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La Tène culture

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4033: 4056: 2283: 169: 980:— appears in mid-La Tène culture. La Tène dwellings were carpenter-built rather than of masonry. La Tène peoples also dug ritual shafts, in which votive offerings and even human sacrifices were cast. Severed heads appear to have held great power and were often represented in carvings. Burial sites included weapons, carts, and both elite and household goods, evoking a strong continuity with an 266: 775: 273:
and La Tène cultures. The core Hallstatt territory (800 BCE) is shown in solid yellow, the area of influence by 500 BCE (HaD) in light yellow. The core territory of the La Tène culture (450 BCE) is shown in solid green, the eventual area of La Tène influence by 50 BCE in light green. The territories
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people is difficult to assess; archaeologists have repeatedly concluded that language, material culture, and political affiliation do not necessarily run parallel. Frey notes (Frey 2004) that in the 5th century, "burial customs in the Celtic world were not uniform; rather, localised groups had their
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Our knowledge of this cultural area derives from three sources: from archaeological evidence, from Greek and Latin literary evidence, and more controversially, from ethnographical evidence suggesting some La Tène artistic and cultural survivals in traditionally Celtic regions of far western Europe.
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As with many archaeological periods, La Tène history was originally divided into "early" (6th century BCE), "middle" (c. 450–100 BCE), and "late" (1st century BCE) stages, with the Roman occupation effectively driving the culture underground and ending its development. A broad cultural unity was not
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With the first systematic lowering of the Swiss lakes from 1868 to 1883, the site fell completely dry. In 1880, Emile Vouga, a teacher from Marin-Epagnier, uncovered the wooden remains of two bridges (designated "Pont Desor" and "Pont Vouga") originally over 100 m long, that crossed the little
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traditions of geometric patterning. The Early Style of La Tène art and culture mainly featured static, geometric decoration, while the transition to the Developed Style constituted a shift to movement-based forms, such as
1022:, Hansli Kopp, looking for antiquities for Colonel Frédéric Schwab, discovered several rows of wooden piles that still reached about 50 cm into the water. From among these, Kopp collected about forty iron swords. 952:, is stylistically characterized by inscribed and inlaid intricate spirals and interlace, on fine bronze vessels, helmets and shields, horse trappings and elite jewelry, especially the neck rings called 1589:
In another place (ii.33.) Herodotus mentions the Ister, which "rising in the country of the Celts, beginning from the city of Pyrene, cuts Europe in half", which would have made it intersect with the
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Thielle River (today a nature reserve) and the remains of five houses on the shore. After Vouga had finished, F. Borel, curator of the Marin museum, began to excavate as well. In 1885 the
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Though there is no agreement on the precise region in which La Tène culture first developed, there is a broad consensus that the center of the culture lay on the northwest edges of
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notes localization of La Tène culture during the 5th century when there arose "two zones of power and innovation: a Marne – Moselle zone in the west with trading links to the
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Extensive contacts through trade are recognized in foreign objects deposited in elite burials; stylistic influences on La Tène material culture can be recognized in
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in the west and modern Bavaria and Austria in the east. In 1994 a prototypical ensemble of elite grave sites of the early 5th century BCE was excavated at
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paralleled by overarching social-political unifying structures, and the extent to which the material culture can be linguistically linked is debated.
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reached Rome and took the city. In the 3rd century BCE, Gallic bands entered Greece and threatened the oracle of Delphi, while another band settled
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Initially La Tène folk lived in open settlements that were dominated by the chieftains’ towering hill forts. The development of towns—
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asked the Société d'Histoire of Neuchâtel to continue the excavations, the results of which were published by Vouga in the same year.
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An exhibition marking the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the La Tène site was launched in June 2007 at the Musée Schwab in
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Interpretations of the site vary. Some scholars believe the bridge was destroyed by high water, while others see it as a place of
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La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from 450 BCE to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BCE) in
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All in all, over 2500 objects, mainly made from metal, have been excavated in La Tène. Weapons predominate, there being 166
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Whether the usage of classical sources means that the whole of La Tène culture can be attributed to a unified
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lowered the waters of the lake by about 2 m. On the northernmost tip of the lake, between the river
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and thermoluminescence help provide date ranges in an absolute chronology at some La Tène sites.
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made in Greece. Exports from La Tène cultural areas to the Mediterranean cultures were based on
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Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire. Des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme
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Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire. Des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme
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own beliefs, which, in consequence, also gave rise to distinct artistic expressions".
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published his findings in 1868 in his influential first report on the Swiss
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were identified by Greek and Roman authors from the 5th century onwards as
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La Tène cultural material appeared over a large area, including parts of
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Some of the societies that are archaeologically identified with La Tène
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culture". A shift of settlement centres took place in the 4th century.
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without any definite cultural break, under the impetus of considerable
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A gold-and-bronze model of an oak tree (3rd century BCE) found at the
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For the municipality in Neuenburg for which the culture is named, see
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Treasures Of The Celtic Causeway - The Fiskerton Log Boat | Culture24
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La grande storia dei Celti. La nascita, l'affermazione, la decadenza
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La grande storia dei Celti. La nascita, l'affermazione, la decadenza
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From their homeland, La Tène groups expanded in the 4th century to
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after a successful battle (there are almost no female ornaments).
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Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
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in bronze, iron and gold, developing technologically out of
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to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
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Lionel Pearson, "Herodotus on the Source of the Danube",
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A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the
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Charles Bergengren, Cleveland Institute of Art, 1999:
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sources. Dateable Greek pottery at La Tène sites and
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La Tène culture developed out of the early Iron Age
1701:ISBN 978-88-8289-851-9 (492 pp. - a translation of 1007:La Tène culture, also spelt "Latène" or "La-Tène". 193:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4070: 1620:frankfurt,kultur,highlights,mystery of the kelts 1508:The Jastorf culture is the southern part of the 1285:: Tomb of a princess/priestess with burial gifts 798:, within the region between the valleys of the 769: 2761: 1868: 1757: 559: 2749: 2809: 2773: 1037:). In 1863 he interpreted the remains as a 2785: 1882: 1875: 1861: 1764: 1750: 1094:, Switzerland. It is scheduled to move to 566: 552: 83:Revision as of 21:08, 1 September 2014 by 1597:is not mentioned aside from this context. 652:. To the north extended the contemporary 253:Learn how and when to remove this message 1298:Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are: 1192:, a characteristic rectangular enclosure 773: 264: 47: 1737:La Tène Archaeological Sites in Romania 1678:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997 1496: 82: 14: 4071: 2726: 1306:(7th century BCE), found in southeast 1218:: an elite chariot burial, 4th century 1206:; ritual objects recovered from a well 995:is a village on the northern shore of 687:via the central Alpine passes and the 3958: 3850: 3629: 3431: 2863: 2643: 2294: 1931: 1856: 1745: 1720:. London: British Museum Press, 1997. 1713:. London: British Museum Press, 1999. 44: 25: 1683:The Celts: Origins, Myths, Invention 1018:and a point south of the village of 191:adding citations to reliable sources 162: 17: 4079:Archaeological sites in Switzerland 3851: 1772:Archaeological Sites in Switzerland 933: 153: 122: 4149:Archaeological cultures in Romania 1733:illustrations of La Tène artifacts 1716:James, Simon & Rigby, Valery. 1668: 1639:British Museum - The Witham Shield 154: 4165: 4154:Archaeological cultures in Serbia 4109:Archaeology of the Czech Republic 4104:Archaeological cultures of Europe 3281:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 1724: 69:. The present address (URL) is a 4054: 4031: 2644: 2281: 1661:British Museum - Chertsey Shield 1098:in 2008 and the Mont Beuvray in 848: 282:, by John Haywood (2001: 30–37). 167: 4084:Use dmy dates from October 2011 1718:Britain and the Celtic Iron Age 1654: 1643: 1632: 1459:Musée des Antiquités Nationales 178:needs additional citations for 1613: 1600: 1583: 1567: 1556: 1547: 1532: 1515: 1502: 1270:: oppidum and elaborate graves 278:are labelled. Map drawn after 104: 52: 13: 1: 4000:Celtic place names in Galicia 3630: 1608:The Archaeology of Celtic Art 1541:European Prehistory: a survey 1444:Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn 1367:" (350–50 BCE), found in the 1344:, but probably made near the 475: 452: 435:Southeast Asia (1000–200 BC) 115:Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn 63:Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn 3432: 1942:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 1293: 987: 956:and elaborate clasps called 884: 7: 2924:Welsh literature in English 2864: 2295: 2021:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 1932: 1610:. New York: Routledge, 2007 1484: 1212:: elite graves of La Tène I 1172:at Mont Beuvray in Burgundy 24:of this page, as edited by 10: 4170: 4139:Archaeology of Switzerland 2944:Scottish Gaelic literature 2329:Brigantia (ancient region) 1580:.4 (October 1934:328–337). 1371:, made of bronze with red 1354:National Museum of Denmark 1224:, oppidum and elite graves 1196: 1181:Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave 1115: 937: 155: 102: 50: 4022: 3965: 3959: 3954: 3892: 3863: 3846: 3809: 3731: 3722: 3694: 3666: 3638: 3625: 3578: 3543: 3517: 3438: 3427: 3314: 3291:Hebridean Celtic Festival 3228: 3130: 3109: 3078: 2993: 2952: 2919:Welsh-language literature 2874: 2870: 2859: 2821: 2735: 2652: 2639: 2509: 2468: 2407: 2303: 2290: 2279: 2116: 2085: 2019: 1940: 1927: 1894: 1777: 1442:, late 4th century BCE. ( 914:(iv.49) correctly placed 530:Archaeometallurgical slag 280:Atlas of the Celtic World 3724:Ancient Celtic languages 1449:Chariot burial found at 1430:Chariot burial found at 1105: 1041:village built on piles. 1025:The Swiss archaeologist 673:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul 589:culture named after the 4144:Archaeology of Slovenia 4134:Archaeology of Slovakia 3995:Gaulish words in French 3980:Celtic words in English 2239:Scottish New Zealanders 2129:Anglo-Celtic Australian 1685:. London: Tempus, 2003. 1119:La Tène, Marin-Epagnier 111:Cult Wagon of Strettweg 59:Cult Wagon of Strettweg 45:21:08, 1 September 2014 4129:Archaeology of Romania 4124:Archaeology of Hungary 4119:Archaeology of Germany 4099:Archaeology of Austria 2929:Early Irish literature 2810: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2750: 2219:Scotch-Irish Canadians 2214:Scotch-Irish Americans 1539:Sarunas Milisauskas , 1390:" (4th century BCE). ( 1312:Landesmuseum Johanneum 1247:: remains of dwellings 1076:, tools, and parts of 787: 677:Etruscan civilizations 479: 400 BC – 100 AD 283: 4114:Archaeology of France 3556:Scottish independence 3301:Celtic Media Festival 3184:National music scenes 2415:Proto-Celtic religion 2117:Related ethnic groups 918:at the source of the 833:, and even as far as 777: 656:of Northern Germany. 597:on the north side of 268: 3880:(Medieval Welsh law) 3490:Scottish nationalism 3140:Ancient Celtic music 2460:Romano-Celtic temple 2269:Welsh New Zealanders 2194:Irish New Zealanders 1697:Newton & Compton 1563:Mystery of the Celts 1497:Notes and references 1251:Sandberg Celtic city 669:Culture of Golasecca 456: 2000 – 100 BC 187:improve this article 3570:Irish republicanism 3551:Breton independence 3530:Scottish devolution 3463:Cornish nationalism 3286:Pan Celtic Festival 3160:Scottish folk music 2914:Scottish literature 2440:Celtic Christianity 2244:Scottish Travellers 2229:Scottish Argentines 2073:Scottish Travellers 1575:Classical Philology 1473:Oppidum of Manching 1338:Gundestrup cauldron 1327:Châtillon-sur-Seine 1010:In 1857, prolonged 667:influence from the 525:Iron Age metallurgy 330:Bronze Age collapse 129:← Previous revision 3561:Welsh independence 3525:Cornish devolution 3446:Breton nationalism 3296:Celtic Connections 2899:Cornish literature 2249:Ulster Protestants 2234:Scottish Canadians 2224:Scottish Americans 2134:Anglo-Irish people 1711:The Atlantic Celts 1510:Pre-Roman Iron Age 1455:St-Germain-en-Laye 1202:, near Stuttgart: 788: 770:La Tène "homeland" 507:(2600 BC – 500 AD) 443:(1000 BC – 200 AD) 380:(1100 BC – 150 AD) 284: 158:La Tène, Neuchâtel 4042: 4041: 4018: 4017: 3950: 3949: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3801:Cisalpine Gaulish 3621: 3620: 3507:national identity 3502:Welsh nationalism 3495:national identity 3475:Irish nationalism 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3356:Cornish wrestling 3224: 3223: 3145:Breton Folk music 3110:Regional cultures 2953:National cultures 2939:Gaelic literature 2894:Breton literature 2855: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2635: 2634: 2547:Chief of the Name 2420:Celtic polytheism 2337:Sub-Roman Britain 2277: 2276: 2164:Irish Australians 2144:Cornish Americans 2103:Scottish diaspora 1850: 1849: 1706: 1676:The Ancient Celts 1674:Cunliffe, Barry. 1553:Cunliffe 1997:66. 1521:Venceslas Kruta, 1491:Golasecca culture 1291: 1290: 1200:Fellbach-Schmiden 1168:, oppidum of the 1072:, along with 385 950:Hallstatt culture 816:Frankfurt-am-Main 792:Hallstatt culture 689:Golasecca culture 661:Hallstatt culture 576: 575: 499:(500 BC – 300 AD) 466:(500 BC – 200 AD) 412:(500 BC – 800 AD) 404:(800 BC – 100 AD) 322:Ancient Near East 263: 262: 255: 237: 202:"La Tène culture" 4161: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4050: 4035: 3956: 3955: 3848: 3847: 3830:Galwegian Gaelic 3729: 3728: 3627: 3626: 3535:Welsh devolution 3429: 3428: 3181: 3180: 3170:Sean-nós singing 3165:Welsh folk music 3155:Irish folk music 3122:Highland culture 2904:Irish literature 2884:Arthurian Legend 2872: 2871: 2861: 2860: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2777: 2765: 2753: 2733: 2732: 2724: 2723: 2701:Neo-Christianity 2641: 2640: 2572:Gaelic astrology 2532:Celtic festivals 2435:Celtic mythology 2408:Ancient religion 2325:Iron Age Britain 2292: 2291: 2285: 2264:Welsh Argentines 2204:Irish Uruguayans 2199:Irish Travellers 2169:Irish Brazilians 2159:Irish Argentines 2139:Breton Americans 2093:Cornish diaspora 2055:Irish Travellers 1929: 1928: 1921:Celtic languages 1877: 1870: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1782:Aquae Helveticae 1766: 1759: 1752: 1743: 1742: 1700: 1689:Kruta, Venceslas 1663: 1658: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1636: 1630: 1626: 1617: 1611: 1604: 1598: 1587: 1581: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1536: 1530: 1519: 1513: 1506: 1451:La Gorge Meillet 1405:(400–200 BCE). ( 1365:Battersea Shield 1268:Vix/Mont Lassois 1113: 1112: 1110:Some sites are: 1027:Ferdinand Keller 934:Material culture 892:material culture 875:dendrochronology 695:via the eastern 568: 561: 554: 490: 482: 480: 477: 467: 459: 457: 454: 444: 421: 413: 405: 397: 389: 381: 373: 365: 348: 333: 286: 285: 269:Overview of the 258: 251: 247: 244: 238: 236: 195: 171: 163: 141:Newer revision → 119: 117: 108: 99: 78: 76:current revision 68: 67: 65: 56: 46: 42: 41: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4094:Iron Age Europe 4069: 4068: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4043: 4038: 4014: 3961: 3946: 3888: 3884:Early Scots law 3873:Early Irish law 3859: 3834: 3811:Scottish Gaelic 3805: 3746:Proto-Brittonic 3718: 3714:Beurla Reagaird 3690: 3686:Scottish Gaelic 3662: 3634: 3617: 3613:Columba Project 3593:Celtic Congress 3574: 3539: 3513: 3434: 3415: 3376:Gaelic handball 3366:Gaelic football 3351:Cornish hurling 3310: 3220: 3179: 3126: 3105: 3091:Gaelic clothing 3074: 2989: 2948: 2909:Manx literature 2866: 2843: 2822:Other claimants 2817: 2722: 2672:Celtic Congress 2648: 2631: 2527:Celtic calendar 2505: 2464: 2403: 2299: 2286: 2273: 2259:Welsh Americans 2179:Irish Catholics 2174:Irish Canadians 2154:Irish Americans 2112: 2086:Celtic diaspora 2081: 2015: 1944: 1936: 1923: 1890: 1881: 1851: 1846: 1787:Augusta Raurica 1773: 1770: 1727: 1671: 1669:Further reading 1666: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1633: 1618: 1614: 1606:Harding, D. W. 1605: 1601: 1588: 1584: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1537: 1533: 1520: 1516: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1487: 1403:Chertsey Shield 1296: 1108: 1035:Pfahlbaubericht 990: 942: 936: 887: 851: 845:in Asia Minor. 814:, northeast of 794:, north of the 772: 732:bronze cauldron 654:Jastorf culture 580:La Tène culture 572: 542:Ancient history 535: 534: 520: 512: 511: 489:(5 BC – 500 AD) 485: 478: 470: 462: 455: 447: 439: 420:(800 BC – 1 AD) 416: 410:Northern Europe 408: 400: 392: 384: 376: 368: 360: 336: 328: 316: 259: 248: 242: 239: 196: 194: 184: 172: 161: 152: 151: 150: 149: 148: 133:Latest revision 121: 120: 113:, spec krater, 103: 100: 89: 87: 74: 61:, spec krater, 51: 48: 31: 29: 12: 11: 5: 4167: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4064: 4063: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3902:Gaelic warfare 3898: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3878:Cyfraith Hywel 3875: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3825:Deeside Gaelic 3822: 3816: 3814: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3796:Hispano-Celtic 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3751:Proto-Goidelic 3748: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3603:Celtic society 3600: 3598:Celtic Revival 3595: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3566:United Ireland 3563: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3411:Welsh handball 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3391:Highland games 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3187: 3185: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3136: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3117:Gaelic culture 3113: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3096:Highland dress 3093: 3088: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3060:Pictish stones 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3005: 2999: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2878: 2868: 2867: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2742: 2740: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2664: 2662:Celtic nations 2659: 2657:Celtic Revival 2653: 2650: 2649: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2430:Celtic Animism 2427: 2425:Celtic deities 2422: 2417: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2384:Cisalpine Gaul 2381: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2356: 2347: 2322: 2313: 2311:Gaelic Ireland 2307: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2288: 2287: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2209:Manx Americans 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2184:Irish Chileans 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2149:English people 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2108:Welsh diaspora 2105: 2100: 2098:Irish diaspora 2095: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1952: 1950: 1938: 1937: 1925: 1924: 1905:Celtic studies 1897:Celtic nations 1895: 1892: 1891: 1880: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1857: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1832:Vallis poenina 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1754: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1726: 1725:External links 1723: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1709:James, Simon. 1707: 1686: 1681:Collis, John. 1679: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1653: 1642: 1631: 1612: 1599: 1582: 1566: 1555: 1546: 1531: 1514: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1469: 1462: 1447: 1428: 1414: 1407:British Museum 1399: 1392:British Museum 1384: 1377:British Museum 1361: 1334: 1319: 1304:Strettweg Cart 1295: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1271: 1265: 1248: 1241: 1235: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1204:Viereckschanze 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190:Viereckschanze 1183: 1178: 1176:Erstfeld hoard 1173: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1152:, burial field 1147: 1142: 1136: 1131: 1121: 1107: 1104: 1031:pile dwellings 1020:Marin-Epagnier 997:Lake Neuchâtel 989: 986: 938:Main article: 935: 932: 886: 883: 850: 847: 771: 768: 681:Barry Cunliffe 630:Czech Republic 599:Neuenburgersee 591:archaeological 574: 573: 571: 570: 563: 556: 548: 545: 544: 537: 536: 533: 532: 527: 521: 519:Related topics 518: 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 501: 493: 492: 491: 483: 468: 460: 445: 432: 424: 423: 422: 418:Western Europe 414: 406: 398: 394:Central Europe 390: 388:(900 – 650 BC) 386:Eastern Europe 382: 374: 366: 351: 350: 349: 334: 332:(1200–1150 BC) 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 302: 301: 295: 294: 274:of some major 261: 260: 175: 173: 166: 85: 71:permanent link 27: 16: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4166: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4089:Ancient Celts 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4034: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4011: 4010:– in Portugal 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3990:– in Galician 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588:Celtic League 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3580:Pan-Celticism 3577: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456:reunification 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3426: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3070:Triple spiral 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2889:Bardic Poetry 2887: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2858: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2737:Celtic League 2734: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2677:Celtic League 2675: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2667:Pan-Celticism 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2567:Gaelicisation 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2542:Celticisation 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2350:Iron Age Gaul 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333:Roman Britain 2330: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2189:Irish Mexican 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913:Celtic tribes 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699:, Roma, 2003 1698: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1627: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1559: 1550: 1544: 1542: 1535: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1512:of the north. 1511: 1505: 1501: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436:Bad Kreuznach 1433: 1432:Waldalgesheim 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1388:Witham Shield 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348:, perhaps in 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276:: oppidum in 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1263:Lower Austria 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216:Waldalgesheim 1214: 1211: 1210:Kleinaspergle 1208: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1161:Basel oppidum 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1128:Engehalbinsel 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070:shield bosses 1067: 1062: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 985: 983: 979: 978: 972: 970: 965: 961: 960: 955: 951: 947: 941: 931: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 882: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 849:Periodization 846: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 785: 781: 776: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:Great Britain 709: 704: 702: 698: 697:Alpine routes 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665:Mediterranean 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 585: 581: 569: 564: 562: 557: 555: 550: 549: 547: 546: 543: 539: 538: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 516: 515: 508: 506: 502: 500: 498: 494: 488: 484: 473: 469: 465: 461: 450: 446: 442: 438: 437: 436: 433: 431: 430:(1200–200 BC) 429: 425: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402:Great Britain 399: 396:(800 – 50 BC) 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 372:(1100–700 BC) 371: 367: 364:(1200–700 BC) 363: 359: 358: 357: 356: 352: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 326: 325: 324:(1200–550 BC) 323: 319: 318: 312: 311: 308: 304: 303: 300: 297: 296: 292: 288: 287: 281: 277: 276:Celtic tribes 272: 267: 257: 254: 246: 243:February 2012 235: 232: 228: 225: 221: 218: 214: 211: 207: 204: –  203: 199: 198:Find sources: 192: 188: 182: 181: 176:This article 174: 170: 165: 164: 159: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 116: 112: 106: 97: 93: 88: 81: 80: 77: 72: 64: 60: 54: 39: 35: 30: 23: 4066: 4027:Celts portal 3985:– in Spanish 3820:Arran Gaelic 3741:Proto-Celtic 3709:Bungi Creole 3608:Celtic unity 3544:Independence 3343: 3326: 3150:Gaelic music 3086:Celtic Dress 3035:High crosses 3025:Celtic cross 3003:Bell shrines 2934:Irish annals 2716:Neo-Druidism 2711:Celtic Wicca 2682:Celtic union 2646:Modern Celts 2537:Celtic women 2445:Celtic Rites 2394:Transylvania 2254:Ulster Scots 2124:Anglo-Celtic 1971:Celtiberians 1916: 1908: 1900: 1888:modern Celts 1806: 1797:Centum Prata 1717: 1710: 1702: 1692: 1682: 1675: 1656: 1645: 1634: 1622: 1615: 1607: 1602: 1594: 1585: 1577: 1574: 1569: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1534: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1504: 1336:The silver " 1297: 1203: 1189: 1109: 1089: 1082: 1063: 1055: 1043:Eduard Desor 1034: 1024: 1009: 991: 975: 973: 957: 943: 924: 920:Ister/Danube 915: 903: 895: 888: 879: 852: 820: 789: 783: 779: 705: 658: 607: 579: 577: 503: 495: 434: 426: 353: 320: 279: 249: 240: 230: 223: 216: 209: 197: 185:Please help 180:verification 177: 22:old revision 19: 18: 4061:Switzerland 3942:Trimarcisia 3927:Gallóglaigh 3756:Celtiberian 3480:Isle of Man 3439:Nationalism 3328:Bataireacht 3247:Calan Gaeaf 3206:Isle of Man 3050:Leaf-crowns 3040:Insular art 3013:Dragonesque 2975:Isle of Man 2829:Nova Scotia 2782:Isle of Man 2706:Neopaganism 2455:Monasticism 1966:Caledonians 1479:Noric steel 1418:Turoe stone 1321:A woman in 1238:Donnersberg 1001:Switzerland 714:, northern 624:, Southern 618:Switzerland 603:Switzerland 487:Philippines 105:→‎Artifacts 53:→‎Artifacts 20:This is an 4073:Categories 4005:– in Italy 3907:Ceathairne 3771:Gallaecian 3401:Road bowls 3306:Eisteddfod 3274:Calan Awst 3270:Lughnasadh 2876:Literature 2739:definition 2562:Clan chief 2354:Roman Gaul 2345:Hen Ogledd 2071:including 2053:including 1837:Vindonissa 1802:Noviodunum 1358:Copenhagen 1318:, Austria) 1278:Luxembourg 1243:Vill near 940:Celtic art 835:Asia Minor 675:and later 612:, eastern 428:South Asia 307:Bronze Age 213:newspapers 3937:Redshanks 3912:Ceithearn 3640:Brittonic 3632:Languages 3265:Calan Mai 3256:Gŵyl Fair 3230:Festivals 3045:Interlace 2469:Mythology 2377:Gallaecia 1991:Galatians 1842:Vitudurum 1822:Petinesca 1792:Aventicum 1625:dead link 1346:Black Sea 1294:Artifacts 1274:Titelberg 1259:Roseldorf 1245:Innsbruck 1240:: oppidum 1228:Dürrnberg 1186:Bopfingen 1156:Petinesca 1150:Münsingen 1141:: oppidum 1130:: oppidum 1102:in 2009. 1085:sacrifice 1051:Neuchâtel 1047:geologist 988:Discovery 982:afterlife 969:triskeles 964:Hallstatt 946:metalwork 912:Herodotus 885:Ethnology 827:Po Valley 786:Cultures. 780:Hallstatt 685:Po Valley 497:East Asia 472:Indonesia 315:By region 271:Hallstatt 86:Sluzzelin 28:Sluzzelin 3922:Gaesatae 3813:dialects 3776:Lepontic 3766:Galatian 3668:Goidelic 3518:Autonomy 3433:Politics 3386:Rounders 3238:Calendar 3211:Scotland 3196:Cornwall 3191:Brittany 3079:Clothing 3030:Knotwork 3008:Brooches 2980:Scotland 2965:Cornwall 2960:Brittany 2839:Y Wladfa 2794:Scotland 2758:Cornwall 2746:Brittany 2597:Seanchaí 2592:Tanistry 2552:Derbfine 2481:Scottish 2372:Brittany 2368:Domnonée 2364:Armorica 2359:Britonia 2341:Dumnonia 2316:Dálriata 2001:Lepontii 1996:Helvetii 1981:Gallaeci 1817:Octodure 1812:Lousonna 1543:, p. 354 1485:See also 1468:burials. 1466:Glauberg 1331:Burgundy 1283:Reinheim 1222:Glauberg 1166:Bibracte 1139:Manching 1134:Jolimont 1100:Burgundy 1078:chariots 1074:brooches 1005:Iron Age 944:La Tène 871:Scythian 855:Etruscan 823:Hispania 808:Glauberg 720:Burgundy 699:and the 693:Adriatic 642:Slovenia 638:Slovakia 593:site of 587:Iron Age 584:European 464:Malaysia 449:Thailand 342:Caucasus 338:Anatolia 299:Iron Age 291:a series 289:Part of 96:contribs 38:contribs 3975:Deities 3932:Hobelar 3894:Warfare 3857:Warfare 3791:Pictish 3786:Cumbric 3761:Gaulish 3733:Extinct 3653:Cornish 3451:history 3396:Hurling 3370:Ladies' 3361:Curling 3334:Camogie 3261:Beltane 3243:Samhain 3201:Ireland 2970:Ireland 2865:Culture 2834:England 2770:Ireland 2728:Nations 2627:Coinage 2617:Warfare 2510:Society 2501:Cornish 2491:British 2399:Galatia 2389:Balkans 2297:Studies 2034:Cornish 2029:Bretons 2006:Noricum 1961:Britons 1934:Peoples 1827:Turicum 1807:La Tène 1440:Germany 1426:Ireland 1342:Denmark 1308:Austria 1232:Hallein 1145:Mormont 1016:Thielle 1012:drought 993:La Tène 959:fibulae 902:") and 843:Galatia 839:Brennus 831:Balkans 804:Moselle 784:La Tène 756:leather 724:Austria 708:Ireland 701:Venetic 650:Romania 646:Hungary 626:Germany 622:Austria 610:Belgium 595:La Tène 441:Vietnam 378:Balkans 227:scholar 4047:Portal 3970:Tribes 3917:Fianna 3704:Shelta 3648:Breton 3468:status 3406:Shinty 3381:Gouren 3345:Cnapan 3339:Cammag 3252:Imbolc 3175:Carnyx 3101:Tartan 3020:Carnyx 2787:Mannin 2763:Kernow 2751:Breizh 2621:Gaelic 2577:Fáinne 2522:Brehon 2496:Breton 2450:Druids 2304:Places 2011:Volcae 1956:Belgae 1917:· 1915:  1909:· 1907:  1901:· 1899:  1595:Pyrene 1422:Galway 1411:London 1396:London 1381:London 1373:enamel 1369:Thames 1350:Thrace 1096:Zürich 1092:Bienne 1066:swords 1059:canton 1039:Celtic 977:oppida 927:Celtic 916:Keltoi 896:Keltoi 867:Dacian 859:Italic 829:, the 825:, the 744:copper 722:, and 671:, the 634:Poland 628:, the 614:France 582:was a 505:Africa 362:Aegean 355:Europe 346:Levant 293:on the 229:  222:  215:  208:  200:  3960:Lists 3781:Noric 3696:Mixed 3676:Irish 3658:Welsh 3322:Bando 3315:Sport 3216:Wales 3132:Music 3065:Torcs 3055:Mazes 2985:Wales 2811:Cymru 2806:Wales 2689:Music 2612:Vates 2607:Túath 2557:Druid 2486:Welsh 2476:Irish 2067:Scots 2049:Irish 2044:Gaels 2039:Welsh 1986:Gauls 1976:Gaels 1947:Names 1919: 1911: 1903: 1884:Celts 1629:] 1591:Rhone 1420:" in 1255:Platt 1253:near 1230:near 1170:Aedui 1106:Sites 1049:from 954:torcs 908:Gauls 904:Galli 900:Celts 863:Greek 812:Hesse 800:Marne 748:amber 716:Spain 370:Italy 234:JSTOR 220:books 3855:and 3681:Manx 3568:and 2799:Alba 2775:Éire 2694:Rock 2602:Sept 2582:Fili 2517:Bard 2320:Alba 2062:Manx 1886:and 1316:Graz 1302:The 1257:and 1124:Bern 1045:, a 910:"). 869:and 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