Bee: Difference between revisions

1342: 1244: 1167: 1129: 913: 1816:, or, most commonly, in tunnels in the ground. The female typically creates a compartment (a "cell") with an egg and some provisions for the resulting larva, then seals it off. A nest may consist of numerous cells. When the nest is in wood, usually the last (those closer to the entrance) contain eggs that will become males. The adult does not provide care for the brood once the egg is laid, and usually dies after making one or more nests. The males typically emerge first and are ready for mating when the females emerge. Solitary bees are either stingless or very unlikely to sting (only in self-defense, if ever). 1893:, followed by the emergence of a winged adult. Most solitary bees and bumble bees in temperate climates overwinter as adults or pupae and emerge in spring when increasing numbers of flowering plants come into bloom. The males usually emerge first and search for females with which to mate. The sex of a bee is determined by whether or not the egg is fertilised; after mating, a female stores the sperm, and determines which sex is required at the time each individual egg is laid, fertilised eggs producing female offspring and unfertilised eggs, males. Tropical bees may have several generations in a year and no 378: 2310: 2451: 1383: 8598: 8630: 1016: 401: 1195: 2357: 1519: 2775: 1788: 1741: 2063: 2164: 1223: 2095: 1871: 1108: 1934: 8964: 1921:

jaws for chewing their food and an appendage on either side of the mouth tipped with a bristle. There is a gland under the mouth that secretes a viscous liquid which solidifies into the silk they use to produce their cocoons. The pupa can be seen through the semi-transparent cocoon and over the course of a few days, the insect undergoes metamorphosis into the form of the adult bee. When ready to emerge, it splits its skin dorsally and climbs out of the

1672: 1044: 1901: 745: 2546: 1072: 1596: 1458: 71: 2889: 2661: 2301:, which are extremely sensitive to light and dark, though incapable of forming images. Some have refracting superposition compound eyes: these combine the output of many elements of their compound eyes to provide enough light for each retinal photoreceptor. Their ability to fly by night enables them to avoid many predators, and to exploit flowers that produce nectar only or also at night. 2001: 1837: 5457: 1828:. In some species, multiple females share a common nest, but each makes and provisions her own cells independently. This type of group is called "communal" and is not uncommon. The primary advantage appears to be that a nest entrance is easier to defend from predators and parasites when there are multiple females using that same entrance on a regular basis. 1580:, or "sweat bees". Colonies are typically small, with a dozen or fewer workers, on average. Queens and workers differ only in size, if at all. Most species have a single season colony cycle, even in the tropics, and only mated females hibernate. A few species have long active seasons and attain colony sizes in the hundreds. The 1767:, in that they only gather pollen from one or a few species or genera of closely related plants (unlike honey bees and bumblebees which are generalists). Specialist pollinators also include bee species which gather floral oils instead of pollen, and male orchid bees, which gather aromatic compounds from 5458:

Jerry J. Bromenshenk, Colin B. Henderson, Charles H. Wick, Michael F. Stanford, Alan W. Zulich, Rabih E. Jabbour, Samir V. Deshpande, Patrick E. McCubbin, Robert A. Seccomb, Phillip M. Welch, Trevor Williams, David R. Firth, Evan Skowronski, Margaret M. Lehmann, Shan L. Bilimoria, Joanna Gress, Kevin

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The larvae are generally whitish grubs, roughly oval and bluntly-pointed at both ends. They have fifteen segments and spiracles in each segment for breathing. They have no legs but are able to move within the confines of the cell, helped by tubercles on their sides. They have short horns on the head,

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The egg is generally oblong, slightly curved and tapering at one end. In the case of solitary bees, each one is laid in a cell with a supply of mixed pollen and nectar next to it. This may be rolled into a pellet or placed in a pile and is known as mass provisioning. In social species of bee there is

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Solitary bees are important pollinators; they gather pollen to provision their nests with food for their brood. Often it is mixed with nectar to form a paste-like consistency. Some solitary bees have advanced types of pollen-carrying structures on their bodies. A very few species of solitary bees are

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and robotic mock-up of a bee wing showed that lift was generated by "the unconventional combination of short, choppy wing strokes, a rapid rotation of the wing as it flops over and reverses direction, and a very fast wing-beat frequency". Wing-beat frequency normally increases as size decreases, but

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and found that their flight could not be explained by fixed-wing calculations, but that "One shouldn't be surprised that the results of the calculations don't square with reality". This has led to a common misconception that bees "violate aerodynamic theory", but in fact it merely confirms that bees

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are not haplodiploid. Conversely, many bees are haplodiploid yet are not eusocial, and among eusocial species many queens mate with multiple males, creating half-sisters that share only 25% of their genes. Haplodiploidy is thus neither necessary nor sufficient for eusociality. But, monogamy (queens

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termed "supersisters", more closely related to their sisters than they would be to their own offspring. Workers often do not reproduce, but they can pass on more of their genes by helping to raise their sisters (as queens) than they would by having their own offspring (each of which would only have

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In D'Arcy Thompson's translation: "At early dawn they make no noise, until some one particular bee makes a buzzing noise two or three times and thereby awakes the rest; hereupon they all fly in a body to work. By and by they return and at first are noisy; ... until at last some one bee flies round

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The thorax has three segments, each with a pair of robust legs, and a pair of membranous wings on the hind two segments. The front legs of corbiculate bees bear combs for cleaning the antennae, and in many species the hind legs bear pollen baskets, flattened sections with incurving hairs to secure

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colonies found among the honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees; these are characterised by having cooperative brood care and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive adults. Sociality, of several different types, is believed to have evolved separately many times within the

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Honey is a natural product produced by bees and stored for their own use, but its sweetness has always appealed to humans. Before domestication of bees was even attempted, humans were raiding their nests for their honey. Smoke was often used to subdue the bees and such activities are depicted in

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Randolf Menzel, Uwe Greggers, Alan Smith, Sandra Berger, Robert Brandt, Sascha Brunke, Gesine Bundrock, Sandra Hülse, Tobias Plümpe, Frank Schaupp, Elke Schüttler, Silke Stach, Jan Stindt, Nicola Stollhoff, and Sebastian Watzl. "Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory".

1622:. The queen initiates a nest on her own. Bumblebee colonies typically have from 50 to 200 bees at peak population, which occurs in mid to late summer. Nest architecture is simple, limited by the size of the pre-existing nest cavity, and colonies rarely last more than a year. In 2011, the 1434:

the collected pollen. The wings are synchronised in flight and the somewhat smaller hind wings connect to the forewings by a row of hooks along their margin which connect to a groove in the forewing. The abdomen has nine segments, the hindermost three being modified into the sting.

2716:. From the 18th century, European understanding of the colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the colony. Among Classical Era authors, beekeeping with the use of smoke is described in the 3411: 1779:

at least in part because their pollinator is also threatened. There is, however, a pronounced tendency for oligolectic bees to be associated with common, widespread plants which are visited by multiple pollinators. There are some forty oligoleges associated with the

1771:(one of the few cases where male bees are effective pollinators). The bees are often drawn to their specialist flower by the odour of the pollen defence chemicals created by the plant. In a very few cases only one species of bee can effectively pollinate a single 2198:) and do not construct their own nests. They typically enter the nests of pollen collecting species, and lay their eggs in cells provisioned by the host bee. When the cuckoo bee larva hatches it consumes the host larva's pollen ball, and often the host egg also. 2915:

in Spain which have been dated to 15,000 BC. Indigenous people in many countries eat insects, including consuming the larvae and pupae of bees, mostly stingless bees. They also gather "bee brood" (the larvae, pupae and surrounding cells) for consumption. In the

2144:) which are themselves distasteful, often through acquiring bitter and poisonous chemicals from their plant food. All the Müllerian mimics, including bees, benefit from the reduced risk of predation that results from their easily-recognised warning coloration. 63: 2726:

himself). The account mentions that bees die after stinging; that workers remove corpses from the hive, and guard it; castes including workers and non-working drones, but "kings" rather than queens; predators including toads and bee-eaters; and the

1357:(bristles), combs on the forelimbs for cleaning their antennae, small anatomical differences in the limb structure and the venation of the hind wings, and in females, by having the seventh dorsal abdominal plate divided into two half-plates. 3436:

Dewulf, Alexandre; De Meulemeester, Thibaut; Dehon, Manuel; Engel, Michael S.; Michez, Denis (2014). "A new interpretation of the bee fossil Melitta willardi Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) based on geometric morphometrics of the wing".

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50% of their genes). This unusual situation has been proposed as an explanation of the multiple independent evolutions of eusociality (arising at least nine separate times) within the Hymenoptera. However, some eusocial species such as

1418:, having an elbow joint part way along. They house large numbers of sense organs that can detect touch (mechanoreceptors), smell and taste, and small, hairlike mechanoreceptors that can detect air movement so as to "hear" sounds. The 2707:

Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. Simple hives and smoke were used; jars of honey were found in the tombs of

5302:"Cambridge University Press and The Classical Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Greece & Rome. http://www.jstor.org Virgil and the Bees: A Study in Ancient Apicultural Lor" 1819:

While solitary females each make individual nests, some species are gregarious, preferring to make nests near others of the same species, and giving the appearance of being social. Large groups of solitary bee nests are called

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of other insects. The switch from insect prey to pollen may have resulted from the consumption of prey insects which were flower visitors and were partially covered with pollen when they were fed to the wasp larvae. This same

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progressive provisioning with the larva being fed regularly while it grows. The nest varies from a hole in the ground or in wood, in solitary bees, to a substantial structure with wax combs in bumblebees and honey bees.

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Behaviourally, one of the most obvious characteristics of bees is that they collect pollen to provide provisions for their young, and have the necessary adaptations to do this. However, certain wasp species such as

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the color of the orchid mantis was indistinguishable from 13 species of wild flowers in the areas the predator lived. ... The orchid mantis is unique in that the mantis itself is the attractive stimulus.

2041:, in which a worker indicates the location of a food source to other workers in the hive. He demonstrated that bees can recognize a desired compass direction in three different ways: by the sun, by the 982:

as paraphyletic but do not resolve it into its separate families. The cladogram uses Danforth et al., 2006, and Michez, 2007 for this purpose. English names, where available, are given in parentheses.

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interacts with humans by guiding them to the nests of wild bees. The humans break open the nests and take the honey and the bird feeds on the larvae and the wax. Among mammals, predators such as the

611:. There are nearly 20,000 known species of bees in seven to nine recognized families, though many are undescribed and the actual number is probably higher. They are found on every continent except 8996: 1500:, with two copies of each gene) share 100% of his genes and 50% of their mother's. Therefore, they share 75% of their genes with each other. This mechanism of sex determination gives rise to what 15: 1484:

theory, organisms can gain fitness not just through increasing their own reproductive output, but also that of close relatives. In evolutionary terms, individuals should help relatives when

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pattern of the blue sky, and by the earth’s magnetic field. He showed that the sun is the preferred or main compass; the other mechanisms are used under cloudy skies or inside a dark

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species such as bees because of their unusual relatedness structure. In haplodiploid species, females develop from fertilized eggs and males from unfertilized eggs. Because a male is

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mating singly) is the ancestral state for all eusocial species so far investigated, so it is likely that haplodiploidy contributed to the evolution of eusociality in bees.

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as pollination agents, with behavioral and physical modifications that specifically enhance pollination, and are the most efficient pollinating insects. In a process of

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is important both ecologically and commercially; the decline in wild bees has increased the value of pollination by commercially-managed hives of honey bees.

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Engel, M.S., Archibald, S.B. An Early Eocene bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Quilchena, British Columbia. The Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 135, No. 1, 2003

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It is usually easy to recognise that a particular insect is a bee. They differ from closely related groups such as wasps by having branched or plume-like

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might kill several thousand honeybees in a day: all the prey he observed were honeybees. Other predatory insects that sometimes catch bees include

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honey bees declined dramatically in the US, and they are now almost absent. The number of colonies kept by beekeepers declined slightly, through

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The life cycle of a bee, be it a solitary or social species, involves the laying of an egg, the development through several moults of a legless

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There are many more species of primitively eusocial than highly eusocial bees, but they have rarely been studied. Most are in the family

5730: 2297:. Most are tropical or subtropical, but there are some which live in arid regions at higher latitudes. These bees have greatly enlarged 4550: 4468: 2109:

coloured, typically orange and black, warning of their ability to defend themselves with a powerful sting. As such they are models for

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Apart from colony collapse disorder, losses outside the US have been attributed to causes including pesticide seed dressings, such as

1341: 2878: 206: 148: 5754: 2341:, which make short sallies to catch insects in flight. Swifts and swallows fly almost continually, catching insects as they go. The 1375:, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). The smallest species may be dwarf stingless bees in the tribe 3360:"Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): emerging patterns from the southern end of the world" 2482:. Honey, according to a Greek myth, was discovered by a nymph called Melissa ("Bee"); and honey was offered to the Greek gods from 1331: 3412:"A Leafcutter Bee Trace Fossil from the Middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and a Review of Megachilid (Hymenoptera) Ichnology" 2731:, with the "irresistible suggestion" of άpοσειονται (aroseiontai, it waggles) and παρακολουθούσιν (parakolouthousin, they watch). 2607:, tells the story of a girl who escapes her abusive home and finds her way to live with a family of beekeepers, the Boatwrights. 7654: 1569:

at certain stages. When the castes are purely behavioural alternatives, the system is considered primitively eusocial as in many

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Gullan and Cranston give Hines et al, 2007; Debevec et al, 2012; Danforth et al, 2013; and Johnson et al, 2013 as their sources.

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are closely related to, and resemble, their hosts in looks and size. This common pattern gave rise to the ecological principle "

702:. Bees have appeared in mythology and folklore, again since ancient times, and they feature in works of literature as varied as 7996: 3464: 3129: 2765: 950:, so the syndrome of insect pollination was well established before the first appearance of bees. The novelty is that bees are 663:, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Vertebrate predators of bees include birds such as 659:, whose females can attain a length of 39 millimetres (1.54 in). The most common bees in the Northern Hemisphere are the 5958: 5899: 5688: 5116: 4903: 4657: 4348: 4276: 4249: 4185: 4061: 3700: 3575: 3273: 7960: 3661: 1697:

are solitary in the sense that every female is fertile, and typically inhabits a nest she constructs herself. There are no

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British bees: an introduction to the study of the natural history and economy of the bees indigenous to the British Isles

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mites, and the closure of beekeeping businesses. In 2006 and 2007 the rate of attrition increased, and was described as

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nests in a petrified forest in Arizona, implying that bees evolved much earlier, are now thought to be beetle borings.

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evolved from predatory ancestors. Until recently, the oldest non-compression bee fossil had been found in New Jersey

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from carcases to feed their offspring. The world's largest species of bee is thought to be the Indonesian resin bee

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Cardinal, Sophie; Danforth, Bryan N. (2011). "The Antiquity and Evolutionary History of Social Behavior in Bees".

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do not engage in fixed-wing flight, and that their flight is explained by other mechanics, such as those used by

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Altshuler, Douglas L.; William B. Dickson, Jason T. Vance, Stephen P. Roberts, and Michael H. Dickinson (2005).

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that escaped from experiments involving crossing European and African subspecies; they are unusually defensive.

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set up the Bumblebee Specialist Group to review the threat status of all bumblebee species world-wide using the

1128: 7712: 3633:"Monographic revision of the Melittidae s.l. (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Dasypodaidae, Meganomiidae, Melittidae)" 8973: 5436: 4919: 3147: 835:) of the legs (two mid-tibial spurs, and a slender hind basitarsus), showing its transitional status. By the 178: 160: 93: 3204:"Monophyly and Extensive Extinction of Advanced Eusocial Bees: Insights from an Unexpected Eocene Diversity" 8234: 8229: 5822: 5558: 5281: 5133: 4501: 4152: 3321: 100: 31: 28: 5347: 2854:

were shown to be in every killed colony, and deadly in combination. Winter losses increased to about 1/3.

2642:'s first script and was his first work for children; he starred as a bee named Barry B. Benson, alongside 5210: 2567: 2554: 2101:

lures male bees to attempt to mate with the flower's lip, which resembles a bee perched on a pink flower.

1592:: a larva's food is supplied gradually as it develops, as is the case in honey bees and some bumblebees. 1423: 958:, flowers developed longer tubes and bees developed longer tongues to extract the nectar. This drove the 708: 8099: 4968: 4077: 4002: 3720:: The World's Largest Bee Rediscovered Living Communally in Termite Nests (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". 5460: 3519: 3320:

Danforth, Bryan; Cardinal, Sophie; Praz, Christophe; Almeida, Eduardo; Michez, Denis (28 August 2012).

2583: 1979:. In 1996 it was shown that vortices created by many insects' wings helped to provide lift. High-speed 912: 718: 400: 5776: 3386:"The oldest fossil of a melittid bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) from the early Eocene of Oise (France)" 2533:. In English folklore, bees would be told of important events in the household, in a custom known as " 5951: 4153:"The Africanized Honey Bee in the Americas: A Biological Revolution with Human Cultural Implications" 3930:

Hughes, William O. H.; Oldroyd, Benjamin P.; Beekman, Madeleine; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (May 2008).

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Fossil brood cells of stenotritid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from the Pleistocene of South Australia

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This cladogram of the bee families is based on Gullan and Cranston, 2014. They note the "Melittidae"

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Erik Storkstad (30 March 2012). "Field Research on Bees Raises Concern About Low-Dose Pesticides".

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that contain flowering plants. It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on

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which cover much of the surface of the head. Between and above these are three small simple eyes (

8956: 8918: 8310: 8249: 8189: 7576: 7521: 7486: 5525: 5081: 5031: 2752: 2619:(2014) describes his efforts to save bumblebees in Britain, as well as much about their biology. 2599: 1963: 1544:

Bees may be solitary or may live in various types of communities. The most advanced of these are

118: 8811: 8760: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 5755:"Sensasi Rasa Unik Botok Lebah yang Menyengat (Unique taste sensation botok with stinging bees)" 3814: 7692: 7669: 7625: 7564: 7419: 5848: 5678: 3931: 3846:) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1126/science.1156108, please use 2949:. They also produce some substances used as dietary supplements with possible health benefits, 2819: 2812:

by insects, birds and bats, most of which is accomplished by bees, especially the domesticated

1649:) are highly eusocial, and are among the best known of all insects. There are 29 subspecies of 815: 749: 387: 8588: 5106: 4893: 4239: 4051: 3690: 3632: 1415: 7697: 7647: 7642: 7620: 7504: 5317: 5266:

https://www.academia.edu/1929792/A_17th_Century_Testimony_On_The_Use_Of_Ceramic_Top-bar_Hives

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H.V. Harissis, G. Mavrofridis. A 17th Century Testimony On The Use Of Ceramic Top-bar Hives.

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An annotated catalog of the halictid bees of the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

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which imitates both the appearance and the scent of a female bee; male bees attempt to mate (

2125:, all of which gain a measure of protection by superficially looking and behaving like bees. 1746: 1709:

being cultured for commercial pollination. Most of these species belong to a distinct set of

156: 89: 66: 4647: 4386: 8816: 7603: 7569: 7461: 5944: 4553:"Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight" 4526: 3860: 2588: 2338: 2042: 1865: 928: 273: 107: 4538: 2129: 2089: 1640:. They practise mass provisioning, with complex nest architecture and perennial colonies. 1573:; when the castes are morphologically discrete, the system is considered highly eusocial. 888:

are known from the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, around 34 Mya, of the Florissant shale. The

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Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

4364: 3662:"Monographic revision of the melittid bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae sensu lato)" 2974: 2615: 2309: 1718: 1677: 5862: 5418: 1461:

Willing to die for their sisters: worker honey bees killed defending their hive against

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restricted some pesticides to stop bee populations from declining further. In 2014 the

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Bees and the crops they pollinate are at risk from climate change, IPCC report to warn

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The image of a community of honey bees has been used from ancient to modern times, in

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bees. In some species, groups of cohabiting females may be sisters, and if there is a

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about, making a buzzing noise, and apparently calling on the others to go to sleep".

1557:. The group is called eusocial if, in addition, the group consists of a mother (the 831:) place it clearly within the bees, but it retains two unmodified ancestral traits ( 9016: 9006: 8597: 8553: 8541: 8462: 8264: 8069: 8016: 8011: 7945: 7930: 7872: 7837: 7687: 7682: 7615: 7581: 7509: 7093: 7025: 6825: 6382: 6133: 5615: 5378: 4950: 4865: 4572: 4564: 4305: 4133: 4022: 4014: 3945: 3894: 3773:, with Notes on the Temporal Articulation of Oviposition Process in Stingless Bees" 3613: 3446: 3358:

Almeida, Eduardo A. B.; Pie, Marcio R.; Brady, Sean G.; Danforth, Bryan N. (2012).

3333: 3302: 3231: 3215: 3162: 3107: 3056: 3048: 2534: 2221:, leading to the colony's destruction; the parasites can then move to other hives. 2152: 2110: 2085: 1841: 1825: 1796: 810: 758: 297: 16: 5915: 5619: 5407:. Pennsylvania State University College of Agricultural Sciences. 29 January 2007. 5382: 3322:"The Impact of Molecular Data on Our Understanding of Bee Phylogeny and Evolution" 2319:, specialises in feeding on bees; here a male catches a nuptial gift for his mate. 8968: 8880: 8565: 8410: 8395: 8390: 8325: 8006: 7970: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7797: 7769: 7543: 7466: 7054: 6555: 6458: 6364: 6066: 6050: 4836: 4338: 3306: 3111: 2797: 2483: 2445: 2315: 2239: 2218: 2195: 2068: 2030: 2004: 1690: 1656: 1371: 963: 832: 651: 616: 8629: 8084: 3601: 839:(~45 mya) there was already considerable diversity among eusocial bee lineages. 8892: 8858: 8851: 8405: 8370: 8162: 8089: 8074: 8054: 7792: 7637: 7632: 7526: 7514: 7250: 7002: 6875: 6790: 6752: 6642: 6632: 6627: 6563: 6502: 6433: 6392: 6372: 6332: 6303: 6098: 5936: 5437:"What a scientist didn't tell the New York Times about his study on bee deaths" 3932:"Ancestral Monogamy Shows Kin Selection Is Key to the Evolution of Eusociality" 2882: 2874: 2850: 2835: 2639: 2604: 2562: 2549: 2487: 2398: 2379: 2183: 2171: 2148: 2098: 2073: 1985: 1980: 1967: 1955: 1890: 1651: 1501: 1015: 703: 687: 656: 623: 185: 4954: 4668:. Batesian mimicry .. is exemplified by members of several families of flies: 3602:"The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology" 3037:"The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology" 1194: 9001: 8990: 8940: 8875: 8846: 8506: 8430: 8362: 7451: 7367: 7331: 7323: 7007: 6830: 6810: 6770: 6742: 6402: 6377: 6340: 6319: 6125: 5178: 4854:"Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps" 3450: 2912: 2594: 2383: 2356: 2342: 2244: 1989: 1945: 1938: 1874: 1686: 1633: 1627: 1604: 1518: 1448: 1387: 1238: 897: 881: 683: 646: 540: 335: 8315: 5921: 4568: 4309: 4137: 3949: 3617: 3166: 3052: 2774: 2062: 1787: 1740: 682:

or apiculture has been practised for millennia, since at least the times of

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Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)

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Fears for crops as shock figures from America show scale of bee catastrophe

5390: 4586: 4036: 3957: 3491:, a New Fossil Bee Species from Dominican Amber (Hymenoptera:Halictidae)". 3245: 3219: 3174: 3070: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2831: 2728: 2629:(2015) tells the tale of a hive bee named Flora 717 from hatching onwards. 2610: 2408: 2371: 2256: 2163: 2118: 2049:. Bees navigate using spatial memory with a "rich, map-like organization". 2038: 2024: 2012: 1870: 1848: 1751: 1734: 1645: 1489: 1470: 1395: 1222: 1123: 1038: 1010: 877: 873: 828: 532: 528: 520: 8342: 8059: 8038: 3906: 3600:

Danforth, Bryan N.; Sipes, Sedonia; Fang, Jennife; Brady, Sean N. (2006).

1701:

bees for these species. Solitary bees typically produce neither honey nor

649:

species whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) long, to

8935: 8777: 8274: 8254: 8122: 8001: 7764: 7240: 7222: 7127: 7106: 7080: 6992: 6979: 6911: 6903: 6893: 6885: 6727: 6717: 6697: 6647: 6637: 6597: 6540: 6517: 6492: 6482: 6448: 6397: 6159: 6082: 5968: 4789: 4685: 3384:

Michez, Denis; Nel, Andre; Menier, Jean-Jacques; Rasmont, Pierre (2007).

3291:"Re-evaluation of alleged bees' nests from the Upper Triassic of Arizona" 3289:

Lucas, Spencer G.; Minter, Nicholas J.; Hunt, Adrian P. (February 2010).

2958: 2809: 2794: 2713: 2701: 2697: 2578: 2514: 2294: 2141: 2094: 1566: 1545: 1531: 1452: 1362: 1107: 955: 943: 937: 901: 790: 773: 744: 713: 695: 639: 581: 452: 310: 8750: 8347: 7822: 5781:. US Department of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 653. 7 April 1915 5522:"Beekeepers Report Continued Heavy Losses From Colony Collapse Disorder" 4264: 4018: 3944:(5880). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 1213–1216. 3780:

Journal of the Faculty Of Science Hokkaido University Series Vi. Zoology

3733: 3520:"Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)" 3504: 1933: 630:, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primarily for 8435: 8425: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8320: 8194: 8152: 8132: 8104: 8094: 7481: 7362: 7346: 7338: 7327: 7319: 7298: 7245: 7122: 7114: 7072: 7046: 6974: 6854: 6820: 6732: 6692: 6682: 6667: 6530: 6412: 6387: 6311: 6275: 6151: 6074: 5931: 5369:

Watanabe, M. (1994). "Pollination worries rise as honey bees decline".

5348:"Pollinators help one-third of world's crop production, says new study" 4895:

Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behaviour and Floral Evolution

4869: 3227: 2801: 2778: 2655: 2463: 2395: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2266: 2261: 2225: 2122: 2106: 1976: 1905: 1809: 1730: 1722: 1714: 1694: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1562: 1554: 1403: 1376: 1217: 1189: 1161: 1066: 989: 977: 942:

The earliest animal-pollinated flowers were shallow, cup-shaped blooms

889: 885: 863: 851: 847: 822: 802: 679: 660: 612: 536: 524: 516: 508: 355: 320: 272:

This article is about the group of flying insects. For other uses, see

8769: 5157:"The Bees by Laline Paull review – a fantasy with a sting in its tail" 4649:

Bumble Bees and Cuckoo Bumble Bees of California (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

3034: 2881:

report warned that bees faced increased risk of extinction because of

1671: 1414:

usually have thirteen segments in males and twelve in females and are

8836: 8440: 8420: 8415: 8224: 8209: 8026: 7731: 7315: 7311: 7265: 7230: 7156: 7148: 7135: 7085: 7059: 7017: 6987: 6867: 6862: 6835: 6800: 6785: 6687: 6662: 6617: 6589: 6535: 6487: 6443: 6438: 6425: 6230: 6222: 6201: 5999: 5987: 5926: 5301: 5054: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4177:

Solitary Wasps and Bees: Their Hidden World in the Siskiyou Mountains

3746: 3261: 2917: 2823: 2805: 2782: 2723: 2677: 2669: 2634: 2526: 2494: 2412: 2375: 2330: 2249: 2214: 2191: 2114: 2011:, indicating the range and direction to food to other workers with a 1949: 1844: 1792: 1764: 1611: 1600: 1584:

include some primitively eusocial species with similar biology. Some

1558: 1539: 1535: 1523: 1427: 1366: 1043: 917: 880:

are known from trace fossils (characteristic leaf cuttings) from the

855: 786: 782: 777: 672: 664: 597: 432: 412: 360: 304: 8079: 7955: 4942: 4241:

Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization

4200: 3410:

Sarzetti, Laura C.; Lanandeira, Conrad C.; Genise, Jorge F. (2008).

3097: 2353:

dig up bumblebee nests and eat both the larvae and any stored food.

1900: 1379:

whose workers are less than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) in length.

8925: 8467: 8352: 8279: 8259: 8204: 8147: 8142: 8137: 7707: 7435: 7260: 7033: 6943: 6762: 6602: 6251: 6209: 6167: 6117: 6111: 6090: 6022: 6005: 5405:"Honey Bee Die-Off Alarms Beekeepers, Crop Growers and Researchers" 4673: 2993: 2954: 2786: 2740: 2689: 2132:

of other aposematic insects with the same colour scheme, including

1894: 1726: 1637: 1615: 1506: 1466: 699: 472: 462: 350: 345: 330: 325: 315: 8686: 8638: 5461:"Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to Honey Bee Colony Decline" 4791: 2545: 1422:

are adapted for both chewing and sucking by having both a pair of

8577: 8335: 8269: 8239: 8219: 8214: 8199: 8179: 8033: 8021: 7991: 7950: 7914: 7847: 7802: 7598: 7559: 7190: 7036:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets) 6058: 5826: 4665: 2962: 2935: 2709: 2685: 2673: 2623: 2530: 2518: 2510: 2391: 2334: 2298: 2210: 2205:) are being destroyed by parasitic workers of the Cape honeybee, 2137: 2081: 2046: 1756: 1702: 1497: 1493: 1071: 859: 762: 733: 691: 668: 631: 615:, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated 601: 593: 482: 365: 340: 4646:

Thorp, Robbin W.; Horning, Donald S.; Dunning, Lorry L. (1983).

4517:, Phillips, Helen. 28 November 2005. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 4000: 3856:(if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise 3688: 2858:

mites were thought to be responsible for about half the losses.

1488:. The requirements for eusociality are more easily fulfilled by 1410:) which provide information for the bee on light intensity. The 8913: 8887: 8662: 8494: 8284: 8174: 8157: 8127: 7907: 7862: 7852: 7593: 7476: 7306: 6622: 5993: 5981: 4992:"Found! First Known Predator To Lure Prey By Mimicking Flowers" 4834: 4541:

Caltech Media Relations. 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2007, 4–7.

3435: 2950: 2939: 2840: 2746: 2735: 2693: 2502: 2479: 2475: 2455: 2424: 2350: 2290: 2252: 2194:. Females of these bees lack pollen collecting structures (the 2187: 2037:

in the honey bee. He showed that honey bees communicate by the

1971: 1922: 1909: 1784:

in the arid parts of the United States southwest, for example.

1768: 1619: 1595: 1407: 1391: 1102: 947: 843: 836: 806: 627: 569: 512: 442: 422: 5573:"Hiver fatal pour la moitié des colonies d'abeilles en Suisse" 1995: 1457: 8529: 8184: 7857: 7736: 7719: 6465: 5108:

The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland

4291: 2946: 2922: 2898: 2888: 2827: 2681: 2498: 2467: 2419: 1988:, it flaps approximately 230 times per second, faster than a 1882: 1852: 1772: 1710: 893: 794: 754: 728: 635: 605: 589: 3669:

Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society meeting

3145: 2660: 2000: 8633: 7842: 7404: 7198: 3319: 2931: 2927: 2893: 2646:. Critics found its premise awkward and its delivery tame. 2428: 2370:

Specialist ambush predators of visitors to flowers include

2133: 1886: 1813: 1496:(has only one copy of each gene), his daughters (which are 1462: 1354: 769: 573: 5596:. German Consumer Protection Agency Bulletin, 9 June 2008. 2454:

Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses. Camiros,

2374:, which wait on flowering plants for pollinating insects; 1836: 7177: 7169: 4465:"Is it aerodynamically impossible for bumblebees to fly?" 2155:) with the furry lip of the flower, thus pollinating it. 577: 4704:. Oxford University Press. pp. 196, 403 and passim. 4432: 4049: 3563: 3409: 2704:

crops and to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers.

892:

first appear in the Early Eocene with species found in

5743:(This particular Botok recipe uses anchovies, not bees) 5683:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1074. 5594:

Gesundheitlicher und wirtschaftlicher Verbraucherschutz

4201:

Parker, Frank D.; Torchio, Philip F. (1 October 1980).

3357: 3035:

Danforth BN, Sipes S, Fang J, Brady SG (October 2006).

2848:. In 2010 invertebrate iridescent virus and the fungus 690:. Apart from honey and pollination, honey bees produce 4124:

Roubik, D.W. (2006). "Stingless bee nesting biology".

3599: 3383: 2242:". Others parasitize bees in different families, like 54: 5851:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 19 January 2012. 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4389:. The South Carolina Mid-State Beekeepers Association 4292:

Hurd, P.D. Jr., Linsley, E.G. (1975). "The principal

4271:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 80. 4265:

Dafni, Amots; Hesse, Michael; Pacini, Ettore (2012).

4001:

Nowak, Martin; Tarnita, Corina; Wilson, E.O. (2010).

2478:, and are probably not correctly identified with the 2304: 634:

and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for

584:, and in the case of the best-known bee species, the 281:"Anthophila" redirects here. For the moth genus, see 4053:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

3567:

The Social Behavior of the Bees: A Comparative Study

3549:

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia

2265:, while the other species in the same genus attacks 2201:

In the south of Africa, hives of African honeybees (

1685:

Most other bees, including familiar insects such as

4645: 4641: 4639: 4633:

2005 102 (8) 3040-3045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408550102

3749:"Oviposition Behavior of Two Dwarf Stingless Bees, 2140:

and other beetles, and many butterflies and moths (

5731:"Botok Tempe Tahu Teri (Botok Tempe Tofu Anchovy)" 5706:"U.N. Urges Eating Insects: 8 Popular Bugs to Try" 4940: 4876: 4790:Rozen, Jerome George; McGinley, Ronald J. (1991). 4237: 3527:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3148:"A fossil bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber" 2255:, two species of which are cleptoparasites of the 1992:(200 times per second) which is 80 times smaller. 1365:have similar behaviours, and a few species of bee 5703: 5459:W. Wanner, Robert A. Cramer Jr (6 October 2010). 5279: 5052: 3295:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2394:are large wasps that habitually attack bees; the 1847:. The wax canopy has been removed to show winged 1655:, native to Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. 821:"an extinct lineage of pollen-collecting Apoidea 8988: 5966: 5286:. Clarendon Pres s. pp. Book 9, Section 40. 4898:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–216. 4892:Chittka, Lars; Thomson, James D. (28 May 2001). 4841:. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 28–29. 4636: 4336: 3883:"The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour II" 3262:Buchmann, Stephen L.; Nabhan, Gary Paul (2012). 2521:, and by political and social theorists such as 2076:of bees, taking nectar and pollinating a flower. 243:{{About|the group of flying insects|other uses}} 236:{{About|the group of flying insects|other uses}} 5918:Images, identification guides, and maps of bees 5820: 5524:. Sciencedaily.com. 12 May 2008. Archived from 5226: 5211:Apiculture in Egypt, Dr Tarek Issa Abd El-Wahab 5055:"The Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes" 5015: 4792:"Biology and larvae of the cleptoparasitic bee 4557:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3559: 3557: 3288: 3028: 2822:has overtaken the role of honey production for 2490:and the prophetess was sometimes called a bee. 2418:Honey bees are affected by parasites including 1442: 726:. Bee larvae are included in the Javanese dish 5889: 5605: 4891: 4618:. Harcourt, Brace & World. pp. 93–96. 4244:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 110–. 3747:Sakagami, Shôichi F.; Zucchi, Ronaldo (1974). 3257: 3255: 3214:(4). National Academy of Sciences: 1661–1664. 2401:estimated that a single colony of the beewolf 1925:as a winged adult and breaks out of the cell. 1624:International Union for Conservation of Nature 7420: 5952: 5280:Aristotle; Thompson, D'Arcy (trans.) (1910). 4947:Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4652:. University of California Press. p. 9. 4173: 3991:Gullan and Cranston, 2014. Pages 328, 348–350 3715: 3659: 3493:Journal of the New York Entomological Society 2571:(1910) features Babbity Bumble and her brood 2345:attacks bees' nests and eats the larvae. The 2147:Bees are also mimicked by plants such as the 2007:(1953) discovered that honey bee workers can 1666: 1588:bees are primitively eusocial colonies, with 732:, where they are eaten steamed with shredded 5473:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5368: 5295: 5293: 5275: 5273: 4820:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4599:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4462: 4340:Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees 4322:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4223:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3977:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3809: 3807: 3796:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3570:. Harvard University Press. pp. 22–78. 3554: 3187:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3124:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2945:Honey bees are used commercially to produce 2759: 2439: 2186:occur in several bee families including the 198: 5419:Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery 5232: 4607: 4428: 4426: 3722:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 3695:. Cambridge University Press. p. 454. 3689:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). 3684: 3682: 3313: 3252: 1996:Navigation, communication, and finding food 1984:as the bee's wing beat covers such a small 7427: 7413: 5959: 5945: 5927:North American species of bees at Bugguide 5104: 5032:"Honey Bee Disorders: Honey Bee Parasites" 4835:Moure, Jesus S.; Hurd, Paul David (1987). 4613: 4453:, Aurum Press, pp. 91–92, ISBN 0716741202. 4343:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. 4330: 3829: 3195: 1349:of a honeybee, showing labium and maxillae 376: 5299: 5290: 5270: 4576: 4296:bees of the southwestern United States". 4231: 4100:"Bumblebee Specialist Group: 2011 Update" 4070: 4056:. Harvard University Press. p. 308. 4026: 3925: 3923: 3804: 3655: 3653: 3511: 3480: 3393:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 3235: 3060: 2930:, bee larvae are eaten as a companion to 2879:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2466:and thus speaking truth are described in 916:Long-tongued bees and long-tubed flowers 5362: 5098: 4423: 3880: 3679: 3141: 3139: 2887: 2773: 2659: 2544: 2449: 2355: 2308: 2162: 2093: 2061: 1999: 1932: 1899: 1889:stage during which the insect undergoes 1869: 1835: 1786: 1739: 1670: 1594: 1517: 1456: 1381: 1340: 1332:characteristics of common wasps and bees 911: 743: 5890:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). 4851: 4664:Of the forms of mimicry, two relate to 4532: 4167: 4150: 2057: 850:(within the Apidae) around 53 Mya. The 8989: 5575:. Radio Télévision Suisse. 22 May 2012 5075: 5059:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 4123: 3920: 3650: 3630: 2826:in many countries. From 1972 to 2006, 2766:List of crop plants pollinated by bees 2486:. Bees were associated, too, with the 1937:Honeybee in flight carrying pollen in 1877:nests in a cedar wood beam (sawn open) 1553:within the group, they are considered 827:. Derived features of its morphology ( 785:scenario may have occurred within the 7408: 5940: 5892:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 5752: 4990:Choi, Charles Q. (30 November 2013). 4920:"Hornet attacks kill dozens in China" 4539:Deciphering the Mystery of Bee Flight 4258: 3868:|doi=10.1126/science.1156108 3517: 3486: 3201: 3146:Poinar, G.O.; Danforth, B.N. (2006). 3136: 2961:, though all of these can also cause 2734:Beekeeping is described in detail by 2552:'s illustration of Babbity Bumble in 2329:Vertebrate predators of bees include 2158: 1808:Solitary bees create nests in hollow 966:, and, in turn, the bees themselves. 900:are known from fossil brood cells of 854:appear as fossils only from the late 5488:"Honey bees in US facing extinction" 5434: 5397: 5345: 5249:A Treatise on the Management of Bees 4989: 4969:"What predators do bumblebees have?" 4699: 4439:. L. Reeve & Co. pp. 18–23. 4298:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 2462:Three bee maidens with the power of 80: 46: 5131: 5078:The Hive: the Story of the Honeybee 4467:. The Straight Dope. Archived from 3994: 2603:(2004), and the 2009 film starring 205: 197: 166: 154: 147: 134: 99: 87: 13: 9022:Early Cretaceous first appearances 5849:"Propolis:MedlinePlus Supplements" 5753:Haris, Emmaria (6 December 2013). 5435:Eban, Katherine (8 October 2010). 3463:: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( 3338:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633 2934:, after being mixed with shredded 2700:from hives; bees are also kept to 2434: 2305:Predators, parasites and pathogens 1681:cutting circles from acacia leaves 580:, and are known for their role in 268: 266:Revision as of 14:41, 16 July 2015 157:Revision as of 14:41, 16 July 2015 90:Revision as of 05:39, 16 July 2015 35: 9033: 5909: 5894:(5th ed.). Wiley Blackwell. 5704:Holland, Jennifer (14 May 2013). 5668:(London), Retrieved 30 March 2014 5300:Whitfield, B. G. (October 1956). 5154: 4922:. The Guardian. 26 September 2013 4433:Shuckard, William Edward (1866). 4050:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 3881:Hamilton, W. D. (20 March 1964). 3564:Michener, Charles Duncan (1974). 3128:) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( 2272: 1398:, sensory bristles and mouthparts 1126:(mason, leafcutter bees) ~50 Mya 1105:(social, inc. honeybees) ~87 Mya 846:appeared roughly 87 Mya, and the 8962: 8628: 8596: 5855: 5841: 5814: 5769: 5746: 5723: 5697: 5671: 5655: 4796:and nesting biology of its host 4780:Gullan and Cranston, 2014. p.347 4762:. Amateur Entomologists' Society 4716:"Bee orchids and insect mimicry" 4205:. Beesource Beekeeping Community 3590:Gullan and Cranston, 2014. p.328 3268:. Island Press. pp. 41–42. 2632:The humorous 2007 animated film 2540: 2293:) contain some species that are 2113:by non-stinging insects such as 1855:in irregularly placed wax cells. 1804:are often sold for this purpose. 1614:are eusocial, like the eusocial 1242: 1221: 1193: 1165: 1127: 1106: 1070: 1042: 1014: 622:Bees are adapted for feeding on 399: 308: 7138:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps) 5637: 5626: 5599: 5587: 5565: 5514: 5497: 5481: 5451: 5428: 5417:Johnson, Kirk (6 October 2010) 5411: 5346:Yang, Sarah (25 October 2006). 5339: 5254: 5241: 5215: 5204: 5193: 5171: 5148: 5125: 5069: 5046: 5024: 5009: 4983: 4961: 4934: 4912: 4858:Journal of Experimental Biology 4845: 4828: 4783: 4774: 4752: 4730: 4708: 4693: 4622: 4544: 4520: 4508: 4456: 4443: 4401: 4379: 4357: 4285: 4194: 4144: 4117: 4092: 4043: 3985: 3874: 3740: 3709: 3624: 3593: 3584: 3537: 3471: 3429: 3403: 3377: 3008: 2999: 2793:Bees play an important role in 2366:paralysing a bee with its sting 1486:Cost < Relatedness * Benefit 1241:(large Australian bees) ~2 Mya 600:lineage within the superfamily 8997:Use dmy dates from August 2013 5778:Honey and Its Uses in the Home 5661:Gosden, Emily (29 March 2014) 5633:EFSA report of 16 January 2013 5503:Benjamin, Alison (2 May 2010) 5111:. Penguin Books. p. 128. 4971:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust 4852:Warrant, Eric J. (June 2008). 4702:Adaptive Coloration in Animals 4515:Secrets of bee flight revealed 4367:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust 4080:. Bumblebee Conservation Trust 4003:"The evolution of eusociality" 3887:Journal of Theoretical Biology 3351: 3282: 3091: 2987: 2744:; it is also mentioned in his 2722:Book 9 (a book not written by 2664:A commercial beekeeper at work 2622:The playwright Laline Paull's 1800:nests in a hole in dead wood. 1513: 1336: 1150:short‑tongued bees 907: 1: 7357:(mason bees, leafcutter bees) 5620:10.1126/science.335.6076.1555 5383:10.1126/science.265.5176.1170 5251:(London, 1768, 2nd edn 1770). 5235:Animal and Man in Bible Lands 4527:A video from newscientist.com 3022: 2781:are important pollinators of 2649: 1966:had applied the equations of 1859: 1775:species, and some plants are 1469:behaviour is favoured by the 1091:long‑tongued bees 645:Bees range in size from tiny 264: 223: 8719:(metal in the United States) 7434: 5932:Native Bees of North America 5757:(in Indonesian). Sayangi.com 5237:. Brill Archive. p. 79. 4180:. Lulu.com. pp. 98–99. 4151:Sanford, Malcolm T. (2006). 3899:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 3638:. Université de Mons-Hainaut 3307:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.01.010 3112:10.1371/journal.pone.0021086 3041:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 2834:, systematic pesticide use, 2800:, and are the major type of 1443:Haplodiploid breeding system 1437: 969: 753:, a fossil bee preserved in 739: 604:, presently considered as a 138: 18:Browse history interactively 7: 5233:Bodenheimer, F. S. (1960). 5222:Beekeeping in Ancient Egypt 5200:Beekeeping in Ancient Egypt 5105:Steve Roud (6 April 2006). 4941:Friedmann, Herbert (1955). 4738:"Obligate Brood Parasitism" 4463:Adams, Cecil (4 May 1990). 4387:"Learning About Honey Bees" 4238:Waser, Nickolas M. (2006). 3326:Annual Review of Entomology 2968: 2568:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 2555:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 1824:, to distinguish them from 1643:The true honey bees (genus 768:The ancestors of bees were 709:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse 667:; insect predators include 10: 9038: 5883: 5645:"EU moves to protect bees" 5053:Scheinberg, Susan (1979). 3836:Attention: This template ( 3815:"Anatomy of the Honey Bee" 3202:Engel, Michael S. (2001). 2905: 2892:Bee larvae as food in the 2763: 2653: 2584:The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2443: 2322: 2079: 2052: 2018: 1943: 1863: 1831: 1713:, namely: carpenter bees, 1667:Solitary and communal bees 1529: 1446: 1402:A bee has a pair of large 1390:, showing antennae, three 1329: 935: 719:The Lake Isle of Innisfree 280: 271: 143:Adding further information 136: 8949: 8901: 8829: 8802: 8726: 8695: 8649: 8587: 8516: 8481: 8453: 8361: 8298: 8113: 8047: 7984: 7923: 7778: 7745: 7668: 7552: 7497: 7442: 7388: 7281: 7189: 7168: 7147: 7105: 7071: 7045: 7016: 6965: 6942: 6920: 6902: 6884: 6853: 6572: 6554: 6516: 6457: 6411: 6363: 6354: 6331: 6302: 6273: 6250: 6221: 6200: 6179: 6150: 6124: 6110: 6049: 6045: 6020: 5976: 4955:10.5479/si.03629236.208.1 4804:American Museum novitates 4740:. Aculeata Research Group 4614:von Frisch, Karl (1953). 4365:"The bumblebee lifecycle" 4337:Roubik, David W. (1992). 4203:"Management of Wild Bees" 3817:. Extension. 19 June 2014 3265:The Forgotten Pollinators 2760:As commercial pollinators 2440:In mythology and folklore 2325:diseases of the honey bee 1928: 1236: 1220:(plasterer bees) ~25 Mya 1215: 1208: 1187: 1180: 1159: 1152: 1121: 1100: 1093: 1085: 1064: 1057: 1036: 1029: 1008: 1001: 994: 655:, the largest species of 554: 547: 506: 501: 396:Scientific classification 394: 384: 375: 292: 221: 216: 213: 153: 86: 5494:(London), 14 March 2007. 5016:Tinbergen, Niko (1958). 4718:. Natural History Museum 3692:Evolution of the Insects 3451:10.3897/zookeys.389.7076 2980: 2846:colony collapse disorder 2390:camouflaged as flowers. 1763:Solitary bees are often 1590:progressive provisioning 869:Palaeomacropis eocenicus 809:. A bee fossil from the 202:Adding Good Article icon 8957:List of oldest heraldry 6141:(web-spinning sawflies) 5922:Bee Genera of the World 5733:. Tasty Indonesian Food 5134:"Yeats in Bedford Park" 5034:. University of Georgia 4800:(Hymenoptera, Apoidea)" 4688:(Gabritschevsky, 1926). 4569:10.1073/pnas.0506590102 4310:10.5479/si.00810282.193 3950:10.1126/science.1156108 3716:Messer, A. C. (1984). " 3618:10.1073/pnas.0604033103 3367:Journal of Biogeography 3167:10.1126/science.1134103 3053:10.1073/pnas.0604033103 2600:The Secret Life of Bees 2591:in the West of London. 2203:A. mellifera scutellata 1962:, he wrote that he and 1659:are a hybrid strain of 1603:carrying pollen in its 1430:for sucking up nectar. 85: 7268:(thread-waisted wasps) 7096:(sierolomorphid wasps) 7028:(rhopalosomatid wasps) 6233:(parasitic wood wasps) 5283:The Works of Aristotle 5020:. Methuen. p. 21. 4268:Pollen and Pollination 4174:Paetzel, Mary (2010). 3660:Michez, Denis (2008). 3631:Michez, Denis (2007). 3543:Houston, T.F., 1987: " 3220:10.1073/pnas.041600198 2926:from Central and East 2902: 2790: 2672:colonies, commonly in 2665: 2559: 2459: 2367: 2320: 2180: 2102: 2077: 2016: 1941: 1913: 1891:complete metamorphosis 1878: 1856: 1805: 1760: 1682: 1608: 1527: 1477: 1399: 1350: 1164:(mining bees) ~34 Mya 933: 816:Melittosphex burmensis 765: 750:Melittosphex burmensis 388:Tetragonula carbonaria 4794:Townsendiella pulchra 4138:10.1051/apido:2006026 3487:Engel, M.S. (1995). " 2942:leaves, and steamed. 2891: 2777: 2663: 2548: 2529:as a model for human 2453: 2404:Philanthus triangulum 2382:, some of which (the 2363:Philanthus triangulum 2359: 2323:Further information: 2312: 2166: 2097: 2065: 2019:Further information: 2003: 1944:Further information: 1936: 1903: 1873: 1864:Further information: 1839: 1790: 1747:Anthidium florentinum 1743: 1674: 1598: 1561:) and her daughters ( 1530:Further information: 1521: 1460: 1447:Further information: 1385: 1344: 1192:(sweat bees) ~50 Mya 936:Further information: 915: 747: 722:, and Laline Paull's 5863:"Scientific Opinion" 5821:Sanford, Malcolm T. 5076:Wilson, Bee (2004). 3518:Engel, M.S. (2000). 2820:Contract pollination 2565:'s illustrated book 2217:"), escaping normal 2128:Bees are themselves 2058:As mimics and models 1866:honey bee life cycle 1727:dwarf carpenter bees 929:Acanthus ilicifolius 842:The highly eusocial 274:Bee (disambiguation) 8969:Heraldry portal 8396:Hastings/Hungerford 7683:Crowns and coronets 7655:National traditions 6077:(cimbicid sawflies) 5710:National Geographic 5666:The Daily Telegraph 5492:The Daily Telegraph 5018:Curious Naturalists 4700:Cott, Hugh (1940). 4563:(50): 18213–18218. 4451:The Barmaid's Brain 4449:Ingram, Jay (2001) 4411:. National Bee Unit 4019:10.1038/nature09205 4013:(7310): 1057–1062. 3612:(41): 15118–15123. 3489:Neocorynura electra 2975:Bee and wasp stings 2616:A Sting in the Tale 2386:) wait motionless, 2277:Four bee families ( 1960:Le vol des insectes 1812:or twigs, holes in 1729:, leafcutter bees, 1678:Megachile rotundata 1675:A leafcutting bee, 946:by insects such as 858:(~25 Mya) to early 825:to the modern bees" 799:Cretotrigona prisca 572:closely related to 8353:Waterlily/Seeblatt 7577:Ancient and modern 6162:(cedar wood wasps) 6085:(conifer sawflies) 5829:on 13 January 2007 5823:"Producing Pollen" 5802:Unknown parameter 5549:Unknown parameter 4943:"The Honey-Guides" 4870:10.1242/jeb.015396 4798:Hesperapis larreae 4760:"Brood Parasitism" 4492:Unknown parameter 4155:. Apis Enterprises 2963:allergic reactions 2903: 2814:European honey bee 2791: 2770:Pollinator decline 2719:History of Animals 2666: 2560: 2523:Bernard Mandeville 2460: 2458:. 7th century B.C. 2368: 2347:greater honeyguide 2321: 2181: 2159:As brood parasites 2103: 2078: 2017: 1964:André Sainte-Laguë 1942: 1914: 1879: 1857: 1806: 1761: 1683: 1609: 1551:division of labour 1528: 1478: 1400: 1386:Head-on view of a 1351: 960:adaptive radiation 934: 923:Amegilla cingulata 844:corbiculate Apidae 766: 586:European honey bee 385:The sugarbag bee, 164: 97: 8984: 8983: 8825: 8824: 8763:(color in Canada) 8449: 8448: 7402: 7401: 7384: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7358: 7350: 7342: 7335: 7302: 7292: 7277: 7276: 7269: 7226: 7225:(cockroach wasps) 7211: 7181: 7160: 7139: 7131: 7118: 7097: 7094:Sierolomorphidae 7089: 7063: 7037: 7029: 7026:Rhopalosomatidae 6983: 6938: 6937: 6871: 6849: 6848: 6841:Trichogrammatidae 6766: 6703:Eutrichosomatidae 6673:Epichrysomallidae 6593: 6583: 6471: 6429: 6356:Proctotrupomorpha 6323: 6322:(ichneumon wasps) 6315: 6246: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6213: 6192: 6171: 6163: 6142: 6102: 6101:(common sawflies) 6094: 6093:(pergid sawflies) 6086: 6078: 6070: 6062: 5916:All Living Things 5901:978-1-118-84615-5 5690:978-1-4020-4559-2 5555:|url-status= 5325:External link in 5264:. September 2012 5181:. Rotten Tomatoes 5118:978-0-14-194162-2 4905:978-1-139-43004-3 4659:978-0-520-09645-5 4498:|url-status= 4350:978-0-521-42909-2 4278:978-3-7091-6306-1 4251:978-0-226-87400-5 4187:978-0-557-36970-6 4078:"Bumblebee nests" 4063:978-0-674-81175-1 3718:Chalicodoma pluto 3702:978-0-521-82149-0 3577:978-0-674-81175-1 3275:978-1-59726-908-7 2750:, and in Pliny's 2676:, for millennia. 2668:Humans have kept 2388:aggressive mimics 2177:Bombus terrestris 2174:of the bumblebee 2090:Müllerian mimicry 2021:animal navigation 1482:inclusive fitness 1474:sex determination 1327: 1326: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1300: 1299: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1281: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1255: 1254: 1140: 1139: 789:wasps, where the 563: 562: 283:Anthophila (moth) 263: 155: 88: 68: 9029: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8805: 8792: 8784: 8776: 8768: 8758: 8748: 8740: 8737: 8729: 8714: 8706: 8698: 8685: 8682: 8673: 8670: 8661: 8658: 8632: 8600: 8576: 8573: 8564: 8561: 8552: 8549: 8540: 8537: 8528: 8525: 8505: 8502: 8493: 8490: 8479: 8478: 8463:Rule of tincture 8180:Griffin/Keythong 7776: 7775: 7467:Officers of arms 7429: 7422: 7415: 7406: 7405: 7356: 7348: 7341:(plasterer bees) 7340: 7309: 7300: 7291: 7290: 7286: 7279: 7278: 7267: 7224: 7210: 7209: 7208:(sphecoid wasps) 7205: 7196: 7195: 7179: 7158: 7137: 7129: 7116: 7095: 7087: 7061: 7035: 7027: 6981: 6963: 6962: 6869: 6826:Tanaostigmatidae 6764: 6748:Melanosomellidae 6591: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6470: 6469: 6461: 6427: 6383:Neuroscelionidae 6361: 6360: 6321: 6313: 6300: 6299: 6271: 6270: 6232: 6211: 6190: 6169: 6161: 6140: 6134:Megalodontesidae 6100: 6092: 6084: 6076: 6068: 6067:Blasticotomidae 6061:(argid sawflies) 6060: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6042: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5905: 5878: 5877: 5876:(4): 2083. 2011. 5867: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5750: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5675: 5669: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5651:. 30 April 2013. 5641: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5545: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5501: 5495: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5472: 5464: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5432: 5426: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5323: 5321: 5313: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5277: 5268: 5258: 5252: 5247:Thomas Wildman, 5245: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5208: 5202: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5155:Jones, Gwyneth. 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5136:. ChiswickW4.com 5132:Deering, Chris. 5129: 5123: 5122: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4999: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4889: 4874: 4873: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4819: 4811: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4643: 4634: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4616:The Dancing Bees 4611: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4590: 4580: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4430: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4222: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4030: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3795: 3787: 3777: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3561: 3552: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3462: 3454: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3416: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3364: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3301:(3–4): 194–201. 3286: 3280: 3279: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3239: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3186: 3178: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3123: 3115: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3074: 3064: 3047:(41): 15118–23. 3032: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2873:. From 2013 the 2798:flowering plants 2535:Telling the bees 2380:praying mantises 2153:pseudocopulation 2130:Müllerian mimics 2111:Batesian mimicry 2086:Batesian mimicry 1797:Osmia cornifrons 1744:A solitary bee, 1657:Africanized bees 1246: 1225: 1211: 1210: 1197: 1183: 1182: 1169: 1155: 1154: 1131: 1110: 1096: 1095: 1088: 1087: 1074: 1069:at least 50 Mya 1060: 1059: 1046: 1032: 1031: 1018: 1004: 1003: 997: 996: 986: 985: 819:, is considered 811:early Cretaceous 759:Early Cretaceous 617:flowering plants 588:, for producing 404: 403: 380: 370: 307: 298:Early Cretaceous 296:Temporal range: 290: 289: 227:{{good article}} 203: 200: 192: 182: 163: 145: 144: 142: 129: 115: 96: 69: 60: 59: 57: 52: 50: 42: 39: 21: 19: 9037: 9036: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9026: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8963: 8961: 8945: 8897: 8821: 8803: 8798: 8790: 8782: 8774: 8766: 8756: 8746: 8738: 8735: 8727: 8722: 8712: 8704: 8696: 8691: 8683: 8680: 8671: 8668: 8659: 8656: 8645: 8583: 8574: 8571: 8562: 8559: 8550: 8547: 8538: 8535: 8526: 8523: 8512: 8503: 8500: 8491: 8488: 8477: 8445: 8411:Hungerford knot 8381:Cavendish/Savoy 8357: 8294: 8109: 8043: 7980: 7919: 7774: 7741: 7664: 7548: 7493: 7438: 7433: 7403: 7398: 7372: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7273: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7185: 7164: 7159:(scoliid wasps) 7143: 7101: 7067: 7062:(tiphiid wasps) 7055:Bradynobaenidae 7041: 7012: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6934: 6916: 6898: 6880: 6845: 6658:Cynipencyrtidae 6580:(chalcid wasps) 6579: 6578: 6576: 6568: 6556:Mymarommatoidea 6550: 6512: 6478:Proctorenyxidae 6463: 6462: 6459:Proctotrupoidea 6453: 6421:Austrocynipidae 6407: 6365:Platygastroidea 6350: 6327: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6238: 6217: 6212:(stem sawflies) 6196: 6175: 6146: 6120: 6106: 6099:Tenthredinidae 6069:(fern sawflies) 6051:Tenthredinoidea 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6016: 5972: 5965: 5912: 5902: 5886: 5881: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5819: 5815: 5803: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5784: 5782: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5751: 5747: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5702: 5698: 5691: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5660: 5656: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5604: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5528:on 31 July 2010 5520: 5519: 5515: 5502: 5498: 5486: 5482: 5466: 5465: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5439:. Money.cnn.com 5433: 5429: 5416: 5412: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5344: 5340: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5315: 5314: 5306:Greece and Rome 5298: 5291: 5278: 5271: 5259: 5255: 5246: 5242: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5205: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5103: 5099: 5092: 5074: 5070: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5014: 5010: 4997: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4890: 4877: 4850: 4846: 4833: 4829: 4813: 4812: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4698: 4694: 4660: 4644: 4637: 4627: 4623: 4612: 4608: 4592: 4591: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4472: 4471:on 3 March 2009 4461: 4457: 4448: 4444: 4431: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4409:"Solitary Bees" 4407: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4351: 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2652: 2644:Renée Zellweger 2543: 2448: 2446:bee (mythology) 2442: 2437: 2435:Bees and humans 2384:flower mantises 2327: 2316:Merops apiaster 2313:The bee-eater, 2307: 2275: 2219:worker policing 2184:Brood parasites 2168:Bombus vestalis 2161: 2092: 2080:Main articles: 2069:Bombylius major 2060: 2055: 2031:Karl von Frisch 2029:The ethologist 2027: 2005:Karl von Frisch 1998: 1952: 1931: 1868: 1862: 1834: 1691:leafcutter bees 1669: 1542: 1516: 1476:system of bees. 1455: 1445: 1440: 1372:Megachile pluto 1339: 1334: 1328: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1292: 1283: 1274: 1265: 1256: 1141: 972: 940: 910: 866:are known from 807:corbiculate bee 742: 652:Megachile pluto 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 398: 371: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 302: 301: 294: 286: 277: 260: 253: 244: 237: 228: 209: 204: 201: 196: 195: 194: 190: 188: 172: 170: 165: 159: 151: 149:← Previous edit 146: 137: 135: 133: 132: 131: 127: 125: 105: 103: 98: 92: 84: 83: 82: 81: 79: 78: 77: 76: 75: 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7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7003:Sclerogibbidae 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6982:(cuckoo wasps) 6977: 6971: 6969: 6960: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6876:Gasteruptiidae 6873: 6870:(ensign wasps) 6865: 6859: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6791:Pelecinellidae 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6760: 6755: 6753:Metapelmatidae 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6713:Hetreulophidae 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6643:Chrysolampidae 6640: 6635: 6633:Chalcedectidae 6630: 6628:Cerocephalidae 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6586: 6584: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6564:Mymarommatidae 6560: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6503:Proctotrupidae 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6434:Diplolepididae 6431: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6393:Platygastridae 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6373:Geoscelionidae 6369: 6367: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6337: 6335: 6333:Ceraphronoidea 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320:Ichneumonidae 6317: 6308: 6306: 6304:Ichneumonoidea 6297: 6268: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6227: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6206: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6185: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6165: 6156: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6096: 6088: 6080: 6072: 6064: 6055: 6053: 6040: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5964: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5911: 5910:External links 5908: 5907: 5906: 5900: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5854: 5840: 5813: 5804:|authors= 5768: 5745: 5722: 5696: 5689: 5670: 5654: 5636: 5625: 5614:(6076): 1555. 5598: 5586: 5564: 5551:|deadurl= 5513: 5496: 5480: 5450: 5427: 5423:New York Times 5410: 5396: 5377:(5176): 1170. 5361: 5338: 5289: 5269: 5253: 5240: 5225: 5214: 5203: 5192: 5170: 5159:. The Guardian 5147: 5124: 5117: 5097: 5090: 5068: 5045: 5023: 5008: 4982: 4960: 4933: 4911: 4904: 4875: 4844: 4827: 4782: 4773: 4751: 4729: 4707: 4692: 4658: 4635: 4621: 4606: 4543: 4531: 4519: 4507: 4494:|deadurl= 4455: 4442: 4422: 4400: 4378: 4356: 4349: 4329: 4284: 4277: 4257: 4250: 4230: 4193: 4186: 4166: 4143: 4132:(2): 124–143. 4116: 4091: 4069: 4062: 4042: 3993: 3984: 3919: 3873: 3828: 3803: 3739: 3728:(1): 165–168. 3708: 3701: 3678: 3649: 3623: 3592: 3583: 3576: 3553: 3536: 3510: 3499:(3): 317–323. 3479: 3470: 3428: 3402: 3376: 3350: 3312: 3281: 3274: 3251: 3194: 3135: 3090: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3007: 2998: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2967: 2938:, wrapped in 2913:rock paintings 2907: 2904: 2883:global warming 2875:European Union 2851:Nosema ceranae 2761: 2758: 2654:Main article: 2651: 2648: 2640:Jerry Seinfeld 2605:Dakota Fanning 2563:Beatrix Potter 2550:Beatrix Potter 2542: 2539: 2488:Delphic oracle 2484:Mycenean times 2472:Hymn to Hermes 2444:Main article: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2399:Niko Tinbergen 2376:predatory bugs 2306: 2303: 2274: 2273:Nocturnal bees 2271: 2207:A. m. capensis 2172:brood parasite 2160: 2157: 2107:aposematically 2105:Many bees are 2074:Batesian mimic 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 1997: 1994: 1981:cinematography 1968:air resistance 1956:Antoine Magnan 1930: 1927: 1908:with eggs and 1861: 1858: 1833: 1830: 1719:polyester bees 1717:, mason bees, 1687:carpenter bees 1668: 1665: 1652:Apis mellifera 1634:Stingless bees 1605:pollen baskets 1515: 1512: 1502:W. D. Hamilton 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1338: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 993: 984: 971: 968: 909: 906: 833:plesiomorphies 803:Cretaceous age 772:in the family 741: 738: 704:Beatrix Potter 688:Ancient Greece 657:leafcutter bee 561: 560: 552: 551: 545: 544: 504: 503: 499: 498: 493: 486: 485: 480: 476: 475: 470: 466: 465: 460: 456: 455: 450: 446: 445: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 425: 420: 416: 415: 410: 406: 405: 392: 391: 382: 381: 373: 372: 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7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7132: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7117:(velvet ants) 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7008:Scolebythidae 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6941: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6922:Trigonaloidea 6919: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6831:Tetracampidae 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6811:Signiphoridae 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6771:Neanastatidae 6769: 6767: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6743:Megastigmidae 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6608:Baeomorphidae 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6467: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6403:Sparasionidae 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6378:Janzenellidae 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6341:Ceraphronidae 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6249: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6189:Xiphydriidae 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6181:Xiphydrioidea 6178: 6172: 6166: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6143: 6139:Pamphiliidae 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6126:Pamphilioidea 6123: 6119: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5970: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5950: 5948: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5903: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5858: 5850: 5844: 5828: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5796: 5780: 5779: 5772: 5756: 5749: 5732: 5726: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5664: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5629: 5621: 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UC Berkeley 5349: 5342: 5334: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5276: 5274: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5244: 5236: 5229: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5196: 5180: 5174: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5128: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5091:0-7195-6598-7 5087: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5049: 5033: 5027: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4994:. LiveScience 4993: 4986: 4970: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4871: 4867: 4864:: 1737–1746. 4863: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4839: 4831: 4823: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4761: 4755: 4739: 4733: 4717: 4711: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4642: 4640: 4632: 4625: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4511: 4503: 4486: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4438: 4437: 4429: 4427: 4410: 4404: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4360: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4304:(193): 1–74. 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4234: 4226: 4220: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4101: 4095: 4079: 4073: 4065: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3988: 3980: 3974: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3862: 3852: 3842: 3832: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3799: 3793: 3786:(2): 361–421. 3785: 3781: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3704: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3685: 3683: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3654: 3634: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3560: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3474: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3425:(4): 933–994. 3424: 3420: 3419:Palaeontology 3413: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3354: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3161:(5799): 614. 3160: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3140: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3106:(6): e21086. 3105: 3101: 3094: 3086: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3027: 3011: 3002: 2995: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2595:Sue Monk Kidd 2592: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2541:In literature 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343:honey buzzard 2340: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2245:Townsendiella 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1958:'s 1934 book 1957: 1951: 1947: 1946:insect flight 1940: 1939:pollen basket 1935: 1926: 1924: 1918: 1911: 1907: 1904:Honeybees on 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1875:Carpenter bee 1872: 1867: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1842:common carder 1838: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1782:creosote bush 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1628:IUCN Red List 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1565:), with male 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1480:According to 1475: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1449:haplodiploidy 1435: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1404:compound eyes 1397: 1396:compound eyes 1393: 1389: 1388:carpenter bee 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1348: 1343: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1314: 1313: 1305: 1304: 1296: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1260: 1259: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1239:Stenotritidae 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1041:(no fossils) 1040: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1013:(no fossils) 1012: 1006: 1005: 999: 998: 992: (bees) 991: 988: 987: 983: 981: 979: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 939: 931: 930: 925: 924: 919: 914: 905: 903: 899: 898:Stenotritidae 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:Middle Eocene 879: 875: 871: 870: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 824: 818: 817: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 776:, which were 775: 771: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751: 746: 737: 735: 731: 730: 725: 721: 720: 715: 711: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 684:Ancient Egypt 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 653: 648: 647:stingless bee 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 607: 603: 599: 596:. Bees are a 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 559: 558: 553: 550: 546: 543: 542: 541:Stenotritidae 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 505: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 487: 484: 481: 479:Superfamily: 478: 477: 474: 471: 468: 467: 464: 461: 458: 457: 454: 451: 448: 447: 444: 441: 438: 437: 434: 431: 428: 427: 424: 421: 418: 417: 414: 411: 408: 407: 402: 397: 393: 390: 389: 383: 379: 374: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 306: 299: 291: 288: 284: 279: 275: 270: 265: 259:{{sprotect2}} 257: 255: 252:{{sprotect2}} 250: 248: 247: 241: 239: 234: 232: 231: 225: 220: 212: 208: 187: 180: 176: 171: 162: 158: 150: 140: 124: 120: 119:Autopatrolled 113: 109: 104: 95: 91: 73: 58: 51: 41:Content added 33: 30: 20: 8931:Phaleristics 8864:Roll of arms 8830:Applications 8742:Bleu celeste 8728:Rare colours 8421:Ormonde/Wake 8306:Fleur-de-lis 7868:Inescutcheon 7833:Crozier head 7678:Coat of arms 7565:Augmentation 7472:King of Arms 7394:Unicalcarida 7349:(sweat bees) 7301:(mason bees) 7282: 7256:Philanthidae 7223:Ampulicidae 7218:Ammoplanidae 7201:Spheciformes 7199: 6980:Chrysididae 6967:Chrysidoidea 6930:Trigonalidae 6904:Megalyroidea 6886:Stephanoidea 6816:Spalangiidae 6806:Pteromalidae 6796:Perilampidae 6776:Neodiparidae 6765:(fairyflies) 6738:Macromesidae 6708:Herbertiidae 6678:Eucharitidae 6653:Coelocybidae 6574:Chalcidoidea 6546:Monomachidae 6526:Austroniidae 6508:Vanhorniidae 6498:Peradeniidae 6428:(gall wasps) 6346:Megaspilidae 6274: 6191:(wood wasps) 6160:Anaxyelidae 6083:Diprionidae 6021: 6012:Holometabola 6010:Superorder: 6004:Infraclass: 5969:Hymenopteran 5891: 5873: 5870:EFSA Journal 5869: 5857: 5843: 5831:. Retrieved 5827:the original 5816: 5783:. Retrieved 5777: 5771: 5759:. Retrieved 5748: 5735:. Retrieved 5725: 5713:. Retrieved 5709: 5699: 5679: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5648: 5639: 5628: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5589: 5577:. Retrieved 5567: 5557:suggested) ( 5530:. Retrieved 5526:the original 5516: 5509:The Observer 5508: 5499: 5491: 5483: 5453: 5441:. Retrieved 5430: 5422: 5413: 5399: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5352:. Retrieved 5341: 5328:|title= 5318:cite journal 5312:(2): 99–117. 5309: 5305: 5282: 5261: 5256: 5248: 5243: 5234: 5228: 5217: 5206: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5173: 5161:. Retrieved 5150: 5138:. Retrieved 5127: 5107: 5100: 5077: 5071: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5036:. Retrieved 5026: 5017: 5011: 5003: 4996:. Retrieved 4985: 4973:. Retrieved 4963: 4946: 4936: 4924:. Retrieved 4914: 4894: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4837: 4830: 4816:cite journal 4807: 4803: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4776: 4764:. Retrieved 4754: 4742:. Retrieved 4732: 4720:. Retrieved 4710: 4701: 4695: 4663: 4648: 4630: 4624: 4615: 4609: 4595:cite journal 4560: 4556: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4510: 4500:suggested) ( 4473:. Retrieved 4469:the original 4458: 4450: 4445: 4435: 4413:. Retrieved 4403: 4391:. Retrieved 4381: 4369:. Retrieved 4359: 4339: 4332: 4318:cite journal 4301: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4267: 4260: 4240: 4233: 4207:. Retrieved 4196: 4176: 4169: 4157:. Retrieved 4146: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4107:. Retrieved 4094: 4082:. Retrieved 4072: 4052: 4045: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3987: 3973:cite journal 3961:. Retrieved 3941: 3935: 3910:. Retrieved 3893:(1): 17–52. 3890: 3886: 3876: 3864:}} 3858:{{ 3854:}} 3851:cite journal 3848:{{ 3844:}} 3838:{{ 3831: 3819:. Retrieved 3792:cite journal 3783: 3779: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3755:Leurotrigona 3754: 3750: 3742: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3691: 3672: 3668: 3640:. Retrieved 3626: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3586: 3566: 3548: 3539: 3530: 3526: 3513: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3473: 3459:cite journal 3442: 3438: 3431: 3422: 3418: 3405: 3396: 3392: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3329: 3325: 3315: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3264: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3183:cite journal 3158: 3154: 3120:cite journal 3103: 3099: 3093: 3079:cite journal 3044: 3040: 3030: 3010: 3001: 2989: 2944: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2871:Thiamethoxam 2867:Imidacloprid 2863:Clothianidin 2860: 2855: 2849: 2839: 2832:urbanization 2818: 2792: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2729:waggle dance 2717: 2706: 2667: 2633: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2611:Dave Goulson 2609: 2598: 2593: 2589:Bedford Park 2582: 2577: 2572: 2566: 2561: 2553: 2492: 2471: 2461: 2423: 2417: 2409:robber flies 2402: 2372:crab spiders 2369: 2361: 2360:The beewolf 2328: 2314: 2276: 2260: 2243: 2240:Emery's rule 2235: 2229: 2223: 2209:. These lay 2206: 2202: 2200: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2146: 2127: 2119:robber flies 2104: 2067: 2066:The bee-fly 2043:polarization 2039:waggle dance 2028: 2025:waggle dance 2013:waggle dance 1959: 1953: 1919: 1915: 1880: 1840:Nest of the 1822:aggregations 1821: 1818: 1807: 1802:Bee "hotels" 1795: 1762: 1755: 1754:), visiting 1752:Megachilidae 1745: 1707: 1698: 1684: 1676: 1661:A. mellifera 1660: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1632: 1610: 1607:(corbiculae) 1575: 1543: 1490:haplodiploid 1485: 1479: 1471:haplodiploid 1432: 1401: 1370: 1363:pollen wasps 1359: 1352: 1345:The lapping 1237: 1216: 1188: 1160: 1124:Megachilidae 1122: 1101: 1065: 1039:Meganomiidae 1037: 1011:Dasypodaidae 1009: 975: 973: 951: 941: 927: 921: 920:, like this 878:Megachilidae 874:Early Eocene 867: 841: 820: 814: 813:(~100 mya), 798: 791:pollen wasps 783:evolutionary 767: 748: 727: 723: 717: 707: 677: 650: 644: 621: 608: 598:monophyletic 565: 564: 556: 555: 533:Meganomiidae 529:Megachilidae 521:Dasypodaidae 507: 495: 489: 469:Infraorder: 386: 287: 278: 269: 9012:Pollinators 8936:Vexillology 8697:Rare metals 8677:(blood red) 8275:Winged lion 8255:Sea-griffin 8190:Hippocampus 8123:Allocamelus 7765:Fimbriation 7693:Compartment 7670:Achievement 7638:Marshalling 7604:distinction 7462:Law of arms 7447:Authorities 7347:Halictidae 7339:Colletidae 7328:orchid bees 7320:cuckoo bees 7299:Andrenidae 7241:Crabronidae 7178:Formicidae 7170:Formicoidea 7128:Pompilidae 7115:Mutillidae 7107:Pompiloidea 7081:Chyphotidae 6998:Plumariidae 6993:Embolemidae 6912:Megalyridae 6894:Stephanidae 6758:Moranilidae 6728:Leucospidae 6723:Idioporidae 6718:Heydeniidae 6698:Eurytomidae 6648:Cleonymidae 6638:Chalcididae 6613:Boucekiidae 6598:Aphelinidae 6592:(fig wasps) 6541:Maamingidae 6518:Diaprioidea 6493:Pelecinidae 6483:Roproniidae 6449:Liopteridae 6398:Scelionidae 6314:(braconids) 6312:Braconidae 6170:(horntails) 6075:Cimbicidae 5463:. PLoS ONE. 5179:"Bee Movie" 5082:John Murray 4686:Bombyliidae 3912:13 November 3861:cite report 3751:Hypotrigona 3343:16 November 2959:royal jelly 2923:botok tawon 2899:botok tawon 2810:pollination 2795:pollinating 2779:Squash bees 2714:Tutankhamun 2698:royal jelly 2579:W. B. Yeats 2515:Shakespeare 2413:dragonflies 2339:flycatchers 2295:crepuscular 2226:cuckoo bees 2142:Lepidoptera 1977:helicopters 1735:digger bees 1731:alkali bees 1723:squash bees 1636:are highly 1582:orchid bees 1571:paper wasps 1532:eusociality 1514:Eusociality 1453:eusociality 1426:and a long 1337:Description 964:angiosperms 956:coevolution 952:specialized 938:coevolution 908:Coevolution 902:Pleistocene 829:apomorphies 774:Crabronidae 729:botok tawon 714:W. B. Yeats 696:royal jelly 673:dragonflies 640:pollination 582:pollination 568:are flying 453:Hymenoptera 303:100–0 207:Next edit → 161:view source 94:view source 32:Next edit → 8991:Categories 8881:equestrian 8665:(mulberry) 8391:Harrington 8321:Quatrefoil 8250:Salamander 8195:Hippogriff 8153:Cockatrice 8133:Amphiptere 8105:Wolfsangel 8085:Portcullis 7997:Black swan 7951:Camelopard 7780:Ordinaries 7698:Escutcheon 7648:impalement 7643:quartering 7626:variations 7544:Attributed 7482:pursuivant 7392:See also: 7363:Melittidae 7316:bumblebees 7312:honey bees 7283:Anthophila 7266:Sphecidae 7246:Mellinidae 7236:Bembicidae 7157:Scoliidae 7149:Scolioidea 7136:Sapygidae 7123:Myrmosidae 7086:Thynnidae 7073:Thynnoidea 7060:Tiphiidae 7047:Tiphioidea 6975:Bethylidae 6868:Evaniidae 6855:Evanioidea 6821:Systasidae 6763:Mymaridae 6733:Lyciscidae 6693:Eupelmidae 6683:Eulophidae 6668:Encyrtidae 6590:Agaonidae 6531:Diapriidae 6426:Cynipidae 6413:Cynipoidea 6388:Nixoniidae 6231:Orussidae 6223:Orussoidea 6168:Siricidae 6152:Siricoidea 5998:Subclass: 5988:Arthropoda 5080:. London: 4126:Apidologie 3767:Trigonisca 3399:: 701–709. 3373:: 526–544. 3023:References 2918:Indonesian 2824:beekeepers 2806:ecosystems 2802:pollinator 2678:Beekeepers 2656:Beekeeping 2650:Beekeeping 2573:(pictured) 2464:divination 2396:ethologist 2331:bee-eaters 2287:Halictidae 2283:Colletidae 2279:Andrenidae 2262:Hesperapis 2257:dasypodaid 2190:subfamily 2149:bee orchid 2123:hoverflies 2099:Bee orchid 2035:navigation 1906:brood comb 1860:Life cycle 1777:endangered 1765:oligoleges 1715:sweat bees 1695:mason bees 1630:criteria. 1612:Bumblebees 1586:allodapine 1578:Halictidae 1555:semisocial 1420:mouthparts 1416:geniculate 1377:Meliponini 1347:mouthparts 1330:See also: 1218:Colletidae 1190:Halictidae 1162:Andrenidae 1067:Melittidae 990:Anthophila 978:sensu lato 944:pollinated 890:Halictidae 886:Andrenidae 864:Melittidae 852:Colletidae 848:Allodapini 680:beekeeping 665:bee-eaters 661:Halictidae 613:Antarctica 609:Anthophila 537:Melittidae 525:Halictidae 517:Colletidae 509:Andrenidae 496:Anthophila 459:Suborder: 433:Arthropoda 300:– Recent, 102:Cwmhiraeth 8974:resources 8919:socialist 8842:Hatchment 8837:Bookplate 8817:Carnation 8804:Realistic 8617:Erminites 8455:Tinctures 8406:Hinckaert 8371:Bourchier 8225:Ouroboros 8210:Manticore 8115:Legendary 8090:Reremouse 8027:Przepaska 7956:Hind/stag 7946:Dog/hound 7755:Attitudes 7732:Supporter 7660:Societies 7621:divisions 7570:abatement 7231:Astatidae 7034:Vespidae 7018:Vespoidea 6988:Dryinidae 6863:Aulacidae 6836:Torymidae 6801:Pirenidae 6786:Ormyridae 6781:Ooderidae 6688:Eunotidae 6663:Diparidae 6618:Calesidae 6536:Ismaridae 6488:Heloridae 6444:Ibaliidae 6439:Figitidae 6210:Cephidae 6202:Cephoidea 6112:Xyeloidea 6091:Pergidae 6000:Pterygota 5980:Kingdom: 5806:ignored ( 5795:cite book 5649:3 News NZ 5553:ignored ( 5511:(London). 5469:cite news 5443:20 August 5262:Bee World 4682:Oestridae 4678:Tabanidae 4670:Syrphidae 4496:ignored ( 4109:7 October 3445:: 35–48. 3332:: 57–78. 2787:cucumbers 2724:Aristotle 2702:pollinate 2680:collect 2670:honey bee 2635:Bee Movie 2527:Karl Marx 2495:Aristotle 2392:Beewolves 2236:Psithyrus 2234:subgenus 2215:thelytoky 2192:Nomadinae 2115:bee-flies 1950:bumblebee 1845:bumblebee 1793:mason bee 1601:bumblebee 1540:bumblebee 1536:honey bee 1524:honey bee 1438:Sociality 1428:proboscis 1424:mandibles 970:Phylogeny 918:coevolved 856:Oligocene 778:predators 757:from the 740:Evolution 669:beewolves 557:Apiformes 502:Families 419:Kingdom: 413:Eukaryota 191:1,645,625 139:→‎As food 8926:Logotype 8869:Illyrian 8751:Brunâtre 8675:Sanguine 8612:Erminois 8580:(purple) 8473:Hatching 8468:Tricking 8431:Stafford 8331:Shamrock 8280:Woodwose 8260:Sea-lion 8230:Pantheon 8205:Lindworm 8148:Chollima 8143:Biscione 8138:Basilisk 8060:Crapaudy 7961:Kangaroo 7823:Componée 7817:Łękawica 7713:pavilion 7708:Mantling 7587:courtesy 7582:Alliance 7510:dominion 7505:National 7436:Heraldry 7261:Psenidae 6603:Azotidae 6118:Xyelidae 6059:Argidae 6006:Neoptera 5986:Phylum: 5982:Animalia 5971:families 5542:cite web 5391:17787573 4674:Asilidae 4587:16330767 4485:cite web 4219:cite web 4159:29 March 4037:20740005 3963:4 August 3958:18511689 3870:instead. 3841:cite doi 3759:muelleri 3734:25084498 3505:25010174 3246:11172007 3175:17068254 3100:PLoS ONE 3071:17015826 2994:Triassic 2969:See also 2955:propolis 2894:Javanese 2836:tracheal 2804:in many 2783:squashes 2741:Eclogues 2712:such as 2710:pharaohs 2690:propolis 2627:The Bees 2581:'s poem 2267:halictid 2250:nomadine 2033:studied 2009:navigate 1990:fruitfly 1912:in cells 1895:diapause 1887:pupation 1826:colonies 1750:(family 1638:eusocial 1618:such as 1616:Vespidae 1546:eusocial 1507:termites 1467:eusocial 1412:antennae 1367:scavenge 724:The Bees 716:'s poem 700:propolis 549:Synonyms 473:Aculeata 463:Apocrita 429:Phylum: 423:Animalia 409:Domain: 179:contribs 112:contribs 56:Wikitext 9017:Apoidea 9007:Insects 8902:Related 8770:Cendrée 8753:(brown) 8607:Ermines 8578:Purpure 8568:(green) 8544:(black) 8517:Colours 8497:(white) 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