Coors strike and boycott: Difference between revisions

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plant. In late 1987, the Teamsters became an AFL–CIO affiliate. Following this, the Teamsters were the AFL–CIO union tasked with the organization at the Golden plant. In September 1988, it was reported that the Teamsters and Coors disagreed on whether a union vote would include only brewery workers (favored by the Teamsters), or an additional 2,000 container workers who were less favorable to unions (favored by Coors). The dispute was at the time being settled by the NLRB. Ultimately, only the brewery workers participated in the union vote. On December 15, 1988, workers at the Golden plant voted against unionizing with the Teamsters. The vote came after 18 months of campaigning, with the final vote being 1,081 against to 413 in favor of unionizing. Among the issues presented during the campaign, the Teamsters cited increased wages and pension plans with Teamsters members at Anheuser-Busch as examples of what could happen with a union at Coors. However, Coors rebutted that Anheuser-Busch was larger than Coors and could therefore afford the larger pay and benefits.

1162: 589: 790: 1069:. In a vote held that December, the union shop was kept, with 92 percent voting in favor. On March 1 of the following year, the labor contract between Coors and the local expired, and ensuing negotiations on a new contract were bogged down by disagreements between the two. The disagreements were not related to pay but instead concerned the company's grounds for dismissal and their use of polygraph testing for applicants. Additionally, the company had wanted to change policies regarding seniority rights, which the union opposed. On April 5, 1977, approximately 1,500 union members began a strike action against the company with a mass 470: 329: 725:. Specifically, they cited the fact that Hispanic workers constituted only a small fraction of the total employees at Coors, with only 27 of the 1,330 employees in 1968 being Mexican Americans (approximately 2 percent of Coors' total workforce, compared to 15-20% of the population statewide). Additionally, many of the jobs held by Hispanic employees at Coors were menial labor positions. Women also constituted a very small portion of Coors' workforce, with only 56 women (44 of whom were 438:. The company initiated a vote the following year over whether the local union would be dissolved, with a majority of workers voting to dissolve Brewery Workers Local 366. Despite this, the AFL–CIO continued their boycott. By the 1980s, Coors began making deals with several minority groups to do more business with minority companies and hire more minority workers. Despite this, the boycott continued and expanded to include numerous other groups, such as the 1062:

anything "which would discourage any person from drinking Coors beer" and "making disparaging remarks about the employer". While the union's president claimed that the labor contract was "pretty lousy", he admitted that the pay and benefits offered by the company were better than most in the industry, and that "s long as they're getting a high wage rate and aren't faced with disciplinary action, their contract doesn't mean much to them".

457:. Additionally, the boycott may have encouraged the company to expand nationally, as the company expanded its presence from 11 states in 1975 to 49 states by 1988. In the LGBT community, the boycott left a lasting impact, as several groups and activists still object to Coors over the company's past actions and the family's continued support of conservative politics. As late as 2019, Coors beer was difficult to find in any 68: 821:, personal debts the individual owed, political affiliations of the application (specifically regarding "subversive, revolutionary or communist activities"), and a question that read, "Is there anything in your personal life that might tend to discredit or embarrass this company if it were known?" Multiple sources also reported that applicants were asked about their 363:, United States. Initially local, the boycott started in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s, coinciding with a labor strike at the company's brewery in 1977. The strike ended the following year in failure for the union, which Coors forced to dissolve. The boycott, however, lasted until the mid-1980s, when it was more or less ended. 825:. While critics of the testing alleged that the company used the information collected to prevent people from being hired based on political affiliations or sexuality, the company denied this. According to William Coors, approximately 45 percent of applicants failed the polygraph testing, primarily with regards to questions over drug use. 1088:

dues to support the boycott". Within several weeks from the start of the strike, hundreds of strikebreakers had been hired, and many strikers had returned to work. Soon, the main issues of the strike concerned keeping the union shop rule and pushing for the rehiring of strikers. By early 1978, Coors was seeking a vote on whether to

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called the boycott "a complete success, a resounding success" and commented on the "more positive approach taken by (the new) management" at Coors. However, some union members criticized the agreement, as Coors did not guarantee a union contract. At the time, union membership in the United States had

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described the unions at Coors as weak, highlighting several failed strikes that had occurred throughout the company's history. At the time, union members reported that working conditions were not ideal, with the most significant point of contention being the 21 causes for firing, which included doing

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took over the company's day-to-day operations from his father Joseph and immediately began negotiating with the AFL–CIO on an agreement that would end the boycott. The AFL–CIO rejected Coors' initial offer in February 1987, but on August 19, they announced that they had come to an agreement with the

1150:, with the company agreeing to do more business with minority businesses and contractors and hire more minority workers, among other things. As a result of the agreements, the NAACP ended their threats to boycott Coors. The agreements also helped the company's relationship with groups including the 1087:

Shortly after the strike's start, Coors began pushing for the union shop rule at the brewery to be revoked, which was strongly opposed by the strikers. According to a company official, Coors "didn't believe non-strikers should be forced to join the union or that people should be forced to pay union

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claimed that "Coors officers have conceded that the boycott, which was joined over the years by various special-interest groups opposed to the outspoken political conservatism of Coors family patriarch Joseph Coors, had damaged its main market areas in the West and its drive for nationwide sales".

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was criticized for accepting a $ 110,000 donation from Coors, stating that, at the time, the boycott was still active in the LGBT community. At the time, Coors was trying to make inroads into the LGBT community by increasing advertisements targeting the community (several of which highlighted the

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and Anheuser-Busch. Speaking later about the boycott, Pete Coors stated that "the '70s and early '80s were not a stellar time for the company". The decrease in market share in Coors' limited market area may have contributed to the company's decision to expand nationwide, with the company having a

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reported that the AFL–CIO saw this as a threat to possible union efforts by the IAM, IUOE, and UAW. As part of the agreement, only AFL–CIO unions would be guaranteed an expedited vote on union representation. Following the agreement, the Teamsters continued their efforts to organize at the Golden

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announced that they were ending their boycott, with the GI Forum stating that there had been "some improvement" from the company. However, despite the decertification vote, the AFL–CIO stated their intent to continue their nationwide boycott. Additionally, in the following years, protestors began

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However, these numbers and the impact the boycott had on the decline are disputed by Coors representatives. A company representative in 1983 claimed that, while the boycott hurt sales in California, the overall decline in sales during this time was due to increased competition from the

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if necessary and that, if the striking worker were replaced, they ran the risk of losing their position within the company. On April 12, the AFL–CIO announced a national boycott of Coors in support of Local 366. Around this time, then-company president Jeff Coors, in speaking to the

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against the protestors. The same year, the boycott grew nationwide, with the national chapter of the American GI Forum instituting a boycott against Coors. This action was supported by several other national organizations representing Hispanics and Mexican Americans, including the

729:) working for the company in 1967. In August 1970, the Colorado Civil Rights Commission found the company guilty of firing a worker due to his race. The commission ultimately ruled against the company on two separate occasions in the early 1970s for discriminating against 434:(the United States' largest federation of labor unions) initiated a nationwide boycott of Coors. The strike lasted for over 20 months, during which time a majority of the union members went back to work without a contract after the company began replacing strikers with 168: 1092:, and, after agreeing to pay $ 254,000 in back pay, the ballot became official. By June, it was reported that a majority of strikers had returned to work, and by the time of the vote in early December, only 500 of the initial 1,500 strikers were still on strike. The 875:, a noted gay activist and politician, who met with Baird in 1973 and helped coordinate the boycott, strengthening the alliance between the traditionally conservative Teamsters union and the area's gay community. Through Milk, the boycott spread throughout the 60: 3353: 1268:(UAW) also expressed interest in organizing Coors workers. An AFL–CIO representative at the time of the announcement claimed that it was "arguably the biggest victory in my time at the federation, and that covers 18 years", while AFL–CIO president 137: 817:, were a significant point of contention among union members at the company, with the union alleging that the questions asked violated privacy and led to discrimination. Questions asked during the testing covered topics including the use of 1177:

farmers. That same year, Coors announced they would be ending their use of polygraph testing, which had been one of the main issues between the company and union. The replacement screening process would involve a partnership with the firm

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Local 366, which represented over 1,500 workers at the company's flagship Golden, Colorado brewery, went on strike over noneconomic issues related to, among other things, the company's use of polygraph testing and their 21 grounds for

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voted to ban the beer from the college. Around this time, however, Coors began reaching out to groups that had threatened to boycott. In October 1987, the company signed a $ 325 million agreement with a coalition consisting of the

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was the single largest brewing facility in the world. That year, the company did approximately $ 440 million in sales. Its product was notable at the time for being one of the few beers created in the United States not to be

737:(EEOC) alleged that almost all of the African Americans and Mexican Americans at Coors worked in unskilled or semiskilled positions and that almost all of the women were employed in either office or service positions, or as 1190:. By 1987, Coors had expanded its market to include 47 states, and it was the only brewery among the top 15 in the nation that was not unionized. In February of that year, during a speech given by William Coors at the 2942: 223: 3373: 2510: 1359:

article, "The change in employee practices is important. But meanwhile they're still trying to kill us. For anyone in the gay community to do business with Coors is suicidal." In 2002, the LGBT newspaper

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in California had dropped from a high of over 40 percent to just 14 percent. In the company's home state of Colorado, there was a similar drop from 47 percent in 1977 to 24 percent in 1984. In 1987, the

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practices, and by 1973, the boycott had expanded to include members of that community. The LGBT community also began to forge an alliance against Coors with local unions, who resented the company's

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commented that "to this day, you can't find Coors in a gay bar in San Francisco", a claim backed up by a 2017 article by the Teamsters on the impact of the boycott. A 2014 article published by

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The strike and boycott had a direct economic impact on Coors. The company's market share in several western states dropped from over 40 percent to as low as 17 percent in the case of

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stating, "Organized labor has been in such desperate straits that the Coors settlement has been perceived as a victory – even though the workers at Coors are still without a union."

3587: 1121:(a non-AFL–CIO union with approximately 2 million members at the time, making it the largest labor union in the United States) voted to support the boycott. That same year, the 141: 151: 3612: 2908: 1257: 2961: 1173:

In 1986, the South Dakota Farmers Union announced they would also be boycotting Coors following advertisements Coors released that the union said cast aspersions on local

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and an agreement to an expedited union vote at its Golden facility. In December 1988, workers at the Golden brewery voted against unionizing by a margin of over 2 to 1.

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by 1988. This is compared to the company's stance in 1975 when a company representative claimed there were no plans at the time to expand to the eastern United States.

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In addition to employment discrimination, Hispanic activists also singled out Joseph Coors' actions while university regent and the Coors family's response to the

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claimed that the company had had a union presence for 42 years at that time, since 1936 when union representation began. However, a 1979 article in

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published images reportedly showing Coors trucks being used to transport grapes harvested by non-union farmers to markets. In 1969, 43 students at

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between union members and Coors wholesalers during an event held by company representatives who were publicizing Coors' expansion into the state.

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company and would end their boycott. Among the concessions, the company agreed to use union workers in the construction of their new facility in

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was also involved, and he later claimed that the Bay Area boycott was the first-ever instance of collaboration between labor unions and the

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protested Coors by blocking people at a local pub from ordering Coors beer. 15 of the students were arrested, and the college later filed a

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In 1976, under Colorado's Labor Peace Law provisions, Coors demanded a vote amongst brewery workers on whether the brewery would remain a

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later claimed that the boycott was "perhaps one of the first major public demonstrations of the links between class and sexual identity".

69: 3487: 3354:"'A Political Fight Over Beer': The 1977 Coors Beer Boycott, and the Relationship Between Labour–Gay Alliances and LGBT Social Mobility" 1329:

In the years after the boycott ended, the relationship between Coors and the LGBT community remained frayed. In a 1998 article from the

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to organize at the location. However, in the following decades, the company had a troubled relationship with organized labor, with the

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Sources differ on the number of brewery workers at the plant at the time of the vote, with sources claiming 1,500, 1,600, and 1,700.

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reported on December 14 that workers had voted 993 to 408 to decertify Brewery Workers Local 366, bringing an end to the strike.

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groups initiated a boycott due to the Coors Brewing Company's discriminatory practices that targeted Hispanics and

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test during their hiring process, which they alleged allowed them to discriminate against LGBT individuals. In

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At the time of the agreement, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at the Golden facility. The

1260:(IAM) announced their intent to start organizing drives at both the Elkton and Golden facilities, while the 386:. By the 1970s, the boycott covered much of Coors' market area and involved Hispanic, African American, and 1084:, stated that agreeing to the union's proposals was like "inviting the Russians in to take over America". 3011: 2779: 2300: 1404:

claimed that a union had been invited to organize at the brewery 45 years prior, giving the year of 1934.

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as an "ultraconservative zealot". During the late 1960s to early 1970s, Joseph served as a member of the

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that criticized Coors and contended that the boycott was still active. In 2019, union and LGBT activist

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Knowledge:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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stating that they "effectively helped stunt the company's growth". In the late 1970s, the company's

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Local 366, which had existed at the plant since at least a failed strike in 1957. A 1975 article in

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stated that "grudges against Coors continue" among groups that had been involved in the boycotts.

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reported on the "nofficial returns" in the voting tally as happening on the night of December 14.

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By 1975, several members of the Coors family held leadership positions in the company, including

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Brewing a Boycott: How a Grassroots Coalition Fought Coors and Remade American Consumer Activism

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claiming that the company had destroyed 19 different unions at their facilities, including

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The boycott began in 1966 as a regional affair coordinated by the Colorado chapter of the

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During the boycott, brewery workers at Coors had union representation as members of the

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the executive and his company. That same month, Coors expanded their market to include

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End date represents the date that brewery workers voted to decertify the local union.

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The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism

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Another point of contention between the company and protestors involved the use of

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tests on job applicants, a process that the company had implemented following the

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was criticized for refusing to run an ad submitted by the LGBT committee of the

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union allied to promote the boycott that involved noted gay rights activist

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Parties, criticized Coors' actions as regent. In 1974, he was nominated by

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stating that voting happened from December 13 to 14, while a 1991 book by

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One source gives this number as approximately 1,400. A 1988 article in

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also launched a boycott due in part to Joseph Coors' opposition to the

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Sources vary on the exact dates of the vote, with a 1979 article in

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was also involved in the boycott and brought it to the attention of

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The strike and boycotts had a considerable impact on Coors, with

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causes. Soon afterward, the boycott expanded through much of the

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Labor disputes led by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters

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Despite the company's claims, Coors became known throughout the

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Jimenez, Rolando (April 1976). "COORS: El Precio Que Pagamos".

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that would have banned LGBT teachers from employment. Activist

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Category:LGBTQ civil rights demonstrations in the United States

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Strikebreakers and union members hired without labor contracts

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and Teamsters member) to organize a largescale boycott in the

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Category:LGBT civil rights demonstrations in the United States

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The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk

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International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers

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Approximately 200 students picketed Joseph Coors outside the

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In 1979, both the American GI Forum and the California-based

3098:"Brewing Controversy : Coors Clan: Doing It Their Way" 2481:"Teamsters Pride At Work: A Look Back At The Coors Boycott" 2274:"The Coors Boycott: When A Beer Can Signaled Your Politics" 2122: 2120: 2118: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 378:. Additionally, they opposed the Coors family's support of 2941: 2663:"How LGBTQ Union Activists Transformed the Labor Movement" 1679: 1677: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1234: 721:

against Coors due to the company's discrimination against

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United States District Court for the District of Colorado

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after it was revealed that he had donated money to the

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20th century labor action against Coors Brewing Company

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LGBTQ civil rights demonstrations in the United States

3012:"Coors' New Brew: Taking Out the Political Aftertaste" 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 784: 627:, during which time he took a hardline stance against 398:. The latter group opposed Coors' practice of using a 51: 2152: 2150: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1712: 1662: 1520: 1518: 1516: 852:, worked with activist Howard Wallace (an openly gay 583: 2272:

Cole, B. Erin; Brantley, Allyson (October 3, 2014).

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and the Denver-based Crusade for Justice. These two

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Agrees to End Boycott of Coors" 3200:"Coors Tries to Conquer Southeast Beer Market" 2909:"Making Big Business a Threat it Can't Refuse" 1273:been on the decline, with activist and writer 811:1960 kidnapping and murder of Adolph Coors III 717:-based group Crusade for Justice, initiated a 703:Starting in 1966, the Colorado chapter of the 317:Latest revision as of 09:58, 24 September 2024 160:Latest revision as of 09:58, 24 September 2024 3446:Workers in America: A Historical Encyclopedia 2977:"Union Boycott of Coors Extended to New York" 1340:Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation 840:. Around this time, president Allan Baird of 797:(left) helped coordinate an alliance between 2729: 2621: 2567:"AFL-CIO Ends 10-Year Boycott of Coors Beer" 2271: 2126: 1626: 1507: 487: 210: 132: 3443:Weir, Robert E. (2013). "Brewery Workers". 1838:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 2017 1347:to workers) and donating to events such as 3573:Hispanic and Latino American working class 2222:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1262:International Union of Operating Engineers 676:Ronald Reagan's 1976 presidential campaign 666:, which expressed concerns over potential 146:Knowledge:Categories for discussion/Speedy 3380: 2730:Lichtenstein, Grace (December 28, 1975). 2244: 2188:"Public messaging vs. internal practices" 1656: 1256:(NLRB). Shortly after the agreement, the 2906: 2824: 2564: 2449: 2395: 2185: 2073: 1989: 1974: 1950: 1861: 1759: 1280: 1160: 1156:League of United Latin American Citizens 788: 587: 468: 430:. Shortly after the strike started, the 327: 3036: 3009: 2691: 2543: 2437:from the original on September 16, 2018 2301:"Coors: Joseph Coors has met the enemy" 2298: 2212: 2168: 2085: 1919: 1873: 1784: 1723: 1668: 1595: 1524: 1235:Agreement between the AFL–CIO and Coors 1218:. In March, a scuffle broke out at the 735:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 3470: 3122: 3095: 3063: 3024:from the original on November 25, 2020 2853: 2486:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 2315:from the original on February 11, 2020 2245:Brantley, Allyson P. (June 3, 2021a). 2156: 1938: 1902: 1683: 1106:Mexican American Political Association 639:. Contemporary regents, from both the 87:Revision as of 22:54, 2 September 2024 3411: 3351: 3051:from the original on December 1, 2020 2971: 2868:from the original on December 5, 2020 2841:from the original on January 22, 2021 2660: 2591: 2505: 2493:from the original on January 28, 2021 2422: 2361:(Winter 1999). "Making out at Work". 2327: 2019: 1962: 1849: 1820: 1742: 1583: 1229: 1117:sponsored by Coors. Around 1984, the 1015:Workers vote to decertify local union 844:Local 921, which had organized Coors 674:. Joseph later donated money towards 625:Regents of the University of Colorado 3568:Hispanic and Latino American history 3518:African-American history of Colorado 3442: 3308: 3096:Stumbo, Bella (September 18, 1988). 3010:Richter, Paul (September 27, 1987). 2697:"Labor Truce Welcomed at Coors Base" 2565:Johnston, Oswald (August 20, 1987). 2357: 1803: 1706: 1099: 699:Hispanic and African American groups 77: 43: 2907:Peterson, Iver (December 2, 1984). 2880: 2766:"Coors to Stop Using Lie Detectors" 2679:from the original on March 21, 2021 2396:Grossman, Evan O. (March 5, 1987). 2286:from the original on March 20, 2021 2200:from the original on March 14, 2021 1638: 1135:University of Massachusetts Amherst 785:Polygraph testing and LGBT response 775:Mexican American Youth Organization 660:Corporation for Public Broadcasting 209: 174: 157: 150: 131: 96: 84: 13: 3488:1970s strikes in the United States 3387:University of North Carolina Press 3352:Blake, Kieran (January 24, 2020). 3345: 3110:from the original on April 6, 2021 3037:Roberts, Michael (June 27, 2002). 2894:from the original on April 5, 2022 2835:Party for Socialism and Liberation 2423:Hsiao, Andrew (November 3, 1998). 2410:from the original on June 23, 2014 2186:Anderson, Dave (October 8, 2015). 864:refusing to carry Coors products. 801:and labor unions to boycott Coors. 584:The Coors family and social issues 319: 32: 3624: 2808:. August 19, 1987. Archived from 2778:. August 29, 1986. Archived from 2609:from the original on June 6, 2021 2579:from the original on June 5, 2021 2467:from the original on June 5, 2021 1428:gives a specific number of 1,472. 1129:, and with Coors' expansion into 925:April 5, 1977 – December 14, 1978 693: 3272:"Coors Workers Reject Teamsters" 2960:. March 20, 1978. Archived from 2825:McDevitt, John (July 28, 2015). 1250:American Arbitration Association 909: 688:National Right to Work Committee 3608:National Organization for Women 3508:1978 labor disputes and strikes 3498:1977 labor disputes and strikes 3385:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: 2854:Mirken, Bruce (July 13, 2001). 2299:Crisman, Robert (Winter 1978). 1454: 1431: 1416: 1407: 1317:presence in every state except 1123:National Organization for Women 969:Change in grounds for dismissal 766:Southern Colorado State College 741:. That month, the EEOC filed a 440:National Organization for Women 220:Category:1970s in LGBTQ history 3603:National Education Association 3405:10.5149/9781469661056_brantley 3381:Brantley, Allyson P. (2021b). 1388: 1343:fact that the company offered 1254:National Labor Relations Board 1119:National Education Association 664:U.S. Senate Commerce Committee 534:Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company 444:National Education Association 216:Category:1970s in LGBT history 1: 3598:Molson Coors Beverage Company 3309:Wins, Molly (June 12, 1978). 2958:United Farmworkers of America 2628:"TEAMSTERS DEFEATED AT COORS" 1467: 1345:domestic partnership benefits 799:San Francisco's gay community 745:against the company with the 464: 315: 274: 267: 3593:History of Mexican Americans 3523:Alcohol in the United States 1325:Legacy in the LGBT community 504:that was founded in 1873 by 18:Browse history interactively 7: 2661:Kelly, Kim (June 7, 2019). 2455:"Muscling In On Texas Beer" 10: 3629: 3583:Labor disputes in Colorado 3358:Midlands Historical Review 3128:"The Beer and The Boycott" 2178: 421:In April 1977, members of 3538:Boycotts of organizations 2425:"The GLAAD Hand of Coors" 1293: 1026: 1021: 1006: 982: 963: 951: 931: 921: 916: 592:Executive Vice President 488:Coors and organized labor 234: 231: 156: 83: 3039:"A Brewing Disagreement" 2127:Kelleher & Reid 1988 1627:Cole & Brantley 2014 1381: 1196:Cambridge, Massachusetts 684:Free Congress Foundation 601:Executive Vice President 345:Coors strike and boycott 3418:Temple University Press 2309:Freedom Socialist Party 680:The Heritage Foundation 82: 3528:Anti-Mexican sentiment 3513:History of the AFL–CIO 3483:1970s in LGBTQ history 3412:Frank, Miriam (2014). 2950:President's Newsletter 1368:National Lawyers Guild 1314:Miller Brewing Company 1220:New York State Capitol 1192:Harvard Science Center 1170: 1167:Harvard Science Center 1127:Equal Rights Amendment 917:1977–1978 Coors strike 860:, leading to numerous 802: 708:veterans' organization 615:conservative political 596: 580:, among other groups. 544:of the product to the 484: 340: 3284:. December 17, 1988. 3174:. December 15, 1978. 2695:(September 7, 1987). 2626:(December 17, 1988). 2373:Duke University Press 2279:Colorado Public Radio 1394:A 1978 report by the 1376:Colorado Public Radio 1331:alternative newspaper 1281:Teamsters union drive 1164: 1152:National Urban League 1041:Coors Brewing Company 792: 668:conflicts of interest 608:Chairman of the Board 591: 546:eastern United States 538:Pabst Brewing Company 494:Coors Brewing Company 472: 408:city's LGBT community 357:Coors Brewing Company 338:Coors Brewing Company 331: 3449:. Vol. 1: A-L. 3331:on December 10, 2020 3220:on February 14, 2018 3126:(January 31, 1988). 2782:on November 12, 2020 2752:on November 12, 2020 2648:on December 10, 2020 2331:(January 22, 1979). 1198:, approximately 200 380:right wing political 3296:on January 30, 2018 3258:on November 4, 2017 3246:. August 20, 1987. 3162:"Around the Nation" 2997:on November 3, 2017 2929:on January 30, 2018 2882:"Coors bitter brew" 2856:"Coors Courts Gays" 2717:on November 5, 2017 2633:The Washington Post 2602:The Huffington Post 2403:The Harvard Crimson 2398:"Is Coors the One?" 2338:The Washington Post 2252:The Washington Post 1440:The Washington Post 1401:The Washington Post 1266:United Auto Workers 1113:, a Colorado-based 1090:decertify the union 900:gay rights movement 866:Gay rights activist 758:United Farm Workers 754:Delano grape strike 390:groups, as well as 3453:. pp. 83–87. 3316:The New York Times 3277:The New York Times 3239:The New York Times 3205:The New York Times 3167:The New York Times 3133:The New York Times 3075:St. Martin's Press 2982:The New York Times 2967:on March 18, 2015. 2914:The New York Times 2737:The New York Times 2702:The New York Times 2693:Knudson, Thomas J. 2595:(March 15, 2009). 2558:community.28035516 2531:on August 20, 2020 2516:The New York Times 2140:The New York Times 2108:The New York Times 2033:The New York Times 1547:The New York Times 1425:The New York Times 1363:Out Front Colorado 1230:End of the boycott 1200:Harvard University 1171: 1133:, students at the 1059:The New York Times 823:sexual orientation 803: 672:John Birch Society 656:board of directors 620:The New York Times 597: 485: 461:in San Francisco. 341: 172: 94: 3553:Consumer boycotts 3460:978-1-59884-719-2 3427:978-1-4399-1139-6 3396:978-1-4696-6103-2 3208:. April 2, 1983. 3103:Los Angeles Times 3084:978-0-312-56085-0 3017:Los Angeles Times 2975:(March 9, 1987). 2890:. July 29, 2004. 2801:Los Angeles Times 2771:Los Angeles Times 2622:Kelleher, Susan; 2572:Los Angeles Times 2430:The Village Voice 2305:Freedom Socialist 2233:978-0-89608-416-2 2053:Los Angeles Times 2003:Los Angeles Times 1686:, pp. 82–83. 1598:, pp. 80–81. 1508:Lichtenstein 1975 1335:The Village Voice 1309:Los Angeles Times 1287:Los Angeles Times 1169:in February 1987. 1115:road bicycle race 1100:Continued boycott 1081:Los Angeles Times 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 770:restraining order 723:Mexican Americans 713:, along with the 711:American GI Forum 637:Chicana/o studies 376:African Americans 368:American GI Forum 314: 158: 85: 65: 3620: 3533:Beer in Colorado 3503:1978 in Colorado 3493:1977 in Colorado 3464: 3439: 3416:. Philadelphia: 3408: 3377: 3376:on May 16, 2021. 3372:. Archived from 3340: 3338: 3336: 3327:. Archived from 3305: 3303: 3301: 3292:. Archived from 3282:Associated Press 3267: 3265: 3263: 3254:. Archived from 3244:Associated Press 3229: 3227: 3225: 3216:. Archived from 3195: 3193: 3191: 3186:on March 7, 2018 3182:. Archived from 3172:Associated Press 3157: 3155: 3153: 3144:. Archived from 3124:Tasini, Jonathan 3119: 3117: 3115: 3092: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2993:. Archived from 2968: 2966: 2947: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2925:. Archived from 2903: 2901: 2899: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2812:on April 9, 2021 2806:Associated Press 2791: 2789: 2787: 2776:Associated Press 2761: 2759: 2757: 2748:. Archived from 2726: 2724: 2722: 2713:. Archived from 2688: 2686: 2684: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2644:. Archived from 2618: 2616: 2614: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2561: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2527:. Archived from 2509:(May 28, 1979). 2502: 2500: 2498: 2489:. June 2, 2017. 2476: 2474: 2472: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2392: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2341:. 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Archived from 2241: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2145: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2113: 2104: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2058: 2049: 2038: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2008: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1923: 1917: 1906: 1900: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1824: 1818: 1807: 1801: 1788: 1782: 1763: 1757: 1746: 1740: 1727: 1721: 1710: 1704: 1687: 1681: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1645: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1552: 1543: 1528: 1522: 1511: 1505: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1449:Associated Press 1435: 1429: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1396:Associated Press 1392: 1252:rather than the 1224:Albany, New York 1216:Elkton, Virginia 1094:Associated Press 1028: 1027: 914: 913: 885:Briggs Amendment 881:gay neighborhood 815:background check 779:Raza Unida Party 739:clerical workers 731:African American 629:student activism 513:Golden, Colorado 361:Golden, Colorado 347:was a series of 334:Golden, Colorado 226: 212: 204: 190: 171: 166: 148: 134: 126: 112: 93: 66: 57: 56: 54: 49: 47: 39: 36: 21: 19: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3543:Brewery workers 3468: 3467: 3461: 3428: 3397: 3348: 3346:Further reading 3343: 3334: 3332: 3299: 3297: 3261: 3259: 3223: 3221: 3189: 3187: 3151: 3149: 3148:on May 12, 2021 3113: 3111: 3085: 3054: 3052: 3027: 3025: 3000: 2998: 2973:Prial, Frank J. 2964: 2945: 2932: 2930: 2897: 2895: 2871: 2869: 2844: 2842: 2831:Liberation News 2815: 2813: 2785: 2783: 2755: 2753: 2720: 2718: 2682: 2680: 2651: 2649: 2612: 2610: 2582: 2580: 2534: 2532: 2496: 2494: 2470: 2468: 2451:Hurt III, Harry 2440: 2438: 2413: 2411: 2348: 2346: 2345:on June 4, 2021 2318: 2316: 2289: 2287: 2262: 2260: 2259:on June 3, 2021 2234: 2224:South End Press 2203: 2201: 2181: 2176: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2148: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2116: 2105: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2061: 2050: 2041: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2011: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1949: 1945: 1937: 1926: 1918: 1909: 1901: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1844: 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2095: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2074:Johnston 1987 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2056: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2036: 2034: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1991: 1990:Grossman 1987 1986: 1984: 1976: 1975:Peterson 1984 1971: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1951:Anderson 2015 1947: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1922:, p. 81. 1921: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1862:Hurt III 1976 1858: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1806:, p. 91. 1805: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1761: 1760:McDevitt 2015 1756: 1754: 1752: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1726:, p. 80. 1725: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1671:, p. 66. 1670: 1665: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1643: 1641: 1635: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1597: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1550: 1548: 1542: 1540: 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