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plant. In late 1987, the
Teamsters became an AFLâCIO affiliate. Following this, the Teamsters were the AFLâCIO union tasked with organization at the Golden plant. In September 1988, it was reported that the Teamsters and Coors disagreed on whether a union vote would include only brewery workers (favored by the Teamsters) or an additional 2,000 container workers who were less favorable to unions (favored by Coors). The dispute was at the time being settled by the NLRB. Ultimately, only the brewery workers participated in the union vote. On December 15, 1988, workers at the Golden plant voted against unionizing with the Teamsters. The vote came after 18 months of campaigning, with the final vote being 1,081 against to 413 in favor of unionizing. Among the issues presented during the campaign, the Teamsters cited increased wages and pension plans with Teamsters members at Anheuser-Busch as examples of what could happen with a union at Coors. However, Coors rebutted that Anheuser-Busch was larger than Coors and could therefore afford the larger pay and benefits.
858:. In a vote held that December, the union shop was kept, with 92 percent voting in favor. On March 1 of the following year, the labor contract between Coors and the local expired, and ensuing negotiations on a new contract were bogged down by disagreements between the two. The disagreements were not related to pay, but instead concerned the company's grounds for dismissal and their use of polygraph testing for applicants. Additionally, the company had wanted to change policies regarding seniority rights, which the union opposed. On April 5, 1977, approximately 1,500 union members began a strike action against the company with a mass
951:
579:
275:
238:. A vote was initiated by the company the following year over whether the local union would be dissolved, with a majority of workers voting to dissolve Brewery Workers Local 366. Despite this, the AFLâCIO continued their boycott. By the 1980s, Coors began making deals with several minority groups to do more business with minority companies and to hire more minority workers. Despite this, the boycott continued and expanded to include numerous other groups, such as the
130:
514:. Specifically, they cited the fact that Hispanic workers constituted only a small fraction of the total employees at Coors, with only 27 of the 1,330 employees in 1968 being Mexican Americans (approximately 2 percent of Coors' total workforce). Additionally, many of the jobs held by Hispanic employees at Coors were menial labor positions. Women also constituted a very small portion of Coors' workforce, with only 56 women (44 of whom were
257:. Additionally, the boycott may have encouraged the company to expand nationally, as the company expanded its presence from 11 states in 1975 to 49 states by 1988. In the LGBT community, the boycott left a lasting impact, as several groups and activists still object to Coors over the company's past actions and the family's continued support of conservative politics. As late as 2019, it was reported that Coors was difficult to find in any
851:"which would discourage any person from drinking Coors beer" and "making disparaging remarks about the employer". While the union's president claimed that the labor contract was "pretty lousy", he admitted that the pay and benefits offered by the company were better than most in the industry, and that "s long as they're getting a high wage rate and aren't faced with disciplinary action, their contract doesn't mean much to them".
610:, personal debts the individual owed, political affiliations of the application (specifically regarding "subversive, revolutionary or communist activities"), and a question that read, "Is there anything in your personal life that might tend to discredit or embarrass this company if it were known?" Multiple sources also reported that applicants were asked about their
160:. The boycott, initially local in nature, started in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s, coinciding with a labor strike that happened at the company's brewery in 1977. The strike ended the following year in failure for the union, which was forced to dissolve. The boycott, however, lasted until the mid-1980s, when it was more or less ended.
614:. While critics of the testing alleged that the company used the information collected to prevent people from being hired based on political affiliations or sexuality, the company denied this. According to William Coors, approximately 45 percent of applicants failed the polygraph testing, primarily with regards to questions over drug use.
877:
union dues to support the boycott". Within several weeks from the start of the strike, hundreds of strikebreakers had been hired and many strikers had returned to work. Soon, the main issues of the strike concerned keeping the union shop rule and pushing for the rehiring of strikers. By early 1978, Coors was seeking a vote on whether to
1037:. This had been a point of contention that prevented the February agreement from being approved. Additionally, the AFLâCIO and the company claimed that the agreement would make it easier for worker organization efforts at Coors facilities, However, any union vote would be overseen by a third party such as the
939:, with the company agreeing to do more business with minority businesses and contractors and to hire more minority workers, among other things. As a result of the agreements, the NAACP ended their threats to boycott Coors. The agreements also helped the company's relationship with groups including the
1078:
reporting that the AFLâCIO saw this as a threat to possible union efforts by the IAM, IUOE, and UAW. As part of the agreement, only AFLâCIO unions would be guaranteed to an expedited vote on union representation. Following the agreement, the
Teamsters continued their efforts to organize at the Golden
1032:
took over the day-to-day operations of the company from his father Joseph and immediately began negotiating with the AFLâCIO on an agreement that would end the boycott. The AFLâCIO rejected Coors' initial offer in
February 1987, but on August 19, they announced that they had come to an agreement with
850:
described the unions at Coors as weak, highlighting several failed strikes that had occurred throughout the company's history. At the time, union members reported that working conditions were not ideal, with the biggest point of contention being the 21 causes for firing, which included doing anything
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called the boycott "a complete success, a resounding success" and commented on the "more positive approach taken by (the new) management" at Coors. However, some union members criticized the agreement, as Coors did not guarantee to a union contract. At the time, union membership in the United States
1100:
claimed that "Coors officers have conceded that the boycott, which was joined over the years by various special-interest groups opposed to the outspoken political conservatism of Coors family patriarch Joseph Coors, had damaged its main market areas in the West and its drive for nationwide sales".
876:
Shortly after the start of the strike, Coors began pushing for the union shop rule at the brewery to be revoked, which was strongly opposed by the strikers. According to a company official, Coors "didn't believe non-strikers should be forced to join the union or that people should be forced to pay
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was criticized for accepting a $ 110,000 donation from Coors, stating that, at the time, the boycott was still active in the LGBT community. At the time, Coors was trying to make inroads into the LGBT community by increasing advertisements targeting the community (several of which highlighted the
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and
Anheuser-Busch. Speaking later about the boycott, Pete Coors stated that "the '70s and early '80s were not a stellar time for the company". The decrease in market share in Coors' limited market area may have contributed to the company's decision to expand nationwide, with the company having a
897:
announced that they were ending their boycott, with the GI Forum stating that there had been "some improvement" from the company. However, despite the decertification vote, the AFLâCIO stated their intent to continue their nationwide boycott. Additionally, in the following years, protestors began
1101:
However, these numbers and the impact the boycott had on the decline is disputed by Coors representatives. A company representative in 1983 claimed that, while the boycott hurt sales in
California, the overall decline in sales during this time was due to increased competition from the
866:
if necessary and that, if the striking worker were replaced, they ran the risk of losing their position within the company. On April 12, the AFLâCIO announced a national boycott of Coors in support of Local 366. Around this time, then-company president Jeff Coors, in speaking to the
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against the protestors. The same year, the boycott grew nationwide, with the national chapter of the
American GI Forum instituting a boycott against Coors. This action was supported by several other national organizations representing Hispanics and Mexican Americans, including the
518:) working for the company in 1967. In August 1970, the Colorado Civil Rights Commission found the company guilty of firing a worker due to his race. The commission would ultimately rule against the company on two separate occasions in the early 1970s for discriminating against
234:(the United States' largest federation of labor unions) initiated a nationwide boycott of Coors. The strike lasted for over 20 months, during which time a majority of the union members went back to work without a contract after the company began replacing strikers with
881:, and, after agreeing to pay $ 254,000 in back pay, the election became official. By June, it was reported that a majority of strikers had returned to work, and by the time of the vote in early December, only 500 of the initial 1,500 strikers were still on strike. The
664:, a noted gay activist and politician, who met with Baird in 1973 and helped coordinate the boycott, strengthening the alliance between the traditionally conservative Teamsters union and the area's gay community. Through Milk, the boycott spread throughout the
3199:
1057:(UAW) also expressed interest in organizing Coors workers. An AFLâCIO representative at the time of the announcement claimed that it was "arguably the biggest victory in my time at the federation, and that covers 18 years", while AFLâCIO president
966:
farmers. That same year, Coors announced they would be ending their use of polygraph testing, which had been one of the main issues between the company and union. The replacement screening process would involve a partnership with the firm
606:, were a major point of contention among union members at the company, with the union alleging that the questions asked violated privacy and led to discrimination. Questions asked during the testing covered topics including the use of
926:
voted to ban the beer from the college. Around this time, however, Coors began reaching out to groups that had threatened to boycott. In
October 1987, the company signed a $ 325 million agreement with a coalition consisting of the
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was the single largest brewing facility in the world. That year, the company did approximately $ 440 million in sales. Its product was notable at the time for being one of the few beers created in the United States not to be
526:(EEOC) alleged that almost all of the African Americans and Mexican Americans at Coors worked in unskilled or semiskilled positions and that almost all of the women were employed in either office or service positions, or as
979:. By 1987, Coors had expanded its market to include 47 states, and it was the only brewery among the top 15 in the nation that was not unionized. In February of that year, during a speech given by William Coors at the
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article, "The change in employee practices is important. But meanwhile theyâre still trying to kill us. For anyone in the gay community to do business with Coors is suicidal." In 2002, the LGBT newspaper
1003:, with the AFLâCIO organizing a regional boycott. However, at the time, the non-AFLâCIO affiliated Teamsters were not part of the boycott, instead focusing on organizing the workers at a Coors brewery in
1095:
in
California had dropped from a high of over 40 percent to just 14 percent. In the company's home state of Colorado, there was a similar drop from 47 percent in 1977 to 24 percent in 1984. In 1987 the
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practices, and by 1973, the boycott had expanded to include members of that community. The LGBT community also began to forge an alliance against Coors with local unions, who resented the company's
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commented that "to this day, you canât find Coors in a gay bar in San
Francisco", a claim backed up by a 2017 article by the Teamsters on the impact of the boycott. A 2014 article published by
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The strike and boycott had a direct economic impact on Coors, with the company's market share in several western states dropping from over 40 percent to as low as 17 percent in the case of
2057:
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570:. Representatives from the American GI Forum had several meetings with William Coors during this time to address the issues they were protesting, but the discussions proved fruitless.
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stating, "Organized labor has been in such desperate straits that the Coors settlement has been perceived as a victory â even though the workers at Coors are still without a union."
910:(a non-AFLâCIO union with approximately 2 million members at the time, making it the largest labor union in the United States) voted to support the boycott. That same year, the
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In 1986, the South Dakota
Farmers Union announced they would also be boycotting Coors following advertisements Coors released that the union said cast aspersions on local
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In addition to employment discrimination, Hispanic activists also singled out Joseph Coors' actions while university regent, as well as the Coors family's response to the
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by 1988. This is compared to the company's stance in 1975, when a company representative claimed there were no plans at the time to expand to the eastern United States.
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and an agreement to an expedited union vote at its Golden facility. In December 1988, workers at the Golden brewery voted against unionizing by a margin of over 2 to 1.
246:. However, in August 1987, the AFLâCIO agreed to end the boycott, with Coors making several concessions that included the use of union labor to build a new facility in
2084:
535:
1140:. However, individuals within the community criticized the company's past and the Coors family's continued support for right-wing politics. As a representative for
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claimed that the company had had a union presence for 42 years at that time, giving a year of 1936 for when union representation began. However, a 1979 article in
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2568:"Sold only in the West, Coors beer is smuggled to the East. Henry Kissinger drinks it. So does Paul Newman, though he would abhor the Coors family's politics"
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the company and would be ending their boycott.. Among the concessions, the company agreed to use union workers in the construction of their new facility in
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1998:
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1274:: "The purpose of this letter is to express our gratitude to you for your excellent support and activities on behalf of the Coors Strike and Boycott."
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published images reportedly showing Coors trucks being used to transport grapes harvested by non-union farmers to markets. In 1969, 43 students at
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between union members and Coors wholesalers during an event held by company representatives who were publicizing Coors' expansion into the state.
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In 1976, under the provisions of Colorado's Labor Peace Law, Coors demanded a vote amongst brewery workers on whether the brewery would remain a
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brewery, went on strike over noneconomic issues related to, among other things, the company's use of polygraph testing and their 21 grounds for
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to organize at the location. However, in the following decades, the company would have a troubled relationship with organized labor, with the
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was also involved, and he later claimed that the Bay Area boycott was the first ever instance of collaboration between labor unions and the
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protested Coors by blocking people at a local pub from ordering Coors beer. 15 of the students were arrested, and the college later filed a
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later claimed that the boycott was "perhaps one of the first major public demonstrations of the links between class and sexual identity".
3200:"'A Political Fight Over Beer': The 1977 Coors Beer Boycott, and the Relationship Between LabourâGay Alliances and LGBT Social Mobility"
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In the years after the boycott ended, the relationship between Coors and the LGBT community remained frayed. In a 1998 article from the
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Sources differ on the number of brewery workers at the plant at the time of the vote, with sources claiming 1,500, 1,600, and 1,700.
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reported on December 14 that workers had voted 993 to 408 to decertify Brewery Workers Local 366, bringing an end to the strike.
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420:. He also opposed the creation of a chapter of the United Mexican American Students on campus, as well as the creation of
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935:, two African American activist organizations. An additional $ 300 million agreement was made with the Hispanic group
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26:
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At the time of the agreement, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at the Golden facility, with the
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239:
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groups initiated a boycott due to the Coors Brewing Company discriminatory practices that targeted Hispanics and
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1988:
183:, and by the 1970s, the boycott covered much of Coors' market area and involved Hispanic, African American, and
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907:
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test during their hiring process, which they alleged allowed them to discriminate against LGBT individuals. In
311:. By 1975, it had grown to become the fourth-largest brewing company in the United States, and its brewery in
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1133:
587:
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1049:(IAM) announced their intent to start organizing drives at both the Elkton and Golden facilities, while the
873:, claimed that agreeing to the union's proposals was like "inviting the Russians in to take over America".
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as an "ultraconservative zealot". During the late 1960s to early 1970s, Joseph served as a member of the
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that criticized Coors and contended that the boycott was still active. In 2019, union and LGBT activist
862:. However, the next day, the company sent letters to the striking employees saying that they would hire
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claimed that a union had been invited to organize at the brewery 45 years prior, giving a year of 1934.
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stating that they "effectively helped stunt the company's growth". In the late 1970s, the company's
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Local 366, which had existed at the plant since at least a failed strike in 1957. A 1975 article in
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stated that "grudges against Coors continue" among groups that had been involved in the boycotts.
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reported on the "nofficial returns" in the voting tally as happening on the night of December 14.
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By 1975, several members of the Coors family held leadership positions in the company, including
3229:
Brewing a Boycott: How a Grassroots Coalition Fought Coors and Remade American Consumer Activism
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549:, the Coors family supported non-union grape growers, and the Crusade for Justice's newspaper
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2636:"10-Year Coors Boycott Ends as Unions Win Concessions : Firm OKs Voting at Colo. Plant"
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claiming that the company had destroyed 19 different unions at their facilities, including
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The boycott began in 1966 as a regional affair coordinated by the Colorado chapter of the
8:
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688:
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53:
2667:"The Coors Boycott: The LGBTQ movement and people's counter-offensive against the right"
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During the boycott, brewery workers at Coors had union representation as members of the
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union formed an alliance to promote the boycott that involved noted gay rights activist
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the executive and his company. That same month, Coors expanded their market to include
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2429:"What Would Harvey Milk Say About President Clinton's Speech at the Manchester Hyatt?"
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End date represents the date that brewery workers voted to decertify the local union.
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467:, and he additionally provided grants and funding to conservatives groups including
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2020:
The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism
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Another point of contention between the company and protestors involved the use of
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tests on job applicants, a process that the company had implemented following the
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2018:
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672:. Milk also encouraged the Teamsters to hire openly gay people and to oppose the
527:
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353:
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324:. The company was also notable for only selling its products in 11 states in the
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was criticized for refusing to run an ad submitted by the LGBT committee of the
195:. The latter group was involved due in large part to Coors' practice of using a
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1993:
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329:
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402:, both grandsons of Adolph's. The family was well known for their support of
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545:. During the strike and associated boycott, which had been organized by the
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2014:
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Parties, criticized Coors' actions as regent. In 1974, he was nominated by
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stating that voting happened from December 13 to 14, while a 1991 book by
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Local 366, which represented over 1,500 workers at the company's flagship
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2048:"The solution to the craft beer industry's sexism and diversity problems"
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One source gives this number as approximately 1,400. A 1988 article in
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also launched a boycott due in part to Joseph Coors' opposition to the
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992:
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Sources vary on the exact dates of the vote, with a 1979 article in
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was also involved in the boycott and brought it to the attention of
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972:
729:
646:
493:
328:, as opposed to the national distribution of its main competitors:
320:, which required the beer to be constantly refrigerated to prevent
297:
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175:. Additionally, they were opposed to the Coors family's support of
168:
149:
3153:"Union's Survival Is at Stake in 14âMonth Strike at Coors Brewery"
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causes. Soon afterwards, the boycott expanded through much of the
58:
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1087:
The strike and boycotts had a considerable impact on Coors, with
968:
859:
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650:
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356:(who had succeeded his father as chief of the company) invited a
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Despite the company's claims, Coors became known throughout the
2376:
Jimenez, Rolando (April 1976). "COORS: El Precio Que Pagamos".
2339:"Union at Coors May Be Broken But It Hasn't Halted Its Boycott"
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that would have banned LGBT teachers from employment. Activist
503:
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Strikebreakers and union members hired without labor contracts
645:
and Teamsters member) to organize a largescale boycott in the
2892:
The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk
1047:
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
954:
Approximately 200 students picketed Joseph Coors outside the
928:
893:
In 1979, both the American GI Forum and the California-based
2920:"Brewing Controversy : Coors Clan: Doing It Their Way"
2309:"Teamsters Pride At Work: A Look Back At The Coors Boycott"
2075:"The Coors Boycott: When A Beer Can Signaled Your Politics"
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2495:"How LGBTQ Union Activists Transformed the Labor Movement"
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against Coors due to the company's discrimination against
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to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
716:(1 year, 8 months, 1 week and 2 days)
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United States District Court for the District of Colorado
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2161:"Coors Flattens Brewery Workers Union, Battles Boycott"
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after it was revealed that he had donated money to the
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20th century labor action against Coors Brewing Company
2834:"Coors' New Brew: Taking Out the Political Aftertaste"
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416:, during which time he took a hardline stance against
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Cole, B. Erin; Brantley, Allyson (October 3, 2014).
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167:
and the Denver-based Crusade for Justice. These two
1963:
1880:
1670:
1568:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1440:
1438:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
352:activities at the brewery began in the 1930s, when
3260:Out in the Union: A Labor History of Queer America
3108:
3066:
3028:
2986:
2761:"Coors Boycott Coordinator Expresses Appreciation"
1948:
1939:
1907:
1863:
1815:
1682:
1593:
1348:
1316:
1062:had been on the decline, with activist and writer
538:, with the company settling out of court in 1977.
451:. However, his nomination was later killed by the
3434:Postâcivil rights era in African-American history
2634:
2604:
1835:
1794:
1785:
1740:
1646:
1612:
1532:
522:workers. A September 1975 complaint filed by the
3290:
1492:
1435:
1357:
1236:gives the vote dates as December 14 and 15. The
746:Disagreements over content of new labor contract
602:. These tests, conducted during the applicant's
1113:
406:causes, with Joseph in particular described by
340:. This limited market area led to considerable
3068:"A.F.L.-C.I.O. Agrees to End Boycott of Coors"
3030:"Coors Tries to Conquer Southeast Beer Market"
2723:"Making Big Business a Threat it Can't Refuse"
600:1960 kidnapping and murder of Adolph Coors III
506:-based group Crusade for Justice, initiated a
492:Starting in 1966, the Colorado chapter of the
2795:"Union Boycott of Coors Extended to New York"
1129:Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation
629:. Around this time, president Allan Baird of
586:(left) helped coordinate an alliance between
2565:
2453:
2399:"AFL-CIO Ends 10-Year Boycott of Coors Beer"
2072:
1927:
1429:
1310:
269:
1641:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 2017
1136:to workers) and donating to events such as
3389:Hispanic and Latino American working class
2023:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1051:International Union of Operating Engineers
463:. Joseph would later donate money towards
455:, which expressed concerns over potential
3226:
2566:Lichtenstein, Grace (December 28, 1975).
2045:
1989:"Public messaging vs. internal practices"
1459:
1045:(NLRB). Shortly after the agreement, the
465:Ronald Reagan's 1976 residential campaign
2720:
2664:
2396:
2277:
2223:
1986:
1857:
1773:
1758:
1734:
1664:
1562:
1069:
949:
945:League of United Latin American Citizens
577:
273:
230:. Shortly after the strike started, the
128:
66:Revision as of 15:13, 31 August 2021 by
47:
2858:
2831:
2523:
2375:
2265:from the original on September 16, 2018
2102:"Coors: Joseph Coors has met the enemy"
2099:
2013:
1969:
1886:
1722:
1676:
1587:
1526:
1471:
1398:
1327:
1024:Agreement between the AFLâCIO and Coors
1007:. In March, a scuffle broke out at the
524:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
65:
14:
3394:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
3291:
2944:
2917:
2885:
2846:from the original on November 25, 2020
2693:
2314:International Brotherhood of Teamsters
2116:from the original on February 11, 2020
2046:Brantley, Allyson P. (June 3, 2021a).
1957:
1874:
1705:
1486:
895:Mexican American Political Association
428:. Contemporary regents, from both the
3257:
3197:
2873:from the original on December 1, 2020
2789:
2708:from the original on December 5, 2020
2681:from the original on January 22, 2021
2492:
2423:
2333:
2321:from the original on January 28, 2021
2250:
2189:(Winter 1999). "Making out at Work".
2155:
2128:
1803:
1746:
1652:
1623:
1545:
1444:
1386:
1018:
906:sponsored by Coors. Around 1984, the
804:Workers vote to decertify local union
633:Local 921, which had organized Coors
414:Regents of the University of Colorado
44:
25:
3384:Hispanic and Latino American history
3334:African-American history of Colorado
3150:
2918:Stumbo, Bella (September 18, 1988).
2832:Richter, Paul (September 27, 1987).
2529:"Labor Truce Welcomed at Coors Base"
2397:Johnston, Oswald (August 20, 1987).
2185:
2143:from the original on August 24, 2019
1606:
1509:
888:
488:Hispanic and African American groups
84:(Added references to image captions)
49:(Added references to image captions)
17:
2721:Peterson, Iver (December 2, 1984).
2606:"Coors to Stop Using Lie Detectors"
2511:from the original on March 21, 2021
2224:Grossman, Evan O. (March 5, 1987).
2129:Dangl, Benjamin (August 11, 2009).
2087:from the original on March 20, 2021
2001:from the original on March 14, 2021
924:University of Massachusetts Amherst
574:Polygraph testing and LGBT response
564:Mexican American Youth Organization
449:Corporation for Public Broadcasting
119:
88:
3233:University of North Carolina Press
3198:Blake, Kieran (January 24, 2020).
3191:
2932:from the original on April 6, 2021
2859:Roberts, Michael (June 27, 2002).
2675:Party for Socialism and Liberation
2251:Hsiao, Andrew (November 3, 1998).
2238:from the original on June 23, 2014
1987:Anderson, Dave (October 8, 2015).
653:refusing to carry Coors products.
590:and labor unions to boycott Coors.
384:The Coors family and social issues
120:
3450:
3409:LGBT history in the United States
2648:. August 19, 1987. Archived from
2618:. August 29, 1986. Archived from
2441:from the original on June 6, 2021
2411:from the original on June 5, 2021
2295:from the original on June 5, 2021
2060:from the original on June 3, 2021
1217:gives a specific number of 1,472.
918:, and with Coors' expansion into
714:April 5, 1977 â December 14, 1978
482:
52:. The present address (URL) is a
3404:LGBT civil rights demonstrations
3110:"Coors Workers Reject Teamsters"
2778:. March 20, 1978. Archived from
2665:McDevitt, John (July 28, 2015).
1039:American Arbitration Association
698:
477:National Right to Work Committee
3429:National Organization for Women
3324:1978 labor disputes and strikes
3314:1977 labor disputes and strikes
3231:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
2694:Mirken, Bruce (July 13, 2001).
2100:Crisman, Robert (Winter 1978).
1979:
1243:
1220:
1205:
1196:
1106:presence in every state except
912:National Organization for Women
758:Change in grounds for dismissal
555:Southern Colorado State College
530:. That month, the EEOC filed a
240:National Organization for Women
3424:National Education Association
3251:10.5149/9781469661056_brantley
3227:Brantley, Allyson P. (2021b).
1177:
1132:fact that the company offered
1043:National Labor Relations Board
908:National Education Association
453:U.S. Senate Commerce Committee
334:Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company
244:National Education Association
13:
1:
3439:Protests in the United States
3419:Molson Coors Beverage Company
3151:Wins, Molly (June 12, 1978).
2776:United Farmworkers of America
2460:"TEAMSTERS DEFEATED AT COORS"
1256:
1134:domestic partnership benefits
588:San Francisco's gay community
534:against the company with the
264:
3339:Alcohol in the United States
1114:Legacy in the LGBT community
304:that was founded in 1873 by
7:
2493:Kelly, Kim (June 7, 2019).
2283:"Muscling In On Texas Beer"
1271:President's Newsletter 1978
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
3455:
3399:Labor disputes in Colorado
3204:Midlands Historical Review
3163:The New York Times Company
3120:The New York Times Company
3078:The New York Times Company
3040:The New York Times Company
2998:The New York Times Company
2960:The New York Times Company
2950:"The Beer and The Boycott"
2805:The New York Times Company
2733:The New York Times Company
2578:The New York Times Company
2539:The New York Times Company
2349:The New York Times Company
218:In April 1977, members of
3354:Boycotts of organizations
2253:"The GLAAD Hand of Coors"
1082:
815:
810:
795:
771:
752:
740:
720:
710:
705:
270:Coors and organized labor
3414:Mexican-American history
2861:"A Brewing Disagreement"
1928:Kelleher & Reid 1988
1430:Cole & Brantley 2014
1170:
985:Cambridge, Massachusetts
473:Free Congress Foundation
390:Executive Vice President
146:Coors strike and boycott
3264:Temple University Press
2110:Freedom Socialist Party
469:The Heritage Foundation
3344:Anti-Mexican sentiment
3258:Frank, Miriam (2014).
2768:President's Newsletter
1157:National Lawyers Guild
1103:Miller Brewing Company
1009:New York State Capitol
981:Harvard Science Center
959:
956:Harvard Science Center
916:Equal Rights Amendment
649:, leading to numerous
591:
497:veterans' organization
404:conservative political
380:, among other groups.
344:of the product to the
289:
148:refers to a series of
141:
3304:1970s in LGBT history
3126:. December 17, 1988.
3004:. December 15, 1978.
2527:(September 7, 1987).
2458:(December 17, 1988).
2201:Duke University Press
2131:"Boycotting Big Beer"
2080:Colorado Public Radio
1183:A 1978 report by the
1165:Colorado Public Radio
1120:alternative newspaper
1070:Teamsters union drive
953:
941:National Urban League
830:Coors Brewing Company
581:
457:conflicts of interest
397:Chairman of the Board
346:eastern United States
338:Pabst Brewing Company
294:Coors Brewing Company
277:
205:city's LGBT community
158:Coors Brewing Company
139:Coors Brewing Company
132:
45:15:13, 31 August 2021
3177:on December 10, 2020
3054:on February 14, 2018
2948:(January 31, 1988).
2622:on November 12, 2020
2592:on November 12, 2020
2480:on December 10, 2020
2159:(January 22, 1979).
987:, approximately 200
706:1977â78 Coors strike
177:right wing political
3138:on January 30, 2018
3096:on November 4, 2017
3084:. August 20, 1987.
2988:"Around the Nation"
2819:on November 3, 2017
2747:on January 30, 2018
2696:"Coors Courts Gays"
2553:on November 5, 2017
2465:The Washington Post
2434:The Huffington Post
2231:The Harvard Crimson
2226:"Is Coors the One?"
2166:The Washington Post
2053:The Washington Post
1229:The Washington Post
1190:The Washington Post
1055:United Auto Workers
902:, a Colorado-based
879:decertify the union
689:gay rights movement
655:Gay rights activist
547:United Farm Workers
543:Delano grape strike
187:groups, as well as
95:â Previous revision
3158:The New York Times
3115:The New York Times
3073:The New York Times
3035:The New York Times
2993:The New York Times
2955:The New York Times
2897:St. Martin's Press
2800:The New York Times
2785:on March 18, 2015.
2728:The New York Times
2573:The New York Times
2534:The New York Times
2525:Knudson, Thomas J.
2427:(March 15, 2009).
2390:community.28035516
2363:on August 20, 2020
2344:The New York Times
1941:The New York Times
1909:The New York Times
1817:The New York Times
1350:The New York Times
1214:The New York Times
1152:Out Front Colorado
1019:End of the boycott
989:Harvard University
960:
922:, students at the
848:The New York Times
612:sexual orientation
592:
461:John Birch Society
445:board of directors
409:The New York Times
290:
261:in San Francisco.
142:
3369:Consumer boycotts
3273:978-1-4399-1139-6
3242:978-1-4696-6103-2
3042:. April 2, 1983.
2925:Los Angeles Times
2906:978-0-312-56085-0
2839:Los Angeles Times
2793:(March 9, 1987).
2641:Los Angeles Times
2611:Los Angeles Times
2454:Kelleher, Susan;
2404:Los Angeles Times
2258:The Village Voice
2106:Freedom Socialist
2034:978-0-89608-416-2
1837:Los Angeles Times
1787:Los Angeles Times
1489:, pp. 82â83.
1401:, pp. 80â81.
1311:Lichtenstein 1975
1124:The Village Voice
1098:Los Angeles Times
1076:Los Angeles Times
958:in February 1987.
904:road bicycle race
889:Continued boycott
870:Los Angeles Times
840:
839:
836:
835:
559:restraining order
512:Mexican Americans
502:, along with the
500:American GI Forum
426:Chicana/o studies
173:African Americans
165:American GI Forum
3446:
3349:Beer in Colorado
3319:1978 in Colorado
3309:1977 in Colorado
3285:
3262:. Philadelphia:
3254:
3223:
3222:on May 16, 2021.
3218:. Archived from
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3147:
3145:
3143:
3134:. Archived from
3124:Associated Press
3105:
3103:
3101:
3092:. Archived from
3082:Associated Press
3063:
3061:
3059:
3050:. Archived from
3025:
3023:
3021:
3016:on March 7, 2018
3012:. Archived from
3002:Associated Press
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:. Archived from
2946:Tasini, Jonathan
2941:
2939:
2937:
2914:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2815:. Archived from
2786:
2784:
2765:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:. Archived from
2717:
2715:
2713:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:on April 9, 2021
2646:Associated Press
2631:
2629:
2627:
2616:Associated Press
2601:
2599:
2597:
2588:. Archived from
2562:
2560:
2558:
2549:. Archived from
2520:
2518:
2516:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2476:. Archived from
2450:
2448:
2446:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2393:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2359:. Archived from
2337:(May 28, 1979).
2330:
2328:
2326:
2317:. June 2, 2017.
2304:
2302:
2300:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2220:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2169:. Archived from
2152:
2150:
2148:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2042:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1925:
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1384:
1355:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1275:
1267:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:Associated Press
1224:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1185:Associated Press
1181:
1041:rather than the
1013:Albany, New York
1005:Elkton, Virginia
883:Associated Press
817:
816:
703:
702:
674:Briggs Amendment
670:gay neighborhood
604:background check
568:Raza Unida Party
528:clerical workers
520:African American
418:student activism
313:Golden, Colorado
224:Golden, Colorado
135:Golden, Colorado
107:Newer revision â
85:
82:
61:
59:current revision
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3359:Brewery workers
3289:
3288:
3274:
3243:
3194:
3192:Further reading
3189:
3180:
3178:
3141:
3139:
3099:
3097:
3057:
3055:
3019:
3017:
2977:
2975:
2974:on May 12, 2021
2935:
2933:
2907:
2876:
2874:
2849:
2847:
2822:
2820:
2791:Prial, Frank J.
2782:
2763:
2750:
2748:
2711:
2709:
2684:
2682:
2671:Liberation News
2655:
2653:
2625:
2623:
2595:
2593:
2556:
2554:
2514:
2512:
2483:
2481:
2444:
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2364:
2324:
2322:
2298:
2296:
2279:Hurt III, Harry
2268:
2266:
2241:
2239:
2176:
2174:
2173:on June 4, 2021
2146:
2144:
2119:
2117:
2090:
2088:
2063:
2061:
2035:
2025:South End Press
2004:
2002:
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1182:
1178:
1173:
1161:Nancy Wohlforth
1144:stated in that
1116:
1089:Jonathan Tasini
1085:
1072:
1064:Jonathan Tasini
1053:(IUOE) and the
1026:
1021:
891:
844:Brewery Workers
832:
825:
822:Brewery Workers
736:
715:
701:
666:Castro District
576:
490:
485:
386:
354:Adolph Coors II
350:Organized labor
306:German American
302:brewing company
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267:
220:Brewery Workers
125:
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99:Latest revision
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69:JJonahJackalope
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28:JJonahJackalope
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2394:
2378:El Despertador
2373:
2331:
2305:
2281:(March 1976).
2275:
2248:
2221:
2183:
2153:
2126:
2097:
2070:
2043:
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2011:
1994:Boulder Weekly
1983:
1981:
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1460:Brantley 2021a
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1115:
1112:
1084:
1081:
1071:
1068:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
933:Operation PUSH
898:targeting the
890:
887:
864:strikebreakers
838:
837:
834:
833:
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681:ballot measure
619:LGBT community
575:
572:
489:
486:
484:
483:Boycott begins
481:
438:U.S. President
385:
382:
330:Anheuser-Busch
271:
268:
266:
263:
236:strikebreakers
193:LGBT activists
185:women's rights
137:, home of the
123:
68:
54:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2887:Shilts, Randy
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2016:
2015:Bellant, Russ
2012:
2000:
1996:
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1971:
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1770:
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1759:Peterson 1984
1755:
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1735:Anderson 2015
1731:
1725:, p. 81.
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1609:, p. 91.
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1563:McDevitt 2015
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1529:, p. 80.
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400:William Coors
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133:Cityscape of
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55:
39:
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30:
23:
3374:Coors family
3282:j.ctt14bsx3t
3259:
3228:
3220:the original
3207:
3203:
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3175:the original
3156:
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3136:the original
3113:
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3094:the original
3071:
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3052:the original
3033:
3018:. Retrieved
3014:the original
2991:
2976:. Retrieved
2972:the original
2953:
2934:. Retrieved
2923:
2911:Google Books
2909:– via
2891:
2875:. Retrieved
2864:
2848:. Retrieved
2837:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2798:
2780:the original
2771:
2767:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:the original
2726:
2710:. Retrieved
2701:Mother Jones
2699:
2683:. Retrieved
2670:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2639:
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2620:the original
2609:
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2590:the original
2571:
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2551:the original
2532:
2513:. Retrieved
2498:
2482:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2463:
2443:. Retrieved
2432:
2425:Jones, Cleve
2413:. Retrieved
2402:
2381:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:the original
2342:
2335:Ivins, Molly
2323:. Retrieved
2312:
2297:. Retrieved
2286:
2267:. Retrieved
2256:
2240:. Retrieved
2229:
2196:
2190:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:the original
2164:
2157:Dewar, Helen
2145:. Retrieved
2136:CounterPunch
2134:
2118:. Retrieved
2105:
2089:. Retrieved
2078:
2062:. Retrieved
2051:
2039:Google Books
2037:– via
2019:
2003:. Retrieved
1992:
1980:Bibliography
1970:Roberts 2002
1965:
1940:
1935:
1908:
1887:Knudson 1987
1882:
1836:
1816:
1811:
1786:
1781:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1723:Bellant 1991
1677:Crisman 1978
1672:
1660:
1648:
1588:Richter 1987
1527:Bellant 1991
1472:Bellant 1991
1467:
1399:Bellant 1991
1394:
1349:
1328:Jimenez 1976
1270:
1265:
1245:
1234:Russ Bellant
1227:
1222:
1212:
1207:
1198:
1188:
1179:
1150:
1145:
1122:
1117:
1097:
1093:market share
1086:
1075:
1073:
1027:
961:
892:
875:
868:
853:
847:
841:
643:truck driver
635:distribution
616:
593:
550:
540:
491:
407:
393:Joseph Coors
387:
374:electricians
370:boilermakers
366:local unions
309:Adolph Coors
291:
252:
217:
189:labor unions
162:
156:against the
145:
143:
126:
121:
22:old revision
19:
18:
3379:Harvey Milk
2456:Reid, T. R.
2192:Social Text
1958:Mirken 2001
1875:Stumbo 1988
1706:Tasini 1988
1487:Shilts 1982
796:Resulted in
691:. Activist
685:Cleve Jones
662:Harvey Milk
658:Scott Smith
637:workers in
584:Harvey Milk
378:ironworkers
358:labor union
342:bootlegging
322:going stale
318:pasteurized
287:Clear Creek
213:Harvey Milk
20:This is an
3293:Categories
2505:Condé Nast
2500:Teen Vogue
2203:: 89â110.
2187:Gold, Tami
1804:Prial 1987
1747:Ivins 1979
1653:Jones 2009
1624:Kelly 2019
1546:Hsiao 1998
1445:Dangl 2009
1387:Dewar 1979
1257:References
1030:Pete Coors
1001:New Jersey
977:communists
856:union shop
678:California
623:homophobic
475:, and the
434:Republican
430:Democratic
424:regarding
336:, and the
285:along the
265:Background
255:California
3216:2516-8568
3171:0362-4331
3132:0362-4331
3090:0362-4331
3048:0362-4331
3010:0362-4331
2968:0362-4331
2813:0362-4331
2741:0362-4331
2586:0362-4331
2547:0362-4331
2474:0190-8286
2357:0362-4331
2209:0164-2472
1607:Gold 1999
1510:Wins 1978
1028:In 1985,
991:students
973:narcotics
824:Local 366
783:Picketing
763:polygraph
741:Caused by
693:Tami Gold
631:Teamsters
608:marijuana
596:polygraph
582:Activist
228:dismissal
209:Teamsters
197:polygraph
2930:Archived
2889:(1982).
2871:Archived
2866:Westword
2844:Archived
2706:Archived
2679:Archived
2509:Archived
2439:Archived
2409:Archived
2384:(3): 2.
2319:Archived
2293:Archived
2263:Archived
2236:Archived
2141:Archived
2114:Archived
2085:Archived
2058:Archived
2017:(1991).
1999:Archived
1035:Virginia
997:New York
993:picketed
943:and the
730:Colorado
721:Location
651:gay bars
647:Bay Area
621:for its
566:and the
551:El Gallo
494:Hispanic
447:for the
298:Colorado
248:Virginia
242:and the
207:and the
169:Hispanic
150:boycotts
79:contribs
38:contribs
3364:Chicano
3329:AFLâCIO
3181:June 4,
3142:June 4,
3100:June 4,
3058:June 4,
3020:June 5,
2978:June 4,
2936:June 5,
2877:June 4,
2850:June 4,
2823:June 4,
2751:June 6,
2712:June 4,
2685:June 4,
2656:June 4,
2626:June 5,
2596:June 4,
2557:June 4,
2515:June 4,
2484:June 4,
2445:June 6,
2415:June 5,
2367:June 4,
2325:June 4,
2299:June 5,
2269:June 6,
2242:June 4,
2177:June 4,
2147:June 4,
2120:June 6,
2091:June 4,
2064:June 6,
2005:June 5,
1108:Indiana
969:Equifax
937:La Raza
860:walkout
811:Parties
788:Walkout
772:Methods
765:testing
761:End to
532:lawsuit
508:boycott
443:to the
422:courses
362:AFLâCIO
300:-based
283:brewery
259:gay bar
232:AFLâCIO
3280:
3270:
3249:
3239:
3214:
3169:
3130:
3088:
3046:
3008:
2966:
2903:
2811:
2774:(20).
2739:
2584:
2545:
2472:
2388:
2355:
2217:488681
2215:
2207:
2199:(61).
2031:
1142:ACT UP
1127:, the
1083:Impact
964:barley
726:Golden
504:Denver
471:, the
376:, and
332:, the
203:, the
3278:JSTOR
3247:JSTOR
2783:(PDF)
2764:(PDF)
2386:JSTOR
2213:JSTOR
1171:Notes
929:NAACP
753:Goals
516:white
296:is a
280:Coors
3268:ISBN
3237:ISBN
3212:ISSN
3183:2021
3167:ISSN
3144:2021
3128:ISSN
3102:2021
3086:ISSN
3060:2021
3044:ISSN
3022:2021
3006:ISSN
2980:2021
2964:ISSN
2938:2021
2901:ISBN
2879:2021
2852:2021
2825:2021
2809:ISSN
2753:2021
2737:ISSN
2714:2021
2687:2021
2658:2021
2628:2021
2598:2021
2582:ISSN
2559:2021
2543:ISSN
2517:2021
2486:2021
2470:ISSN
2447:2021
2417:2021
2369:2021
2353:ISSN
2327:2021
2301:2021
2271:2021
2244:2021
2205:ISSN
2179:2021
2149:2021
2122:2021
2093:2021
2066:2021
2029:ISBN
2007:2021
1943:1983
1911:1988
1839:1987
1819:1987
1789:1986
1352:1978
999:and
931:and
711:Date
676:, a
432:and
395:and
292:The
278:The
191:and
152:and
144:The
111:diff
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103:diff
91:diff
75:talk
34:talk
1011:in
983:in
975:or
43:at
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