3057:
is essential to its mission, is nonetheless open to a new situation. For a whole millennium
Christians were united in ‘a brotherly fraternal communion of faith and sacramental life … If disagreements in belief and discipline arose among them, the Roman See acted by common consent as moderator’. In this way the primacy exercised its office of unity. When addressing the Ecumenical Patriarch His Holiness Dimitrios I, I acknowledged my awareness that, ‘…what should have been a service sometimes manifested itself in a very different light. … I constantly pray the Holy Spirit to shine his light upon us, enlightening all the Pastors and theologians of our Churches, that we may seek – together, of course – the forms in which this ministry may accomplish a service of love recognized by all concerned’. “This is an immense task, which we cannot refuse and which I cannot carry out by myself. Could not the real but imperfect communion existing between us persuade Church leaders and their theologians to engage with me in a patient and fraternal dialogue on this subject, a dialogue in which, leaving useless controversies behind, we could listen to one another, keeping before us only the will of Christ for his Church and allowing ourselves to be deeply moved by his plea ‘that they may all be one … so that the world may believe that you sent me’ (Jn 17.21)?” )(para 95) “The Catholic Church … holds that the communion of the particular Churches with the Church of Rome, and of their Bishops with the Bishop of Rome, is – in God’s plan – an essential requisite for full and visible communion. Indeed, full communion, of which the Eucharist is the highest sacramental manifestation, need to be visibly expressed in a ministry in which all the Bishops recognize that they are united in Christ and all the faithful find confirmation for their faith. The first part of the Acts of the Apostles presents Peter as the one who speaks in the name of the apostolic group and who serves the unity of the community – all the while respecting the authority of James, the head of the Church in Jerusalem.” (para 97)
337:
Ephesians'' - Chapter VI - Have respect to the bishop as to Christ
Himself.</ref><ref>"He who honors the bishop has been honored by God; he who does anything without the knowledge of the bishop, does serve the devil." Ignatius ''Epistle to the Smyrneans'' - Chapter IX.—Honour the bishop.</ref><ref>"As therefore the Lord does nothing without the Father, for says He, "I can of mine own self do nothing," so do ye, neither presbyter, nor deacon, nor layman, do anything without the bishop" Ignatius ''Epistle to the Magnesians'' - Chapter VII —Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters.</ref><ref>"For your justly-renowned presbytery, being worthy of God, is fitted as exactly to the bishop as the strings are to the harp." Ignatius''Epistle to the Ephesians'' – Chapter IV – the same continued.</ref><ref>"And do ye also reverence your bishop as Christ Himself, according as the blessed apostles have enjoined you. He that is within the altar is pure, wherefore also he is obedient to the bishop and presbyters: but he that is without is one that does anything apart from the bishop, the presbyters, and the deacons. Such a person is defiled in his conscience, and is worse than an infidel. For what is the bishop but one who beyond all others possesses all power and authority, so far as it is possible for a man to possess it who according to his ability has been made an imitator of the Christ of God?" Ignatius ''Epistle to the Trallians''. Chapter VII.— The same continued.</ref>
441:{{quote|Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to the Church which has obtained mercy, through the majesty of the Most High Father, and Jesus Christ, His only-begotten Son; the Church which is beloved and enlightened by the will of Him that willeth all things which are according to the love of Jesus Christ our God, which also presides in the place of the region of the Romans, worthy of God, worthy of honour, worthy of the highest happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of obtaining her every desire, worthy of being deemed holy, and which presides over love, is named from Christ, and from the Father, which I also salute in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father: to those who are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His commandments; who are filled inseparably with the grace of God, and are purified from every strange taint, abundance of happiness unblameably, in Jesus Christ our God.<ref></ref>}}
620:, the union of his two natures in a single person developed as the result of drawing out from the original revealed truth consequences that were not obvious at first: "Thanks to the assistance of the Holy Spirit, the understanding of both the realities and the words of the heritage of faith is able to grow in the life of the Church 'through the contemplation and study of believers who ponder these things in their hearts'; it is in particular 'theological research deepens knowledge of revealed truth'". Accordingly, it would be a mistake to expect to find the modern fully developed doctrine of papal primacy in the first centuries, thereby failing to recognize the Church's historical reality. The figure of the pope as leader of the worldwide church developed over time, as the figure of the bishop as leader of the local church seems to have appeared later than in the time of the apostles.
1372:, the Anglican Church has never abandoned a possible role for the Roman primacy, so long as the ministry of the Bishop of Rome is rightly understood, interpreted, and implemented. The ministry of the Bishop of Rome should not be an obstacle, but rather should function as a possible instrument of ultimate Christian unity. Orthodox Anglicanism today acknowledges that the ministry of the papacy is evolving rapidly and could someday be received by the Anglican Church as means tending toward the reconciliation of all Churches. A de facto recognition of the historic papal ministry already exists within the Anglican Communion, which has consistently maintained throughout her history that the Roman Pontiff possesses a station of primus inter pares, ‘first amongst equals,’ a primacy of honour and reverence, though not of jurisdiction or personal infallibility.
1848:"Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate. But this did not please all the bishops. And they besought him to consider the things of peace, and of neighborly unity and love. Words of theirs are extant, sharply rebuking Victor. Among them was Irenæus, who, sending letters in the name of the brethren in Gaul over whom he presided, maintained that the mystery of the resurrection of the Lord should be observed only on the Lord's day. He fittingly admonishes Victor that he should not cut off whole churches of God which observed the tradition of an ancient custom."
814:
all refer not simply to the historical Peter, but to his successors to the end of time. Today, scriptural scholars of all traditions agree that we can discern in the New
Testament an early tradition which attributes a special position to Peter among Christ's twelve apostles. The Church built its identity on them as witnesses, and responsibility for pastoral leadership was not restricted to Peter. In Matthew 16:19, Peter is explicitly commissioned to "bind and loose"; later, in Matthew 18:18, Christ directly promises all the disciples that they will do the same. Similarly, the foundation upon which the Church is built is related to Peter in Matthew 16:16, and to the whole apostolic body elsewhere in the New Testament (cf. Eph. 2:10).
3467:"He has given, therefore, the keys to His Church, that whatsoever it should bind on earth might be bound in heaven, and whatsoever it should loose on earth might be, loosed in heaven; that is to say, that whosoever in the Church should not believe that his sins are remitted, they should not be remitted to him; but that whosoever should believe and should repent, and turn from his sins, should be saved by the same faith and repentance on the ground of which he is received into the bosom of the Church. For he who does not believe that his sins can be pardoned, falls into despair, and becomes worse as if no greater good remained for him than to be evil, when he has ceased to have faith in the results of his own repentance."
3332:"He has given, therefore, the keys to His Church, that whatsoever it should bind on earth might be bound in heaven, and whatsoever it should loose on earth might be, loosed in heaven; that is to say, that whosoever in the Church should not believe that his sins are remitted, they should not be remitted to him; but that whosoever should believe and should repent, and turn from his sins, should be saved by the same faith and repentance on the ground of which he is received into the bosom of the Church. For he who does not believe that his sins can be pardoned, falls into despair, and becomes worse as if no greater good remained for him than to be evil, when he has ceased to have faith in the results of his own repentance."
1945:"The East never accepted the regular jurisdiction of Rome, nor did it submit to the judgment of Western bishops. Its appeals to Rome for help were not connected with a recognition of the principle of Roman jurisdiction but were based on the view that Rome had the same truth, the same good. The East jealously protected its autonomous way of life. Rome intervened to safeguard the observation of legal rules, to maintain the orthodoxy of faith and to ensure communion between the two parts of the church, the Roman see representing and personifying the West...In according Rome a ‘primacy of honour’, the East avoided basing this primacy on the succession and the still living presence of the apostle Peter. A
1465:
apostolic times, the Church of Rome has been recognised as the first among the local
Churches, both in the East and in the West." Both sides agree that "the primacy of the see precedes the primacy of its bishops and is the source of the latter". While in the West, "the position of the bishop of Rome among the bishops was understood in terms of the position of Peter among the apostles ... the East tended rather to understand each bishop as the successor of all the apostles, including Peter"; but these rather different understandings "co-existed for several centuries until the end of the first millennium, without causing a break of communion".
3480:"...Peter, the first of the apostles, receive the keys of the kingdom of heaven for the binding and loosing of sins; and for the same congregation of saints, in reference to the perfect repose in the bosom of that mysterious life to come did the evangelist John recline on the breast of Christ. For it is not the former alone but the whole Church, that bindeth and looseth sins; nor did the latter alone drink at the fountain of the Lord's breast, to emit again in preaching, of the Word in the beginning, God with God, and those other sublime truths regarding the divinity of Christ, and the Trinity and Unity of the whole Godhead."
3345:"...Peter, the first of the apostles, receive the keys of the kingdom of heaven for the binding and loosing of sins; and for the same congregation of saints, in reference to the perfect repose in the bosom of that mysterious life to come did the evangelist John recline on the breast of Christ. For it is not the former alone but the whole Church, that bindeth and looseth sins; nor did the latter alone drink at the fountain of the Lord's breast, to emit again in preaching, of the Word in the beginning, God with God, and those other sublime truths regarding the divinity of Christ, and the Trinity and Unity of the whole Godhead."
929:
9422:
3559:"This (James) was bishop, as they say, and therefore he speaks last...There was no arrogance in the Church. After Peter, Paul speaks, and none silences him: James waits patiently; not starts up (for the next word). No word speaks John here, no word the other Apostles, but held their peace, for James was invested with the chief rule, and think it no hardship. So clean was their soul from love of glory. Peter indeed spoke more strongly, but James here more mildly: for thus it behooves one in high authority, to leave what is unpleasant for others to say, while he himself appears in the milder part." John Chrysostom
790:
bishops of Rome relied on a letter written in 416 by
Innocent I to the Bishop of Gubbio, to show how subordination to Rome had been established. Since Peter was the only apostle (no mention of Paul) to have worked in the West, thus the only persons to have established churches in Italy, Spain, Gaul, Sicily, Africa, and the Western islands were bishops appointed by Peter or his successors. This being the case then, all congregations had to abide by the regulations set in Rome. This claim to primacy may have been accepted in Italy, but was not so readily accepted in the rest of the West.
283:
T. A., (1974) ''Papal
Primacy and the Universal Church: Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue V'' (Augsburg Publishing House; Minneapolis, MN) p47.</ref> This then is the unity of the church – each church united to its bishop -each of these churches united to each other. There is no evidence of him accepting a single supreme bishop-of-bishops as the bishops authority is localised to a particular church.<ref>Srawley, J. H., (1910) ''The epistles of St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch'', Volume 1, (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; London), p34</ref>
1987:"Contrary to popular opinion, the word catholic does not mean "universal"; it means "whole, complete, lacking nothing." ...Thus , to confess the Church to be catholic is to say that She possesses the fullness of the Christian faith. To say, however, that Orthodox and Rome constitute two lungs of the same Church is to deny that either Church separately is catholic in any meaningful sense of the term. This is not only contrary to the teaching of Orthodoxy, it is flatly contrary to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, which considered itself truly catholic"
628:, who summed up his thought by saying: "Developments of Christianity are proved to have been in the contemplation of its Divine Author, by an argument parallel to that by which we infer intelligence in the system of the physical world. In whatever sense the need and its supply are a proof of design in the physical creation, in the same do gaps, if the word may be used, which occur in the structure of the original creed of the Church, make it probable that those developments, which grow out of the truths which lie around them, were intended to complete it."
1017:"Christians" {7} (as well as "Catholic") and, with Alexandria, was an important early center of Christian thought. It is important to note, however, that the three main apostolic sees of the early Church (i.e. Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome) were directly related to Peter. Prior to holding the position of Bishop of Rome, Peter was the Bishop of Antioch. And his disciple, St. Mark the Evangelist, founded the church in Alexandria. Constantinople became highly important after Constantine moved his capital there in 330 AD.
780:
the part of arbiter, settling contentious issues by witnessing to the truth or falsity of whatever doctrine was put before them. Rome was truly the centre where all converged if they wanted their doctrine to be accepted by the conscience of the Church. They could not count upon success except on one condition -- that the Church of Rome had received their doctrine -- and refusal from Rome predetermined the attitude the other churches would adopt. There are numerous cases of this recourse to Rome...
3437:"This faith it is which is the foundation of the Church; through this faith the gates of hell cannot prevail against her. This is the faith which has the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever this faith shall have loosed or bound on earth shall be loosed or bound in heaven. This faith is the Father's gift by revelation; even the knowledge that we must not imagine a false Christ, a creature made out of nothing, but must confess Him the Son of God, truly possessed of the Divine nature."
3302:"This faith it is which is the foundation of the Church; through this faith the gates of hell cannot prevail against her. This is the faith which has the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever this faith shall have loosed or bound on earth shall be loosed or bound in heaven. This faith is the Father's gift by revelation; even the knowledge that we must not imagine a false Christ, a creature made out of nothing, but must confess Him the Son of God, truly possessed of the Divine nature."
714:, according to St. Ignatius of Antioch. This formula and the definition of the universal primacy contained in it have been aptly analyzed by Fr Afanassieff and we need not repeat his argument here. Neither can we quote here all testimonies of the fathers and the councils unanimously acknowledging Rome as the senior church and the center of ecumenical agreement. It is only for the sake of biased polemics that one can ignore these testimonies, their consensus and significance."
644:(the name of Clement was added only later), in which the Church of Rome intervenes in matters of the Church of Corinth, admonishing it in authoritative tones, even speaking in the name of God. It was only later that the expression of Saint Ignatius could be interpreted as meaning, as agreed by representatives of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, that "Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch (
8160:
6176:
509:
10835:
9434:
8149:
6951:
6165:
1479:
1841:), not necessarily on Sunday. "Bishop Victor of Rome ordered synods to be held to settle the matter – an interesting early instance of synodality and indeed of popes encouraging synods – and excommunicated Polycrates of Ephesus and the bishops of Asia when their synod refused to adopt the Roman line. Victor was rebuked by Irenaeus for this severity and it seems that he revoked his sentence and that communion was preserved."
2880:, Histoire de la dédicace de Saint-Remy, a c. di J. Hourier, in La champagne benedictine. Contribution a l’année saint Benoit (480-1980), Reims 1981 (Travaux de l’Académie Nationale de Reims 160), 240. See Michele Giuseppe D'Agostino, Il Primato della Sede di Roma in Leone IX. Studio dei testi latini nella controversia greco-romana nel periodo pregregoriano, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo 2008, 124-127.
71:
727:
consciousness of the
Primacy of the Roman Bishops, and of the recognition of the Primacy by the other churches appear at the end of the 1st century…St. Ignatius elevated the Roman community over all the communities using in his epistle a solemn form of address. Twice he says of it that it is the presiding community, which expresses a relationship of superiority and inferiority.
1347:, but since communion with the Roman Pontiff is one of the internal constitutive principles of a particular Church, they lack something in their condition, while on the other hand the existing division means that the fullness of universality that is proper to the Church governed by the successor of St Peter and the bishops in communion with him is not now realised in history.
1177:, a convert to the cause of union. In spite of a sustained campaign by Bekkos to defend the union intellectually, and vigorous and brutal repression of opponents by Michael, the vast majority of Byzantine Christians remained implacably opposed to union with the Latin "heretics". Michael's death in December 1282 put an end to the union of Lyon. His son and successor
1007:"The see of blessed Peter the Apostle has the right to unbind what has been bound by sentences of any pontiffs whatever, in that it has the right to judge the whole church. Neither is it lawful for anyone to judge its judgment, seeing that canons have willed that it might be appealed to from any part of the world, but that no one may be allowed to appeal from it."
2648:
325:{{quote|"In like manner, let all reverence the deacons as an appointment of Jesus Christ, and the bishop as Jesus Christ, who is the Son of the Father, and the presbyters as the Sanhedrin of God, and assembly of the apostles. Apart from these, there is no Church."<ref>''Epistle to the Trallians''. Chapter III.—Honour the deacons, etc.</ref>}}
1120:. However, as the pope was already dead by this time, the powers of the Legate also ceased at the moment of the pope's death; so the Legate's excommunication was technically invalid. Similarly, the ceremony of excommunication of the pope performed by Michael I was equally invalid as one cannot be posthumously excommunicated. This event resulted in the
2537:.2: the "...Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. ...The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate."
986:(401-417) claimed that all major cases should be reserved to the see of Rome and wrote: "All must preserve that which Peter the prince of the apostles delivered to the church at Rome and which it has watched over until now, and nothing may be added or introduced that lacks this authority or that derives its pattern from somewhere else."
1452:, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium"; and "while the fact of primacy at the universal level is accepted by both East and West, there are differences of understanding with regard to the manner in which it is to be exercised, and also with regard to its scriptural and theological foundations".
759:(d.258) stressed the Petrine primacy as well as the unity of the Church and the importance of being in communion with the bishops. For him, "the Bishop of Rome is the direct heir of Peter, whereas the others are heirs only indirectly", and he insisted that "the Church of Rome is the root and matrix of the Catholic Church".
1995:"The body of Christ must always be equal with itself…The local church which manifests the body of Christ cannot be subsumed into any larger organisation or collectivity which makes it more catholic and more in unity, for the simple reason that the principle of total catholicity and total unity is already intrinsic to it."
825:
sense that the historical and sociological factors that influenced its development are seen as guided by the Holy Spirit. Not all Roman
Catholic theologians see a special providential providence as responsible for the result, but most see the papacy, regardless of its origin, as now essential to the Church's structure.
1290:, the Roman Catholic Church's teaching on the authority of the pope, bishops and councils was further elaborated. Vatican II sought to correct the unbalanced ecclesiology left behind by Vatican I. The result is the body of teaching about the papacy and episcopacy contained in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church,
962:, as was the case also when Gregory the Great recognized it as one of the four general councils, but only in its dogmatic utterances. In Roman Catholic doctrine no council, regardless of who summoned it or who presided over it, is ecumenical unless it is confirmed or at least recognized as such by the pope.
1297:
Vatican II reaffirmed everything
Vatican I taught about papal primacy and infallibility, but it added important points about bishops. Bishops, it says, are not "vicars of the Roman Pontiff." Rather, in governing their local churches they are "vicars and legates of Christ". Together, they form a body,
779:
This passage in
Irenaeus illuminates the meaning of his remarks about the Church of Rome: if there are disputes in a local church, that church should have recourse to the Roman Church, for there is contained the Tradition which is preserved by all the churches. Rome's vocation consisted in playing
709:
It is impossible to deny that, even before the appearance of local primacies, the Church from the first days of her existence possessed an ecumenical center of unity and agreement. In the apostolic and Judeo-Christian period, it was the Church of Jerusalem, and later the Church of Rome – presiding in
336:
There is no reference to another tier above bishop. For Ignatius, the bishop is supreme, not the bishop because he is in communion with the bishop in Rome.<ref>"It is manifest, therefore, that we should look upon the bishop even as we would look upon the Lord Himself." Ignatius ''Epistle to the
1464:
The meeting in Cyprus of a joint drafting committee produced a historical account of "The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First Millennium", which the Vienna meeting asked to be revised and amplified. This document states that "Catholics and Orthodox agree that, from
789:
The evolution of earlier tradition established both Peter and Paul as the forefathers of the bishops of Rome, from whom they received their position as chief shepherd (Peter) and supreme authority on doctrine (Paul). To establish her primacy among the churches of the Western half of the empire, the
3056:
Ut Unum Sint, paras 95-95: “I am convinced that I have a particular responsibility …above all in acknowledging the ecumenical aspirations of the majority of the Christian Communities and in heeding the request made of me to find a way of exercising the primacy which, while in no way renouncing what
2066:
In opposition to this view, Francis Dvornik asserts that not only did Damasus offer "no protest against the elevation of Constantinople", that change in the primacy of the major sees was effected in an "altogether friendly atmosphere." According to Dvornik, "Everyone continued to regard the Bishop
1566:
It is argued that Matthew 16:18-19 does not support the authority given to Peter and that the keys were given not to Peter alone but to the whole church. Some consider that Jesus was considering the proclamation made my Peter to be the rock and foundation of the faith. Others say that even if Peter
1427:
The document "draws an analogy among the three levels of communion: local, regional, and universal, each of which appropriately has a 'first' with the role of fostering communion, in order to ground the rationale of why the universal level must also have a primacy. It articulates the principle that
824:
Because of its association with the supposed position of Peter among the Apostles, the function that within the Roman Catholic Church is exercised by the Bishop of Rome among the Bishops as a whole is referred to as the Petrine function, and is generally believed to be of divine institution, in the
623:
That the Christian scriptures, which contain no cut-and-dried answers to questions such as whether there is forgiveness for post-baptismal sins or whether infants should be baptized, gradually become clearer in the light of events is a view expressed, when considering the doctrine of papal primacy,
282:
For Ignatius each church under a bishop is complete – the original meaning of "catholic". For Ignatius the church is a world-wide unity of many communities. Each has at its center a bishop "who draws together the local community in the Eucharistic celebration."<ref>Empie, P. C., & Murphy,
1543:
efforts between the Roman Catholic Church and the other Christian churches. Most Eastern Orthodox Christians, for example, would be quite willing to accord the Bishop of Rome the same respect, deference and authority as is accorded to any Eastern Orthodox patriarch, but resist granting him special
1267:
Paul Collins argues that "(the doctrine of papal primacy as formulated by the First Vatican Council) has led to the exercise of untrammelled papal power and has become a major stumbling block in ecumenical relationships with the Orthodox (who consider the definition to be heresy) and Protestants."
856:
of the Roman see. Although the introduction of Christianity was not due to them, "the arrival, ministries and especially the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul were the seminal events which really constituted the Church of Rome. It was from their time, and not before, that an orderly and meetly ordained
813:
Classic Roman Catholic tradition maintained that the universal primacy of the bishop of Rome was divinely instituted by Jesus Christ. This was derived from the Petrine texts, and from the gospel accounts of Matthew (16:17‑19), Luke (22:32) and John (21:15‑17) according to the Roman tradition, they
700:
While the doctrine of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, in the form in which it is upheld today in the Roman Catholic Church, developed over the course of centuries often in reaction to challenges made against exercises of authority by popes, writers both of East and West declare that from a very
586:" ("first among equals"), without effective power over other churches, while others see primacy as indeed power, the expression, manifestation and realization in one bishop of the power of all the bishops, an expression and manifestation of the unity not just of the churches but of the Church. The
998:
in 451. In line with the norm of Roman law that a person's legal rights and duties passed to his heir, Pope Leo (440-461) taught that he, as Peter's representative, succeeded to the power and authority of Peter, and he implied that it was through Peter that the other apostles received from Christ
965:
The increasing involvement of Eastern emperors in church matters and the advancement of the see of Constantinopolis over the sees of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem led successive bishops of Rome to attempt a sharper definition of their ecclesial position vis-a-vis the other bishops. The first
639:
addressed to it in the first years of the 2nd century, contains a definition of that Church's universal primacy; but the Roman Catholic writer Klaus Schatz warns that it would be wrong to read as statements of the developed Roman Catholic teaching on papal primacy this letter and the even earlier
1301:
In a key passage about collegiality, Vatican II teaches: "The order of bishops is the successor to the college of the apostles in their role as teachers and pastors, and in it the apostolic college is perpetuated. Together with their head, the Supreme Pontiff, and never apart from him, they have
1298:
a "college," whose head is the pope. This episcopal college is responsible for the well-being of the Universal Church. Here in a nutshell are the basic elements of the Council’s much-discussed communio ecclesiology, which affirms the importance of local churches and the doctrine of collegiality.
804:
The presence of Peter in Rome, not explicitly affirmed in but consistent with the New Testament, is explicitly affirmed by Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus of Lyon and other early Christian writers. and no other city has ever claimed to be the place of his death. The same witnesses
2007:
It is the position of Orthodox Christianity that Roman Catholic arguments in support of the teaching have relied on proofs from Fathers that have either been misinterpreted or so taken out of context as to misrepresent their true intent. It is the position of Orthodox Christianity that a closer
1271:
Forced to break off prematurely by secular political developments in 1870, Vatican I left behind it a somewhat unbalanced ecclesiology. "In theology the question of papal primacy was so much in the foreground that the Church appeared essentially as a centrally directed institution which one was
598:
In 2007, representatives of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church jointly stated that both East and West accept the fact of the Bishop of Rome's primacy at the universal level, but that differences of understanding exist about how the primacy is to be exercised and about its
388:
John Chrysostom referred to Ignatius of Antioch as a "teacher equivalent to Peter".<ref>''Homilies on S. Ignatius and S. Babylas'' – Eulogy "...when Peter was about to depart from here, the grace of the Spirit introduced another teacher equivalent to Peter..."Eulogy quoted in Abbé Guettée
243:
The ruling of the Council was expressed as being the decision of all the council, not just Peter. Continuing with this the opening statements of official formulations normally begins with the phrase "Following the Holy Fathers", not "Following the ruling of the Pope."<ref>Chrestou, P. K.,
235:
The ruling of the Council was expressed as being the decision of all the council, not just Peter. Continuing with this the opening statements of official formulations normally begins with the phrase "Following the Holy Fathers", not "Following the ruling of the Pope."<ref>Chrestou, P. K.,
957:
in the following year 382 protested against this raising of the bishop of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, to a status higher than that of the bishops of Alexandria and Antioch, and stated that the primacy of the Roman see was established by no gathering of bishops but by Christ
294:{{quote|"Just as the Father is the principal of unity within the Holy Trinity, so the bishop is the center of the visible unity of the Church on earth."<ref>Carlton, C., (1997) ''The Faith: Understanding Orthodox Christianity,'' (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p169.</ref>}}
3539:
This James, whom the early Christians surnamed the Righteous because of his outstanding virtue, was the first, as the records tell us, to be elected to the Episcopal throne of the Jerusalem church. Clement, in Outlines Book VI, puts it thus: "Peter, James, and John, after the Ascension of the
2774:
461:
J.H. Srawley concedes that the Roman church ''presides'' but argues that it is unclear as to what area the act of''presiding'' ("presides in the place of the region of the Romans" and "presides over love") refers to. He argues that the act of ''presiding'' may be simply of those churches in
2680:
Pope Damasus offered no protest against the elevation of Constantinople, even though Alexandria had always been, in the past, in close contact with Rome. This event, which has often been considered the first conflict between Rome and Byzantium, actually took place in an altogether friendly
1016:
Rome was not the only city that could claim a special role in Christ's Church. Jerusalem had the prestige of being the city of Christ's death and resurrection, and an important church council was held there in the 1st century. Antioch was the place where Jesus' followers were first called
726:
The doctrine of the primacy of the Roman Bishops, like other Church teachings and instructions, has gone through a development. Thus the establishment of the primacy recorded in the Gospels has been gradually more clearly recognized and its implications developed. Clear recognition of the
1556:
The topic of the Papacy and its authority is among the main differences between the Catholic Church and many other Christian denominations. The Bible is considered to be the sole authority on Christian doctrine and theology, and that interpretation does not lie solely with one individual
1377:"Communion with the bishop of Rome does not imply submission to an authority which would stifle the distinctive features of the local churches. The purpose of the episcopal function of the bishop of Rome is to promote Christian fellowship in faithfulness to the teaching of the apostles."
1627:
It has been argued that Church councils did not consider papal decisions binding. The Third Ecumenical Council was called, even though Pope Celestine I condemned Nestorius as a heretic which Whelton argues shows that the council did not consider the papal condemnation as definitive.
1124:
of the Greek rite and Latin rite Churches. It did not have the effect of excommunicating the adherents of the respective Churches however, as the tit-for-tat excommunications, even had they been valid, would have applied to the named persons only, not the people of God in general.
429:
Ignatius' Epistle to the Romans is used by Catholic apologists to suggest Roman primacy.<ref>Ray, S. K., (1999) ''Upon this rock: St. Peter and the primacy of Rome in scripture and the early church'', (Ignatius Press; San Francisco), p72</ref> In particular his opening
1259:
Vatican I defined a twofold Primacy of Peter — one in papal teaching on faith and morals (the charism of infallibility), and the other a primacy of jurisdiction involving government and discipline of the Church — submission to both being necessary to Catholic faith and salvation.
3454:) the Son of thunder, the beloved of Christ, the pillar of the Churches throughout the world, who holds the keys of heaven, who drank the cup of Christ, and was baptized with His baptism, who lay upon his Master’s bosom, with much confidence, this man now comes forward to us now"
3319:) the Son of thunder, the beloved of Christ, the pillar of the Churches throughout the world, who holds the keys of heaven, who drank the cup of Christ, and was baptized with His baptism, who lay upon his Master’s bosom, with much confidence, this man now comes forward to us now"
936:
The event that is often considered to have been the first conflict between Rome and Constantinople was triggered by the elevation of the see of Constantinople to a position of honour, second only to Rome on the grounds that, as capital of the eastern Roman empire, it was now the
2757:"Paschasinus, the most reverend bishop and legate of the Apostolic See, stood up in the midst with his most reverend colleagues and said: We received directions at the hands of the most blessed and apostolic bishop of the Roman city, which is the head of all the churches, ..." (
1828:
The ruling of the Council was expressed as being the decision of all the council, not just Peter. Continuing with this the opening statements of official formulations normally begins with the phrase "Following the Holy Fathers", not "Following the ruling of the Pope."
739:, to explain the fact of this generally recognized presiding or primatial position of the Church of Rome. The Church of Rome also appealed to it as justification for certain actions that it took in relation to other Churches, actions that often met with resistance.
2458:
1417:
1455:
Discussions continued in Aghios Nikolaos, Crete (a drafting committee) in September–October 2008, Paphos, Cyprus in October 2009 and Vienna, Austria in September 2010. Igumen Filipp Ryabykh, the deputy head of the MP Department for External Church Relations said
1531:
Stephen Ray asserts that "There is little in the history of the Church that has been more heatedly contested than the primacy of Peter and the See of Rome. History is replete with examples of authority spurned, and the history of the Church is no different."
3622:
Joint Coordinating Committee for the Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church (Aghios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece, 27 September - 4 October 2008), "The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First
1252:, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ of Vatican Council I. This document declares that “in the disposition of God the Roman church holds the preeminence of ordinary power over all the other churches.” This council also affirmed the dogma of
153:
10862:
1428:
primacy and conciliarity are interdependent and mutually necessary." Speaking of "fraternal relations between bishops" during the first millennium, it states that "these relations, among the bishops themselves, between the bishops and their respective
751:(254-257). The timing of the claim is significant, for it was made during the worst of the tumults of the third century. There were several persecutions during this century which hit the Church of Rome hard; Stephen himself and his immediate successor
63:
1172:
The council was seemingly a success, but did not provide a lasting solution to the schism; the Emperor was anxious to heal the schism, but the Eastern clergy proved to be obstinate. Patriarch Joseph of Constantinople abdicated, and was replaced by
1460:"The fact that the Pope of Rome claims universal jurisdiction is simply contrary to Orthodox ecclesiology, which teaches that the Orthodox Church, whilst preserving unity of faith and church order, nevertheless consists of several Local Churches"
1440:) witnessed by the ancient Church, nourished and consolidated ecclesial communion. It notes that both sides agree "that Rome, as the church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch, occupied the first place in the
1263:
Vatican I rejected the ideas that papal decrees have "no force or value unless confirmed by an order of the secular power" and that the pope’s decisions can be appealed to an ecumenical council "as to an authority higher than the Roman Pontiff."
1364:(ARCIC) statement of Venice (1976) states that the ministry of the bishop of Rome among his brother bishops was "interpreted" as Christ's will for his Church; its Importance was compared "by analogy" to the position of Peter among the apostles.
2112:
The question of the primacy of the Roman pope has been and remains, together with the question of the Filioque, one of the main causes of separation between the Latin Church and the Orthodox churches and one of the principal obstacles to their
1302:
supreme and full authority over the Universal Church; but this power cannot be exercised without the agreement of the Roman Pontiff". Much of the present discussion of papal primacy is concerned with exploring the implications of this passage.
3424:"What, now, (has this to do) with the Church, and) your (church), indeed, Psychic? For, in accordance with the person of Peter, it is to spiritual men that this power will correspondently appertain, either to an apostle or else to a prophet."
3289:"What, now, (has this to do) with the Church, and) your (church), indeed, Psychic? For, in accordance with the person of Peter, it is to spiritual men that this power will correspondently appertain, either to an apostle or else to a prophet."
1544:
authority over all Christians. Many Protestants are quite willing to grant the pope a position of special moral leadership, feel that according to the pope any more formal authority than that would conflict with the Protestant principle of
1040:(440-461), with the aid of Roman law, solidified this doctrine by making the bishop of Rome the legal heir of Peter. Leo argued that the apostle Peter continued to speak to the Christian community through his successors as bishop of Rome.
1036:) asserts that every bishop of Rome, as Peter’s successor, possesses the full authority granted to this position and that this power is inviolable on the grounds that it was established by God himself and so not bound to any individual.
919:
proclaimed the Roman bishop as "Rector of the whole Church". The Emperor Justinian, who was living in the East in Constantinople, in the 6th century published a similar decree. These proclamations did not create the office of the pope.
594:
united with the pope. The power that it attributes to the pope's primatial authority has limitations that are official, legal, dogmatic, and practical, and "it is an error to think that every word uttered by the Pope is infallible".
3510:"How the Church? Why, to her it was said, "To thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven, and whatsoever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven."
3375:"How the Church? Why, to her it was said, "To thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven, and whatsoever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven."
805:
imply that Peter was the virtual founder of the Church of Rome, though not its founder in the sense of initiating a Christian community there. They also speak of Peter as the one who initiated its episcopal succession, but speak of
607:
The Roman Catholic Church accepts that "the New Testament texts offer no sufficient basis for papal primacy" and that they contain "no explicit record of a transmission of Peter's leadership".. It considers that its doctrine has a
3067:
North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation, "A Common Response to the Joint International Commission for the Theological Dialogue Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church Regarding the Ravenna
1408:, John Paul II asked the ‘pastors and theologians’ of ‘our Churches’ – i.e., the RC and the Orthodox Church – to come up with suggestions about how the primacy could be exercised in ways that would unite rather than divide.
889:
gave approval to a church arrangement whereby the bishops of an imperial province were headed by the bishop (known as the "metropolitan") of the principal city. This added to the power of the bishops of important cities.
990:(418-422) stated that the church of Rome stood to the churches throughout the world "as the head to the members", a statement that seems to have been already made by Pope Siricius and was repeated by the delegates of
6212:
958:
himself. Thomas Shahan says that, according to Photius too, Pope Damasus approved the council, but he adds that, if any part of the council were approved by this pope, it could have been only its revision of the
767:" (the see of the Apostle Peter). To uphold its primacy, the prestige of the city itself was no longer sufficient, but in the doctrine of apostolic succession (from Peter) the popes had an unassailable position.
368:"Ignatius, who is also called Theophorus, to Polycarp, Bishop of the Church of the Smyrnæans, or rather, who has, as his own bishop, God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ: abundance of happiness"</ref>
660:
In the history of the East and of the West, at least until the ninth century, a series of prerogatives was recognised, always in the context of conciliarity, according to the conditions of the times, for the
2889:
Michele Giuseppe D'Agostino, Il Primato della Sede di Roma in Leone IX (1049-1054). Studio dei testi latini nella controversia greco-romana nel periodo pregregoriano, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo
1181:
repudiated the union, and Bekkos was forced to abdicate, being eventually exiled and imprisoned until his death in 1297. He is to this day reviled by many in the Eastern Church as a traitor to Orthodoxy.
1420:, a joint commission of Orthodox and Catholic theologians, agreed that the pope has primacy among all bishops of the Church, something which has been universally acknowledged by both churches since the
910:
The power of the Bishop of Rome increased as the power of the Emperors gradually diminshed and the imperial authorities tried to bolster their waning power with religious support. Edicts of the Emperor
1892:
1903:
Disagreements with directives of the popes by groups and high-ranking individuals of Roman Catholic tradition are by no means limited to past centuries. A well-known continuing example is that of the
590:
attributes to the primacy in question as involving "full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered", a power that it attributes also to
2867:
J. Hortal Sanchez, De initio potestatis primatialis Romani Pontificis. Investigatio historico-juridica a tempore Sancti Gregori Magni usque ad tempus Clementis V, Analecta Gregoriana, Roma 1965.
15:
1738:- wrote an appeal for help to three western churchmen. While one of these was the bishop of Rome, had Rome exercised primacy at that time, he would not have written to the other two bishops.
898:
The bishops of Rome sent letters which, though largely ineffectual, provided historical precedents which were subsequently used by supporters of papal primacy. These letters were known as ‘
6205:
357:
Thus when he writes to ] the bishop of ] he states that God is Polycarp’s bishop, implying that there is no intermediary between the local bishop and God.<ref>''Epistle to Polycarp''.
1976:
leader of the entire church. All bishops are equal 'as Peter' therefore every church under every bishop (consecrated in apostolic succession) is fully complete (the original meaning of
4852:
4689:
1169:
in St John's Church, where both sides took part. The council declared that the Roman church possessed “the supreme and full primacy and authority over the universal Catholic Church.”
1887:
Decisions taken by popes in cases involving against bishops have often been confirmed by ecumenical councils. This indicates that the papal decision itself is not considered binding.
6198:
809:
as the first "bishop", while it is commonly held today that the Christians in Rome did not act a single united community under a single leader until some time in the 2nd century.
9210:
966:
documented use of the description of Saint Peter as first bishop of Rome, rather than as the apostle who commissioned its first bishop, dates from 354, and the phrase "the
1932:
1584:
1448:(first) among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the bishop of Rome as
3078:
10882:
9099:
7360:
4444:
2256:"It is not a greater difficulty that St. Ignatius did not write to the Asian Greeks about Popes, than that St. Paul did not write to the Corinthians about Bishops" (
2330:
2210:
462:
the''region of the Romans,'' that is, those in Italy.<ref>Srawley, J. H., (1919), ''The Epistles of St Ignatius'' (The Macmillan Company; NY), p70</ref>
8196:
5859:
2008:
examination of those supposed supports would have the effect of either not supporting the argument or have the opposite effect of supporting the counter-argument.
1567:
is the "rock", it does not support exclusive authority and Peter himself believed Jesus to be the cornerstone of the church (1 Peter 2:7). It is noted that at the
1669:
Each bishop has the right to decide affairs within his local church. In the event of a dispute with another bishop, only a general council may rule on the matter.
2877:
695:
4081:
9471:
9406:
9401:
4474:
1819:
for gentiles.) Catholic historians note that when Peter spoke, all were silent. However Whelton notes that when Paul and James spoke, all were silent as well.
1075:
576:, differences in interpretation of this doctrine have been and remain the primary causes of schism between the Western and Eastern Orthodox churches. In the
3653:
7395:
5779:
3143:
2985:
2576:
1079:
1020:
As early as the 2nd century, the bishop of Rome began to claim his supremacy over all other bishops, and some church fathers also made this claim for him.
2257:
6714:
4877:
2124:
204:
136:
2170:
8750:
8230:
2504:
763:(366-384) was the first pope to claim that the primacy of the Church of Rome rested on Peter alone, and the first to refer to the Roman church as "the
2443:
9125:
6655:
6225:
5344:
902:’ from at least the time of Siricius (384-399) to Leo I provided general guidelines to follow which later would become incorporated into canon law.
685:
among the patriarchs. This distinction of levels does not diminish the sacramental equality of every bishop or the catholicity of each local Church.
9200:
4130:
1361:
1083:
1837:
There existed a difference in how some local churches celebrated Easter: in the Roman province of Asia it was celebrated on the 14th of the moon (
5665:
1331:
in the sacrament of orders are not "Churches" in the proper sense. The Eastern Christian Church that are not in communion with Rome, such as the
3697:
Carlton, C., (1999), "The Truth: What Every Roman Catholic Should know about the Orthodox Church", (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p22.
2090:
The Petrine ministry: Catholics and Orthodox in dialogue : academic symposium held at the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
1804:
2561:
2276:
9489:
8510:
8237:
7863:
6986:
6057:
5844:
4847:
4184:
982:(384-399) began the custom of issuing papal decretals to which was attributed the same authority as that of decisions by synods of bishops.
8189:
6269:
4727:
3540:
Saviour, did not claim pre-eminence because the Saviour had especially honored them, but chose James the Righteous as Bishop of Jerusalem.
389:(1866).''The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches'', (Minos Publishing Co; NY), p165.</ref>
10877:
9542:
8783:
8276:
5396:
5139:
4677:
3746:(Political Theory, Theology, and Ecclesiastical Relations with the See of Rome, Ashgate Publications, Variorum Collected Studies Series).
2922:
2546:
1604:
the keys were given not only to Peter but to all the Apostles equally. Such an interpretation, it is claimed, has been accepted by many
1256:, deciding that the “infallibility” of the Christian community extended to the pope himself, at least when speaking on matters of faith.
244:(2005) ''Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers'', (Orthodox Research Institute), p14.</ref>
236:(2005) ''Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers'', (Orthodox Research Institute), p14.</ref>
3964:
Ray, S. K., (1999) Upon this rock: St. Peter and the primacy of Rome in scripture and the early church, (Ignatius Press; San Francisco).
2385:
681:
of each of the five patriarchates, with regard to the metropolitans of each circumscription; and universally, for the bishop of Rome as
9464:
9165:
8464:
7819:
6052:
5081:
4984:
3514:. Homily X.10 cited in Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p28
3379:. Homily X.10 cited in Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p28
2519:
1320:
1158:, Gregory X had sent an embassy to Michael VIII Palaeologus, who had reconquered Constantinople, putting an end to the remnants of the
1194:
began preaching against several practices in the Catholic Church, including some itinerant friars' abuses involving indulgences. When
7370:
6300:
6017:
5879:
4797:
2135:
8918:
7322:
7274:
4392:
2302:
8182:
5964:
5058:
148:
93:
8612:
8554:
7252:
7242:
7006:
4292:
4287:
2475:
1735:
1645:
or primacy attaches to Paul, then it is not from his co-foundation of the church of Rome that the Roman Pontiff claims primacy.
31:
28:
2284:
1213:
also broke away from the Catholic Church at this time, although for reasons different than Martin Luther and the Protestants.
72:
9457:
7831:
6310:
6305:
5996:
5944:
4576:
4017:
3205:
2845:
2729:
2241:
2098:
1390:, to the Vatican, Runcie appealed to Anglicans to consider accepting papal primacy in a reunified church. At the same time,
970:", which refers to the same apostle, began to be used exclusively of the see of Rome, a usage found also in the Acts of the
8422:
8318:
7956:
6457:
5934:
5670:
4188:
4123:
2999:
1825:
said that it was James who stated the decision of the Council, not Peter. John Chrysostom noted James made the decision.
178:
118:
2681:
atmosphere. Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church.
9284:
9182:
9069:
7994:
6254:
5974:
5804:
4712:
4459:
1174:
171:
111:
9322:
8624:
8375:
6274:
5633:
5130:
4739:
4464:
8454:
7880:
6979:
6241:
6221:
5616:
5218:
4865:
4699:
4150:
3998:
3155:
Joint Coordinating Committee for the Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church,
1518:
551:
10502:
9225:
8705:
8595:
8124:
6259:
6130:
5678:
5431:
5376:
5241:
4976:
4972:
4717:
4502:
4449:
3400:
Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.59.
10527:
9790:
9508:
8720:
8644:
8264:
8242:
7391:
7289:
7257:
6462:
6279:
6139:
5481:
5456:
5421:
5416:
5381:
5261:
4860:
4744:
4334:
4297:
4180:
4160:
4116:
3523:
Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.36
1421:
1284:(1962–1965) the debate on papal primacy and authority re-emerged, and in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church
942:
518:
160:
144:
100:
89:
4082:
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "The Primacy of the Successor of Peter in the Mystery of the Church"
2876:
Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, ed. G. D. Mansi, Firenze-Venezia 1759-1789, XIX, 738;
1424:
in 381 (when they were still one Church) though disagreements about the extent of his authority still continue.
10872:
10867:
10452:
9503:
8959:
8578:
8225:
8217:
8205:
8083:
7332:
7247:
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6077:
5789:
5476:
5446:
5426:
5366:
5156:
4872:
4410:
4402:
4314:
4175:
4155:
1500:
1496:
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731:
In later times, theories of various kinds were advanced, most notably that of an analogy with the position of
10472:
10152:
9549:
9254:
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8808:
8417:
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7212:
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4536:
4233:
2196:
1878:
1198:
refused to support Luther’s position, Luther claimed belief in an "invisible church" and called the pope the
10568:
2743:
The claims of Constantinople compelled Rome to move further along the road to a fully efficacious primacy...
9527:
9294:
8813:
8803:
8259:
7895:
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5471:
5461:
5039:
5020:
4882:
4633:
4546:
3133:
First of all, a balanced position concerning the question about the primacy in the church must be accepted.
1999:
Any changes to the understanding of the church would reflect a change in the understanding of the Trinity.
6190:
4063:
Popes and Patriarchs: An Orthodox Perspective on Roman Catholic Claims, (Concillar Press; Ben Lomond, CA).
10427:
9259:
8629:
8402:
7966:
7747:
7609:
6327:
6042:
4792:
4660:
4529:
1340:
882:
631:
Writers such as Nicholas Afanassieff and Alexander Schmemann have declared that the phrase "presiding in
580:, some understand the primacy of the Bishop of Rome to be merely one of greater honour, treating him as "
3066:
3043:
10578:
10517:
9480:
9268:
8293:
8076:
8038:
7525:
6598:
5959:
5757:
5411:
5063:
5029:
4988:
1870:
1112:
The dispute about the authority of Roman bishops reached a climax in the year 1054, when the legate of
10341:
10321:
3932:
Crisis in Byzantium: The Filioque Controversy and the Patriarchate of Gregory II of Cyprus (1283-1289)
3664:
3576:"But observe how Peter does everything with the common consent; nothing imperiously." John Chrysostom
3100:
9327:
9029:
8340:
8119:
8109:
8071:
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6149:
6095:
5766:
5716:
5406:
5361:
4469:
1756:
1752:
1601:
1594:
1593:("first among equals") . Many theologians also believe that Peter is the 'rock' referred to by Jesus
1323:
reiterated that, in the view of the Roman Catholic Church, the Christian communities born out of the
1178:
975:
1755:. However other texts may be interpreted to imply that the other Apostles also received the keys in
928:
701:
early period the Church of Rome was looked to as the centre of reference for the whole Church. Thus
10492:
9685:
9577:
9520:
9160:
8735:
8252:
8099:
8004:
7999:
7814:
7779:
7705:
7661:
7656:
7453:
7279:
7124:
7021:
7016:
6883:
6179:
6115:
6037:
6008:
5628:
5623:
5501:
5401:
5386:
5371:
5213:
5034:
4924:
4842:
4666:
4643:
4594:
4267:
3768:
Church unity and the papal office: an ecumenical dialogue on John Paul II's Encyclical Ut Unum Sint
2937:
1143:
949:, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is
641:
821:
was the first to make appeal to the primacy of Peter as a basis for the Bishop of Rome's primacy.
10603:
10547:
10467:
9863:
8778:
8634:
8361:
7784:
7518:
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7312:
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7119:
7036:
7011:
6643:
6100:
5732:
5693:
5660:
5106:
5086:
4954:
4832:
4782:
4561:
4362:
4302:
2042:
1853:
1489:
1332:
886:
609:
577:
167:
107:
3796:
After Nine Hundred Years – The Background of the Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches
2758:
1907:, which acknowledges the primacy of the pope but refuses to accept papal decrees concerning the
10688:
10653:
10487:
10106:
9607:
9249:
9135:
8848:
8104:
7695:
7553:
7495:
7386:
7365:
7130:
6955:
6671:
6169:
6110:
6105:
5739:
5545:
5466:
5391:
5271:
4949:
4837:
4777:
4454:
4342:
4103:
3621:
2037:
1968:
of the church. It is not defined by adherence to any particular See. It is the position of the
1916:
1912:
1794:
1369:
1324:
1281:
1206:
1139:
799:
522:
10522:
10482:
10442:
3939:
The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy', (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).
3817:
Papalism: A Treatise on the Claims on the Papacy as set forth in the Encyclical Satis cognitum
3154:
3132:
2719:
2088:
10613:
10532:
10401:
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9823:
9666:
9515:
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9130:
8843:
8700:
8607:
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8163:
7762:
7488:
7297:
7200:
7155:
7084:
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5701:
5126:
4907:
4772:
4618:
4324:
4262:
4221:
4206:
4095:
3030:
2835:
2602:
2017:
1904:
1222:
870:
66:
10658:
9195:
1959:
978:("You are Peter and on this rock I will build my church") is used to support Roman primacy.
10789:
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1949:
was achieved which lasted, albeit with crises, down to the middle of the eleventh century."
1822:
1788:
1568:
1548:, i.e., that there can be no intermediaries between a Christian and God except for Christ.
1328:
1121:
1117:
995:
971:
853:
10774:
10306:
3606:
2625:
1923:
Professor John J. Paris disregarded a papal directive on euthanasia as lacking authority.
533:
8:
10764:
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2027:
1699:
1679:
1386:
At a joint service during the first official visit of the then Archbishop of Canterbury,
1344:
1253:
1234:
756:
702:
636:
10809:
10266:
1209:, during which numerous Protestant sects broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. The
10839:
10779:
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10331:
10301:
10216:
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10080:
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9873:
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9813:
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3654:
A Statement of Reservations Concerning the Impending Beatification of Pope John Paul II
2400:
1991:
The church is in the image of the Trinity and reflects the reality of the incarnation.
1866:
1768:
1613:
1336:
1165:
On 29 June (Feast of Peter & Paul patronal feast of popes), Gregory X celebrated a
591:
582:
568:
is an ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the
10573:
10231:
10132:
9004:
3262:"Peter's Primacy in the New Testament and the Early Tradition" in The Primacy of Peter
2534:
1799:
1659:
10769:
10754:
10643:
10507:
10447:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10292:
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7190:
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7109:
6931:
6047:
5283:
4608:
4488:
4255:
4211:
4013:
3994:
3201:
3157:
The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First Millennium
2841:
2725:
2094:
1391:
625:
10588:
10497:
10326:
10316:
3409:
3274:
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1048:
The historical and juridical development of the "primacy of the Roman Pontiff" from
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10351:
10276:
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8395:
8308:
7809:
7651:
7626:
7205:
7165:
6926:
6909:
6894:
6751:
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6467:
6229:
5909:
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5493:
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5233:
5196:
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4226:
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3316:
3198:
Upon This Rock: St. Peter and the Primacy of Rome in Scripture and the Early Church
2987:
Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the Church
2022:
1920:
1874:
1838:
1812:
1638:
1317:
Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the Church
1245:, i.e., supreme, full, immediate, and universal ordinary jurisdiction of the pope.
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841:
833:
16:
10794:
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5186:
5116:
4648:
4589:
4139:
3737:
The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches
3688:
Epistle to the Smyrnaeans - Chapter VIII.-Let Nothing Be Done Without the Bishop.
3486:
The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches
3351:
The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches
2706:
2665:
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1969:
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1731:
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1242:
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314:
Ignatius sets out what he believes consists of the church in an epistle to the ];
10236:
1877:, then such power would have been exercised to resolve the many disputes in the
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10633:
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10251:
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4250:
3121:
1760:
1717:
1706:
1672:
1605:
1572:
1559:
1545:
1226:
1205:
Luther’s rejection of the primacy of the Roman Pontiff led to the start of the
1155:
1053:
1049:
954:
946:
878:
866:
818:
760:
752:
748:
569:
10718:
8588:
3222:
The Gospel According to Rome: Comparing Catholic Tradition and the Word of God
2491:
2411:
Fr. Nicholas Afanassieff: "The Primacy of Peter" Ch. 4, pgs. 126-127 (c. 1992)
1727:
have regarded popes as the leader of the westerners (not of the whole church).
10856:
10814:
10784:
10713:
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5914:
5799:
5721:
5706:
5555:
5516:
5322:
5206:
5003:
4672:
4387:
3845:
Papal Primacy and the Universal Church: Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue V
3789:
Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers
3595:
Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers
3144:
Catholics and Orthodox Discuss the Role of the Pope of Rome in Vienna Meeting
2692:
2281:(Cambridge University Press 2010 reprint ISBN 978-1-108-02146-3), pp. 101-102
1692:
1387:
1291:
1286:
1191:
1033:
979:
967:
912:
764:
673:
of his diocese with regard to his presbyters and people; regionally, for the
669:
at each of the established ecclesiastical levels: locally, for the bishop as
2816:
47:
10799:
10738:
10648:
10457:
10117:
9921:
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5580:
5356:
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4556:
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4541:
4352:
4279:
1816:
1724:
1405:
1230:
1159:
959:
677:
of each metropolis with regard to the bishops of his province, and for the
10723:
10512:
3782:
The Truth: What Every Roman Catholic Should Know about the Orthodox Church
2938:"Stress on papal primacy led to exaggerated clout for a pope among equals"
1411:
1381:
10733:
10703:
10668:
10663:
10638:
10623:
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10191:
10186:
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10055:
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5834:
5829:
5824:
5809:
5111:
5046:
4902:
4827:
4805:
4653:
4415:
4377:
3952:
Epochs of the Papacy, from Its Rise to the Death of Pope Pius IX. in 1878
1938:
1248:
The most substantial body of defined doctrine on the subject is found in
1238:
1113:
1095:
837:
732:
3983:
Dancing Alone: The Quest for Orthodox Faith in the Age of False Religion
3831:
The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787) Their History and Theology
1808:
10819:
10196:
10112:
9780:
9640:
8974:
8559:
7902:
7641:
7438:
7094:
7026:
6704:
6576:
6554:
6549:
6354:
5819:
5814:
5638:
5565:
5181:
5101:
4732:
2912:
Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994.
2461:
The Life of St Paul" (Paulist Press 2008 ISBN 978-0-8091-0519-9), p. 88
2448:(Oxford University Press 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0), art. "Peter (1)"
2307:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), pp. 163-164
2067:
of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church."
1764:
1713:), but a previous pope condemned the use of such a title by any bishop.
1678:
Cases which had been decided by Rome were appealed to bishops in other
1609:
1503: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1343:, are Churches in the proper sense and sister Churches of the Catholic
1199:
1195:
1037:
991:
849:
845:
806:
719:
3859:
How the Pope Became Infallible: Pius IX and the Politics of Persuasion
10355:
10041:
9635:
8059:
7907:
7742:
7732:
7725:
7683:
7678:
7473:
7433:
6731:
5924:
5919:
5889:
5585:
5348:
5332:
5317:
5161:
5051:
4929:
4919:
4787:
4566:
1776:
1621:
1540:
828:
1898:
1759:. Such an interpretation, it is claimed, has been accepted by many
1478:
932:
Early manuscript illustration of the First Council of Constantinople
529:
10834:
10255:
9833:
9785:
9690:
9680:
9650:
9630:
9594:
9433:
8788:
8542:
8530:
7448:
7317:
6950:
6517:
6452:
6435:
6421:
6332:
6164:
6072:
5899:
4998:
4367:
2779:(Glazier, Michael Incorporated 1997 ISBN 978-0-8146-5857-4), p. 113
1648:
As many Sees are of Peter, Peter serves as an archetype of Apostle.
1355:
1221:
The doctrine of papal primacy was further developed in 1870 at the
1190:
The primacy of the Roman Pontiff was again challenged in 1517 when
1087:
950:
938:
899:
573:
4108:
2140:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), p. 165
1695:. There is no difference between the Sees of Peter; all are equal.
923:
10287:
10176:
10026:
9765:
9740:
9655:
9583:
9537:
9045:
8659:
8281:
8148:
7757:
7737:
7594:
7483:
6588:
6544:
6472:
6415:
5869:
4707:
4581:
4524:
3901:
The Primacy of Peter: essays in ecclesiology and the early church
2390:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), p. 98
1908:
1631:
1146:
to reunite the Eastern church with the West. Wishing to end the
613:
1807:, which according to some interpretations was prescribed by the
1637:
The church at Rome was founded (or organised) by both Peter and
1272:
dogged in defending but which only encountered one externally,"
9868:
9750:
9645:
9211:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
8654:
8564:
8469:
6964:
6610:
6593:
6502:
6427:
6379:
6022:
5327:
5312:
5256:
5223:
4088:
3752:– Description of the Synod of Sutri - in Miller, M. C., (2005)
1091:
617:
2600:
2581:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1997 ISBN 978-0-88141-007-5), 39
2480:(Rowland & Littlefield 2009 ISBN 978-1-58051-227-5), p. 11
1926:
1651:
Rome had primacy, but it was one of honour, rather than power.
1310:
844:
had been the founders of the Church in Rome and had appointed
7690:
7150:
7089:
7046:
6397:
6385:
6120:
5288:
5252:
2759:
Extracts from the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon. Session I
2566:(Taylor & Francis 2000 ISBN 978-0-415-92975-2), pp. 27-30
1884:
A general council may overrule decisions of the Roman Pontiff
1685:
1142:, which was convoked to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor
873:
enriched the Church of Rome with large buildings such as the
3894:
Imperial Unity and Christian Divisions: The Church AD450-680
3852:
Persons in Communion – A Theology of Authentic Relationships
2522:
The Divine Right of the Papacy in Recent Ecumenical Theology
2492:"Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America : Papal Primacy"
1933:
Eastern Orthodox opposition to the doctrine of Papal Primacy
1859:
1585:
Eastern Orthodox opposition to the doctrine of Papal Primacy
1011:
9838:
6403:
5293:
5012:
3873:
The church triumphant: a history of Christianity up to 1300
3665:
Patrick J. Reilly, "Teaching Euthanasia" (Catholic Culture)
2175:(Liturgical Press 2000 ISBN 978-0-8146-5931-1), pp. 486-488
1589:
The Orthodox church considers the Bishop of Rome to be the
1166:
1151:
10863:
Knowledge neutral point of view disputes from October 2011
3754:
Power and the Holy in the Age of the Investiture Conflict,
2653:(T & T Clark 1992 ISBN 978-1-58617-282-4), pp. 202-203
2287:
Papacy and Development: Newman and the Primacy of the Pope
2266:(Taylor and Francis 2002 ISBN 978-0-415-94229-4), p. 198).
2002:
1702:
were equal; nothing was withheld from any of the Apostles.
1237:(the ability of the pope to define dogmas free from error
9100:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1958:
The test of catholicity is adherence to the authority of
1751:. In the New Testament, he is first to be given the keys
1394:
stressed that his office must be more than a figurehead.
3101:"Ecumenical talks reach partial accord on papal primacy"
1953:
1444:(order) and that the bishop of Rome was, therefore, the
1056:(1305–1314) was a dogmatic evolution in fidelity of the
3549:. Salisbury, MA: Regina Orthodox Press. pp. 38–39.
3000:"Philorthodox: Anglican Cathlolicism and Papal Primacy"
2717:
2246:(Liturgical Press 1996 ISBN 978-0-8146-5522-1), pp. 1-3
1418:
Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue
1412:
Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue
1382:
Joint worship service with the Archbishop of Canterbury
696:
Historical development of the doctrine of Papal Primacy
4049:
Hymn of Entry: Liturgy and Life in the Orthodox Church
3580:
Homily III on Acts 1:12 quoted in Whelton, M., (1998)
3499:
A Treatise Concerning the Correction of the Donatists.
3364:
A Treatise Concerning the Correction of the Donatists.
2509:(Eerdmans 2005 ISBN 978-0-8028-2416-5), vol. 4, p. 273
2505:
Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors),
1684:
Cases which had been decided by Rome were appealed to
953:." It has been asserted by many that a synod held by
572:
from other bishops and their sees. Together with the
199:
Move Ignatius to Catholicity argument in other article
54:
9131:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
4051:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY), pp52–3
3710:, (St Vladimirs Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY), p.176
3122:
Orthodox-Catholic Commission Studies Primacy of Peter
1705:
The Roman Pontiff is also styled "universal bishop" (
2901:
Through The Ages: A History Of The Christian Church.
2693:
Thomas Shahan, "First Council of Constantinople" in
1747:
Orthodox Christians accept that Peter had a certain
3866:
Byzantium: The surprising life of a Medieval Empire
3810:
History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century
3471:
Book I. Chapter 18.17 The Keys Given to the Church.
3336:
Book I. Chapter 18.17 The Keys Given to the Church.
2604:
History of the Reformation in the sixteenth century
941:". This was promulgated by the third canon of the
906:
Bishop of Rome becomes "Rector of the whole Church"
656:among the patriarchs". The same agreement stated:
8204:
3770:, (Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Co; Grand Rapids, MI).
2833:
2711:
2551:(Mohr, J.C.B. 1994 ISBN 978-3-16-146239-9), p. 180
1742:
1575:who states the decision of the council (Acts 15).
829:Role of Paul in the founding of the Church of Rome
3721:Church, Papacy and Schism: A Theological Enquiry.
2594:
2279:An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine
2260:An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine
1899:Other disregard of papal directives by Westerners
747:The first bishop to claim primacy in writing was
635:", used of the Church of Rome in the letter that
10854:
9479:
9201:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
4028:Church, Papacy and Schism: A Theological Enquiry
3934:, (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).
3415:, (The Banner of Truth Trust; Edinburgh), pp43ff
3280:, (The Banner of Truth Trust; Edinburgh), pp43ff
3264:. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 47–48.
1362:Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission
1356:Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission
652:, and that the bishop of Rome was therefore the
612:and that its teaching about matters such as the
4069:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition
4007:
3971:(Orthodox Research Institute; Rollinsford, NH).
3889:, (St Vladimirs Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).
3775:The Faith: Understanding Orthodox Christianity,
3644:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MD), p.46.
3642:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition
3582:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition
3567:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.38.
3547:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition
3497:"...the keys that were given to the Church..."
3362:"...the keys that were given to the Church..."
2346:Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority
2332:Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority
2125:Ratzinger’s Ecumenism between light and shadows
924:First Council of Constantinople and its context
793:
3903:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).
3896:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).
3584:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.33
3565:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy -Collegial Tradition
3535:The History of the Church – Book II Chapter I
3259:
3012:ARCIC, Authority in the Church, 1, para. 3.12.
2753:
2751:
2244:Papal Primacy: From Its Origins to the Present
1983:Referring to Ignatius of Antioch Carlton says
1797:) the convening of a council to decide whether
1632:Opposition arguments from early church history
1043:
602:
9465:
8190:
7864:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
7563:
6980:
6206:
4124:
3847:(Augsburg Publishing House; Minneapolis, MN).
3812:, Book 1, (Robert Carter & Brothers; NY).
3723:(Denise Harvey Publisher; Limni, Greece), p15
2906:
2819:Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Smyrnaeans
2718:Aidan Nichols; Op Nichols (1 February 2010).
1873:. Had the teaching of primacy formed part of
1468:
974:. From the time of Pope Damasus, the text of
648:, Prologue), occupied the first place in the
2298:
2296:
2264:John Henry Newman, Selected Writings to 1845
2221:Authority in the Church II, ARCIC, para 2, 6
2171:Patrick Granfield, Peter C. Phan (editors),
1350:
4030:. (Denise Harvey Publisher; Limni, Greece).
3947:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press; Brookline, MA).
3910:, (American Unitarian Association; Boston).
3887:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
3708:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church
2827:
2748:
2657:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
1927:Opposition arguments from orthodox doctrine
1782:
1311:Relation with other Christian denominations
1116:excommunicated Patriarch of Constantinople
869:granted Christianity legal status, Emperor
860:
9472:
9458:
9216:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
9166:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
8197:
8183:
6987:
6973:
6213:
6199:
6053:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
4131:
4117:
4086:
3985:(Holy Cross Orthodox Press; Brookline, MA)
3969:An Outline of Orthodox Patristic Dogmatics
3880:Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom
3843:Empie, P. C., & Murphy, T. A., (1974)
3761:Cyprian – His Life – Hist Times – His Work
3563:, Homily 33 quoted in Whelton, M., (1998)
3079:Ravenna Document (in the original English)
2459:Lawrence Boadt, Linda Schapper (editors),
1852:The matter was eventually resolved at the
1675:do not refer to another tier above bishop.
1321:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1078:about the primacy of the Roman Pontiff as
1069:
532:. Please do not remove this message until
6301:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts
4071:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA).
4058:, (The Banner of Truth Trust; Edinburgh).
3784:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA).
3512:Ten Homilies on the First Epistle of John
3377:Ten Homilies on the First Epistle of John
2293:
2080:
1893:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical )
1869:was called by a pope; all were called by
1860:Opposition arguments from Church Councils
1519:Learn how and when to remove this message
1275:
1133:
1012:Relationship with bishops of other cities
770:
689:
552:Learn how and when to remove this message
4056:The Church of Rome at the Bar of History
3959:The Primitive Saints and the See of Rome
3945:Spiritual Dimensions of the Holy Canons,
3777:(Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA).
3484:. Tractate CXXIV.7 Abbé Guettée (1866).
3413:The Church of Rome at the Bar of History
3349:. Tractate CXXIV.7 Abbé Guettée (1866).
3278:The Church of Rome at the Bar of History
3240:
2837:The church: the evolution of Catholicism
2633:
1911:, decrees that were opposed also by two
1216:
927:
599:scriptural and theological foundations.
528:Relevant discussion may be found on the
194:
3925:Dialogue on the Life of John Chrysostom
3875:, (Mercer University Press; Macon, GA).
3544:
2935:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2663:
2471:
2469:
2379:
2048:
2003:Orthodox rebuttal of Catholic arguments
1972:that it has never accepted the pope as
1803:who converted should be required to be
10855:
10473:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
6682:
4512:
4104:Rise of the Papacy - ReligionFacts.com
3988:
3908:Disquisitions and notes on the Gospels
3854:, (InterOrthodox Press; Berkeley, CA).
2670:. Fordham University Press. p. 47
2439:
2437:
2435:
2348:(Ravenna, 13 October 2007), section 44
2289:(Brill 1976 ISBN 90-04-04466-3), p. 72
2086:
1688:of bishops in other metropolitan areas
1539:are perhaps the greatest obstacles to
9453:
8178:
6968:
6311:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
6306:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great
6194:
4112:
3597:, (Orthodox Research Institute), p14.
2834:Richard P. McBrien (25 August 2008).
2707:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 884
2629:, Christian Classics Ethereal Library
2161:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 883
2151:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 882
1954:Orthodox understanding of Catholicity
1832:
1711:Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis
1128:
1074:The 3 October 1054 the Council has a
742:
6458:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament
4099:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4042:Saint Chrysostom: His Life and Times
3578:Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles
3561:Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles
3532:
2763:
2466:
1501:adding citations to reliable sources
1472:
945:(381) which decreed: "The Bishop of
502:
80:
46:
9070:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
4138:
2601:Jean Henri Merle d'Aubigné (1846).
2524:(Gregorian University 1980), p. 203
2432:
2357:
1535:The doctrines of papal primacy and
1436:themselves in the canonical order (
1101:
499:Revision as of 20:35, 3 August 2012
203:
190:
159:
145:Revision as of 20:35, 3 August 2012
142:
135:
130:
99:
90:Revision as of 20:30, 3 August 2012
87:
13:
10878:Christianity-related controversies
8625:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
4047:Vasileios of Stavronikita (1998),
4008:Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard (1992).
3224:, Harvest House Publishers, p. 240
2579:The Church of the Ancient Councils
1720:(New Rome) were on the same level.
1551:
1368:Unlike many other Churches of the
857:succession of Bishops originated.
501:
35:
10894:
4087:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4075:
3961:, (Longmans, Green & Co; NY).
3840:, (Fordham University Press, NY).
3798:, (Fordham University Press, NY).
3679:(Mystic: Twenty–Third), pp. 26–27
2936:Collins, Paul (24 October 1997).
2923:"Vatican I And The Papal Primacy"
2199:Open Letter to Confused Catholics
1937:Catholic Cardinal and theologian
784:
10833:
9432:
9420:
8751:Fourth Council of Constantinople
8706:Second Council of Constantinople
8159:
8158:
8147:
7275:State church of the Roman Empire
6994:
6949:
6175:
6174:
6163:
6131:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
5679:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3791:, (Orthodox Research Institute).
3744:Aspects of the Mind of Byzantium
3739:(Minos Publishing Co; New York).
3713:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3669:
3658:
3647:
3627:
3615:
3600:
3587:
3570:
3553:
3526:
3517:
3250:(Oxford: Penguin, 1993), 214–17.
3235:The Expositor’s Bible Commentary
2507:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
2376:(New York: HarperOne, 2008), 63.
2231:Catechism of the Catholic Church
1856:in line with Sunday observance.
1578:
1477:
507:
9791:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
8721:Third Council of Constantinople
8645:First Council of Constantinople
7258:First seven ecumenical councils
4298:First seven ecumenical councils
3978:, (Cambridge University Press).
3915:A History of Christian Missions
3868:, (Princeton University Press).
3838:Byzantium and the Roman Primacy
3504:
3491:
3488:, (Minos Publishing; NY), p.175
3474:
3461:
3456:Homilies on the Gospel of John.
3444:
3431:
3418:
3403:
3394:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3353:, (Minos Publishing; NY), p.175
3339:
3326:
3321:Homilies on the Gospel of John.
3309:
3296:
3283:
3268:
3253:
3227:
3214:
3195:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3148:
3137:
3126:
3115:
3093:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3050:
3015:
3006:
2992:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2929:
2915:
2893:
2883:
2870:
2861:
2809:
2796:
2783:
2724:. Ignatius Press. p. 203.
2700:
2686:
2667:Byzantium and the Roman primacy
2619:
2585:
2570:
2555:
2540:
2528:
2513:
2498:
2484:
2452:
2446:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
2423:
2414:
2405:
2394:
2366:
2351:
2339:
2324:
2311:
2270:
2250:
2235:
2224:
2215:
2060:
1488:needs additional citations for
1422:First Council of Constantinople
1397:
1305:
943:First Council of Constantinople
9504:History of the Catholic Church
8960:Dissolution of the monasteries
8226:History of the Catholic Church
8125:Relations with other religions
7531:Church of the East (Nestorian)
7526:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
4873:Separation of church and state
3833:(Liturgical Press, Minnesota).
3640:quoted in Whelton, M., (1998)
3200:. Ignatius Press. p. 11.
2360:Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma
2204:
2190:
2179:
2164:
2155:
2144:
2129:
2118:
2093:. Paulist Press. p. 188.
1919:). In 2005 the Roman Catholic
1185:
592:the entire body of the bishops
1:
10153:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
9550:History of Christian theology
8834:Fourth Council of the Lateran
8809:Second Council of the Lateran
8418:Apostles in the New Testament
4012:. Columbia University Press.
3882:, (Cornell University Press).
3826:, (Sheed & Ward; London).
3756:(Bedord/StMartins; New York).
2840:. HarperCollins. p. 99.
2721:Rome and the Eastern Churches
2651:Rome and the Eastern Churches
2627:The Seven Ecumenical Councils
2535:Ireneaus Against Heresies 3.3
2186:The Limits of the Magisterium
1432:(firsts), and also among the
775:Nicholas Afanassieff writes:
566:primacy of the Bishop of Rome
497:
457:
448:
437:
425:
416:
405:
396:
384:
375:
364:
353:
344:
332:
321:
310:
301:
290:
278:
269:
258:
249:
9481:History of Catholic theology
8948:Catholic Counter-Reformation
8814:Third Council of the Lateran
8804:First Council of the Lateran
8260:Catholic ecumenical councils
6565:Divine Worship: Daily Office
4037:(The Macmillan Company; NY).
3917:, (Penguin History; London).
3861:(Doubleday; Garden City, NY)
3808:d 'Aubigné, J. H. M, (1857)
2940:. National Catholic Reporter
2899:Thompson, Ernest T. (1965).
2444:David Hugh Farmer (editor),
2197:Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre,
2074:
2053:
1736:Archbishop of Constantinople
893:
794:Primacy of Peter the apostle
409:====Letter to the Romans====
132:make Disregard a sub-section
18:Browse history interactively
7:
7832:Views on poverty and wealth
4040:Stephens, W. R. W., (2005)
4035:The Epistles of St Ignatius
3824:Studies on the Early Papacy
3220:McCarthy, James G. (1995),
3186:Crete draft document, 20-22
2401:Ellis L. Knox, "The Papacy"
2011:
1879:early history of the church
1793:The New Testament records (
1341:Assyrian Church of the East
1044:From Gregory I to Clement V
885:, and with endowments. The
603:Development of the doctrine
534:conditions to do so are met
10:
10899:
10579:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
10569:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
9854:Transubstantiation dispute
8294:History of the Roman Curia
8077:World Evangelical Alliance
8039:Traditionalist Catholicism
6956:Catholic Church portal
6599:Divine Worship: The Missal
6170:Catholic Church portal
3954:(G. Bell and sons; London)
3850:Fitzgerald, K. K., (2006)
3763:, (Macmillan & Co; NY)
3729:
2967:cf. Catechism, nos. 894-95
2386:John Meyendorff (editor),
2334:(Ravenna, 13 October 2007)
2303:John Meyendorff (editor),
2262:, in Albert E. Radcliffe,
2136:John Meyendorff (editor),
1930:
1786:
1582:
1469:Opposition to the doctrine
1233:with the pronouncement of
1105:
797:
693:
192:
10828:
10747:
10556:
10415:
10285:
10161:
10040:
9897:
9804:
9664:
9558:
9496:
9487:
9415:
9315:
9181:
9108:
9043:
9030:European wars of religion
8927:
8862:
8764:
8686:
8577:
8500:
8360:
8349:
8341:Eastern Catholic Churches
8216:
8142:
8092:
8072:World Council of Churches
8047:
7965:
7849:
7840:
7795:
7580:
7564:
7559:Latter Day Saint movement
7544:
7504:
7404:
7385:
7331:
7288:
7233:
7139:
7118:
7077:
7045:
7002:
6946:
6875:
6789:
6742:
6665:
6654:
6629:
6493:
6446:Other liturgical services
6445:
6365:
6288:
6240:
6158:
6096:Aid to the Church in Need
6086:
5943:
5756:
5717:Vatican Television Center
5692:
5602:
5492:
5362:Eastern Catholic Churches
5343:
5232:
5125:
5072:
4997:
4968:
4893:
4818:
4753:
4698:
4617:
4487:
4401:
4333:
4278:
4197:
4174:
4146:
3950:Pennington, A. R. (1881)
3636:The History of the Church
2958:Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger
2695:The Catholic Encyclopedia
2664:Dvornik, Francis (1966).
1351:Efforts at reconciliation
1086:quod solus Romanae sedis
465:
453:
444:
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421:
412:
401:
392:
380:
371:
360:
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328:
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286:
274:
265:
262:===Ignatius of Antioch===
254:
214:
211:
141:
86:
10493:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
9686:Athanasius of Alexandria
9578:First Epistle of Clement
9161:Mary of the Divine Heart
8784:Clash against the empire
8736:Second Council of Nicaea
8630:Old St. Peter's Basilica
8100:Anti-Christian sentiment
7280:Christian biblical canon
6394:(first hour of daylight)
6038:Communion and Liberation
5502:Eastern Catholic liturgy
4667:Mystici Corporis Christi
4595:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
4033:Srawley, J. H., (1919),
3906:Morrison, J. H., (1872)
3899:Meyendorff, J., (1992),
3878:Kelly, J. N. D., (1995)
3822:Dom Chapman, J., (1923)
3787:Chrestou, P. K., (2005)
3593:Chrestou, P. K., (2005)
1854:First Ecumenical Council
1783:The Council of Jerusalem
1023:
999:strength and stability.
861:After the Edict of Milan
642:First Epistle of Clement
492:===Easter controversy===
485:===Easter controversy===
179:Extended confirmed users
119:Extended confirmed users
10604:Dietrich von Hildebrand
10468:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
10342:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
10322:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
9864:Paulinus II of Aquileia
9859:Predestination disputes
9427:Vatican City portal
8779:Investiture Controversy
8635:First Council of Nicaea
8154:Christianity portal
7313:Investiture Controversy
6644:Liturgical use of Latin
4853:Philosophy of canon law
4783:Mariology of the saints
4363:Investiture Controversy
3976:The Byzantine Theocracy
3957:Puller, F. W., (1893),
3943:Patsavos, L. J., (2003)
3892:Meyendorff, J., (1989)
3819:, (Rivingtons; London).
3805:(Mystic: Twenty–Third).
3803:Diversity and Communion
3759:Benson, E. W., (1897),
3677:Diversity and Communion
3428:. Book VII. Chapter XXI
3293:. Book VII. Chapter XXI
3260:Veselin Kesich (1992).
3177:Crete draft document, 9
3168:Crete draft document, 4
2211:Ravenna Document, 43-44
2087:Kasper, Walter (2006).
2043:Donation of Constantine
1333:Eastern Orthodox Church
1070:Council of Reims (1049)
887:First Council of Nicaea
883:Basilica of Saint Peter
852:, the beginning of the
836:(AD 189) believed that
578:Eastern Orthodox Church
85:
10840:Catholicism portal
10689:Hans Urs von Balthasar
10488:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
10428:Félicité de La Mennais
10107:The Cloud of Unknowing
9608:The Shepherd of Hermas
9439:Catholicism portal
9250:Second Vatican Council
9136:Our Lady of La Salette
8943:Protestant Reformation
8930:Protestant Reformation
8849:Second Council of Lyon
8238:Ecclesiastical history
8105:Christian universalism
7496:Western Rite Orthodoxy
7341:Protestant Reformation
6424:(Anglican Use Vespers)
6106:Catholic Charities USA
5740:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
5728:Vatican Polyglot Press
4778:Mariology of the popes
4416:Protestant Reformation
3989:Schatz, Klaus (1996).
3981:Schaeffer, F., (1994)
3974:Runciman, S., (1977),
3967:Romanides, J., (2004)
3937:Papadakis, A., (1994)
3930:Papadakis, A., (1997)
3871:Hinson, E. G., (1995)
3857:Hasler, A. B., (1981)
3829:Davis, L. D., (1990),
2591:Schimmelpfennig, p. 47
2564:Rome in Late Antiquity
2478:A History of the Popes
2429:Schimmelpfennig, p. 39
2420:Schimmelpfennig, p. 27
2173:The Gift of the Church
2038:Primacy of Simon Peter
1997:
1989:
1951:
1917:Ottaviani Intervention
1850:
1710:
1462:
1379:
1374:
1325:Protestant Reformation
1282:Second Vatican Council
1276:Second Vatican Council
1229:achieved victory over
1207:Protestant Reformation
1140:Second Council of Lyon
1134:Second Council of Lyon
1090:universalis Ecclesiae
933:
816:
800:Primacy of Simon Peter
782:
771:Rome's role as arbiter
729:
716:
690:Historical development
687:
10873:Roman Catholic Church
10868:History of the Papacy
10614:Marie-Dominique Chenu
10533:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
10518:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
10402:Clement Mary Hofbauer
10397:Johann Michael Sailer
9824:Maximus the Confessor
9516:History of the papacy
9146:First Vatican Council
8844:First Council of Lyon
8608:Constantine the Great
8304:Christian monasticism
7763:Anointing of the Sick
6495:Liturgical literature
6430:(West Syriac Vespers)
6289:Eucharistic liturgies
6270:Anointing of the Sick
5860:Good Shepherd Sisters
5702:Holy See Press Office
4940:Doctors of the Church
4773:Immaculate Conception
4728:Anointing of the Sick
4263:History of the papacy
4096:Catholic Encyclopedia
4044:, (Elibron Classics).
4026:Sherrard, P., (1978)
3766:Braaten, C. E.(2001)
3735:Abbé Guettée (1866).
3719:Sherrard, P., (1978)
3482:On the Gospel of John
3469:On Christian Doctrine
3458:Preface to Homily 1.1
3347:On the Gospel of John
3334:On Christian Doctrine
3323:Preface to Homily 1.1
3233:Carson, D. A.(1984),
2976:Lumen Gentium, no. 22
2878:Anselme de Saint-Remy
2607:. Blackie. p. 27
2018:History of the papacy
1993:
1985:
1943:
1905:Society of St. Pius X
1846:
1743:"Keys of the Kingdom"
1458:
1416:In October 2007, the
1375:
1366:
1223:First Vatican Council
1217:First Vatican Council
931:
871:Constantine the Great
848:to the office of the
811:
777:
724:
707:
658:
610:developmental history
588:Roman Catholic Church
195:→Ignatius of Antioch
10790:Raniero Cantalamessa
10760:Alice von Hildebrand
10709:Edward Schillebeeckx
10387:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
10272:Lawrence of Brindisi
10202:Francisco de Vitoria
9992:Beatrice of Nazareth
9967:Hugh of Saint Victor
9947:Bernard of Clairvaux
9927:Anselm of Canterbury
9889:John Scotus Eriugena
9884:Paschasius Radbertus
9731:Gregory of Nazianzus
9625:Epistle to Diognetus
9323:Sexual abuse scandal
9232:Mit brennender Sorge
9075:Age of Enlightenment
8854:Bernard of Clairvaux
8731:Byzantine Iconoclasm
8670:Council of Chalcedon
8450:Council of Jerusalem
8319:Role in civilization
8299:Religious institutes
8231:By country or region
8084:Nondenominationalism
7957:Role in civilization
7424:Independent Catholic
7366:Relations with Islam
7346:Catholic Reformation
6639:Ecclesiastical Latin
6560:Liturgy of the Hours
6480:Liturgy of the Hours
6350:Pontifical High Mass
5733:L'Osservatore Romano
5671:Role in civilisation
5397:Croatian and Serbian
5145:Episcopal conference
5107:St. Peter's Basilica
4465:Sexual abuse scandal
4421:Catholic Reformation
4067:Whelton, M., (1998)
4061:Whelton, M., (2006)
4054:Webster, W. (1995),
3993:. Liturgical Press.
3864:Herrin, J., (2007),
3836:Dvornik, F., (1966)
3780:Carlton, C., (1999)
3773:Carlton, C., (1997)
3742:M. Anastos, (2001),
3411:Webster, W. (1995),
3276:Webster, W. (1995),
3090:Ravenna Document, 43
2802:Terence L. Nichols,
2789:Terence L. Nichols,
2775:Terence L. Nichols,
2549:Martyrdom of St Paul
2388:The Primacy of Peter
2358:Ott, Ludwig (1960).
2305:The Primacy of Peter
2138:The Primacy of Peter
2049:References and notes
1789:Council of Jerusalem
1716:Rome (Old Rome) and
1569:Council of Jerusalem
1497:improve this article
1329:apostolic succession
1319:of 29 June 2007 the
1118:Michael I Cerularius
1076:dogmatic declaration
1028:The doctrine of the
996:Council of Chalcedon
972:Council of Chalcedon
854:Apostolic succession
574:Filioque controversy
10765:Carlo Maria Martini
10729:Johann Baptist Metz
10699:Frederick Copleston
10523:Friedrich von Hügel
10483:Joseph Hergenröther
10463:Gaetano Sanseverino
10443:Ignaz von Döllinger
10367:Nicolas Malebranche
10207:Thomas of Villanova
10168:Counter-Reformation
10148:Girolamo Savonarola
9962:Hildegard of Bingen
9771:Cyril of Alexandria
9614:Aristides of Athens
9601:Epistle of Barnabas
9590:Ignatius of Antioch
9528:Ecumenical councils
9151:Papal infallibility
9141:Our Lady of Lourdes
9090:Shimabara Rebellion
8934:Counter-Reformation
8130:Unlimited atonement
8115:Cultural Christians
7554:Jehovah's Witnesses
7176:Sermon on the Mount
7105:Christian tradition
7032:Lists of Christians
6863:Pre-Tridentine Mass
6631:Liturgical language
6068:Neocatechumenal Way
6033:Charismatic Renewal
5747:Annuario Pontificio
5345:Particular churches
5021:Ecumenical councils
4793:Perpetual virginity
4628:Communitas perfecta
4572:Sermon on the Mount
3927:(Newman Press; NY).
3885:Lossky, V., (2002)
3801:Congar. Y., (1982)
3794:Congar, Y. (1959),
3706:Lossky, V., (2002)
3675:Congar. Y., (1982)
3545:Whelton, M (1998).
3248:The Orthodox Church
3023:The Washington Post
2804:That All May Be One
2791:That All May Be One
2777:That All May Be One
2520:J. Michael Miller,
2277:John Henry Newman,
2258:John Henry Newman,
2028:Papal infallibility
1915:of the Church (see
1691:Peter founded many
1641:. As no particular
1345:particular Churches
1254:papal infallibility
1235:papal infallibility
757:Cyprian of Carthage
703:Alexander Schmemann
637:Ignatius of Antioch
521:of this article is
10780:Alasdair MacIntyre
10659:Nouvelle théologie
10548:Thérèse of Lisieux
10392:Alfonso Muzzarelli
10332:Jean-Jacques Olier
10302:Tommaso Campanella
10217:Francisco de Osuna
10212:Ignatius of Loyola
10081:Catherine of Siena
9977:Robert Grosseteste
9874:Benedict of Aniane
9814:Isidore of Seville
9756:Augustine of Hippo
9721:Cyril of Jerusalem
9716:Hilary of Poitiers
9196:Our Lady of Fátima
8985:Ignatius of Loyola
8909:Catherine of Siena
8877:Pope Boniface VIII
8696:Benedict of Nursia
8665:Council of Ephesus
8502:Ante-Nicene period
8455:Split with Judaism
8289:Crusading movement
7975:Crusading movement
7243:Ante-Nicene period
6715:Extraordinary Form
5905:Premonstratensians
4288:Ante-Nicene period
4166:Lists of Catholics
3913:Neill, S., (1984)
3815:Denny, E., (1912)
3103:. 14 November 2007
2577:Peter L'Huillier,
2476:John W. O'Malley,
1871:Byzantine emperors
1867:Ecumenical Council
1833:Easter controversy
1769:Hilary of Poitiers
1730:Faced with exile,
1680:metropolitan areas
1614:Hilary of Poitiers
1591:primus inter pares
1337:Oriental Orthodoxy
1129:Post-schism period
1080:Successor of Peter
1003:(492-496) stated:
934:
743:Ante-Nicene period
616:, the divinity of
583:primus inter pares
157:
97:
10848:
10847:
10775:Gustavo Gutiérrez
10770:Pope Benedict XVI
10755:Pope John Paul II
10654:Josemaría Escrivá
10644:Henri Daniel-Rops
10528:Vladimir Solovyov
10508:Neo-scholasticism
10448:John Henry Newman
10382:Louis de Montfort
10377:Alphonsus Liguori
10372:Giambattista Vico
10307:Pierre de Bérulle
10293:French Revolution
10262:Robert Bellarmine
10242:John of the Cross
10128:Julian of Norwich
10086:Bridget of Sweden
10076:John of Ruusbroec
10066:William of Ockham
9982:Francis of Assisi
9972:Dominic de Guzmán
9942:Decretum Gratiani
9917:Berengar of Tours
9806:Early Middle Ages
9776:Peter Chrysologus
9726:Basil of Caesarea
9711:Ephrem the Syrian
9651:Antipope Novatian
9447:
9446:
9407:COVID-19 pandemic
9385:Pope Benedict XVI
9290:Pope John Paul II
9065:Pope Benedict XIV
9051:French Revolution
9035:Thirty Years' War
9025:Robert Bellarmine
9010:John of the Cross
8914:Pope Alexander VI
8899:Council of Vienne
8829:Francis of Assisi
8819:Pope Innocent III
8688:Early Middle Ages
8682:
8681:
8678:
8677:
8620:Arian controversy
8573:
8572:
8521:Apostolic Fathers
8172:
8171:
8138:
8137:
8066:Charta Oecumenica
7576:
7575:
7566:Iglesia ni Cristo
7381:
7380:
7361:French Revolution
7351:Thirty Years' War
7223:Apostolic fathers
7191:Great Commandment
6962:
6961:
6942:
6941:
6871:
6870:
6785:
6784:
6418:(sunset/evening)
6188:
6187:
5598:
5597:
4991:
4814:
4813:
4506:
4483:
4482:
4475:COVID-19 pandemic
4445:French Revolution
4435:Thirty Years' War
4343:Islamic conquests
4256:Apostolic fathers
4191:
4019:978-0-231-07515-2
3207:978-0-89870-723-6
3038:Missing or empty
3025:. 1 October 1989.
2847:978-0-06-124521-3
2731:978-1-58617-282-4
2562:Bertrand Lançon,
2100:978-0-8091-4334-4
1666:Apostolic throne.
1529:
1528:
1521:
1392:Pope John Paul II
626:John Henry Newman
562:
561:
554:
496:
143:
88:
68:
10890:
10838:
10837:
10679:Emmanuel Mounier
10674:Bernard Lonergan
10599:Georges Bernanos
10584:Jacques Maritain
10564:G. K. Chesterton
10453:Henri Lacordaire
10352:Cornelius Jansen
10347:François Fénelon
10277:Francis de Sales
10267:Francisco Suárez
10138:Nicholas of Cusa
10022:Siger of Brabant
10007:Boetius of Dacia
9987:Anthony of Padua
9932:Joachim of Fiore
9912:Gregory of Narek
9899:High Middle Ages
9844:John of Damascus
9736:Gregory of Nyssa
9474:
9467:
9460:
9451:
9450:
9437:
9436:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9402:Patriarch Kirill
9275:Pope John Paul I
9080:Anti-clericalism
9060:Pope Innocent XI
8980:Society of Jesus
8965:Council of Trent
8919:Age of Discovery
8864:Late Middle Ages
8766:High Middle Ages
8756:East–West Schism
8640:Pope Sylvester I
8586:
8585:
8575:
8574:
8485:General epistles
8480:Pauline epistles
8413:John the Baptist
8396:Great Commission
8358:
8357:
8309:Catholic culture
8199:
8192:
8185:
8176:
8175:
8162:
8161:
8152:
8151:
7995:Environmentalism
7945:Church buildings
7847:
7846:
7662:Eastern Orthodox
7657:Eastern Catholic
7569:
7568:
7536:Eastern Catholic
7514:Eastern Orthodox
7402:
7401:
7323:Age of Discovery
7308:East–West Schism
7206:Great Commission
7137:
7136:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6966:
6965:
6954:
6953:
6927:East Syriac Rite
6895:Alexandrian Rite
6884:Eastern Catholic
6877:Eastern Catholic
6752:Benedictine Rite
6740:
6739:
6680:
6679:
6674:liturgical rites
6663:
6662:
6582:Roman Pontifical
6438:(end of the day)
6372:Liturgical hours
6215:
6208:
6201:
6192:
6191:
6178:
6177:
6168:
6167:
5910:Redemptoristines
5758:Religious orders
5684:Anti-Catholicism
5634:Church buildings
5494:Catholic liturgy
5234:Consecrated life
5092:Apostolic Palace
5059:Synod of Bishops
4995:
4994:
4971:
4577:Ten Commandments
4510:
4509:
4492:
4393:Age of Discovery
4227:Great Commission
4195:
4194:
4179:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4100:
4092:
4090:"The Pope"
4023:
4004:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3604:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3574:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3459:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3324:
3313:
3307:
3300:
3294:
3287:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3257:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3196:Ray, Stephen K.
3193:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3081:, sections 40-41
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2761:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2715:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2661:
2655:
2646:
2631:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2547:Henry W. Tajra,
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2517:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2441:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2383:
2377:
2372:Richard McBrien
2370:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2328:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2274:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2239:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2023:Pontifex Maximus
1964:and then by the
1844:Eusebius wrote:
1839:Quartodecimanism
1815:only prescribes
1813:Rabbinic Judaism
1524:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1481:
1473:
1315:In the document
1108:East-West Schism
1102:East-West Schism
1064:deposit of faith
1030:sedes apostolica
875:Lateran Basilica
834:Irenaeus of Lyon
557:
550:
546:
543:
537:
511:
510:
503:
201:
200:
198:
185:
175:
156:
151:
133:
125:
115:
96:
69:
60:
59:
57:
52:
50:
42:
39:
21:
19:
10898:
10897:
10893:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10887:
10883:Christian terms
10853:
10852:
10849:
10844:
10832:
10824:
10805:Jean-Luc Marion
10743:
10694:Marcel Lefebvre
10619:Romano Guardini
10574:Joseph Maréchal
10552:
10543:Maurice Blondel
10438:Antonio Rosmini
10433:Luigi Taparelli
10411:
10337:Louis Thomassin
10312:Pierre Gassendi
10295:
10291:
10281:
10232:Teresa of Ávila
10170:
10166:
10157:
10143:Marsilio Ficino
10133:Thomas à Kempis
10123:Devotio Moderna
10096:Johannes Tauler
10091:Meister Eckhart
10061:Dante Alighieri
10036:
10002:Albertus Magnus
9893:
9800:
9746:John Chrysostom
9674:
9670:
9660:
9573:Clement of Rome
9554:
9492:
9483:
9478:
9448:
9443:
9431:
9421:
9419:
9411:
9333:World Youth Day
9311:
9300:World Youth Day
9244:Pacem in terris
9238:Pope John XXIII
9177:
9104:
9095:Edict of Nantes
9053:
9049:
9039:
9005:Teresa of Ávila
9000:Tridentine Mass
8936:
8932:
8923:
8904:Knights Templar
8858:
8760:
8716:Gregorian chant
8674:
8600:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8581:
8569:
8496:
8365:
8353:
8345:
8212:
8210:Catholic Church
8203:
8173:
8168:
8146:
8134:
8088:
8043:
7961:
7842:
7836:
7791:
7716:One true church
7572:
7540:
7500:
7389:
7377:
7327:
7284:
7229:
7156:in Christianity
7142:
7128:
7122:
7114:
7073:
7049:
7041:
6998:
6993:
6963:
6958:
6948:
6938:
6905:Antiochene Rite
6885:
6881:
6878:
6867:
6857:Missa Venatoria
6781:
6777:Norbertine Rite
6767:Cistercian Rite
6762:Carthusian Rite
6738:
6720:Tridentine Mass
6710:Mass of Paul VI
6673:
6669:
6657:
6650:
6625:
6489:
6441:
6388:(early morning)
6370:
6367:Canonical hours
6361:
6284:
6236:
6234:Catholic Church
6219:
6189:
6184:
6162:
6154:
6133:
6116:Relief Services
6082:
6028:Catholic Action
6018:Military orders
5955:Confraternities
5947:of the faithful
5946:
5939:
5761:
5752:
5688:
5594:
5488:
5347:
5339:
5272:Prior, Prioress
5228:
5121:
5117:Vatican Museums
5068:
5001:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4889:
4843:Social teaching
4810:
4749:
4694:
4649:One true church
4613:
4590:Sixtine Vulgate
4586:Official Bible
4500:
4496:
4491:
4479:
4397:
4329:
4274:
4244:Petrine primacy
4187:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4142:
4140:Catholic Church
4137:
4078:
4020:
4001:
3732:
3727:
3718:
3714:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3638:– Book V, xxiv
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3588:
3575:
3571:
3558:
3554:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3492:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3462:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3419:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3361:
3357:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3327:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3273:
3269:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2832:
2828:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2773:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2687:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2658:
2649:Aidan Nichols,
2647:
2634:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2518:
2514:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2474:
2467:
2457:
2453:
2442:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2367:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2294:
2275:
2271:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2033:Papal supremacy
2014:
2005:
1970:Orthodox Church
1956:
1935:
1929:
1901:
1862:
1835:
1791:
1785:
1773:John Chrysostom
1745:
1732:John Chrysostom
1634:
1618:John Chrysostom
1587:
1581:
1554:
1552:Protestant view
1537:papal supremacy
1525:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1494:
1482:
1471:
1414:
1402:
1384:
1358:
1353:
1327:and which lack
1313:
1308:
1278:
1250:Pastor aeternus
1243:papal supremacy
1219:
1211:Anglican Church
1188:
1136:
1131:
1110:
1104:
1072:
1059:depositum fidei
1046:
1026:
1014:
988:Pope Boniface I
984:Pope Innocent I
926:
917:Valentinian III
908:
896:
863:
831:
802:
796:
787:
773:
755:were martyred.
745:
737:twelve Apostles
698:
692:
605:
558:
547:
541:
538:
527:
512:
508:
493:
486:
477:
472:
463:
451:
442:
431:
419:
410:
399:
390:
378:
369:
358:
347:
338:
326:
315:
304:
295:
284:
272:
263:
252:
245:
237:
227:
222:
207:
202:
193:
191:
189:
188:
187:
183:
181:
165:
163:
158:
152:
147:
139:
137:← Previous edit
134:
131:
129:
128:
127:
123:
121:
105:
103:
98:
92:
84:
83:
82:
81:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
65:
61:
55:
53:
48:
45:
43:
40:
38:Content deleted
37:
34:
29:← Previous edit
26:
25:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10896:
10886:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10842:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10751:
10749:
10745:
10744:
10742:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10634:Henri de Lubac
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10609:Gabriel Marcel
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10589:Étienne Gilson
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10538:George Tyrrell
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10498:Émile Boutroux
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10478:Giuseppe Pecci
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10419:
10417:
10413:
10412:
10410:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10327:António Vieira
10324:
10319:
10317:René Descartes
10314:
10309:
10304:
10298:
10296:
10288:Baroque period
10286:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10252:Luis de Molina
10249:
10247:Peter Canisius
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10227:Francis Xavier
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10182:Thomas Cajetan
10179:
10173:
10171:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10156:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10113:Heinrich Seuse
10110:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10047:
10045:
10038:
10037:
10035:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10017:Thomas Aquinas
10014:
10012:Henry of Ghent
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9957:Anselm of Laon
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9903:
9901:
9895:
9894:
9892:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9879:Rabanus Maurus
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9810:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9798:
9796:Pope Gregory I
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9677:
9675:
9672:Pope Gregory I
9665:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9604:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9564:
9562:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9546:
9545:
9543:Biblical canon
9540:
9533:Catholic Bible
9530:
9525:
9524:
9523:
9513:
9512:
9511:
9500:
9498:
9494:
9493:
9488:
9485:
9484:
9477:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9454:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9429:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9410:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9330:
9325:
9319:
9317:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9307:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9240:
9235:
9228:
9223:
9221:Lateran Treaty
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9112:
9110:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9056:
9054:
9046:Baroque period
9044:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9015:Peter Canisius
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8990:Francis Xavier
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8954:Exsurge Domine
8950:
8945:
8939:
8937:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8894:Pope Clement V
8891:
8890:
8889:
8887:Avignon Papacy
8882:Western Schism
8879:
8874:
8872:Thomas Aquinas
8868:
8866:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8770:
8768:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8726:Saint Boniface
8723:
8718:
8713:
8711:Pope Gregory I
8708:
8703:
8698:
8692:
8690:
8684:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8650:Biblical canon
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8616:
8615:
8604:
8602:
8583:
8579:Late antiquity
8571:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8526:Pope Clement I
8516:Church Fathers
8513:
8507:
8505:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8372:
8370:
8355:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8279:
8277:Biblical canon
8272:Catholic Bible
8269:
8268:
8267:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8222:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8202:
8201:
8194:
8187:
8179:
8170:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8156:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8057:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8012:
8007:
8005:Fundamentalism
8002:
8000:Existentialism
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7971:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7891:God the Father
7888:
7883:
7878:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7855:
7853:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7812:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7787:
7777:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7730:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7711:Body of Christ
7708:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7676:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7586:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7548:
7546:Restorationist
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7510:
7508:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7399:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7337:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7255:
7250:
7248:Late antiquity
7245:
7239:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7218:Church fathers
7215:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7147:
7145:
7134:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7055:
7053:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6992:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6969:
6960:
6959:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6924:
6922:Byzantine Rite
6919:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6889:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6853:
6846:
6839:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6804:
6802:Aquileian Rite
6799:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6772:Dominican Rite
6769:
6764:
6759:
6757:Carmelite Rite
6754:
6748:
6746:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6712:
6702:
6700:Mozarabic Rite
6697:
6692:
6690:Ambrosian Rite
6686:
6684:
6677:
6660:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6635:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6523:Roman Breviary
6515:
6510:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6425:
6413:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6376:
6374:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6335:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6296:Divine Liturgy
6292:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6218:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6195:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6172:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6134:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6063:Legion of Mary
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5992:Lay Carmelites
5989:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5951:
5949:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5840:Conceptionists
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5775:Assumptionists
5771:
5769:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5608:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5477:Syro-Malankara
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5427:Italo-Albanian
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5245:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5136:
5134:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:Lateran Treaty
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5023:
5018:
5009:
5007:
4992:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4858:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4833:Moral theology
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4592:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4516:
4514:
4507:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4348:Pope Gregory I
4345:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:Biblical canon
4317:
4315:Late antiquity
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4251:Church fathers
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4203:
4201:
4192:
4185:Ecclesiastical
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4084:
4077:
4076:External links
4074:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4005:
3999:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:Annales Romani
3747:
3740:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3712:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3668:
3657:
3646:
3626:
3614:
3609:Church History
3599:
3586:
3569:
3552:
3525:
3516:
3503:
3490:
3473:
3460:
3443:
3439:On the Trinity
3430:
3417:
3402:
3393:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3338:
3325:
3308:
3304:On the Trinity
3295:
3282:
3267:
3252:
3246:Timothy Ware,
3239:
3237:, vol. 8, 368.
3226:
3213:
3206:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3147:
3136:
3125:
3114:
3092:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3049:
3014:
3005:
2991:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2928:
2914:
2905:
2903:The CLC Press.
2892:
2882:
2869:
2860:
2846:
2826:
2808:
2795:
2782:
2762:
2747:
2730:
2710:
2699:
2685:
2656:
2632:
2618:
2593:
2584:
2569:
2554:
2539:
2527:
2512:
2497:
2483:
2465:
2451:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2393:
2378:
2365:
2362:. p. 289.
2350:
2338:
2323:
2310:
2292:
2269:
2249:
2242:Klaus Schatz,
2234:
2223:
2214:
2203:
2189:
2178:
2163:
2154:
2143:
2128:
2117:
2099:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1966:Holy Tradition
1955:
1952:
1931:Main article:
1928:
1925:
1900:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1875:Holy Tradition
1861:
1858:
1834:
1831:
1787:Main article:
1784:
1781:
1761:Church Fathers
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1728:
1721:
1718:Constantinople
1714:
1703:
1696:
1693:Episcopal sees
1689:
1682:
1676:
1673:Church Fathers
1670:
1667:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1633:
1630:
1606:Church Fathers
1583:Main article:
1580:
1577:
1573:James the Just
1560:sola scriptura
1553:
1550:
1546:solus Christus
1527:
1526:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1413:
1410:
1401:
1396:
1383:
1380:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1277:
1274:
1227:ultramontanism
1218:
1215:
1187:
1184:
1156:Constantinople
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1106:Main article:
1103:
1100:
1084:declaratum est
1071:
1068:
1054:Pope Clement V
1050:Pope Gregory I
1045:
1042:
1025:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
955:Pope Damasus I
947:Constantinople
925:
922:
907:
904:
895:
892:
879:Lateran Palace
867:Edict of Milan
862:
859:
830:
827:
819:Pope Stephen I
798:Main article:
795:
792:
786:
785:Peter and Paul
783:
772:
769:
761:Pope Damasus I
753:Pope Sixtus II
749:Pope Stephen I
744:
741:
694:Main article:
691:
688:
604:
601:
570:Bishop of Rome
560:
559:
515:
513:
506:
500:
495:
494:
491:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
475:
473:
470:
467:
466:
464:
460:
458:
455:
454:
452:
449:
446:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
428:
426:
423:
422:
420:
417:
414:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
400:
397:
394:
393:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
379:
376:
373:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
348:
345:
342:
341:
339:
335:
333:
330:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
305:
302:
299:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
285:
281:
279:
276:
275:
273:
270:
267:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
253:
250:
247:
246:
242:
240:
238:
234:
232:
229:
228:
225:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
182:
177:
176:
161:
140:
122:
117:
116:
101:
70:
64:
62:
44:
36:
27:
23:
22:
14:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10895:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10851:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10830:
10827:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10815:Aidan Nichols
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10795:Michał Heller
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10785:Walter Kasper
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10714:Thomas Merton
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10684:Jean Daniélou
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10555:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10423:Joseph Görres
10421:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10408:
10407:Bruno Lanteri
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10362:Blaise Pascal
10360:
10357:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10222:John of Ávila
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10102:
10101:Walter Hilton
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10071:Richard Rolle
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10039:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9952:Peter Lombard
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9937:Peter Abelard
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9904:
9902:
9900:
9896:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9829:Monothelitism
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9819:John Climacus
9817:
9815:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9706:Monophysitism
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9626:
9622:
9620:
9619:Justin Martyr
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9603:
9602:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9561:
9557:
9551:
9548:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9522:
9521:Papal primacy
9519:
9518:
9517:
9514:
9510:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9486:
9482:
9475:
9470:
9468:
9463:
9461:
9456:
9455:
9452:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9428:
9418:
9417:
9414:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9397:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9318:
9314:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9280:Mother Teresa
9278:
9276:
9273:
9270:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9245:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9206:Pope Pius XII
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9172:Rerum novarum
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9156:Pope Leo XIII
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9126:United States
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9116:Pope Pius VII
9114:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8869:
8867:
8865:
8861:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8799:Scholasticism
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8774:Pope Urban II
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8685:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8591:
8587:
8584:
8580:
8576:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8550:Justin Martyr
8548:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8460:New Testament
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8423:Commissioning
8421:
8420:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:Apostolic Age
8363:
8359:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8253:Papal primacy
8251:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8200:
8195:
8193:
8188:
8186:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8165:
8157:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8144:
8141:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8091:
8085:
8082:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7955:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7940:Popular piety
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7869:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:People of God
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7567:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7400:
7397:
7393:
7388:
7387:Denominations
7384:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7356:Enlightenment
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7126:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7070:
7069:New Testament
7067:
7065:
7064:Old Testament
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6990:
6985:
6983:
6978:
6976:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6957:
6952:
6945:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6900:Armenian Rite
6898:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6880:
6874:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6843:Missa Nautica
6840:
6838:
6837:Gallican Rite
6835:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6695:Rite of Braga
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6513:Book of hours
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6434:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6339:Missa Cantata
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6181:
6173:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Home Missions
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6004:Saint Francis
6002:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Saint Dominic
5985:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5800:Bethlehemites
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5722:Vatican Radio
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5707:Vatican Media
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:List of popes
5000:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4788:Mother of God
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:People of God
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:Infallibility
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Body and soul
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4440:Enlightenment
4438:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4411:Protestantism
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Scholasticism
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Schism (1378)
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Schism (1054)
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
4000:0-8146-5522-X
3996:
3992:
3991:Papal Primacy
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3650:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3513:
3507:
3501:Chapter 10.45
3500:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3440:
3434:
3427:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3366:Chapter 10.45
3365:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3292:
3286:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3102:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3053:
3045:
3032:
3024:
3018:
3009:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2886:
2879:
2873:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2823:. New Advent.
2822:
2820:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2319:Papal Primacy
2314:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2285:Paul Misner,
2282:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1948:
1947:modus vivendi
1942:
1940:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:Matthew 18:18
1754:
1753:Matthew 16:18
1750:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:Matthew 16:18
1598:
1596:
1595:Matthew 16:18
1592:
1586:
1579:Orthodox view
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1520:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1486:This section
1484:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:Robert Runcie
1378:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:Lumen Gentium
1289:
1288:
1287:Lumen Gentium
1283:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Martin Luther
1183:
1180:
1179:Andronicus II
1176:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1162:in the East.
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:that divided
1149:
1145:
1141:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1052:(590-604) to
1051:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:apostolic see
1031:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:Pope Gelasius
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
980:Pope Siricius
977:
976:Matthew 16:18
973:
969:
968:Apostolic See
963:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
930:
921:
918:
914:
913:Theodosius II
903:
901:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
826:
822:
820:
815:
810:
808:
801:
791:
781:
776:
768:
766:
765:Apostolic See
762:
758:
754:
750:
740:
738:
734:
728:
723:
721:
718:In the West,
715:
713:
706:
704:
697:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:To the Romans
643:
638:
634:
629:
627:
621:
619:
615:
611:
600:
596:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
556:
553:
545:
535:
531:
525:
524:
520:
514:
505:
504:
498:
490:
488:
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:
459:
456:
450:
447:
439:
436:
427:
424:
418:
415:
407:
404:
398:
395:
386:
383:
377:
374:
366:
363:
355:
352:
346:
343:
334:
331:
323:
320:
312:
309:
303:
300:
292:
289:
280:
277:
271:
268:
260:
257:
251:
248:
241:
239:
233:
231:
230:
226:
224:
221:
219:
218:
210:
206:
196:
180:
173:
169:
164:
162:Laurel Lodged
155:
150:
146:
138:
120:
113:
109:
104:
102:Laurel Lodged
95:
91:
73:
58:
51:
41:Content added
33:
30:
20:
10850:
10800:Peter Kreeft
10748:21st century
10739:Henri Nouwen
10649:Jean Guitton
10629:Fulton Sheen
10557:20th century
10458:Jaime Balmes
10416:19th century
10237:Luis de León
10118:Geert Groote
10105:
9922:Peter Damian
9761:John Cassian
9701:Nestorianism
9623:
9606:
9599:
9582:
9560:Early Church
9394:
9390:Pope Francis
9316:21st century
9265:Pope Paul VI
9242:
9230:
9183:20th century
9170:
9121:Pope Pius IX
9109:19th century
9085:Pope Pius VI
8952:
8824:Latin Empire
8794:Universities
8746:Pope Leo III
8613:Christianity
8598:state church
8590:Great Church
8391:Resurrection
8354:(30–325/476)
8351:Early Church
8336:Latin Church
8331:Papal States
8326:Vatican City
8064:
7859:Architecture
7753:Confirmation
7701:Ecclesiology
7632:Original sin
7622:Nicene Creed
7419:Old Catholic
7303:Papal States
7235:Great Church
7201:Resurrection
7143:Christianity
7100:New Covenant
7051:(Scriptures)
6996:Christianity
6855:
6848:
6841:
6820:Hereford Use
6797:African Rite
6727:Anglican Use
6667:Latin Church
6621:Sacramentary
6616:Roman Ritual
6604:Roman Missal
6412:(ninth hour)
6400:(third hour)
6337:
6323:Holy Qurbono
6318:Holy Qurbana
6255:Confirmation
6150:Universities
5982:Third orders
5945:Associations
5935:Visitandines
5930:Trinitarians
5880:Mercedarians
5865:Hieronymites
5810:Camaldoleses
5795:Benedictines
5785:Augustinians
5745:
5738:
5731:
5712:Vatican News
5666:Distinctions
5472:Syro-Malabar
5357:Latin Church
5279:Grand master
5177:Metropolitan
5074:Vatican City
4969:Organisation
4848:Philosophers
4713:Confirmation
4690:In canon law
4684:Subsistit in
4682:
4678:Three states
4665:
4626:
4619:Ecclesiology
4601:Nova Vulgata
4599:
4557:Original sin
4552:Nicene Creed
4542:Divine grace
4501:
4383:Universities
4353:Papal States
4280:Great Church
4222:Resurrection
4199:Early Church
4094:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4009:
3990:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3736:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3660:
3649:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3617:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3441:. Book VI.37
3438:
3433:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3405:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3311:
3306:. Book VI.37
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3255:
3247:
3242:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3139:
3128:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3052:
3040:|title=
3031:cite journal
3022:
3017:
3008:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2931:
2917:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2872:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2836:
2829:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2742:
2735:. Retrieved
2720:
2713:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2679:
2672:. Retrieved
2666:
2659:
2650:
2626:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2603:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2563:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2506:
2500:
2486:
2477:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2336:, section 41
2331:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2304:
2286:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2237:
2226:
2217:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2157:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2120:
2111:
2104:. Retrieved
2089:
2082:
2062:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1902:
1890:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1817:Noahide Laws
1798:
1792:
1748:
1746:
1663:
1655:
1642:
1626:
1600:However, in
1599:
1590:
1588:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1534:
1530:
1515:
1506:
1495:Please help
1490:verification
1487:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1415:
1406:Ut Unum Sint
1403:
1399:Ut Unum Sint
1398:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1359:
1316:
1314:
1306:21st century
1300:
1296:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1247:
1231:conciliarism
1220:
1204:
1189:
1171:
1164:
1160:Latin Empire
1148:Great Schism
1144:Michael VIII
1137:
1111:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1047:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1015:
964:
960:Nicene Creed
935:
909:
897:
864:
832:
823:
817:
812:
803:
788:
778:
774:
746:
730:
725:
717:
711:
708:
699:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
653:
649:
645:
632:
630:
624:by Cardinal
622:
606:
597:
581:
565:
563:
548:
542:October 2011
539:
517:
10810:Tomáš Halík
10734:Jean Vanier
10719:René Girard
10704:Alfred Delp
10669:Yves Congar
10664:Karl Rahner
10639:Dorothy Day
10624:Edith Stein
10594:Ronald Knox
10192:John Fisher
10187:Thomas More
10164:Reformation
10056:Duns Scotus
10051:Ramon Llull
10044:and reforms
10032:Roger Bacon
9997:Bonaventure
9907:Roscellinus
9696:Pelagianism
9667:Constantine
9490:Key figures
9396:Laudato si'
9191:Pope Pius X
9020:Philip Neri
8995:Pope Pius V
8970:Thomas More
8839:Inquisition
8741:Charlemagne
8701:Monasticism
8511:Persecution
8403:Holy Spirit
8386:Crucifixion
8265:First seven
8120:Persecution
8055:Christendom
8048:Cooperation
7985:Charismatic
7896:Holy Spirit
7805:Natural law
7768:Holy orders
7617:Christology
7610:Holy Spirit
7479:Pentecostal
7459:Evangelical
7454:Charismatic
7298:Monasticism
7290:Middle Ages
7253:Constantine
7196:Crucifixion
7078:Foundations
6910:West Syriac
6850:Missa sicca
6815:Durham Rite
6810:Celtic Rite
6572:Martyrology
6540:Gospel Book
6535:Euchologion
6508:Antiphonary
6382:(nighttime)
6345:Solemn Mass
6275:Holy Orders
6140:Health care
6126:Pax Christi
6078:Schoenstatt
6043:Sant'Egidio
5875:Legionaries
5855:Franciscans
5830:Cistercians
5825:Carthusians
5780:Annonciades
5639:Altarpieces
5532:West Syriac
5527:East Syriac
5507:Alexandrian
5131:Holy orders
5112:Swiss Guard
5052:Dicasteries
5047:Roman Curia
4945:Evangelists
4903:Holy Family
4838:Personalism
4828:Natural law
4806:Josephology
4740:Holy orders
4378:Inquisition
4335:Middle Ages
4325:Monasticism
4293:Constantine
4217:Crucifixion
3623:Millennium"
2106:22 December
1939:Yves Congar
1805:circumcised
1370:Reformation
1239:ex cathedra
1186:Reformation
1175:John Bekkos
1114:Pope Leo IX
1096:Apostolicus
733:Saint Peter
205:Next edit →
32:Next edit →
10857:Categories
10820:Scott Hahn
10197:Johann Eck
9849:Iconoclasm
9781:Pope Leo I
9641:Tertullian
9269:coronation
8975:Pope Leo X
8560:Tertullian
8490:Revelation
8465:Background
8034:Prosperity
8010:Liberation
7950:Cathedrals
7935:Pilgrimage
7920:Literature
7797:Philosophy
7733:Sacraments
7706:Four marks
7667:Protestant
7642:Born again
7439:Anabaptist
7429:Protestant
7371:Influences
7333:Modern era
7037:By country
6705:Roman Rite
6656:Liturgical
6577:Pontifical
6555:Lectionary
6550:Horologion
6485:Procession
6355:Papal Mass
6242:Sacraments
6222:Sacraments
5895:Oratorians
5850:Dominicans
5820:Carmelites
5815:Camillians
5763:institutes
5576:Tridentine
5512:Antiochian
5432:Macedonian
5377:Belarusian
5267:Provincial
5182:Archbishop
5102:Roman Rota
5064:Properties
4989:By country
4985:Precedence
4950:Confessors
4930:Archangels
4920:Patriarchs
4820:Philosophy
4798:Veneration
4763:Assumption
4733:Last rites
4700:Sacraments
4644:Four marks
4455:Vatican II
4403:Modern era
4239:Succession
4010:The Papacy
3634:Eusebius,
3611:, V, xxiii
3607:Eusebius,
3543:quoted in
3533:Eusebius.
3426:On Modesty
3291:On Modesty
3107:22 January
2944:20 January
2853:1 November
2737:14 October
2674:17 October
2611:1 November
2374:The Church
2283:quoted in
1809:Mosaic law
1765:Tertullian
1725:patriarchs
1658:Apostolic
1610:Tertullian
1541:ecumenical
1200:Antichrist
1196:Pope Leo X
1038:Pope Leo I
992:Pope Leo I
865:After the
850:episcopate
846:Pope Linus
735:among the
720:Ludwig Ott
519:neutrality
10724:Hans Küng
10513:Léon Bloy
10503:Modernism
10356:Jansenism
10042:Mysticism
9636:Montanism
9285:Communism
9255:Ecumenism
8601:(380–451)
8593:(180–451)
8582:(313–476)
8504:(100–325)
8110:Criticism
8060:Ecumenism
8024:Mysticism
7990:Democracy
7980:Anarchism
7967:Movements
7930:Mythology
7908:Catechism
7903:Education
7820:Evolution
7743:Eucharist
7726:Canon law
7684:Theotokos
7679:Mariology
7637:Salvation
7627:Tradition
7474:Methodist
7434:Adventist
7268:Chalcedon
6915:Malankara
6825:Sarum Use
6732:Zaire Use
6530:Customary
6280:Matrimony
6260:Eucharist
6230:liturgies
6136:See also:
6088:Charities
5997:Discalced
5925:Trappists
5920:Theatines
5890:Olivetans
5835:Clarisses
5805:Blue nuns
5790:Basilians
5767:societies
5675:See also:
5561:Mozarabic
5551:Ambrosian
5537:Malankara
5522:Byzantine
5482:Ukrainian
5457:Ruthenian
5422:Hungarian
5407:Ethiopian
5382:Bulgarian
5349:sui iuris
5333:Postulant
5242:Religious
5197:Auxiliary
5192:Coadjutor
5162:Patriarch
5030:Cardinals
4977:Canon law
4973:Hierarchy
4955:Disciples
4878:Relations
4866:Evolution
4857:See also:
4802:See also:
4755:Mariology
4745:Matrimony
4718:Eucharist
4639:Ecumenism
4567:Salvation
4503:Catechism
4498:Tradition
4460:Communism
4308:Chalcedon
3923:, (1985)
3921:Palladius
3068:Document"
2321:, pp. 4-6
2075:Citations
2054:Footnotes
1961:Scripture
1913:cardinals
1891:See also
1777:Augustine
1622:Augustine
1241:) and of
1094:esset et
900:decretals
894:Decretals
530:talk page
215:Line 213:
212:Line 213:
10256:Molinism
9834:Ecthesis
9786:Boethius
9691:Arianism
9681:Eusebius
9631:Irenaeus
9595:Polycarp
9509:Timeline
9295:HIV/AIDS
8789:Crusades
8543:Irenaeus
8536:Ignatius
8531:Polycarp
8381:Ministry
8369:(30–100)
8243:Timeline
8164:Category
8029:Pacifism
7843:features
7827:Politics
7780:Ablution
7748:Marriage
7652:Catholic
7582:Theology
7489:Reformed
7469:Lutheran
7464:Holiness
7444:Anglican
7414:Catholic
7318:Crusades
7263:Nicaea I
7213:Apostles
7186:Miracles
7181:Parables
7171:Ministry
7161:Nativity
7125:timeline
7022:Prophets
7017:Glossary
6879:Churches
6830:York Use
6806:British
6518:Breviary
6463:Exorcism
6453:Asperges
6436:Compline
6422:Evensong
6333:Low Mass
6180:Category
6073:Opus Dei
6058:Scouting
6048:Focolare
5915:Servites
5900:Piarists
5845:Crosiers
5581:Anglican
5517:Armenian
5447:Romanian
5437:Maronite
5412:Georgian
5402:Eritrean
5387:Chaldean
5372:Armenian
5367:Albanian
5248:Superior
5207:Emeritus
5187:Diocesan
5040:Advisers
4999:Holy See
4925:Prophets
4883:Politics
4654:Catholic
4634:Councils
4489:Theology
4368:Crusades
4303:Nicaea I
4234:Apostles
4212:Ministry
4181:Timeline
4161:Glossary
2806:, p. 116
2793:, p. 114
2317:Schatz,
2012:See also
1978:catholic
1865:Not one
1823:Eusebius
1800:gentiles
1723:Eastern
1700:Apostles
1654:Rome is
1509:May 2012
1339:and the
1088:pontifex
951:New Rome
939:New Rome
881:and the
523:disputed
172:contribs
112:contribs
56:Wikitext
10177:Erasmus
10027:Thomism
9766:Orosius
9741:Ambrose
9656:Cyprian
9584:Didache
9538:Vulgate
9497:General
9260:Judaism
8660:Vulgate
8470:Gospels
8445:Stephen
8362:Origins
8282:Vulgate
8218:General
8208:of the
8206:History
8093:Related
7886:Trinity
7851:Culture
7815:Science
7785:Hygiene
7775:Mission
7758:Penance
7738:Baptism
7674:Worship
7647:Liturgy
7595:Trinity
7506:Eastern
7484:Quakers
7449:Baptist
7406:Western
7396:members
7166:Baptism
7120:History
7110:Worship
7012:Outline
6932:Malabar
6886:liturgy
6790:Defunct
6683:Current
6589:Psalter
6545:Gradual
6473:Requiem
6468:Funeral
6416:Vespers
6265:Penance
6250:Baptism
6232:of the
6145:Schools
6101:Caritas
6009:Secular
5975:Workers
5870:Jesuits
5656:Museums
5651:Library
5629:Writers
5624:Artists
5604:Culture
5571:Paul VI
5452:Russian
5442:Melkite
5284:Brother
5262:General
5202:Titular
5172:Primate
5150:Eparchy
5140:Diocese
5087:Outline
5026:College
5016:Francis
4960:Virgins
4935:Martyrs
4861:Science
4768:History
4723:Penance
4708:Baptism
4609:Worship
4582:Vulgate
4530:Kingdom
4525:Trinity
4513:General
4268:Primacy
4176:History
4156:Outline
3730:Sources
3391:, p153.
1974:de jure
1941:stated
1909:liturgy
1795:Acts 15
1749:primacy
1643:charism
1571:it was
1280:At the
994:to the
915:and of
722:wrote:
705:wrote:
667:kephale
614:Trinity
430:remarks
9869:Alcuin
9751:Jerome
9646:Origen
9226:Nazism
9048:to the
8655:Jerome
8565:Origen
8248:Papacy
7810:Ethics
7691:Saints
7600:Father
7519:Church
7131:spread
7095:Gospel
7085:Church
7027:People
6744:Orders
6611:Tonary
6594:Missal
6503:Agpeya
6428:Ramsha
6406:(noon)
6380:Matins
6228:, and
6023:Fimcap
5965:Marian
5885:Minims
5617:Marian
5467:Syriac
5462:Slovak
5392:Coptic
5328:Oblate
5323:Master
5318:Novice
5313:Hermit
5301:Sister
5257:Abbess
5224:Deacon
5219:Priest
5214:Parish
5157:Bishop
5127:Polity
4913:Joseph
4895:Saints
4562:Saints
4450:Nazism
4016:
3997:
3450:"For (
3315:"For (
3204:
2844:
2728:
2113:union.
2097:
1921:Jesuit
1734:- the
1686:synods
1662:, not
1660:throne
1450:protos
1446:protos
1434:protoi
1430:protoi
1225:where
1122:schism
1092:Primas
683:protos
679:protos
675:protos
671:protos
663:protos
654:protos
618:Christ
184:66,338
124:66,338
67:Inline
49:Visual
9328:Islam
8596:Roman
8555:Canon
8428:Peter
8376:Jesus
8019:Right
7925:Music
7876:Jesus
7841:Other
7696:Angel
7151:Jesus
7141:Early
7090:Creed
7059:Canon
7047:Bible
7007:Index
6672:Latin
6658:rites
6410:Nones
6398:Terce
6392:Prime
6386:Lauds
6226:rites
6121:CIDSE
5970:Youth
5694:Media
5661:Music
5586:Zaire
5566:Roman
5556:Braga
5546:Latin
5417:Greek
5289:Friar
5253:Abbot
5167:Major
5082:Index
4981:Laity
4547:Dogma
4494:Bible
4470:Islam
4426:Trent
4207:Jesus
4189:Legal
4151:Index
3389:Ibid.
2890:2008.
1707:Latin
1442:taxis
1438:taxis
1024:Leo I
838:Peter
807:Linus
712:agape
650:taxis
633:agape
186:edits
126:edits
9839:Bede
9568:Paul
9378:2023
9373:2019
9368:2016
9363:2013
9358:2011
9353:2008
9348:2005
9343:2002
9338:2000
9305:1995
8475:Acts
8438:Paul
8433:John
8408:Mary
8015:Left
7915:Flag
7881:Mary
7392:list
6404:Sext
6328:Mass
5646:Folk
5294:Monk
5035:List
5013:Pope
4908:Mary
4014:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3452:John
3317:John
3202:ISBN
3109:2009
3044:help
2946:2009
2855:2011
2842:ISBN
2739:2011
2726:ISBN
2676:2011
2613:2011
2108:2011
2095:ISBN
1698:The
1639:Paul
1360:The
1167:Mass
1154:and
1152:Rome
1138:The
877:and
842:Paul
840:and
564:The
516:The
168:talk
154:undo
149:edit
108:talk
94:edit
8364:and
8314:Art
7871:Art
7605:Son
7590:God
5960:Lay
5612:Art
5306:Nun
5028:of
4520:God
1980:).
1811:. (
1664:the
1624:..
1597:.
1563:).
1499:by
1404:In
1098:":
1082:: "
1066:).
665:or
10859::
10290:to
9669:to
7394:,
6224:,
5765:,
5255:,
4093:.
3537:.
3035::
3033:}}
3029:{{
2821:8"
2765:^
2750:^
2741:.
2678:.
2635:^
2468:^
2434:^
2295:^
2110:.
1895:.
1779:.
1775:,
1771:,
1767:,
1763:;
1709::
1656:an
1620:,
1616:,
1612:,
1608:;
1335:,
1294:.
1202:.
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170:|
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10358:)
10354:(
10258:)
10254:(
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9466:t
9459:v
9271:)
9267:(
8198:e
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7390:(
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6988:e
6981:t
6974:v
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