.1) 1587:(41.0) 1582:(51.4) 1577:(52.9) 1572:(46.0) 1567:(37.4) 1562:(32.2) 1557:(23.4) 1552:(20.1) 1547:(19.4) 1537:(53.7) 1532:(43.0) 1527:(48.4) 1522:(55.9) 1517:(63.1) 1512:(67.8) 1507:(68.0) 1502:(63.3) 1497:(56.7) 1492:(50.4) 1487:(45.5) 1482:(41.7) 1477:(40.6) 1467:(66.1) 1462:(53.2) 1457:(59.5) 1452:(68.4) 1447:(76.6) 1442:(81.5) 1437:(81.9) 1432:(76.8) 1427:(69.8) 1422:(63.0) 1417:(57.7) 1412:(53.6) 1407:(51.4) 1392:(70.7) 1387:(77.0) 1382:(83.8) 1377:(92.5) 1372:(96.8) 1362:(95.7) 1357:(90.0) 1352:(78.1) 1347:(75.4) 1342:(70.7) 1337:(67.3) 1247:Climate 1177:Mercato 1146:as the 1117:Tuscany 1072:Tuscany 972:penance 968:amnesty 892:of the 841:Livorno 837:Genoese 786:Labrone 774:Ardenza 754:liburna 721:Origins 643:History 485:Leghorn 477:Tuscany 452:Livorno 436:Website 327:152,914 257:Gorgona 231:Livorno 219:Tuscany 203:Country 152:Livorno 122:Livorno 38:Leghorn 35:Livorno 8880:Trento 8850:Rimini 8805:Novara 8795:Modena 8785:Latina 8770:Foggia 8740:Arezzo 8735:Andria 8730:Ancona 8714:Verona 8709:Venice 8643:Naples 8505:Cecina 8459:Comuni 8355: 8020:30 May 7837:24 May 7686: 6851: 6762:31 May 6683: 6360: 6333:16 May 6008:, U.S. 5942:with: 5873:Rabbi 5812:winner 5771:writer 5707:Rabbi 5290:Rabbi 5182:People 5093:, 117 5082:Comune 4847:Trains 4832:Bastia 4806:Bastia 4221:Galley 4125:Mastio 4073:Jewish 4001:caduti 3904:coffer 3679:Curato 3624:, and 3561:ducats 3508:gazebo 3494:. The 2991:hekhal 2985:, the 2967:Comune 2718:Azimut 2574:Hebrew 2470:Smyrna 2422:city. 2413:, the 2407:Levant 2388:Epirus 2375:Greeks 2306:Russia 2272:Brazil 2221:Poland 2004:1,690 1987:2,163 1881:+13.2% 1870:+13.9% 1812:96,340 1801:97,147 1790:96,631 1779:94,977 1676:(3.1) 1671:(4.0) 1666:(4.1) 1661:(2.9) 1656:(1.2) 1651:(0.7) 1646:(1.6) 1641:(2.1) 1636:(2.4) 1631:(2.7) 1626:(2.4) 1621:(2.7) 1288:Month 1239:. The 1222:Allies 1207:villas 1188:, the 1142:, and 1040:Papacy 1011:Greeks 1003:French 976:Jewish 922:towers 861:Medici 804:. The 782:Cicero 746:Romans 431:22 May 214:Region 48:Comune 8885:Udine 8875:Terni 8830:Prato 8810:Parma 8800:Monza 8775:Forlì 8699:Padua 8658:Genoa 8648:Turin 8627:Milan 8167:] 6677:Brill 6292:Notes 6075:Duomo 5135:Media 5058:] 4998:Latin 4994:Greek 4980:Liceo 4828:Olbia 4729:Buses 4664:Sport 4568:is a 4492:, to 4482:Porta 4469:Reale 4467:Fosso 4429:cardo 4019:Byron 3390:vault 3331:, or 3201:lanes 3146:] 3133:rione 3061:is a 2882:Tuaca 2875:Tuaca 2804:Fiume 2700:Siena 2507:] 2492:] 2462:] 2384:Chios 2238:India 2085:China 1954:ISTAT 1947:−1.6% 1936:+0.5% 1925:−6.7% 1914:−4.7% 1903:+0.5% 1892:+8.5% 1859:+3.5% 1848:+6.0% 1837:+9.5% 1826:+7.9% 1815:−0.8% 1804:+0.5% 1793:+1.7% 1327:Year 1193:Benci 1109:Italy 1007:Dutch 798:Lucca 637:Prato 561:-horn 402:57100 387:UTC+2 366:UTC+1 207:Italy 8674:Bari 8622:Rome 8353:ISBN 8325:2020 8299:2016 8260:2018 8234:2018 8209:2018 8184:2017 8116:2018 8091:2018 8066:2021 8044:2021 8022:2022 7997:2018 7954:2018 7925:2018 7882:2018 7839:2015 7813:2018 7792:2018 7766:2018 7740:2018 7719:2018 7697:2018 7684:ISBN 7652:2018 7619:2018 7594:2018 7556:2018 7531:2018 7509:2018 7487:2018 7465:2018 7439:2018 7396:2018 7371:2018 7350:2018 7319:2018 7294:2018 7258:2018 7218:2018 7184:2018 7158:2018 7133:2018 7108:2018 7082:2018 7003:2018 6960:2018 6939:2018 6849:ISBN 6812:2018 6790:2018 6764:2022 6742:2016 6721:2018 6681:ISBN 6615:2012 6580:2020 6540:2018 6468:2019 6437:2019 6358:ISBN 6335:2019 6313:2023 6139:The 5125:Gaol 5105:and 5049:The 5016:and 4996:and 4947:The 4915:and 4891:and 4875:The 4830:and 4817:and 4804:and 4789:The 4785:Port 4763:and 4745:and 4739:ACIT 4735:ATAM 4564:The 4431:and 4360:and 4269:city 4148:and 4131:Doge 4061:and 4021:and 4013:and 3981:and 3922:and 3898:and 3787:and 3649:and 3570:and 3545:city 3462:The 3310:The 3282:Arno 3237:The 3229:The 3211:and 3195:The 3152:The 3118:and 3055:The 3024:The 2752:and 2736:The 2698:and 2696:Pisa 2595:port 2576:and 2562:The 2390:and 2327:107 2310:127 2293:133 2276:136 2259:137 2242:163 2225:208 2208:212 2191:227 2174:284 2157:334 2140:399 2123:400 2106:510 2089:527 2072:685 2055:766 2038:792 2034:Peru 2021:830 1941:2021 1930:2011 1919:2001 1908:1991 1897:1981 1886:1971 1875:1961 1864:1951 1853:1936 1842:1931 1831:1921 1820:1911 1809:1901 1798:1881 1787:1871 1776:1861 1765:Pop. 1761:Year 1605:−7.0 1600:−5.4 1595:−1.7 1580:10.8 1575:11.6 1555:−4.8 1550:−6.6 1545:−7.0 1535:12.1 1520:13.3 1515:17.3 1510:19.9 1505:20.0 1500:17.4 1495:13.7 1490:10.2 1465:19.0 1460:11.8 1455:15.3 1450:20.2 1445:24.8 1440:27.5 1435:27.7 1430:24.9 1425:21.0 1420:17.2 1415:14.3 1410:12.0 1405:10.8 1395:37.8 1390:21.5 1385:25.0 1380:28.8 1375:33.6 1370:36.0 1365:37.8 1360:35.4 1355:32.2 1350:25.6 1345:24.1 1340:21.5 1335:19.6 1324:Dec 1321:Nov 1318:Oct 1315:Sep 1312:Aug 1309:Jul 1306:Jun 1303:May 1300:Apr 1297:Mar 1294:Feb 1291:Jan 1228:and 1166:and 1068:Pisa 1034:The 966:and 635:and 598:-ərn 518:leg- 413:0586 391:CEST 298:Area 250:List 233:(LI) 83:Flag 8545:Rio 5622:in 5131:). 4839:to 4826:to 4813:to 4800:to 4743:ATL 4443:to 4368:. 4325:to 3870:of 3470:to 2770:Eni 2738:Eni 1725:84 1722:10 1719:10 1679:759 1669:102 1664:104 1590:0.6 1585:5.0 1570:7.8 1565:3.0 1560:0.1 1530:6.1 1525:9.1 1485:7.5 1480:5.4 1475:4.8 1260:Csa 1170:as 1156:as 673:by 601:). 596:LEG 564:or 559:LEG 546:ɔːr 520:ORN 506:ɔːr 380:DST 370:CET 8907:: 8315:. 8287:. 8225:. 8200:. 8165:it 8157:. 8132:. 8107:. 8082:. 8013:. 7988:. 7933:^ 7916:. 7873:. 7783:. 7748:^ 7610:. 7564:^ 7547:. 7455:. 7430:. 7387:. 7327:^ 7310:. 7280:. 7266:^ 7235:^ 7209:. 7149:. 7124:. 7099:. 7073:. 6994:. 6930:. 6895:, 6878:, 6827:, 6781:. 6632:^ 6570:. 6531:. 6504:^ 6459:. 6453:. 6425:. 6352:. 5159:. 5072:. 5056:it 5012:, 5008:, 5004:, 4970:, 4911:, 4907:, 4903:, 4855:. 4781:. 4741:, 4737:, 4576:. 4554:. 4523:. 4376:. 4271:. 3991:: 3969:: 3918:, 3914:, 3783:, 3726:. 3645:, 3620:, 3144:it 3071:. 2748:, 2744:, 2716:. 2702:. 2694:, 2605:: 2548:. 2525:. 2505:el 2490:it 2460:it 2394:. 2386:, 1770:±% 1716:9 1713:6 1710:3 1707:2 1704:4 1701:7 1698:8 1695:9 1692:8 1689:8 1674:80 1659:73 1654:31 1649:18 1644:40 1639:54 1634:60 1629:69 1624:60 1619:68 1232:. 1181:, 1174:, 1162:, 1136:, 1054:. 1021:. 1005:, 997:, 928:. 851:. 788:. 780:. 639:. 583:ər 524:, 291:PD 267:, 263:, 8599:e 8592:t 8585:v 8446:e 8439:t 8432:v 8370:, 8361:. 8327:. 8301:. 8262:. 8236:. 8211:. 8186:. 8118:. 8093:. 8068:. 8046:. 8024:. 7999:. 7956:. 7927:. 7884:. 7841:. 7815:. 7794:. 7768:. 7742:. 7721:. 7654:. 7621:. 7596:. 7558:. 7533:. 7511:. 7489:. 7467:. 7441:. 7398:. 7373:. 7352:. 7321:. 7296:. 7260:. 7220:. 7186:. 7160:. 7135:. 7110:. 7084:. 7005:. 6962:. 6941:. 6857:. 6814:. 6792:. 6766:. 6744:. 6723:. 6689:. 6617:. 6582:. 6542:. 6498:. 6484:. 6470:. 6439:. 6412:. 6366:. 6337:. 6315:. 5123:( 4686:. 4082:. 4065:. 3973:- 2720:- 2401:( 1255:( 939:( 709:. 696:) 690:( 685:) 681:( 667:. 589:/ 586:n 580:ɡ 577:ɛ 574:l 571:ˈ 568:/ 552:/ 549:n 543:h 540:ɡ 537:ɛ 534:l 531:ˈ 528:/ 512:/ 509:n 503:ɡ 500:ˈ 497:ɛ 494:l 491:/ 454:( 393:) 389:( 382:) 372:) 368:( 293:) 289:( 25:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index