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increase pain-free light exposure in patients with a rare disorder|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-increase-pain-free-light-exposure-patients-rare-disorder|date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009122611/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-increase-pain-free-light-exposure-patients-rare-disorder|archive-date=9 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ], another analogue of α-MSH, is available in the United States not as a photoprotective agent, but for the treatment of ] in premenopausal women.<ref name="MyUser_Https:_August_4_2021c">{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-hypoactive-sexual-desire-disorder-premenopausal-women |title=FDA approves new treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women |newspaper=Https |date= 24 March 2020|author= |accessdate= August 4, 2021}}</ref> All of these drugs have significantly greater ] than α-MSH, along with improved ]s and distinctive ] profiles.
1303:'''α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone''' ('''α-MSH''') is an ] ] and ] of the ] family, with a ] ] and the ] Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH<sub>2</sub>. It is the most important of the ]s (MSHs) (also known as melanotropins) in stimulating ], a process that in ]s (including ]s) is responsible for ] primarily of the ] and ]. It also plays a role in ], ], ], and protection against ] and ].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Protective effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on the recovery of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced retinal damage in a rat model |last1=Varga |first1=B. |last2=Gesztelyi |first2=R. |last3=Bombicz |first3=M. |last4=Haines |first4=D. |last5=Szabo |first5=A. M. |last6=Kemeny-Beke |first6=A. |last7=Antal |first7=M. |last8=Vecsernyes |first8=M. |last9=Juhasz |first9=B. |last10=Tosaki |first10=A. |journal=] |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=558–70 |date=July 2013 | pmid = 23504281 | doi = 10.1007/s12031-013-9998-3 |pmc=3675276}}</ref>
1323:α-MSH is a ] ] of the ]s ] (K<sub>i</sub> = 0.230 nM), ] (K<sub>i</sub> = 31.5 nM), ] (K<sub>i</sub> = 900 nM), and ] (K<sub>i</sub> = 7160 nM), but not ] (which is exclusive for ] (ACTH)).<ref name="SchiöthMutulis1998">{{cite journal|last1=Schiöth|first1=Helgi B|last2=Mutulis|first2=Felikss|last3=Muceniece|first3=Ruta|last4=Prusis|first4=Peteris|last5=Wikberg|first5=Jarl E S|title=Discovery of novel melanocortin4receptor selective MSH analogues|journal=British Journal of Pharmacology|volume=124|issue=1|year=1998|pages=75–82|issn=0007-1188|doi=10.1038/sj.bjp.0701804|pmc=1565364|pmid=9630346}}</ref> Activation of the MC<sub>1</sub> receptor is responsible for its effect on pigmentation, whereas its regulation of appetite, metabolism, and sexual behavior is mediated through both the MC<sub>3</sub> and MC<sub>4</sub> receptors.
926:| StdInChI = 1S/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83)
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StdInChI = 1S/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83)
883:| InChI = 1/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83)
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InChI = 1/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83)
1249:| HalfLife = 20 minutes<ref name="pmid20545686">{{cite journal | author = Langan EA, Nie Z, Rhodes LE | title = Melanotropic peptides: more than just 'Barbie drugs' and 'sun-tan jabs'? | journal = The British Journal of Dermatology | volume = 163 | issue = 3 | pages = 451–5 | year = 2010 | month = September | pmid = 20545686 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09891.x | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0007-0963&date=2010&volume=163&issue=3&spage=451}}</ref>
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A few ] ]s of α-MSH have been investigated as ] ]s due to their ] effects against ] from the sun. They include ] (melanotan) and ], the former of which has been approved as a treatment to reduce ] in ] in the ].<ref name=Oct2019FDA>{{cite press release |title=FDA approves first treatment to
401:| IUPACName = ''N''-acetyl-<small>L</small>-seryl-<small>L</small>-tyrosyl-<small>L</small>-seryl-<small>L</small>-methionyl-<small>L</small>-α-glutamyl-<small>L</small>-histidyl-<small>
513:= ''N''-acetyl-<small>L</small>-seryl-<small>L</small>-tyrosyl-<small>L</small>-seryl-<small>L</small>-methionyl-<small>L</small>-α-glutamyl-<small>L</small>-histidyl-<small>
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517:</small>-phenylalanyl-<small>L</small>-arginyl-<small>L</small>-tryptophylglycyl-<small>L</small>-lysyl-<small>L</small>-prolyl-<small>L</small>-valinamide
405:</small>-phenylalanyl-<small>L</small>-arginyl-<small>L</small>-tryptophylglycyl-<small>L</small>-lysyl-<small>L</small>-prolyl-<small>L</small>-valinamide
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1007:| Formula = C<sub>77</sub>H<sub>109</sub>N<sub>21</sub>O<sub>19</sub>S
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Formula = C<sub>77</sub>H<sub>109</sub>N<sub>21</sub>O<sub>19</sub>S
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432:| OtherNames = Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH<sub>2</sub>
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It is generated as a ] ] from ACTH (1-13), which is in turn a cleavage product of ] (POMC).
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Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH<sub>2</sub>
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alpha-MSH, α-melanocortin, α-melanotropin, α-intermedin;
937:| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
445:| ImageFile = α-melanocyte-stimulating_hormone.svg
492:| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 581-05-5 -->
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289:{{short description|Peptide hormone in Homo sapiens}}
910:| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
387:| Name = α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
1510:{{DEFAULTSORT:Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, α-}}
199:(updated: 'ChEMBL', 'CASNo').
207:Latest revision as of 17:58, 15 September 2024
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193:Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone
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113:Content added
1468:{{Hormones}}
1384:==See also==
1205:Autoignition
1194:| FlashPt =
1114:Solubility =
1095:BoilingPt =
1076:MeltingPt =
1064:| Density =
818:| PubChem =
576:| PubChem =
555:| OtherNames
219:SilverLocust
867:| SMILES =
788:| ChEMBL =
510:| IUPACName
477:| ImageSize
252:Rollbackers
240:Page movers
1187:FlashPt =
1153:| Section3
1057:Density =
985:| Section2
597:| Section1
88:Revision 2
45:Revision 1
650:SMILES =
534:ChEMBL =
327:{{Chembox
320:{{Chembox
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425:⚫
394:⚫
367:⚫
229:contribs
195:for the
167:contribs
157:Beetstra
128:Wikitext
279:Line 1:
276:Line 1:
183:171,922
790:214332
536:385886
261:21,190
121:Visual
74:Page 2
64:Page 2
31:Page 1
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482:300px
263:edits
185:edits
225:talk
211:edit
163:talk
149:edit
1417:* ]
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1283:}}
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480:=
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558:=
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515:L
403:D
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223:(
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161:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.