Leo Tolstoy - Knowledge

2249: 2333:, was sanctioned by the Soviet state to exist as a commune for Tolstoyans. The government permitted this Christian-oriented community because they felt that religious sects like the Tolstoyans were models for the Russian peasantry. The Soviet government owned the estate, which was deemed a memorial for the late Russian writer, but Alexandra had jurisdiction over the education offered at Yasnaya Polyana. Unlike most Soviet schools, the schooling at Yasnaya Polyana did not offer militaristic training and did not teach atheism. Over time, though, local communists – as opposed to the state government, which financially supported the institution – often denounced the estate and called for frequent inspections. After 1928, a change in cultural policy in the Soviet regime led to a takeover of local institutions, including Tolstoy's estate. When Alexandra stepped down from her role as head of Yasnaya Poliana in 1929, the Commissariat of Education and Health took control. 75: 1815:. He describes the state as the domination of the wicked ones, supported by brutal force. Robbers, he says, are far less dangerous than a well-organized government. He makes a searching criticism of the prejudices which are current now concerning the benefits conferred upon men by the church, the state, and the existing distribution of property, and from the teachings of Jesus he deduces the rule of non-resistance and the absolute condemnation of all wars. His religious arguments are, however, so well combined with arguments borrowed from a dispassionate observation of the present evils, that the anarchist portions of his works appeal to the religious and the non-religious reader alike. 2184: 1820: 2361:, which he called a "peasant bourgeois revolution," failed because of its backwardness: the revolutionaries wanted to dismantle the existing medieval forms of oppression and replace them with an old and patriarchal village-commune. Tolstoy's concept of non-resistance to evil additionally hindered the 1905 revolution's success, Lenin thought, because the movement was not militant and had thus allowed the autocracy to crush them. Nevertheless, Lenin concludes in his writings that despite the many contradictions in Tolstoy's critiques, his hatred for feudalism and capitalism mark the prelude to proletarian socialism. 1864:. In the 1900 essay, "On Anarchy," he wrote: "The Anarchists are right in everything; in the negation of the existing order, and in the assertion that, without Authority, there could not be worse violence than that of Authority under existing conditions. They are mistaken only in thinking that Anarchy can be instituted by a revolution. But it will be instituted only by there being more and more people who do not require the protection of governmental power ... There can be only one permanent revolution – a moral one: the regeneration of the inner man." Despite his misgivings about 477: 1256: 1245: 1234: 1876: 743: 2345:– gave a speech in which he denied reports that claimed the Soviet government was hostile towards Tolstoy and his legacy. Instead of focusing on the aspects of Tolstoy's works that pitted him against the Soviet regime, he instead focused on the unifying aspects, such as Tolstoy's love for equality and labor as well as his disdain for the state and private property. More than 400 million copies of Tolstoy's works have been printed in the Soviet Union, making him the best-selling author in Soviet Russia. 2326:

Tolstoy's writings, which had previously been censored under Russia's imperial rule. However, publishing a complete collection of Tolstoy's works proved to be more difficult. In December 1918, the Commissariat of Education granted Chertkov a 10 million rouble subsidy to publish a complete edition of his works, but it never materialized due to government control of publication rights. Cooperatives were additionally made illegal in Russia in 1921, creating another obstacle for Alexandra and Chertkov.

2261: 1522: 2056:, in which the nobleman Dmitri Ivanovich Nekhlyudov realizes that the earth cannot really be owned and that everyone should have equal access to its resources and advantages, hints that Tolstoy had such a view. Other works, such as Tolstoy's unfinished play "The Light that Shines in the Darkness” and the short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?”, suggest Tolstoy's approval of small communities with local governance to manage the collective land rents for common goods, and heavily criticize 2122:. It was only from 1890 that Tolstoy adopted a strict vegetarian diet which he was alleged to have never consciously betrayed. Tolstoy's wife Sophia argued that his vegetarian diet did not provide him enough nourishment and contributed to his digestive ailments, however, Tolstoy stated that his health was not deprived on the diet but had improved. Critics of Tolstoy such as I. S. Listovsky suggested that Tolstoy's writing talent went into decline after he adopted a meatless diet. 370: 6315: 2548: 7263: 2238: 1658: 923: 1422:, who often visited Tolstoy at his country estate, wrote, "When literature possesses a Tolstoy, it is easy and pleasant to be a writer; even when you know you have achieved nothing yourself and are still achieving nothing, this is not as terrible as it might otherwise be, because Tolstoy achieves for everyone. What he does serves to justify all the hopes and aspirations invested in literature." The 19th-century British poet and critic 2520: 6334: 1555:, Tolstoy gradually became converted to the ascetic morality upheld in that work as the proper spiritual path for the upper classes. In 1869 he writes: "Do you know what this summer has meant for me? Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights which I've never experienced before....no student has ever studied so much on his course, and learned so much, as I have this summer." 1106: 1200:(1877) tells parallel stories of an adulterous woman trapped by the conventions and falsities of society and of a philosophical landowner (much like Tolstoy), who works alongside the peasants in the fields and seeks to reform their lives. Tolstoy not only drew from his own life experiences but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre Bezukhov and Prince Andrei in 2534: 1832: 884:" in French), and later used the title for his masterpiece. The two men also discussed education, as Tolstoy wrote in his educational notebooks: "If I recount this conversation with Proudhon, it is to show that, in my personal experience, he was the only man who understood the significance of education and of the printing press in our time." 2297:. Eikenbaum suggested that these influences can be seen in Tolstoy's emphases on individual happiness and peasant welfare. The discrepancies in Eikenbaum's portrayals of Tolstoy can be attributed to the political pressure in Soviet Russia at the time: public officials pressured literary scholars to conform with party doctrine. 778:, where teachers described him as "both unable and unwilling to learn". Tolstoy left the university in the middle of his studies, returned to Yasnaya Polyana and then spent much time in Moscow, Tula and Saint Petersburg, leading a lax and leisurely lifestyle. He began writing during this period, including his first novel 4682: 2337:

Stalin in June 1928. During the meeting, Stalin said the government could not provide the one million roubles requested by the committee. However, an agreement was reached with the State Publishing House in April 1928 for the publishing of a 92-volume collection of Tolstoy's works. During the Jubilee Celebration,

2497:, the U.S. senator and historian. As the three men conversed, Holmes filmed Tolstoy with his 60-mm movie camera. Afterwards, Beveridge's advisers succeeded in having the film destroyed, fearing that the meeting with the Russian author might hurt Beveridge's chances of running for the U.S. presidency. 2276:

and not a socialist, his ideas and works still influenced socialist thinkers throughout history. He held an unromantic view of governments as being essentially violent forces held together by intimidation from state authority, corruption on behalf of officials, and the indoctrination of people from a

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causes only a relative nothingness which is not to be feared. Tolstoy was struck by the description of Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu ascetic renunciation as being the path to holiness. After reading passages such as the following, which abound in Schopenhauer's ethical chapters, the Russian nobleman

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In 1925, the Soviet government created its first Jubilee Committee to celebrate the centennial of Tolstoy's birth, which originally consisted of 13 members but grew to 38 members after a second committee formed in 1927. Alexandra was not content with the funds provided by the government and met with

1910:, a debt Gandhi acknowledged in his autobiography, calling Tolstoy "the greatest apostle of non-violence that the present age has produced". Their correspondence lasted only a year, from October 1909 until Tolstoy's death in November 1910, but led Gandhi to give the name Tolstoy Colony to his second 999:

The marriage was marked from the outset by sexual passion and emotional insensitivity when Tolstoy, on the eve of their marriage, gave her his diaries detailing his extensive sexual past and the fact that one of the serfs on his estate had borne him a son. Even so, their early married life was happy

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The police took extra precautions to minimize dissent during the funeral ceremonies. They were inconspicuous but looming during the funeral itself, which two thousand people attended without incident. Three choirs sang. There were no eulogies, per the family's request, though 100 students had asked

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Tolstoy died on 20 November 1910 at the age of 82. Just before his death, his health was a concern of his family, who cared for him daily. In his last days, he spoke and wrote about dying. Renouncing his aristocratic lifestyle, he left home one winter night. His secretive departure was an apparent

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Tolstoy praised the Boxer Rebellion and harshly criticized the atrocities of the Russian, German, American, Japanese, and other troops of the Eight-Nation alliance. He heard about the looting, rapes, and murders, and accused the troops of slaughter and "Christian brutality." He named the monarchs

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In 1944, literary historian and Soviet medievalist Nikolai Gudzii wrote a biography of Tolstoy that spanned 80 pages. It was designed to show readers that Tolstoy would have revised his pacifistic and anti-patriotic sentiments if he were alive amid World War II. At around the same time, literary

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political thinking. Gandhi was deeply moved by Tolstoy's concept of truth, which, in his view, constitutes any doctrine that reduces suffering. For both Gandhi and Tolstoy, truth is God, and since God is universal love, truth must therefore also be universal love. The Gujarati word for Gandhi's

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in 1917, writings that were formerly censored could now be published, since all literary works were nationalized in November 1918. Alexandra worked during these years to publish sets of Tolstoy's works: from 1917 to 1919, she worked with Zadruga Publishing House to publish thirteen booklets on

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Tolstoy became a vegetarian for ethical and spiritual reasons, associating a meatless diet with "high moral views on life". He viewed both hunting and eating meat as a moral evil as they involve unnecessary cruelty to animals and regretted his former habits. In 1891, Tolstoy obtained a copy of

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wrote several essays about Tolstoy, suggesting that a contradiction exists within his critique of Russian society. According to Lenin, Tolstoy – who adored the peasantry and voiced their discontent with imperial Russian society – may have been revolutionary in his critiques, but his political

1162:(1852–1856), tell of a rich landowner's son and his slow realization of the chasm between himself and his peasants. Though he later rejected them as sentimental, a great deal of Tolstoy's own life is revealed. They retain their relevance as accounts of the universal story of growing up. 2369:

non-violent movement is "satyagraha", derived from the word "sadagraha" – the "sat" portion translating to "truth", and the "agraha" translating to "firmness". Gandhi's conception of satyagraha was birthed from Tolstoy's understanding of Christianity, rather than from Hindu tradition.

2159:. In a letter to A. D. Zutphen (a Dutch medical student), Tolstoy wrote that "My health not only has not suffered; it has in fact improved significantly since I have given up milk, butter and eggs, as well as sugar, tea, and coffee." Tolstoy described his vegetarian diet consisting of 2117:

in 1882; however, his conversion to a vegetarian diet was a long and gradual process. William Fay (Vladimir Konstantinovich Geins), who visited Tolstoy in Autumn 1885, influenced Tolstoy to become vegetarian. In 1887, Tolstoy was lapsing from a vegetarian diet by occasionally eating

4361:... if be really and seriously seeking to live a good life, the first thing from which he will abstain will always be the use of animal food, because ... its use is simply immoral, as it involves the performance of an act which is contrary to the moral feeling – killing 1019:

as one of the unhappiest in literary history. Tolstoy's relationship with his wife deteriorated as his beliefs became increasingly radical. This saw him seeking to reject his inherited and earned wealth, including the renunciation of the copyrights on his earlier works.

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belonged to different species: "You were the first to demonstrate beyond question by your experience that man is man everywhere, that is, a kind, sociable being with whom communication can and should be established through kindness and truth, not guns and spirits."

5420:"James Meek reviews 'The Death of Tolstoy' by William Nickell, 'The Diaries of Sofia Tolstoy' translated by Cathy Porter, 'A Confession' by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Anthony Briggs and 'Anniversary Essays on Tolstoy' by Donna Tussing Orwin · LRB 22 July 2010" 1837: 1834: 2309:

was birthed, and its members used his works to promote non-violence, anti-urbanism and opposition to the state. While Tolstoy himself never associated with the movement, as he was opposed to joining any organization or group, he named his thirteenth child

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of Tolstoy's 80th birthday (1908) at Yasnaya Polyana, showing his wife Sofya (picking flowers in the garden) daughter Aleksandra (sitting in the carriage in the white blouse); his aide and confidante V. Chertkov (bald man with the beard and mustache); and

2034:, stating once that "People do not argue with the teaching of George; they simply do not know it. And it is impossible to do otherwise with his teaching, for he who becomes acquainted with it cannot but agree." He also wrote a preface to George's journal 1839: 1833: 1276:

is generally thought to be one of the greatest novels ever written, remarkable for its dramatic breadth and unity. Its vast canvas includes 580 characters, many historical with others fictional. The story moves from family life to the headquarters of

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in Tula. The cruelty he had witnessed confirmed his belief that meat should be removed from the diet. In the essay he wrote that meat eating is "simply immoral, as it involves the performance of an act which is contrary to moral feeling – killing".

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who, as a youngster at a ball, where the daughters of all the notabilities were sitting together, was asked: "Now Francis, will you not soon make your choice from these beauties?" and who replied: "I have made a far more beautiful choice!" "Whom?"

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used by Pyotr Tolstoy as a reference were lost. The first documented members of the Tolstoy family also lived during the 17th century, thus Pyotr Tolstoy himself is generally considered the founder of the noble house, being granted the title of

2318:– who kept many of Tolstoy's manuscripts – as the editor of his works. Originally Tolstoy wanted to make the Russian people the heirs to his writings, but Russian law at the time decreed that property could only be inherited by one individual. 390: 2150:

daily but was questioned by one of his friends if eating eggs amounts to taking life. He commented that "Yes, I ought to have stopped taking eggs. At least from now I shall stop it". By 1903, Tolstoy had removed eggs from his diet.

478: 4037: 1836: 6394: 1301:'s son will become one of the Decembrists. The novel explores Tolstoy's theory of history, and in particular the insignificance of individuals such as Napoleon and Alexander. Somewhat surprisingly, Tolstoy did not consider 1999:

and brought their persecution to the attention of the international community, after they burned their weapons in peaceful protest in 1895. He aided the Doukhobors to migrate to Canada. He also provided inspiration to the

4445: 827:, Tolstoy wrote: "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens ... Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere." Tolstoy's concept of 391: 919:, who was sixteen years his junior and the daughter of a court physician. She was called Sonya, the Russian diminutive of Sofia, by her family and friends. They had 13 children, eight of whom survived childhood: 1715:

relates how Tolstoy once read this passage before him and Chekhov, and Tolstoy was moved to tears by the end of the reading. Later passages of rare power include the personal crises faced by the protagonists of

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included hunting scenes. Tolstoy spent decades hunting, but stopped sometime in the 1880s and became a staunch opponent of hunting due to ethical concerns about killing. In 1890 Tolstoy wrote a preface for

2787: 4833: 4755: 4592: 4794: 4553: 1581:): "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Therefore, those who were greatly in earnest about their eternal salvation, chose 8738: 1902:. In 1909, Gandhi read a copy of the letter when he was becoming an activist in South Africa. He wrote to Tolstoy seeking proof that he was the author, which led to further correspondence. Tolstoy's 2155:

who had visited Tolstoy noted that vegetarianism was a way of living for Tolstoy and at the dinner table surrounded by family and guests who were eating meat and scrambled eggs, Tolstoy was eating

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textbook and addressed to schoolchildren. Nevertheless, he was skeptical about poetry as a genre. As he famously said, "Writing poetry is like ploughing and dancing at the same time." According to

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and otters. For example, Tolstoy wrote in his diary on 23 March 1852, "the weather was marvellous; went out hunting, rode up and down the undulating country till one. Killed two ducks." His novel

8618: 2040:. Tolstoy and George both rejected private property in land (the most important source of income for Russian aristocracy that Tolstoy heavily criticized). They also rejected a centrally planned 1707:), ideals also held by the young Gandhi. Tolstoy's passion from the depth of his austere moral views is reflected in his later work. One example is the sequence of the temptation of Sergius in 1216:, who translated many of Tolstoy's works, said of Tolstoy's signature style, "His works are full of provocation and irony, and written with broad and elaborately developed rhetorical devices." 1305:

to be a novel (nor did he consider many of the great Russian fictions written at that time to be novels). This view becomes less surprising if one considers that Tolstoy was a novelist of the

804:. During the war he was recognised for his courage and promoted to lieutenant. He was appalled by the number of deaths involved in warfare, and left the army after the end of the Crimean War. 774:; 1790–1830). His mother died when he was two and his father when he was nine. Tolstoy and his siblings were brought up by relatives. In 1844, he began studying law and oriental languages at 8778: 1094: 389: 8768: 4021: 3347: 1807:, deducing his conclusions from the general spirit of the teachings of Jesus and from the necessary dictates of reason. With all the might of his talent, Tolstoy made (especially in 8808: 8643: 1758:

thought. Tolstoy believed being a Christian required him to be a pacifist; the apparently inevitable waging of war by governments is why he is considered a philosophical anarchist.

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wrote, "I am attracted by his earnestness and by his power of detail, but I am repelled by his looseness of construction and by his unreasonable and impracticable mysticism."

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and believed that the reform movement was perilous. Tolstoy's ideology of non-violence shaped the thought of the Chinese anarchist group Society for the Study of Socialism.

891:. Tolstoy described the schools' principles in his 1862 essay "The School at Yasnaya Polyana". His educational experiments were short-lived, partly due to harassment by the 1367:, Tolstoy attempts to expose the injustice of man-made laws and the hypocrisy of an institutionalized church. Tolstoy also explores and explains the economic philosophy of 807:

His experience in the army, and two trips around Europe in 1857 and 1860–61 converted Tolstoy from a dissolute and privileged society author to a non-violent and spiritual

8798: 3277: 392: 1635:, he explains that he considered mistaken the Church's doctrine because they had made a "perversion" of Christ's teachings. Tolstoy also received letters from American 583:

In the 1870s, Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work

8633: 4513: 2289:– in a stark contrast from his earlier works on Tolstoy – portrayed the Russian novelist as someone whose ideas aligned with those of early utopian socialists such as 4484: 8628: 4716: 4214: 4157: 3499: 1008:

with Sonya acting as his secretary, editor, and financial manager. Sonya was copying and hand-writing his epic works time after time. Tolstoy would continue editing

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railway station, after a day's train journey south. The station master took Tolstoy to his apartment, and his personal doctors arrived and gave him injections of

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Tolstoy articulated his Christian anarchist political thought between 1880 and 1910, yet its continuing relevance should have become fairly self-evident already.

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Later, various versions of "Tolstoy's Bible" were published, indicating the passages Tolstoy most relied on, specifically, the reported words of Jesus himself.

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of loving one's neighbor and God, rather than guidance from the Church or state. Another distinct attribute of his philosophy based on Christ's teachings is

3724: 1038:, and many of Leo Tolstoy's relatives and descendants today live in Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Tolstoy's son, Count 784:, a fictitious account of his own youth, which was published in 1852. In 1851, after running up heavy gambling debts, he went with his older brother to the 7226: 3309: 823:. During his 1857 visit, Tolstoy witnessed a public execution in Paris, a traumatic experience that marked the rest of his life. In a letter to his friend 3618: 8501: 8998: 8793: 8688: 8648: 8608: 3234: 8928: 8843: 698:, under the name of Leonty, and his sons as Konstantin and Feodor. Konstantin's grandson Andrei Kharitonovich was nicknamed Tolstiy (translated as 3576: 2820: 2195:

attempt to escape from his wife's tirades. She spoke out against many of his teachings, and in recent years had grown envious of his attention to

1410:, who died thirty years before Tolstoy, admired and was delighted by Tolstoy's novels (and, conversely, Tolstoy also admired Dostoyevsky's work). 8973: 8783: 5031: 2687: 2076:

by his father, who was an avid huntsman. He was trained to hunt from a young age and became a passionate huntsman himself. He was known to shoot

7060: 1615:, in which he openly confessed his Christian beliefs. He affirmed his belief in Jesus Christ's teachings and was particularly influenced by the 3000: 522:

fiction, and two of the greatest books of all time. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy,

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Without naming himself an anarchist, Leo Tolstoy, like his predecessors in the popular religious movements of the 15th and 16th centuries,

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The death of his brother Nikolay in 1860 had an impact on Tolstoy, and led him to a desire to marry. On 23 September 1862, Tolstoy married

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In hundreds of essays over the last 20 years of his life, Tolstoy reiterated the anarchist critique of the state and recommended books by

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Fired by enthusiasm, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana and founded 13 schools for the children of Russia's peasants, who had just been

6382: 5427: 5098: 4406: 4274: 1980:. He described the intervention as "terrible for its injustice and cruelty". The war was also criticized by other intellectuals such as 495:, was a Russian writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential authors of all time. He received nominations for the 8818: 8763: 8678: 5751: 8948: 8673: 8154: 8146: 7142: 6236: 5961: 4929: 4082: 4348: 1726:, where the main character in the former and the reader in the latter are made aware of the foolishness of the protagonists' lives. 1374:

Tolstoy also tried writing poetry, with several soldier songs written during his military service, and fairy tales in verse such as

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school who considered the novel to be a framework for the examination of social and political issues in nineteenth-century life.

3753: 2886:. Vol. V: Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959 – December 1960. University of California Press. pp. 149, 269, 248. 8494: 8075: 6574: 2342: 2101:(An Evil Pastime: Thoughts about Hunting). Although Tolstoy in his later life opposed hunting, he never abandoned his love for 1213: 2730: 8918: 8838: 8743: 6422: 6018: 5538: 5382: 4827: 4788: 4749: 4710: 4652: 4625: 4586: 4547: 4478: 4439: 4291: 3952: 3532: 3417: 3389: 3197: 2930: 2891: 5029:

Wenzer, Kenneth C. (October 1997). "Tolstoy's Georgist Spiritual Political Economy (1897–1910): Anarchism and Land Reform".

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the heir to his works with the intention that she would publish them for the Russian people. Meanwhile, Tolstoy designated

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Tolstoy believed that a true Christian could find lasting happiness by striving for inner perfection through following the

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Tolstoy was in an anguished state of mind and he began putting away guns and ropes out of fear that he would kill himself.

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indicates this influence. Tolstoy's political philosophy was also influenced by a March 1861 visit to French anarchist

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The School at Yasnaya Polyana – The Complete Works of Count Tolstoy: Pedagogical Articles. Linen-Measurer, Volume IV

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The Literary 100, Revised Edition: A Ranking of the Most Influential Novelists, Playwrights, and Poets of All Time

2138:", published in 1893. In his introductory essay, he described a cruel experience he had witnessed at a visit to a 1386:, a collection of short stories in four volumes (total of 629 stories in various genres) published along with the 1350:

in 1901. After his religious conversion, Tolstoy came to reject most modern Western culture, including his novels

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from Chertkov. His daughters translated the book into Russian and Tolstoy wrote an introductory essay titled "

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consciousness was not fully developed for a revolution. Lenin uses this line of thinking to suggest that the

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and recommended that China remain an agrarian nation, and not reform like Japan. Tolstoy and Gu opposed the

1872:, and corrected the proofs of Kropotkin's "Words of a Rebel", illegally published in St Petersburg in 1906. 1042:, settled in Sweden and married a Swedish woman, and their descendants with family names including Tolstoy, 8978: 8466: 8406: 8089: 7899: 7880: 7615: 7133: 6885: 6598: 6507: 4236: 2464: 2207: 2026: 1895: 1769:(1854–1936), to spread Tolstoy's religious teachings. From 1892 he regularly met with the student-activist 1722: 1473: 1363: 785: 637: 551: 118: 24: 4854:

Bartolf, Christian / Dominique Miething: "Flame of Truth": the global significance of Doukhobor Pacifism.

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land ownership and the institution of marriage, and valued chastity and sexual abstinence (discussed in

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Towards the end of his life, Tolstoy became occupied with the economic theory and social philosophy of

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According to some sources, Tolstoy spent the last hours of his life preaching love, non-violence, and

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manor in Sweden, which is owned by Tolstoy's descendants. Swedish writer Daria Paus and jazz singer

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by All-Russian Armorials of Noble Houses of the Russian Empire. Part 2, 30 June 1798 (in Russian)

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His fiction consistently attempts to convey realistically the Russian society in which he lived.

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Chamberlin, William Henry; Von Mohrenschildt, Dimitri Sergius (1960). Karpovich, Michael (ed.).

1988:. In 1902, he wrote an open letter describing and denouncing Nicholas II's activities in China. 644:

Tolstoy received praise from countless authors and critics, both during his lifetime and after.

8362: 7636: 7298: 6962: 6241: 2561: 2135: 1861: 1534: 1433:

Later novelists continued to appreciate Tolstoy's art, but sometimes also expressed criticism.

873: 801: 722: 616: 7628: 7290: 5452: 5375:

Slavic Sins of the Flesh: Food, Sex, and Carnal Appetite in Nineteenth-Century Russian Fiction

4141: 3493: 2881: 2843: 1623:, which he understood as a "commandment of non-resistance to evil by force" and a doctrine of 8061: 8053: 7579: 7479: 7428: 7372: 6903: 6752: 6745: 6515: 6104: 5419: 4642: 4390: 4310: 3522: 3467: 1977: 1973: 1953: 1907: 1489: 1445:

noted that, "He is never dull, never stupid, never tired, never pedantic, never theatrical!"

1282: 1223: 1157: 789: 602: 6372: 6262: 4344: 3157:– The Tolstoys, Counts and Noblemen. Saint Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin Publishing House, p. 487 1449:

wrote of Tolstoy's seemingly guileless artistry: "Seldom did art work so much like nature."

1117:

Tolstoy is considered one of the giants of Russian literature; his works include the novels

856:

His European trip in 1860–61 shaped both his political and literary development when he met

8823: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8286: 7607: 7459: 7367: 7266: 7033: 6675: 6668: 6483: 6408: 3993: 2755: 2294: 1620: 1286: 1278: 1188: 1065:

One of his great-great-grandsons, Vladimir Tolstoy (born 1962), has been a director of the

1051: 904: 4921: 4278:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 914–919, see page 918. 4079: 2048:

and spend it on infrastructure, some assume that this embrace moved Tolstoy away from his

762:, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of 8: 8988: 8338: 7927: 7493: 7128: 7095: 7018: 6978: 6943: 6911: 6871: 6647: 6582: 6068: 4264: 3965: 3646: 2862: 2591: 2494: 2451: 2338: 2273: 1890: 1869: 1792: 1755: 1616: 1546: 1483:. However, Nabokov called Tolstoy the "greatest Russian writer of prose fiction". Critic 1479: 1175: 1131: 1070: 1046:

and Ceder still live in Sweden. The Paus branch of the family is also closely related to

1039: 956: 849: 710: 703: 624: 594: 590: 572: 542: 273: 6247: 6215: 4741:

For Dirk Struik: Scientific, Historical and Political Essays in Honour of Dirk J. Struik

1564:, Tolstoy quoted the final paragraph of Schopenhauer's work. It explains how a complete 1255: 1244: 1233: 8773: 8564: 8346: 8274: 8000: 7474: 7464: 7202: 7150: 7123: 7083: 6829: 6801: 6766: 6724: 5936: 5893: 5885: 5821: 5673: 5665: 5603: 5544: 5486: 5048: 5044: 3571: 3087: 3054: 2586: 2474: 2394: 2311: 2306: 2196: 2005: 1865: 1434: 1407: 1290: 1183:

and gave him material for realistic depiction of the horrors of war in his later work.

1035: 989: 978: 931: 690:

in 1353 along with his two sons Litvinos (or Litvonis) and Zimonten (or Zigmont) and a

589:(1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the 233: 122: 5794:"Lenin on Tolstoy: Between Imaginary Resolution and Revolutionary Christian Communism" 8322: 7484: 7423: 7357: 7233: 6935: 6780: 6773: 6614: 6590: 6310: 6263:

The Complete Works of Count Tolstoy (28 volumes published by Dana Estes & Company

6169: 6133: 6129: 6108: 6072: 6047: 6014: 5897: 5877: 5813: 5741: 5677: 5657: 5595: 5534: 5478: 5378: 5358: 5319: 5299: 5275: 5248: 5192: 5159: 5056: 4871:

Mays, H.G. (October–November 1999). "Resurrection: Tolstoy and Canada's Doukhobors".

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life and people through a story of a Russian aristocrat in love with a Cossack girl.

900: 500: 8421: 6223: 4578:

The Britannica Guide to Political and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World

3651:

Strangers Drowning : Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Urge to Help

862: 8202: 7869: 7433: 7207: 7165: 6808: 6731: 6717: 6633: 6550: 6319: 6266: 5869: 5805: 5737: 5733: 5649: 5587: 5526: 5120: 5040: 4093:

a publication of the Tolstoy Society of North America, n.d. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

3082: 3066: 2962: 2720: 2620: 2539: 2438: 2286: 1694: 1594: 1506: 1494: 1450: 1411: 1339: 1059: 812: 775: 679: 649: 598: 566: 519: 471: 418: 318: 290: 101: 656:

as the greatest of all novels. Tolstoy never having won a Nobel Prize was a major

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stylized as national folk songs. They were written between 1871 and 1874 for his

1343: 1265: 1151: 1086: 1066: 927: 916: 820: 816: 755: 731: 530: 331: 97: 6297: 5727: 4966: 3677: 1937:

and other texts about China. Tolstoy corresponded with the Chinese intellectual

1585:

when fate had denied this to them and they had been born in wealth. Thus Buddha

742: 709:

Because of the pagan names and the fact that Chernigov at the time was ruled by

8540: 8426: 8370: 7362: 7077: 6850: 6606: 6386:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1053–1061. 5638:"Boris Eikhenbaum's Unfinished Work on Tolstoy: A Dialogue with Soviet History" 5548: 5520: 5128: 4066: 2815: 2489:

of Tolstoy made a decade before he died. In 1901, the American travel lecturer

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Additionally, Tolstoy's philosophy of non-resistance to evil made an impact on

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was asked to list what he thought were the three greatest novels, he replied: "

1438: 1423: 1306: 1297:, to which it refers only in the last chapters, from which can be deduced that 1082: 938: 892: 844: 675: 669: 645: 612: 577: 200: 6390: 6306: 5809: 5060: 4859: 2950: 2260: 2052:

views. However, anarchist versions of Georgism have been proposed since then.

1521: 8587: 8556: 8162: 7819: 7664: 7326: 7010: 6710: 6661: 6499: 6491: 6377: 6273: 5881: 5817: 5729:

The legacy of Tolstoy :Alexandra Tolstoy and the Soviet regime in the 1920s /

5661: 5599: 5482: 5292:

Tolstoy's Way of No Flesh: Abstinence, Vegetarianism and Christian Physiology

5268:

Tolstoy's Way of No Flesh: Abstinence, Vegetarianism and Christian Physiology

5241:

Tolstoy's Way of No Flesh: Abstinence, Vegetarianism and Christian Physiology

4306: 4269: 4033: 3654: 3463: 3147: 3078: 2974: 2966: 2525: 2490: 2459: 2430: 2114: 2045: 1915: 1677: 1639:

who introduced him to the non-violence writings of Quaker Christians such as

1582: 1578: 1467: 1461: 1430:

said that "if the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy."

1419: 1371:, of which he had become a very strong advocate towards the end of his life. 1293:. Tolstoy's original idea for the novel was to investigate the causes of the 1125: 1119: 1110: 868: 824: 514: 508: 506:

Born into an aristocratic family, Tolstoy's notable works include the novels

247: 237: 6220:

Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI).

5530: 2277:

young age. In regard to his view of economics, he advocated for a return to

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Two Shining Souls: Jane Addams, Leo Tolstoy, and the Quest for Global Peace

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Tolstoy believed that the aristocracy was a burden on the poor. He opposed

1665: 1644: 1484: 1426:

opined that "A novel by Tolstoy is not a work of art but a piece of life."

1074: 1047: 950: 828: 759: 682:

who traced their ancestry to a mythical nobleman named Indris described by

632: 195: 8509: 5873: 8229: 6542: 5576:"Remarkable Tolstoy, from the Age of Empire to the Putin Era (1894–2006)" 2462:

for their roles. There have been other films about the writer, including

2290: 2164: 2147: 2009: 1946: 1938: 1899: 1712: 1628: 1565: 1446: 1442: 1427: 1328:, Tolstoy concentrated on Christian themes, and his later novels such as 1314: 1170: 1166: 1043: 1016: 857: 793: 714: 620: 547: 190: 5940: 5924: 5889: 5857: 5825: 5793: 5607: 5575: 5490: 5466: 4143:

Russian Writers and Society in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

3148:

Genealogical Collection of Russian Noble Families in 2 Volumes. Volume 2

2547: 369: 7729: 6815: 5052: 3169: 3070: 2443: 2265: 2237: 2001: 1996: 1796: 1774: 1738: 1640: 1530: 1030:

Some members of the Tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of the

896: 866:. The similar evocation of battle scenes in Hugo's novel and Tolstoy's 840: 35: 7277: 5669: 5637: 5591: 3055:"Controversies in Selecting Nobel Laureates: An Historical Commentary" 1765:

were a small Christian anarchist group formed by Tolstoy's companion,

1657: 1589:

was born a prince, but voluntarily took to the mendicant's staff; and

1573:

But this very necessity of involuntary suffering (by poor people) for

611:(1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as 8548: 7921: 6857: 6794: 5075: 3255: 2486: 2203: 2168: 2049: 2041: 1992: 1984:

and Gorky. As part of the criticism, Tolstoy wrote an epistle called

1930: 1926: 1853: 1762: 1586: 1012:

and had to have clean final drafts to be delivered to the publisher.

922: 808: 771: 687: 3498:. Translated by Wiener, Leo. Dana Estes & Company. p. 227. 2421:

Jones, a fictional Tolstoy appears as a mentor figure and friend of

1773:

who would defend several Tolstoyans; they discussed the fate of the

1034:, or after the establishment of the Soviet Union following the 1917 635:, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly in his novel 7403: 7179: 6371: 6328: 5962:"The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Travels with Father (1996)" 5653: 5467:"Tolstoy's Manifesto on the State, Christian Anarchy, and Pacifism" 4890: 2253: 2226: 2211: 2085: 2021: 1857: 1624: 1368: 1180: 1081:, is a well-known Russian journalist and TV presenter as well as a 1055: 1000:

and allowed Tolstoy much freedom and the support system to compose

691: 628: 278: 242: 223: 6324: 4647:. Continuum International Publishing Group, Limited. p. 580. 4242:

The Contemporary Relevance of Leo Tolstoy's Late Political Thought

1925:

stirred Tolstoy's interest in Chinese philosophy. He was a famous

1894:

outlining his belief in non-violence as a means for India to gain

8739:

Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences

3435:"A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure" 2215: 2172: 2160: 2073: 1868:, Tolstoy took risks to circulate the prohibited publications of 1636: 1193: 1090: 580:

and essays concerning philosophical, moral and religious themes.

555: 487:

28 August] 1828 – 20 November [

228: 213: 185: 43: 6345: 4263: 2880:

King, Martin Luther Jr.; Carson, Clayborne; et al. (2005).

2780:"The Greatest Books of All Time, as Voted by 125 Famous Authors" 2044:

economy. Because Georgism requires an administration to collect

1690:

and therefore also nonviolent resistance movements to this day.

1097:) (1923–1996), is also a Russian journalist, TV and radio host. 8619:

19th-century dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire

7658: 7320: 6292: 6011:

The Death of Tolstoy: Russia on the Eve, Astapovo Station, 1910

4539:

Pioneers of Modern China: Understanding the Inscrutable Chinese

1911: 1105: 1089:(born Anna Tolstaya in 1971), daughter of the acclaimed Soviet 832: 19:"Tolstoy" and "Lev Tolstoy" redirect here. For other uses, see 8083: 6400: 853:" when young Gandhi corresponded with him seeking his advice. 491:

7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as

439: 8532: 6252:

by Robert Hunter, The Macmillan Company, 1919 at Google Books

4702:

An age of progress?: clashing twentieth-century global forces

3972:. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific. p. 2388: 2156: 2081: 1398:, for their "false" epithets used "simply to make it rhyme." 974:

Countess Varvara Lvovna Tolstaya (1875–1875), died in infancy

763: 727: 409: 252: 218: 180: 8779:

Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences

8316: 4780:

The Chinese Translation of Russian Literature: Three Studies

4738:

Cohen, Robert S.; Stachel, J.J.; Wartofsky, Marx W. (1974).

1799:

and many others, took the anarchist position as regards the

8769:

Foreign members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

4680: 2119: 2077: 1516: 758:, a family estate 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of 427: 5024: 5022: 3274: 1995:

movement. He was impressed by the pacifist beliefs of the

1317:

in prose) therefore did not qualify. Tolstoy thought that

971:

Count Nikolai Lvovich Tolstoy (1874–1875), died in infancy

451: 1914:

in South Africa. Both men also believed in the merits of

1015:

However, their later life together has been described by

792:. Tolstoy served as a young artillery officer during the 8809:

19th-century non-fiction writers from the Russian Empire

8644:

19th-century short story writers from the Russian Empire

4744:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 606–. 4313:, in Mathai, M. P.; John, M.S.; Joseph, Siby K. (eds.), 3806:

Government is Violence: essays on anarchism and pacifism

3410:

Secular Virtue: for surviving, thriving, and fulfillment

2012:

in a failed attempt to make a joint pacifist statement.

1860:

to his readers, while rejecting anarchism's espousal of

977:

Count Andrei Lvovich Tolstoy (1877–1916), served in the

968:

Count Peter Lvovich Tolstoy (1872–1873), died in infancy

550:. His fiction includes dozens of short stories such as " 5019: 3888: 3375: 3373: 1754:

Tolstoy had a profound influence on the development of

1418:, exclaimed, "What an artist and what a psychologist!" 1179:. His experiences in battle helped stir his subsequent 5316:

Ethical Vegetarianism: From Pythagoras to Peter Singer

2458:

as Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated for

1401: 1144:

Tolstoy's earliest works, the autobiographical novels

686:

as arriving "from Nemec, from the lands of Caesar" to

4737: 4395:. Johnson Reprint Corporation. pp. 25, 44, 107. 3855:

G. Lukacs. "Tolstoy and the Development of Realism".

1737:, who was one of the first anthropologists to refute 766:

Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1794–1837), a veteran of the

433: 8829:

People excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church

7227:

The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism

3470:, in M.P. Mathai; M.S. John; Siby K. Joseph (eds.), 3384:. New Delhi: Rupa Publications. pp. xviii–xxi. 3370: 2515: 2024:. He incorporated it approvingly into works such as 1781:

wrote of Tolstoy in the article on anarchism in the

1050:. Leo Tolstoy's last surviving grandchild, Countess 962:

Countess Maria Lvovna Tolstaya (1871–1906), wife of

648:

called Tolstoy "the greatest of all novelists", and

454: 448: 436: 430: 424: 8799:

Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

6349:

open digital version of 90 volumes of Tolstoy works

4315:

Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift

3964: 3472:

Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift

1577:

is also expressed by that utterance of the Savior (

445: 421: 6232:, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1911 at Internet Archive 4288: 4235: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 2925:. New York: Penguin Books. p. 115 et passim. 2146:Whilst on his vegetarian diet, Tolstoy was eating 1956:(which included Russia) in the Boxer Rebellion in 1406:Tolstoy's contemporaries paid him lofty tributes. 1023:When he was finishing up the last installments of 895:secret police. However, as a direct forerunner to 8634:19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire 4634: 8629:19th-century journalists from the Russian Empire 8585: 4819:Beyond Suffering: Recounting War in Modern China 4731: 4641:Tolstoy, Leo; Christian, Reginald Frank (1978). 4640: 3712:(with a list of Leo Tolstoy's descendants), 1998 3174:The Liberation of Tolstoy: A Tale of Two Writers 947:(1864–1950), wife of Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin 8954:Russian military personnel of the Caucasian War 8664:20th-century Russian dramatists and playwrights 5994:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965. p. 117. 5408:. EJ Simmons – 1946 – Little, Brown and Company 5150: 5148: 5146: 5032:The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 4245:. International Political Science Association. 3835:. United Kingdom: Random House. p. xviii. 3833:War and Peace (Vintage Classic Russians Series) 3710:The Lev Tolstoy House-Museum In Yasnaya Polyana 3291: 3103: 2468:, made in 1912 just two years after his death, 796:and was in Sevastopol during the 11-month-long 8889:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class 8639:19th-century novelists from the Russian Empire 8624:19th-century educators from the Russian Empire 4809: 3885:. – On Life and Essays on Religion, 1934. 3315:. Macmillan Publishers Limited. Archived from 2171:, a boiled or fried potato and an apple prune 1918:, the subject of several of Tolstoy's essays. 1441:declared him "the greatest of all novelists." 8959:Russian military personnel of the Crimean War 8495: 8407: 8302: 8069: 7907: 7644: 7589:Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 7306: 6416: 5990:Wallace, Irving, 'Everybody's Rover Boy', in 5377:. University of New Hampshire Press. p. 279. 5318:. State University of New York Press. p. 97. 5262: 5260: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 4671:Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 1998. p. 181 4613: 4581:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 194–. 4466: 4330:Tolstoy and Gandhi, men of peace: a biography 2646: 1991:Tolstoy also became a major supporter of the 1680:during conflict. This idea in Tolstoy's book 1569:chose poverty and formal denial of the will: 1100: 1062:are among Leo Tolstoy's Swedish descendants. 694:of 3000 people. Indris was then converted to 62: 7061:Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich 6397:), Tolstoy's only known musical composition. 6346:Online project (readingtolstoy.ru) to create 5766: 5525:. Academic Studies Press. pp. 181–194. 5143: 4897:. The Nineteenth Century. pp. 494–514. 4620:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–. 4568: 4102:Tolstoy's Letter to A.A. Fet, 30 August 1869 4022:"Vladimir Nabokov Reads the Russian Masters" 3403: 3401: 2835: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2688:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 1465:; he questioned, however, the reputation of 713:, some researchers concluded that they were 5519:McLean, Hugh (2008). "A Clash of Utopias". 4860:https://doi.org/10.15829/2686-973X-2023-142 3958: 3746:"Persons ∙ Directory ∙ President of Russia" 3684:, Museumsforlaget, 2017, ISBN 9788283050455 3645: 3286:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 941:(1863–1947), composer and ethnomusicologist 8714:Children's writers from the Russian Empire 8502: 8488: 8414: 8400: 8309: 8295: 8076: 8062: 7914: 7900: 7651: 7637: 7313: 7299: 6423: 6409: 6244:, The Macmillan Company, 1919 at Wikiquote 5855: 5725: 5257: 5214: 4815: 4689:(Original from the University of Michigan) 4526:(Original from the University of Michigan) 4512:. Princeton University Press. p. 25. 4473:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37. 2879: 2645:In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as 2372: 2008:and wrote to the Japanese Buddhist priest 1952:Tolstoy denounced the intervention by the 546:(1855), based upon his experiences in the 73: 7143:Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II 5073:"A Great Iniquity," letter to the London 4953:Tolstoy: Principles For A New World Order 4885: 4770: 4607: 4382: 4258: 3989:"My Favourite Novelist and His Best Book" 3776:"Толстые / Телеканал "Россия – Культура"" 3693:"Tanja Paus och Sonja Ceder till minne," 3398: 3339: 3337: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3116:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 14. 3086: 2869:. M. K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence. 2694: 1208:and to some extent, Prince Nekhlyudov in 983:Count Michael Lvovich Tolstoy (1879–1944) 811:. Others who followed the same path were 706:after he moved from Chernigov to Moscow. 627:. He also became a dedicated advocate of 499:every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the 344: 8999:Writers about activism and social change 8794:Literary critics from the Russian Empire 8689:20th-century Russian short story writers 8649:20th-century Eastern Orthodox Christians 8609:19th-century Eastern Orthodox Christians 6282:) is being considered for deletion. See 6189: 5856:Gray, Stuart; Hughes, Thomas M. (2015). 5298:. Indiana University Press. pp. 99-100. 5294:. In Musya Glants, Joyce Toomre (1997). 5270:. In Musya Glants, Joyce Toomre (1997). 5243:. In Musya Glants, Joyce Toomre (1997). 5158:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 37-38. 5119: 4574: 4364:. Preface to the Russian translation of 3894: 3599:Tolstoy and the Genesis of War and Peace 3345:Ten Things You Didn't Know About Tolstoy 3224: 3165: 3163: 3144:Vitold Rummel, Vladimir Golubtsov (1886) 3109: 3052: 2624:, which corresponds to the romanization 2436:A 2009 film about Tolstoy's final year, 2259: 2247: 2236: 2182: 1874: 1830: 1818: 1656: 1520: 1517:Ethical, political and religious beliefs 1104: 1069:museum since 1994 and an adviser to the 986:Count Alexei Lvovich Tolstoy (1881–1886) 921: 741: 472:[ˈlʲefnʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕtɐlˈstoj] 8929:Russian male dramatists and playwrights 8844:Philanthropists from the Russian Empire 7282: 6146: 6008: 5858:"Gandhi's Devotional Political Thought" 5721: 5719: 5573: 5448: 5247:. Indiana University Press. pp. 81-91. 4687:. Vol. 19. Blackwell. p. 115. 4529: 4342: 4181:"Why Leo Tolstoy Wouldn't Supersize It" 4178: 3830: 3491: 3432: 3379: 2948: 2923:Ludwig Wittgenstein: the duty of genius 2272:Although Leo Tolstoy was regarded as a 1972:most responsible for the atrocities as 8974:Schoolteachers from the Russian Empire 8784:Letter writers from the Russian Empire 8586: 6575:Walk in the Light While There is Light 6366: 6096: 6085: 6035: 5922: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5631: 5629: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5028: 4919: 4183:. Coastlinejournal.com. Archived from 4139: 3947:. Moscow: Zakharov, 352 pages, p. 29. 3564: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3520: 3456: 3334: 3310:"Author Data Sheet, Macmillan Readers" 3185: 3130: 3053:Lichtman, Marshall A. (31 July 2022). 2990: 2861: 2777: 2733:from the original on 28 September 2018 1749: 1729:In 1886, Tolstoy wrote to the Russian 1342:Christian philosophy which led to his 995:Count Ivan Lvovich Tolstoy (1888–1895) 8483: 8395: 8290: 8057: 7895: 7632: 7294: 7281: 6404: 6354:Newspaper clippings about Leo Tolstoy 6217:Trotsky's 1908 tribute to Leo Tolstoy 6196:The Slavonic and East European Review 6161: 6060: 5464: 5349:Glants, Musya; Toomre, Joyce (1997). 4776: 4505: 4427: 4388: 4327: 4317:, New Delhi: Concept, pp. 96–112 4305: 4292:Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel 4289:Woodcock, G.; Avakumović, I. (1990). 4058: 4040:from the original on 10 December 2022 4019: 3986: 3911:Russian Book for Reading in 4 Volumes 3579:from the original on 28 February 2010 3474:, New Delhi: Concept, pp. 96–112 3462: 3441:from the original on 10 November 2006 3407: 3160: 3021: 3003:from the original on 28 December 2023 2986: 2984: 2944: 2942: 2850:from the original on 20 November 2012 2808: 2619: 2618:Tolstoy pronounced his first name as 1879:Tolstoy in his study in 1908 (age 80) 1611:In 1884, Tolstoy wrote a book called 860:. Tolstoy read Hugo's newly finished 470: 8849:Philosophers from the Russian Empire 6206: 6121: 5791: 5580:The Slavic and East European Journal 5417: 5357:. Indiana University Press. p. xvi. 4977:from the original on 23 January 2016 4950: 4932:from the original on 3 November 2019 4901:from the original on 3 November 2019 4870: 4816:Flath, James; Smith, Norman (2011). 4698: 4669:The Russians and the Anglo Boer War. 3987:Doyle, Arthur Conan (January 1898). 3857:Marxists on Literature: An Anthology 3225:Robinson, Harlow (6 November 1983). 3034:from the original on 31 October 2020 2920: 2883:The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr 2773: 2771: 2754: 2750: 2748: 1552:The World as Will and Representation 1169:in an artillery regiment during the 843:. He later instilled the concept in 770:, and Princess Mariya Tolstaya (née 518:(1878), often cited as pinnacles of 8994:Translators from the Russian Empire 8704:Art critics from the Russian Empire 5972:from the original on 28 August 2023 5844: 5778: 5696: 5635: 5626: 5509: 5497:from the original on 15 August 2021 5355:Food in Russian History and Culture 5296:Food in Russian History and Culture 5274:. Indiana University Press. p. 98. 5272:Food in Russian History and Culture 5245:Food in Russian History and Culture 5088: 4535: 4351:from the original on 28 August 2019 4207:"Nicholas Maclay: Russian Polymath" 4179:Sommers, Aaron (8 September 2009). 4001:from the original on 6 October 2017 3980: 3553: 2841: 2629: 2343:People's Commissariat for Education 2300: 2229:to fellow passengers on the train. 2113:Tolstoy first became interested in 1402:Critical appraisal by other authors 13: 6655:Recollections of a Billiard-marker 6298:Works by Leo Tolstoy in eBook form 6186:(Lanham: Lexington, 2012). 179 pp. 6029: 5904:from the original on 20 April 2021 5832:from the original on 20 April 2021 5754:from the original on 22 March 2024 5684:from the original on 20 April 2021 5614:from the original on 20 April 2021 5555:from the original on 20 April 2021 5430:from the original on 28 March 2013 5207:Christian, Reginald Frank (1985). 5045:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1997.tb02664.x 4836:from the original on 22 March 2024 4797:from the original on 22 March 2024 4758:from the original on 22 March 2024 4719:from the original on 22 March 2024 4667:Apollon Davidson, Irina Filatova. 4617:The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy 4595:from the original on 22 March 2024 4556:from the original on 22 March 2024 4542:. World Scientific. pp. 10–. 4516:from the original on 22 March 2024 4487:from the original on 22 March 2024 4470:The Cambridge companion to Tolstoy 4448:from the original on 22 March 2024 4409:from the original on 22 March 2024 4160:from the original on 22 March 2024 4130:. Cambridge University Press, 2002 4128:The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy 4020:Frank, Joseph (15 November 1981). 3601:, Cornell University Press, 1996, 3541:from the original on 22 March 2024 3502:from the original on 22 March 2024 3382:Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration 3237:from the original on 21 April 2017 3206:from the original on 22 March 2024 2981: 2939: 2647: 2470:How Fine, How Fresh the Roses Were 2414:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles 2392:(1952). It was also the basis for 2312:Alexandra (Sasha) L'vovna Tolstaya 1906:also helped to convince Gandhi of 990:Countess Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya 737: 14: 9010: 8819:Novelists from the Russian Empire 8764:Essayists from the Russian Empire 8679:20th-century Russian male writers 6286:to help reach a consensus. › 6256: 6089:Count Leo Tolstoy: A New Portrait 6001: 5191:. Schocken Books. p. 22, p. 153. 4891:"Some of the Resources of Canada" 4856:Russian Journal of Church History 4217:from the original on 28 June 2022 3819:Tolstoy: The Making of a Novelist 3756:from the original on 11 June 2015 3433:Tolstoy, Leo (14 December 1908). 3059:Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal 2778:Popova, Maria (30 January 2012). 2768: 2745: 1394:, he criticised poets, including 593:, caused him to become a fervent 8949:Russian male short story writers 8674:20th-century Russian journalists 7262: 7261: 7003:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 6920:The Light Shines in the Darkness 6368:Wright, Charles Theodore Hagberg 6332: 6225:The Life of Tolstoy: Later years 5984: 5954: 5916: 5567: 5458: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5367: 5343: 5340:. Praja Printers Private. p. 202 5328: 5308: 5178:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 73 5127:. anti-state.com. Archived from 5007:from the original on 31 May 2015 4928:. Journal of Mennonite Studies. 4922:"Leo Tolstoy and the Mennonites" 3937:Diary of Leo Tolstoy's Secretary 3022:Hedin, Naboth (1 October 1950). 2823:from the original on 16 May 2023 2764:. Facts On File. pp. 13–16. 2546: 2532: 2518: 2329:In the 1920s, Tolstoy's estate, 2187:Tolstoy's grave with flowers at 2108: 1904:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 1809:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 1683:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 1633:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 1254: 1243: 1232: 1073:on cultural affairs since 2012. 959:(1869–1945), writer and sculptor 945:Countess Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya 910: 889:emancipated from serfdom in 1861 678:were a well-known family of old 608:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 417: 387: 368: 8969:Russian vegetarianism activists 8749:Deaths from pneumonia in Russia 6430: 6192:"Tolstoy through American eyes" 6190:Lednicki, Waclaw (April 1947). 6147:Simmons, Ernest Joseph (1946). 5284: 5201: 5181: 5168: 5113: 5093:Social Problems by Henry George 5082: 5067: 4989: 4959: 4944: 4920:Miller, Levi (1 January 1998). 4913: 4879: 4864: 4848: 4692: 4674: 4661: 4499: 4460: 4421: 4336: 4321: 4299: 4282: 4252: 4229: 4199: 4172: 4133: 4120: 4105: 4096: 4073: 4052: 4013: 3923: 3900: 3875: 3862: 3849: 3824: 3811: 3798: 3768: 3738: 3715: 3702: 3687: 3671: 3639: 3611: 3591: 3565:Jacoby, Susan (19 April 1981). 3514: 3485: 3426: 3357: 3268: 3249: 3218: 3179: 3046: 3015: 2914: 2900: 2809:Beard, Mary (5 November 2013). 2790:from the original on 5 May 2020 2500: 2419:The Adventures of Young Indiana 2167:bread, cabbage or potato soup, 1606: 1540: 1513:as the greatest of all novels. 1313:(which is to Tolstoy really an 340: 8684:20th-century Russian novelists 8669:20th-century Russian educators 6837:A Dialogue Among Clever People 6788:How Much Land Does a Man Need? 6760:Evil Allures, But Good Endures 5726:Croskey, Robert M. (c. 2008). 5396:. VG Chertkov. 1922. Heinemann 5373:LeBlanc, Ronald Denis (2009). 4875:. No. 79. pp. 38–44. 3920:. Moscow: Aegitas, 381 pages. 2873: 2802: 2669: 2653:pre-reform Russian orthography 2639: 2632:Lectures on Russian literature 2612: 1741:, the view that the different 1414:, on reading a translation of 1085:deputy since 2016. His cousin 1: 6823:The Two Brothers and the Gold 6697:God Sees the Truth, But Waits 6316:Works by or about Leo Tolstoy 6271: 6086:Dillon, Emile Joseph (1934). 5334:Satchidananda, Swami (1979). 5176:Tolstoy Remembered by His Son 4614:Tussing Orwin, Donna (2002). 4575:Campbell, Heather M. (2009). 4467:Tussing Orwin, Donna (2002). 4237:Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre 2662: 2493:visited Yasnaya Polyana with 2442:, based on the 1990 novel by 2398:(2022), with a screenplay by 2099:Zlaia zabava: Mysli ob okhote 1883: 964:Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky 835:was bolstered when he read a 747: 631:, the economic philosophy of 605:, expressed in such works as 32:Eastern Slavic naming customs 8919:Russian historical novelists 8839:People from Tula Governorate 8744:Counts of the Russian Empire 8467:The Sun Also Shines at Night 7135:Departure of a Grand Old Man 6704:The Prisoner of the Caucasus 6061:Bloom, Harold, ed. (2009) . 6013:. Cornell University Press. 6009:Nickell, William S. (2011). 5418:Meek, James (22 July 2010). 4822:. UBC Press. pp. 125–. 4644:Tolstoy's Letters: 1880–1910 4260:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch 4140:Andrew, Joe (18 June 1982). 3821:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3527:. W.W. Norton. p. xxi. 2993:"The greatest of all novels" 2465:Departure of a Grand Old Man 2348: 2305:From Tolstoy's writings the 1870:anarchist thinkers in Russia 1784:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 1499:Anna Karenina, Anna Karenina 939:Count Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy 25:Lev Tolstoy (disambiguation) 7: 8964:Russian opinion journalists 8904:Russian Christian pacifists 8789:19th-century letter writers 8659:20th-century letter writers 6928:The Fruits of Enlightenment 6358:20th Century Press Archives 6331:(public domain audiobooks) 5209:Tolstoy's Diaries: Volume 1 5154:Bartlett, Rosamund (2011). 4705:. Anthem Press. p. 3. 4431:The Bear Watches the Dragon 3970:Fyodor Dostoyevsky: A Study 3227:"Six Centuries of Tolstoys" 3110:Bartlett, Rosamund (2011). 2811:"Facing death with Tolstoy" 2511: 2478:, directed by and starring 2429:(1996), he is portrayed by 2425:. In the made for TV movie 2243:Castlegar, British Columbia 2015: 1862:violent revolutionary means 1845:Aleksandr Osipovich Drankov 1109:Portrait of Leo Tolstoy by 10: 9015: 8869:Philosophers of literature 7434:Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov 5923:Simone, R. Thomas (1975). 3437:. The Literature Network. 2991:Morson, Gary Saul (2019). 2504: 2072:Tolstoy was introduced to 2067: 1933:and Lao Zi. Tolstoy wrote 1525:Tolstoy on 23 May 1908 at 1321:was his first true novel. 1101:Novels and fictional works 951:Count Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy 800:in 1854–55, including the 667: 663: 30:In this name that follows 29: 18: 16:Russian writer (1828–1910) 8859:Philosophers of education 8524: 8434: 8330: 8259: 8240: 8213: 8098: 8027: 7936: 7861: 7830: 7793: 7673: 7599: 7572: 7537: 7502: 7470:French invasion of Russia 7442: 7396: 7335: 7288: 7257: 7218: 7190: 7111: 7070: 7044: 7026:The Inevitable Revolution 6954: 6895: 6865:Work, Death, and Sickness 6844:The Coffee-House of Surat 6641:The Cutting of the Forest 6625: 6526: 6451: 6438: 6395:Page on Russian Knowledge 6342:at the Internet Book List 6249:Why we fail as Christians 6237:Why We Fail as Christians 6209:Tolstoy His Life and Work 6155:Little, Brown and Company 6122:Rowe, William W. (1986). 5929:Literature/Film Quarterly 5810:10.1521/siso.2014.78.1.41 4428:Lukin, Alexander (2003). 3817:Edward Crankshaw (1974), 3024:"Winning the Nobel Prize" 2577:Leo Tolstoy and Theosophy 2232: 2097:'s anti-hunting pamphlet 2060:institutions such as the 1471:, and sharply criticized 1453:heaped superlatives upon 957:Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy 503:in 1901, 1902, and 1909. 497:Nobel Prize in Literature 463: 376: 367: 362: 354: 325: 314: 304: 296: 286: 267: 173: 165: 157:Imperial Kazan University 152: 137: 129: 108: 84: 72: 63: 57: 8939:Russian male journalists 8924:Russian magazine editors 8894:Russian-language writers 8879:Philosophers of religion 8754:Eastern Orthodox writers 8734:Christianity and society 8516:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 7616:War and Peace: 1796–1815 7172:Story of One Appointment 6567:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 6284:templates for discussion 5862:Philosophy East and West 5394:The last days of Tolstoy 5174:Tolstoy, Sergei (1961). 4699:Moss, Walter G. (2008). 4536:Lee, Khoon Choy (2005). 4376:24 November 2010 at the 4114:Parerga and Paralipomena 4091:Tolstoy Studies Journal, 3859:, London: Penguin, 1977. 3727:23 February 2019 at the 3708:Nikolaj Pavlovič Puzin, 3567:"The Wife of the Genius" 3492:Tolstoy, Lev N. (1904). 3288:, 1890–1907 (in Russian) 3261:12 December 2017 at the 3153:12 December 2017 at the 2967:10.1353/ner.2023.a901453 2910:, 1999, David Halberstam 2860:Originally published in 2648:Левъ Николаевичъ Толстой 2605: 2572:Leo Tolstoy bibliography 2507:Leo Tolstoy bibliography 2379:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 2178: 1929:, and read the works of 1735:Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay 1718:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 1619:, and the injunction to 1456:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 1384:Russian Book for Reading 1330:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 1138:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 719:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 561:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 483:; 9 September [ 413:Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy 21:Tolstoy (disambiguation) 8864:Philosophers of history 8854:Philosophers of culture 8834:People from Tula Oblast 7876:Anna Karenina principle 7239:Aylmer and Louise Maude 6383:Encyclopædia Britannica 6097:Moulin, Daniel (2014). 6044:Oxford University Press 5738:2027/mdp.39015080856431 5574:Emerson, Caryl (2016). 5531:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsjx2.15 5314:Portmess, Lisa (1999). 5187:Citati, Pietro (1986). 5156:Tolstoy: A Russian Life 4783:. Brill. pp. 14–. 4275:Encyclopædia Britannica 3722:Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy 3620:War and Peace and Sonya 3408:Walsh, William (2018). 3113:Tolstoy: A Russian Life 2846:. Stanford University. 2726:Encyclopædia Britannica 2582:List of peace activists 2567:Christian vegetarianism 2485:There is also a famous 2446:, was made by director 2373:In films and television 2359:1905 Russian Revolution 2279:subsistence agriculture 1888:In 1908, Tolstoy wrote 1664:and other residents of 1348:Russian Orthodox Church 1285:to the battlefields of 1032:1905 Russian Revolution 746:Leo Tolstoy at age 20, 658:Nobel Prize controversy 133:Yasnaya Polyana, Russia 8944:Russian male novelists 8934:Russian male essayists 8884:Political philosophers 8654:20th-century essayists 8614:19th-century essayists 8123:A Woman's Resurrection 7455:Battle of Schöngrabern 7244:Translators of Tolstoy 6963:A History of Yesterday 6207:Leon, Derrick (1944). 6162:Zorin, Andrei (2020). 5471:The Independent Review 5465:Higgs, Robert (2015). 5424:London Review of Books 5337:Gospel of Swami Ramdas 5211:. Athlone Press. p. 47 4059:Bloom, Harold (1994). 3872:, Chatto & Windus. 3280:6 January 2017 at the 3186:Troyat, Henri (2001). 2867:World Without Violence 2562:Anarchism and religion 2285:scholar and historian 2269: 2257: 2245: 2191: 1880: 1849: 1828: 1817: 1669: 1604: 1537: 1535:Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky 1114: 934: 917:Sophia Andreevna Behrs 874:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 802:Battle of the Chernaya 751: 617:Martin Luther King Jr. 576:(1912). He also wrote 554:" (1911), and several 464:Лев Николаевич Толстой 8814:Nonviolence advocates 8724:Christian vegetarians 8446:(1918 Russian silent) 7429:Alexander I of Russia 7397:Historical characters 6904:The Power of Darkness 6746:Where Love Is, God Is 6535:A Landowner's Morning 6105:Bloomsbury Publishing 6036:Bayley, John (1997). 5874:10.1353/pew.2015.0051 5798:Science & Society 5792:Boer, Roland (2014). 5091:"Preface to the book 4971:www.wealthandwant.com 4343:Tolstoy, Leo (1892). 4213:. 29 September 2020. 4117:, Vol. II, § 170 3943:22 March 2024 at the 3916:22 March 2024 at the 3870:Tolstoy and the Novel 3521:Wilson, A.N. (2001). 2951:"First Recollections" 2949:Tolstoy, Leo (2023). 2263: 2251: 2241:Statue of Tolstoy in 2240: 2186: 1986:To the Chinese people 1962:Filipino-American War 1954:Eight-Nation Alliance 1908:nonviolent resistance 1878: 1842: 1822: 1789: 1660: 1593:, the founder of the 1571: 1524: 1283:Alexander I of Russia 1224:The Power of Darkness 1192:(1863) describes the 1129:and novellas such as 1108: 925: 768:Patriotic War of 1812 745: 717:who arrived from the 603:nonviolent resistance 206:children's literature 8914:Russian Esperantists 8874:Philosophers of mind 8719:Christian anarchists 8043:String Quartet No. 1 7460:Battle of Austerlitz 7336:Fictional characters 7034:A Calendar of Wisdom 6373:"Tolstoy, Leo" 6325:Works by Leo Tolstoy 6307:Works by Leo Tolstoy 6211:. London: Routledge. 5992:The Sunday Gentleman 4777:Gamsa, Mark (2008). 4506:Bodde, Derk (1950). 4389:Bodde, Derk (1967). 4328:Green, M.B. (1983). 4311:"Gandhi and Tolstoy" 4085:28 June 2018 at the 3831:Tolstoy, L. (2011). 3804:Leo Tolstoy (1990), 3647:MacFarquhar, Larissa 3468:"Gandhi and Tolstoy" 3380:Rajaram, M. (2009). 3256:Tolstoy coat of arms 2681:4 March 2016 at the 1943:Hundred Day's Reform 1686:directly influenced 1668:, South Africa, 1910 1621:turn the other cheek 1281:, from the court of 1165:Tolstoy served as a 1052:Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus 905:democratic education 878:La Guerre et la Paix 754:Tolstoy was born at 723:Chernigov Chronicles 8979:Social philosophers 8339:The Weakness of Man 8036:The Kreutzer Sonata 8017:The Kreutzer Sonata 8009:The Kreutzer Sonata 7985:The Kreutzer Sonata 7977:The Kreutzer Sonata 7969:The Kreutzer Sonata 7961:The Kreutzer Sonata 7953:The Kreutzer Sonata 7945:The Kreutzer Sonata 7928:The Kreutzer Sonata 7494:Great Comet of 1811 7283:Associated subjects 7129:Christian anarchism 7019:A Letter to a Hindu 6995:What Is to Be Done? 6979:The Gospel in Brief 6944:The Cause of It All 6912:The First Distiller 6739:An Old Acquaintance 6648:Sevastopol Sketches 6583:The Kreutzer Sonata 6069:Infobase Publishing 5636:Any, Carol (1990). 5522:In Quest of Tolstoy 5290:LeBlanc, Ronald D. 5266:LeBlanc, Ronald D. 5239:LeBlanc, Ronald D. 4211:Harbourtrust.gov.au 4187:on 23 November 2017 3966:Aimée Dostoyevskaya 3750:President of Russia 3627:on 23 December 2019 3350:19 May 2023 at the 2842:Hellman, Martin E. 2630:Nabokov, Vladimir. 2592:Henry David Thoreau 2495:Albert J. Beveridge 2452:Christopher Plummer 2427:Travels with Father 2274:Christian anarchist 2264:Bust of Tolstoy in 2252:Bust of Tolstoy in 1891:A Letter to a Hindu 1823:Tolstoy organising 1756:Christian anarchist 1750:Christian anarchism 1733:and anthropologist 1705:The Kreutzer Sonata 1703:and his preface to 1617:Sermon on the Mount 1480:The Kreutzer Sonata 1335:What Is to Be Done? 1176:Sevastopol Sketches 1173:, recounted in his 1077:'s great-grandson, 1071:President of Russia 1040:Lev Lvovich Tolstoy 953:(1866–1933), writer 930:and their daughter 850:A Letter to a Hindu 798:siege of Sevastopol 711:Demetrius I Starshy 704:Vasily II of Moscow 660:, and remains one. 625:Ludwig Wittgenstein 595:Christian anarchist 591:Sermon on the Mount 543:Sevastopol Sketches 383:Leo Tolstoy's voice 274:Christian anarchism 8899:Russian anarchists 8241:Other performances 8001:Prelude to Madness 7475:Battle of Borodino 7465:Treaties of Tilsit 7203:Tolstoj quadrangle 7146:(1928 documentary) 7124:Tolstoyan movement 6830:A Lost Opportunity 6767:Wisdom of Children 6725:Diary of a Lunatic 6690:The Porcelain Doll 6168:. Reaktion Books. 5131:on 18 October 2017 5101:on 15 January 2013 4858:. 2023;4(4):6-27. 4684:The Russian review 4370:The Ethics of Diet 4080:"Tolstoy in Color" 3907:Leo Tolstoy (1874) 3868:J. Bayley (1967), 3597:Feuer, Kathryn B. 3572:The New York Times 3231:The New York Times 3071:10.5041/RMMJ.10479 2955:New England Review 2921:Monk, Ray (1991). 2587:Tolstoyan movement 2341:– the head of the 2339:Anatoly Luncharsky 2307:Tolstoyan movement 2270: 2258: 2246: 2192: 2132:The Ethics of Diet 2006:Russo-Japanese War 1881: 1866:anarchist violence 1850: 1829: 1670: 1662:Mohandas K. Gandhi 1538: 1435:Arthur Conan Doyle 1408:Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1338:develop a radical 1115: 1054:, died in 2007 at 1036:October Revolution 979:Russo-Japanese War 935: 752: 123:Ryazan Governorate 8729:Christian writers 8709:Burials in Russia 8699:Anarcho-pacifists 8694:Anarchist writers 8581: 8580: 8575: 8574: 8477: 8476: 8389: 8388: 8379:The Living Corpse 8355:The Living Corpse 8323:The Living Corpse 8284: 8283: 8051: 8050: 7889: 7888: 7812:The Beautiful Lie 7738:The River of Love 7626: 7625: 7619:(2002 video game) 7611:(1980 board game) 7573:Other adaptations 7557:(2007 miniseries) 7485:Battle of Krasnoi 7424:Fyodor Rostopchin 7358:Marya Bolkonskaya 7275: 7274: 7234:Vladimir Chertkov 6936:The Living Corpse 6781:Promoting a Devil 6774:The Three Hermits 6615:The Forged Coupon 6311:Project Gutenberg 6130:Twayne Publishers 6020:978-0-8014-6254-2 5775:February 15, 1987 5592:10.30851/60.2.007 5540:978-1-934843-02-4 5383:978-1-58465-767-5 5121:Foldvary, Fred E. 5001:Prosper Australia 4951:Redfearn, David. 4829:978-0-7748-1957-2 4790:978-90-04-16844-2 4751:978-90-277-0393-4 4712:978-1-84331-301-4 4654:978-0-485-71172-1 4627:978-0-521-52000-3 4588:978-1-61530-016-7 4549:978-981-256-618-8 4509:Tolstoy and China 4480:978-0-521-52000-3 4441:978-0-7656-1026-3 4392:Tolstoy and China 4307:Parel, Anthony J. 4265:"Anarchism" 4062:The Western Canon 3994:Munsey's Magazine 3953:978-5-8159-1435-3 3931:Valentin Bulgakov 3696:Svenska Dagbladet 3534:978-0-393-32122-7 3464:Parel, Anthony J. 3419:978-06-920-5418-5 3391:978-81-291-1467-9 3199:978-0-8021-3768-5 2997:The New Criterion 2932:978-0-14-015995-0 2893:978-0-520-24239-5 2844:"Resist Not Evil" 2417:, later retitled 2411:television show, 2323:Russian Civil War 2316:Vladimir Chertkov 2295:Henri Saint-Simon 2095:Vladimir Chertkov 1978:Kaiser Wilhelm II 1840: 1767:Vladimir Chertkov 1674:Great Commandment 1591:Francis of Assisi 1583:voluntary poverty 1575:eternal salvation 1558:In Chapter VI of 1396:Alexander Pushkin 1392:Valentin Bulgakov 1295:Decembrist revolt 1264:2015 at Vienna's 1167:second lieutenant 901:Summerhill School 696:Eastern Orthodoxy 540:(1852–1856), and 501:Nobel Peace Prize 407: 406: 393: 297:Years active 287:Literary movement 161: 146:religious thinker 9006: 8909:Russian diarists 8504: 8497: 8490: 8481: 8480: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8393: 8392: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8288: 8287: 8203:Anantha Rathriya 8078: 8071: 8064: 8055: 8054: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7870:Android Karenina 7653: 7646: 7639: 7630: 7629: 7530:(1966–67 series) 7414:Barclay de Tolly 7348:Andrei Bolkonsky 7315: 7308: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7279: 7278: 7265: 7264: 7249:Tolstoy scholars 7159:The Last Station 6809:Croesus and Fate 6732:Quench the Spark 6718:What Men Live By 6551:Family Happiness 6425: 6418: 6411: 6402: 6401: 6391:Waltz in F major 6387: 6375: 6336: 6335: 6320:Internet Archive 6267:Internet Archive 6212: 6203: 6182:Craraft, James. 6179: 6175:978-17891-4256-3 6158: 6143: 6139:978-08057-6623-3 6118: 6114:978-14725-0484-5 6093: 6082: 6078:978-14381-1328-9 6057: 6053:978-07463-0744-1 6024: 5995: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5853: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5789: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5723: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5633: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5462: 5456: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5426:. pp. 3–8. 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5371: 5365: 5347: 5341: 5332: 5326: 5312: 5306: 5288: 5282: 5264: 5255: 5237: 5212: 5205: 5199: 5185: 5179: 5172: 5166: 5152: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5123:(15 July 2001). 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5097:. 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Basic Books. 4320: 4298: 4281: 4270:Chisholm, Hugh 4251: 4228: 4198: 4171: 4153:978-1349044184 4152: 4132: 4119: 4111:Schopenhauer, 4104: 4095: 4072: 4067:Harcourt Brace 4051: 4012: 3979: 3957: 3922: 3899: 3897:, p. 369. 3887: 3874: 3861: 3848: 3842:978-1446484166 3841: 3823: 3810: 3797: 3767: 3737: 3714: 3701: 3686: 3682:Familien Ibsen 3670: 3663: 3638: 3610: 3590: 3552: 3533: 3513: 3484: 3455: 3425: 3418: 3412:. Will Walsh. 3397: 3390: 3369: 3367:(1988), p. 146 3356: 3333: 3290: 3267: 3248: 3217: 3198: 3178: 3159: 3129: 3123:978-0547545875 3122: 3102: 3045: 3014: 2980: 2961:(2): 180–182. 2938: 2931: 2913: 2899: 2892: 2872: 2865:, ed. (1994). 2834: 2816:The New Yorker 2801: 2767: 2744: 2693: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2638: 2634:. p. 216. 2621:[lʲɵf] 2610: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2543: 2529: 2513: 2510: 2505:Main article: 2502: 2499: 2400:Kazuo Ishiguro 2384:Akira Kurosawa 2374: 2371: 2354:Vladimir Lenin 2350: 2347: 2321:Following the 2302: 2299: 2234: 2231: 2180: 2177: 2153:Vasily Rozanov 2140:slaughterhouse 2136:The First Step 2110: 2107: 2069: 2066: 2062:justice system 2017: 2014: 1935:Chinese Wisdom 1885: 1882: 1777:. Philosopher 1751: 1748: 1723:Master and Man 1709:Father Sergius 1700:Father Sergius 1688:Mahatma Gandhi 1631:. In his work 1613:What I Believe 1608: 1605: 1566:denial of self 1545:After reading 1542: 1539: 1518: 1515: 1439:Virginia Woolf 1424:Matthew Arnold 1403: 1400: 1263: 1262: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1214:Richard Pevear 1102: 1099: 997: 996: 993: 987: 984: 981: 975: 972: 969: 966: 960: 954: 948: 942: 912: 909: 863:Les Misérables 845:Mahatma Gandhi 837:German version 739: 736: 670:Tolstoy family 668:Main article: 665: 662: 646:Virginia Woolf 613:Mahatma Gandhi 552:After the Ball 405: 404: 397: 386: 381: 380: 379: 378: 377: 374: 373: 365: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 336: 330: 329: 327: 323: 322: 316: 315:Notable awards 312: 311: 306: 302: 301: 298: 294: 293: 288: 284: 283: 282: 281: 276: 269: 265: 264: 262: 261: 260:correspondence 258: 255: 250: 245: 240: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 154: 150: 149: 148: 147: 144: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 116:(aged 82) 110: 106: 105: 86: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 58: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9011: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8557:The Last Step 8554: 8551: 8550: 8546: 8544:(1985 Soviet) 8543: 8542: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8517: 8512: 8505: 8500: 8498: 8493: 8491: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8462:(1978 Soviet) 8461: 8460: 8456: 8454:(1945 French) 8453: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8428: 8424: 8417: 8412: 8410: 8405: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8394: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8373: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8312: 8307: 8305: 8300: 8298: 8293: 8292: 8289: 8276: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8163:We Live Again 8160: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8079: 8074: 8072: 8067: 8065: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8044: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8006: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7982: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7912: 7910: 7905: 7903: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7822: 7821: 7820:Volver a caer 7817: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7665:Anna Karenina 7661: 7654: 7649: 7647: 7642: 7640: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7608:War and Peace 7605: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7581:War and Peace 7578: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7565:(2016 series) 7564: 7563: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554:War and Peace 7551: 7549:(1972 series) 7548: 7547: 7546:War and Peace 7543: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7528: 7527:War and Peace 7524: 7521: 7520: 7519:War and Peace 7516: 7513: 7512: 7511:War and Peace 7508: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7328: 7327:War and Peace 7323: 7316: 7311: 7309: 7304: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7280: 7268: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7224: 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6722: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6711:The Bear Hunt 6708: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6662:The Snowstorm 6659: 6656: 6652: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626:Short stories 6624: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6500:Anna Karenina 6497: 6494: 6493: 6492:War and Peace 6489: 6486: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6421: 6419: 6414: 6412: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6330: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6242:Robert Hunter 6239: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6145: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6092:. Hutchinson. 6091: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6006: 5993: 5987: 5971: 5967: 5966:The A.V. Club 5963: 5957: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5515: 5513: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5363:0-253-33252-4 5360: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5339: 5338: 5331: 5325: 5324:0-7914-4043-5 5321: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5304:0-253-33252-4 5301: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5280:0-253-33252-4 5277: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5254: 5253:0-253-33252-4 5250: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5116: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5085: 5078: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5023: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4997:"Leo Tolstoy" 4992: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4954: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4900: 4896: 4895:revoltlib.com 4892: 4888: 4882: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4812: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4773: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4695: 4686: 4685: 4677: 4670: 4664: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4637: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4610: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4532: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4502: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4463: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4402:9780384048959 4398: 4394: 4393: 4385: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4331: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4255: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4136: 4129: 4123: 4116: 4115: 4108: 4099: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4055: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3895:Bartlett 2011 3891: 3884: 3878: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3844: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3801: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3705: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3666: 3664:9780143109785 3660: 3656: 3655:Penguin Books 3652: 3648: 3642: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3614: 3608: 3607:0-8014-1902-6 3604: 3600: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3517: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3488: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3452: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3374: 3366: 3363:A.N. Wilson, 3360: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3318: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3287: 3284:article from 3283: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3125: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3049: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2934: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2903: 2895: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2774: 2772: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2721:"Leo Tolstoy" 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2654: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2530: 2527: 2526:Russia portal 2516: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2491:Burton Holmes 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2434: 2432: 2431:Michael Gough 2428: 2424: 2423:Indiana Jones 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2280: 2275: 2267: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2239: 2230: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2199:"disciples". 2198: 2190: 2185: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2115:vegetarianism 2109:Vegetarianism 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2090:War and Peace 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1916:vegetarianism 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1900:colonial rule 1897: 1893: 1892: 1877: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1846: 1826: 1825:famine relief 1821: 1816: 1814: 1813:property laws 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1678:nonresistance 1675: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1579:Matthew 19:24 1576: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1514: 1512: 1511:War and Peace 1508: 1504: 1503:Anna Karenina 1500: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1468:War and Peace 1464: 1463: 1462:Anna Karenina 1458: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:Anton Chekhov 1417: 1416:War and Peace 1413: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:Volga-bogatyr 1372: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1361:In his novel 1359: 1357: 1356:Anna Karenina 1353: 1352:War and Peace 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1326:Anna Karenina 1322: 1320: 1319:Anna Karenina 1316: 1312: 1311:War and Peace 1308: 1304: 1303:War and Peace 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1274:War and Peace 1267: 1257: 1246: 1235: 1226: 1225: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206:Anna Karenina 1203: 1202:War and Peace 1199: 1198:Anna Karenina 1195: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1127: 1126:Anna Karenina 1122: 1121: 1120:War and Peace 1112: 1111:Ivan Kramskoi 1107: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:Pyotr Tolstoy 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1025:Anna Karenina 1021: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1010:War and Peace 1007: 1006:Anna Karenina 1003: 1002:War and Peace 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 980: 976: 973: 970: 967: 965: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 936: 933: 929: 924: 920: 918: 911:Personal life 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 882:War and Peace 879: 875: 871: 870: 869:War and Peace 865: 864: 859: 854: 852: 851: 847:through his " 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 825:Vasily Botkin 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 744: 735: 733: 729: 724: 720: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684:Pyotr Tolstoy 681: 677: 671: 661: 659: 655: 654:War and Peace 651: 647: 642: 640: 639: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 587: 581: 579: 575: 574: 569: 568: 563: 562: 557: 553: 549: 545: 544: 539: 538: 533: 532: 527: 526: 521: 517: 516: 515:Anna Karenina 511: 510: 509:War and Peace 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 479: 473: 459: 414: 411: 398:recorded 1908 384: 375: 371: 366: 361: 357: 353: 333: 328: 324: 320: 317: 313: 310: 307: 305:Notable works 303: 299: 295: 292: 289: 285: 280: 277: 275: 272: 271: 270: 266: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 248:autobiography 246: 244: 241: 239: 238:art criticism 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160:(dropped out) 158: 155: 151: 145: 142: 141: 140: 136: 132: 130:Resting place 128: 124: 120: 111: 107: 103: 99: 87: 83: 76: 71: 56: 53: 49: 45: 42: and the 41: 37: 33: 26: 22: 8563: 8555: 8547: 8539: 8531: 8514: 8510: 8465: 8457: 8451:Father Serge 8449: 8441: 8422: 8377: 8369: 8361: 8353: 8345: 8337: 8321: 8317: 8266: 8247: 8228: 8222:Risurrezione 8220: 8201: 8195:Resurrection 8193: 8187:Resurrection 8185: 8179:Resurrection 8177: 8171:Resurrection 8169: 8161: 8155:Resurrection 8153: 8147:Resurrection 8145: 8139:Resurrection 8137: 8131:Resurrection 8129: 8121: 8115:Resurrection 8113: 8107:Resurrection 8105: 8090:Resurrection 8088: 8084: 8034: 8015: 8007: 7999: 7991: 7983: 7975: 7967: 7959: 7951: 7943: 7926: 7922: 7868: 7843:1992 musical 7818: 7810: 7781: 7736: 7728: 7705: 7663: 7659: 7614: 7606: 7587: 7584:(1942 opera) 7580: 7561: 7553: 7545: 7526: 7518: 7510: 7383:Petya Rostov 7325: 7321: 7225: 7198:Tolstoy Farm 7178: 7170: 7162:(1990 novel) 7158: 7149: 7141: 7134: 7051: 7032: 7024: 7011:What Is Art? 7009: 7001: 6993: 6985: 6977: 6969: 6961: 6942: 6934: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6902: 6683:Three Deaths 6613: 6605: 6597: 6589: 6581: 6573: 6565: 6557: 6549: 6541: 6533: 6514: 6508:Resurrection 6506: 6498: 6490: 6484:The Cossacks 6482: 6474: 6466: 6458: 6443:Bibliography 6431: 6381: 6277: 6248: 6235: 6230:Aylmer Maude 6224: 6216: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6183: 6164: 6149: 6124: 6099: 6088: 6063: 6038: 6010: 6002:Bibliography 5991: 5986: 5974:. Retrieved 5965: 5956: 5944:. Retrieved 5932: 5928: 5918: 5906:. Retrieved 5865: 5861: 5834:. Retrieved 5804:(1): 41–60. 5801: 5797: 5768: 5756:. Retrieved 5728: 5686:. Retrieved 5645: 5641: 5616:. Retrieved 5583: 5579: 5569: 5557:. Retrieved 5521: 5499:. Retrieved 5474: 5470: 5460: 5449:Nickell 2011 5444: 5432:. Retrieved 5423: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5374: 5369: 5354: 5351:Introduction 5350: 5345: 5336: 5330: 5315: 5310: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5271: 5267: 5244: 5240: 5208: 5203: 5188: 5183: 5175: 5170: 5155: 5133:. Retrieved 5129:the original 5115: 5103:. Retrieved 5099:the original 5092: 5084: 5074: 5069: 5036: 5030: 5009:. Retrieved 5000: 4991: 4979:. Retrieved 4970: 4961: 4952: 4946: 4934:. Retrieved 4925: 4915: 4903:. Retrieved 4894: 4881: 4872: 4866: 4855: 4850: 4838:. Retrieved 4818: 4811: 4799:. Retrieved 4779: 4772: 4760:. Retrieved 4740: 4733: 4721:. Retrieved 4701: 4694: 4683: 4676: 4668: 4663: 4643: 4636: 4616: 4609: 4597:. Retrieved 4577: 4570: 4558:. 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Retrieved 2724: 2686: 2671: 2641: 2631: 2625: 2614: 2597: 2501:Bibliography 2484: 2473: 2472:(1913), and 2469: 2463: 2456:Helen Mirren 2437: 2435: 2426: 2418: 2412: 2408:George Lucas 2406: 2404: 2393: 2387: 2377: 2376: 2363: 2352: 2335: 2328: 2320: 2304: 2283: 2271: 2224: 2220: 2201: 2193: 2145: 2131: 2124: 2112: 2103:horse-riding 2098: 2089: 2071: 2054:Resurrection 2053: 2035: 2032:Henry George 2027:Resurrection 2025: 2019: 1990: 1985: 1970: 1951: 1934: 1920: 1903: 1896:independence 1889: 1887: 1851: 1808: 1790: 1782: 1760: 1753: 1728: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1681: 1671: 1666:Tolstoy Farm 1653: 1645:William Penn 1632: 1612: 1610: 1607:Christianity 1599: 1572: 1559: 1557: 1550: 1547:Schopenhauer 1544: 1541:Schopenhauer 1510: 1509:referred to 1502: 1498: 1488: 1485:Harold Bloom 1478: 1474:Resurrection 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1432: 1415: 1405: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1364:Resurrection 1362: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1310: 1302: 1273: 1272: 1222: 1210:Resurrection 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1189:The Cossacks 1187: 1185: 1174: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1075:Ilya Tolstoy 1064: 1048:Henrik Ibsen 1029: 1024: 1022: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1001: 998: 914: 886: 881: 877: 867: 861: 855: 848: 829:non-violence 806: 779: 753: 708: 699: 673: 653: 652:referred to 643: 638:Resurrection 636: 633:Henry George 606: 584: 582: 571: 565: 559: 541: 535: 529: 523: 513: 507: 505: 492: 412: 408: 332:Sophia Behrs 114:(1910-11-20) 52: 47: 40:Nikolayevich 39: 8824:Ontologists 8604:1910 deaths 8599:1828 births 8594:Leo Tolstoy 8511:Leo Tolstoy 8423:Leo Tolstoy 8318:Leo Tolstoy 8230:Vzkriesenie 8085:Leo Tolstoy 7923:Leo Tolstoy 7881:Adaptations 7848:2005 ballet 7730:Panakkaari 7660:Leo Tolstoy 7322:Leo Tolstoy 7183:(2022 film) 7175:(2018 film) 7154:(1984 film) 7151:Lev Tolstoy 7138:(1912 film) 7096:Lev Lvovich 6955:Non-fiction 6543:Two Hussars 6516:Hadji Murat 6432:Leo Tolstoy 6340:Leo Tolstoy 6289:Leo Tolstoy 6272:‹ The 6165:Leo Tolstoy 6150:Leo Tolstoy 6125:Leo Tolstoy 6100:Leo Tolstoy 6064:Leo Tolstoy 6039:Leo Tolstoy 5935:(1): 2–12. 5559:24 November 5406:Leo Tolstoy 4044:28 December 3790:27 February 3760:27 February 3478:8 September 3445:12 February 3241:10 February 3038:28 December 3007:28 December 2854:6 September 2827:4 September 2794:28 December 2737:4 September 2475:Lev Tolstoy 2291:Robert Owen 2165:whole wheat 2010:Soyen Shaku 1947:Kang Youwei 1939:Gu Hongming 1713:Maxim Gorky 1629:nonviolence 1490:Hadji Murat 1447:Thomas Mann 1443:James Joyce 1428:Isaac Babel 1332:(1886) and 1204:, Levin in 1171:Crimean War 1132:Hadji Murad 1017:A.N. Wilson 992:(1884–1979) 858:Victor Hugo 794:Crimean War 772:Volkonskaya 715:Lithuanians 621:James Bevel 573:Hadji Murad 570:(1859) and 548:Crimean War 512:(1869) and 493:Leo Tolstoy 462:; Russian: 257:translation 191:short story 64:Лев Толстой 59:Leo Tolstoy 44:family name 8989:Tolstoyans 8588:Categories 8363:Redemption 8249:Redemption 8039:(painting) 7853:2007 opera 7838:1978 opera 7775:soundtrack 7166:2009 film) 7104:(daughter) 7086:(daughter) 7045:Unfinished 6971:Confession 6816:Kholstomer 6802:Repentance 6559:Polikúshka 5451:, p. 5061:5550194757 4936:3 November 4905:3 November 4873:The Beaver 4840:23 October 4801:23 October 4762:23 October 4723:23 October 4599:23 October 4560:23 October 4520:23 October 4491:23 October 4452:23 October 4413:23 October 4164:23 January 3545:25 October 3506:25 October 3326:22 October 3210:23 October 3170:Ivan Bunin 2663:References 2482:in 1984. 2444:Jay Parini 2266:Montevideo 2222:to speak. 2163:porridge, 2002:Mennonites 1997:Doukhobors 1964:, and the 1884:Pacificism 1775:Doukhobors 1763:Tolstoyans 1739:polygenism 1641:George Fox 1600:La povertà 1561:Confession 1531:Lithograph 1505:". Critic 1388:New Azbuka 1287:Austerlitz 1083:State Duma 897:A.S. Neill 841:Tirukkural 586:Confession 138:Occupation 91:1828-09-09 36:patronymic 8774:Georgists 8549:Ivans Xtc 7794:TV series 7084:Alexandra 6858:Too Dear! 6795:The Grain 6591:The Devil 6460:Childhood 5976:28 August 5898:142595907 5882:0031-8221 5818:0036-8237 5678:163911913 5662:0030-8129 5600:0037-6752 5483:1086-1653 4967:"Tolstoy" 4221:10 August 4034:0190-8286 4005:6 October 3583:30 August 3079:2076-9172 2975:2161-9131 2676:"Tolstoy" 2487:lost film 2349:Influence 2268:, Uruguay 2204:pneumonia 2197:Tolstoyan 2169:buckwheat 2084:, snipe, 2050:anarchist 2046:land rent 2042:socialist 1993:Esperanto 1931:Confucius 1927:sinophile 1854:Kropotkin 1848:students. 1720:, and of 1587:Sakyamuni 1533:print by 1346:from the 1147:Childhood 932:Alexandra 809:anarchist 781:Childhood 688:Chernigov 525:Childhood 363:Signature 300:1847–1910 153:Education 8429:" (1911) 7404:Napoleon 7267:Category 7180:A Couple 7063:" (1905) 7021:" (1908) 6888:" (1911) 6881:" (1905) 6874:" (1903) 6867:" (1903) 6860:" (1897) 6853:" (1894) 6846:" (1893) 6839:" (1892) 6832:" (1889) 6825:" (1886) 6818:" (1886) 6811:" (1886) 6804:" (1886) 6797:" (1886) 6790:" (1886) 6783:" (1886) 6776:" (1886) 6769:" (1885) 6762:" (1885) 6755:" (1885) 6748:" (1885) 6741:" (1885) 6734:" (1885) 6727:" (1884) 6720:" (1881) 6713:" (1872) 6706:" (1872) 6699:" (1872) 6692:" (1863) 6685:" (1859) 6678:" (1858) 6671:" (1857) 6664:" (1856) 6657:" (1855) 6650:" (1855) 6643:" (1855) 6636:" (1852) 6634:The Raid 6527:Novellas 6370:(1911). 6329:LibriVox 6274:template 5970:Archived 5946:27 April 5941:43795380 5908:20 April 5902:Archived 5890:43830813 5836:20 April 5830:Archived 5826:24583606 5758:20 April 5752:Archived 5688:20 April 5682:Archived 5618:20 April 5612:Archived 5608:26633177 5553:Archived 5501:20 April 5495:Archived 5491:24564569 5434:11 April 5428:Archived 5135:15 April 5005:Archived 4975:Archived 4930:Archived 4899:Archived 4834:Archived 4795:Archived 4756:Archived 4717:Archived 4593:Archived 4554:Archived 4514:Archived 4485:Archived 4446:Archived 4407:Archived 4374:Archived 4349:Archived 4309:(2002), 4262:(1911). 4239:(2009). 4215:Archived 4158:Archived 4083:Archived 4038:Archived 3999:Archived 3968:(1921). 3941:Archived 3934:(2017). 3914:Archived 3754:Archived 3725:Archived 3649:(2015). 3577:Archived 3539:Archived 3500:Archived 3466:(2002), 3439:Archived 3348:Archived 3278:Archived 3259:Archived 3235:Archived 3204:Archived 3176:, p. 100 3151:Archived 3097:35921488 3032:Archived 3001:Archived 2848:Archived 2821:Archived 2788:Archived 2758:(2009). 2731:Archived 2679:Archived 2512:See also 2254:Mariupol 2227:Georgism 2212:morphine 2208:Astapovo 2130:'s book 2086:woodcock 2022:Georgism 2016:Georgism 1858:Proudhon 1843:Film by 1793:Chojecki 1731:explorer 1625:pacifism 1369:Georgism 1291:Borodino 1279:Napoleon 1181:pacifism 1056:Herresta 786:Caucasus 692:druzhina 676:Tolstoys 641:(1899). 629:Georgism 599:pacifist 564:(1886), 558:such as 556:novellas 355:Children 279:pacifism 268:Subjects 243:textbook 234:literary 224:treatise 119:Astapovo 8268:Siberia 8260:Related 7862:Related 7600:Related 7219:Related 7102:Tatyana 6669:Lucerne 6468:Boyhood 6380:(ed.). 6360:of the 6356:in the 6318:at the 6276:below ( 5189:Tolstoy 5053:3487337 4272:(ed.). 3735:website 3524:Tolstoy 3365:Tolstoy 3354:". BBC. 3189:Tolstoy 3088:9345763 2405:In the 2216:camphor 2173:compote 2161:oatmeal 2074:hunting 2068:Hunting 1695:private 1637:Quakers 1487:called 1307:realist 1194:Cossack 1153:Boyhood 1091:Slavist 893:Tsarist 839:of the 664:Origins 531:Boyhood 520:realist 349: 337: 291:Realism 229:epistle 214:polemic 186:novella 48:Tolstoy 8565:Living 8519:(1886) 8382:(1968) 8374:(1937) 8366:(1930) 8358:(1929) 8350:(1922) 8347:Bigamy 8342:(1916) 8233:(1960) 8225:(1904) 8206:(1996) 8198:(1960) 8190:(1958) 8182:(1944) 8174:(1943) 8166:(1934) 8142:(1927) 8134:(1918) 8126:(1915) 8118:(1912) 8110:(1909) 8093:(1899) 8020:(2008) 8012:(1987) 8004:(1948) 7996:(1946) 7988:(1937) 7980:(1927) 7972:(1922) 7964:(1920) 7956:(1915) 7948:(1911) 7931:(1889) 7823:(2023) 7815:(2015) 7786:(2017) 7741:(1960) 7733:(1954) 7710:(1927) 7668:(1877) 7522:(1956) 7514:(1915) 7443:Events 7330:(1869) 7230:(1888) 7208:crater 7191:Honors 7080:(wife) 7078:Sophia 7071:Family 7056:(1884) 7037:(1910) 7029:(1909) 7014:(1897) 7006:(1894) 6998:(1886) 6990:(1884) 6982:(1883) 6974:(1882) 6966:(1851) 6947:(1910) 6939:(1900) 6931:(1891) 6923:(1890) 6915:(1886) 6907:(1886) 6676:Albert 6618:(1904) 6610:(1898) 6602:(1895) 6594:(1889) 6586:(1889) 6578:(1888) 6570:(1886) 6562:(1860) 6554:(1859) 6546:(1856) 6538:(1856) 6519:(1912) 6511:(1899) 6503:(1878) 6495:(1869) 6487:(1863) 6479:(1856) 6471:(1854) 6463:(1852) 6452:Novels 6293:Curlie 6279:Curlie 6172: 6136: 6111: 6075: 6050: 6017: 5939: 5896: 5888: 5880: 5824: 5816: 5744: 5676: 5670:462559 5668: 5660: 5606: 5598: 5547: 5537: 5489: 5481: 5381: 5361: 5322: 5302: 5278: 5251: 5195: 5162: 5105:30 May 5079:(1905) 5059: 5051: 5011:30 May 4981:30 May 4826: 4787: 4748: 4709: 4651: 4624: 4585: 4546: 4477: 4438: 4399: 4355:21 May 4191:16 May 4150: 4032: 3974:p. 218 3951: 3839: 3661: 3631:8 July 3605: 3531: 3416: 3388: 3196: 3120: 3095: 3085: 3077: 2973: 2929: 2890: 2460:Oscars 2395:Living 2233:Legacy 1960:, the 1912:ashram 1647:, and 1501:, and 1324:After 1156:, and 1113:, 1873 928:Sophia 833:ahimsa 623:, and 534:, and 343: 326:Spouse 321:(1892) 196:sketch 174:Genres 169:Modern 166:Period 143:Writer 34:, the 8533:Ikiru 8525:Films 8435:Films 8331:Films 8214:Opera 8028:Other 7993:Celos 7937:Films 7831:Stage 7373:Sonya 7098:(son) 7092:(son) 6896:Plays 6476:Youth 6376:. 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