20:
116:
450:
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The early printed word of the early Aztec
Civilization is quite interesting, as it contains only pictographs. It was not until the colonial era that Aztec scribes, after learning the Roman alphabet, began to incorporate text into their codices, both in Nahuatl (the native language) and Spanish. As a
82:
The Codex
Borbonicus was acquired in 1826 for 1,300 golds francs at auction by a French Benedictine monk, deputy-curator of the library of the National Assembly, Pierre-Paul Druon. At the time, he sought out and entrusted many rare and valuable works to the French Parliament. The Codex is considered
149:
With these 26 symbols, the priests were able to create horoscopes and divine the future. The first 18 pages of the codex (all that remain of the original 20) show considerably more wear than the last sections, very likely indicating that these pages were consulted more often.
103:
as was usual for pre-Columbian Aztec codicies, although some
Spanish descriptions have been added. There is dispute as to whether the Codex Borbonicus is pre-Columbian, as the calendar pictures all contain room above them for Spanish descriptions.
79:) entered Aztec cities, they would often find libraries filled with thousands of native works. However, most of the works were destroyed during the conquest as a means to hasten the conversion of the Aztec to European ideals.
146:(or 260-day year). Most of the page is taken up with a painting of the ruling deity or deities, with the remainder taken up with the 13 day-signs of the trecena and 13 other glyphs and deities.
59:
and kept at the
Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée Nationale in Paris. The codex is an outstanding example of how Aztec manuscript painting is crucial for the understanding of
92:
result, it is unknown whether Aztec codices were created by a native method or created with the help of imported methods after the arrival of the
Spanish.
99:
paper. Although there were originally 40 accordion-folded pages, the first two and the last two pages are missing. It was originally pictorial and
75:
The Codex
Borbonicus is one of a very few Aztec codices that survived the colonial Spanish inquisition. When the Spanish conquistadors (led by
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35:. The 13 day-signs of this trecena, starting with 1 Earthquake, 2 Flint/Knife, 3 Rain, etc., are shown on the bottom row and the right column.
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1292:
500:
157:
52-year cycle, showing in order the dates of the first days of each of these 52 solar years. These days are correlated with the nine
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1413:
1408:
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379:
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122:
1307:
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1187:
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The third section is focused on rituals and ceremonies, particularly those that end the 52-year cycle, when the "
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1282:
400:
1438:
1423:
1337:
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1102:
1443:
1312:
1182:
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1433:
1428:
393:
1217:
587:
1026:
358:
The Oxford
Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilizations of Mexico and Central America
470:
1393:
1202:
887:
882:
1262:
434:
374:
1342:
696:
1227:
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1322:
1317:
1252:
1232:
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a French national treasure and has not been allowed to leave the country since the 1960s.
8:
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528:
538:
1112:
841:
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344:
158:
76:
27:
of the Aztec sacred calendar. This 13th trecena was under the auspices of the goddess
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The first section is one of the most intricate surviving divinatory calendars (or
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Keber, Eloise Quiñones (2001). "Borbonicus, Codex". In David
Carrasco (ed.).
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31:, who is shown on the upper left wearing a flayed skin, giving birth to
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The Codex
Borbonicus is a single 46.5-foot (14.2 m) long sheet of
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The original page 13 of the Codex
Borbonicus, showing the 13th
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375:
Famsi.org: Links to each of the 36 pages of Codex Borbonicus
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47:
written by Aztec priests shortly before or after the
380:
The Guardian "Aztec manuscript under the microscope"
213:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
1385:
206:Keber, Eloise Quiñones. "Borbonicus, Codex." In
153:The second section of the codex documents the
401:
239:
168:" must be lit. This section is unfinished.
408:
394:
330:
273:. Skyhorse Publishing. pp. 106–107.
360:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
18:
1293:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
242:"Aztec Manuscript Under the Microscope"
240:Ter Minassian, V. (November 28, 2014).
216:. : Oxford University Press, 2001
136:). Each page represents one of the 20
1386:
302:; Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez (2004).
268:
389:
355:
1419:16th-century illuminated manuscripts
264:
262:
235:
233:
231:
229:
49:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
415:
271:The Library: An Illustrated History
13:
14:
1455:
1188:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
433:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
259:
226:
448:
114:
1414:1520s in the Aztec civilization
1409:1510s in the Aztec civilization
1363:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
1243:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
1193:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
1203:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
304:"Renaming the Mexican Codices"
200:
1:
291:
86:
140:(or 13-day periods), in the
7:
1338:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
1198:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
171:
107:
10:
1460:
1298:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
1078:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
70:
1313:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
1103:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
1073:Codices Becker I & II
1035:
1007:
931:
865:
499:
457:
446:
423:
323:10.1017/S0956536104040179
125:Complete Codex Borbonicus
63:calendric constructions,
1253:Plano en papel de maguey
1063:Codices Azoyú I & II
193:
51:. It is named after the
1048:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
1183:Lienzo Antonio de León
67:, and ritual actions.
36:
1343:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
1283:Relación de Michoacán
1233:Códice Maya de México
1218:Matrícula de Tributos
1143:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
588:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
22:
1373:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
1323:Anales de Tlatelolco
1213:Codex Magliabechiano
463:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
1263:Codex Porfirio Díaz
1258:Primeros Memoriales
1173:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
1168:Humboldt fragment 1
1158:Códice de Huichapan
1068:Badianus Manuscript
1022:The Stinking Corpse
311:Ancient Mesoamerica
269:Murray, S. (2009).
1439:1520s in New Spain
1424:Astrological texts
1228:Crónica Mexicayotl
1113:Codex Chimalpopoca
702:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
682:Huitztlampaehecatl
543:Tezcatlipoca (see
509:Lords of the Night
159:Lords of the Night
37:
1381:
1380:
1358:Codex Vaticanus B
1318:Tira de Tepechpan
1163:Codex Huexotzinco
1108:Codex Chimalpahin
1027:Use of entheogens
994:Tlillan-Tlapallan
888:Centzon Tōtōchtin
883:Centzonhuītznāhua
609:Acuecueyotl (see
464:
1451:
1444:Aztec philosophy
1328:Codex Tlatelolco
1148:Codex Florentine
1088:Codex Borbonicus
1058:Codex Azcatitlan
1053:Aubin Tonalamatl
984:Thirteen Heavens
747:Mictlanpachecatl
707:Itzpapalotltotec
627:Chalchiuhtotolin
568:Lords of the Day
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452:
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371:
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308:
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224:
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118:
41:Codex Borbonicus
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1434:1520s in Mexico
1429:1510s in Mexico
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1223:Codex Mexicanus
1153:Codex Huamantla
1128:Codex Cozcatzin
1118:Codex Colombino
1031:
1009:
1003:
927:
878:Centzonmīmixcōa
861:
712:Itztlacoliuhqui
611:Chalchiuhtlicue
534:Piltzintecuhtli
519:Chalchiuhtlicue
495:
471:Huītzilōpōchtli
461:
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419:
417:Aztec mythology
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300:Jansen, Maarten
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1353:Anales de Tula
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732:Malinalxochitl
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317:(2): 267–271.
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280:978-1510733329
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208:Davíd Carrasco
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178:Aztec calendar
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53:Palais Bourbon
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1394:Aztec codices
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1308:Mapa Sigüenza
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1273:Codex Ramírez
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1133:Codex Dresden
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908:Ehecatotontli
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727:Macuilxochitl
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723:
722:Macuiltochtli
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692:Ilamatecuhtli
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687:Huixtocihuatl
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652:Cihuatecayotl
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605:Acolnahuacatl
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439:Tōnacācihuātl
436:
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367:9780195188431
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222:9780195188431
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183:Aztec codices
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143:tonalpohualli
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84:
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78:
77:Hernán Cortés
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
26:
21:
1368:Codex Xolotl
1348:Codex Tudela
1333:Mapa Tloztin
1208:Codex Madrid
1093:Codex Borgia
1087:
1083:Codex Bodley
1008:Beliefs and
967:
923:Xiuhtotontli
852:Yacatecuhtli
832:Xōchiquetzal
792:Tlacotzontli
782:Temazcalteci
777:Tēcciztēcatl
677:Huēhuecoyōtl
667:Coyolxāuhqui
637:Chicomecōātl
610:
593:Tlaltecuhtli
561:Xiuhtecuhtli
545:Creator gods
544:
481:Tezcatlipoca
476:Quetzalcoatl
459:Creator gods
357:
314:
310:
270:
249:. Retrieved
246:The Guardian
245:
211:
202:
188:Codex Borgia
163:
155:Mesoamerican
152:
148:
141:
131:
129:
94:
90:
81:
74:
40:
38:
1404:1520s books
1399:1510s books
1303:Selden Roll
1278:Codex Reese
1248:Paris Codex
1238:Codex Osuna
1138:Codex Durán
1123:Codex Cospi
1043:Aubin Codex
979:Teotihuacan
954:Chicomoztoc
913:Tiānquiztli
857:Zacatzontli
837:Xochitlicue
797:Tlalocayotl
787:Tepoztēcatl
697:Ītzpāpālōtl
583:Nanahuatzin
556:Tlazōlteōtl
539:Tepēyōllōtl
424:Primordials
101:logographic
45:Aztec codex
29:Tlazolteotl
16:Aztec codex
1388:Categories
1288:Codex Ríos
1178:Codex Laud
974:Tamoanchan
968:Underworld
949:Cemanahuac
918:Tzitzimitl
898:Cihuateteo
873:Ahuiateteo
827:Xōchipilli
657:Cipactonal
647:Cihuacōātl
573:Citlālicue
486:Xipe Totec
332:1887/16354
292:References
133:tonalamatl
87:Production
1017:Five Suns
903:Civateteo
817:Tonantzin
812:Toltecatl
717:Ixtlilton
662:Cōātlīcue
349:163136552
341:0956-5361
251:March 21,
1010:practice
989:Tlālōcān
893:Cintēteo
772:Patecatl
757:Opochtli
752:Mixcoatl
737:Mayahuel
642:Chīmalmā
632:Chantico
622:Atlacoya
598:Tōnatiuh
524:Cinteotl
514:Centeōtl
490:Camaxtle
431:Ōmeteōtl
172:See also
166:new fire
108:Sections
33:Cinteotl
1036:Codices
964:Mictlān
939:Anahuac
822:Xilonen
802:Tlilhua
762:Oxomoco
742:Metztli
672:Ehecatl
617:Atlahua
501:Deities
138:trecena
71:History
65:deities
25:trecena
999:Tōllān
944:Aztlán
932:Places
866:Groups
847:Xolotl
842:Xocotl
767:Painal
551:Tláloc
364:
347:
339:
277:
220:
210:(ed).
61:Mexica
57:France
43:is an
966:(The
345:S2CID
307:(PDF)
194:Notes
97:amatl
807:Toci
488:(or
437:and
362:ISBN
337:ISSN
275:ISBN
253:2022
218:ISBN
39:The
327:hdl
319:doi
55:in
1390::
343:.
335:.
325:.
315:15
313:.
309:.
261:^
244:.
228:^
161:.
970:)
613:)
547:)
492:)
441:)
409:e
402:t
395:v
370:.
351:.
329::
321::
283:.
255:.
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