Coors strike and boycott: Difference between revisions

1246:, Coors demanded a vote amongst brewery workers on whether the brewery would remain a ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} In a vote held that December, the union shop was kept, with 92 percent voting in favor.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} On March 1 of the following year, the labor contract between Coors and the local expired, and ensuing negotiations on a new contract were bogged down by disagreements between the two.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} The disagreements were not related to pay but instead concerned the company's grounds for dismissal and their use of polygraph testing for applicants.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} Additionally, the company had wanted to change policies regarding seniority rights, which the union opposed.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} On April 5, 1977,{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}} approximately 1,500{{refn|group=note|One source gives this number as approximately 1,400.{{sfn|Crisman|1978}} A 1988 article in '']'' gives a specific number of 1,472.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}}}} union members began a strike action against the company with a mass ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} However, the next day, the company sent letters to the striking employees saying that they would hire ]s if necessary and that, if the striking worker were replaced, they ran the risk of losing their position within the company.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=81}} On April 12, the AFL–CIO announced a national boycott of Coors in support of Local 366.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=80}} Around this time, then-company president Jeff Coors, in speaking to the '']'',{{sfn| 1641:

AFL–CIO union tasked with organization at the Golden plant. In September 1988, it was reported that the Teamsters and Coors disagreed on whether a union vote would include only brewery workers (favored by the Teamsters) or an additional 2,000 container workers who were less favorable to unions (favored by Coors). The dispute was at the time being settled by the NLRB.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}} Ultimately, only the brewery workers participated in the union vote.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}}{{refn|group=note|Sources differ on the number of brewery workers at the plant at the time of the vote, with sources claiming 1,500,{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}} 1,600,{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} and 1,700.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}}}} On December 15, 1988, workers at the Golden plant voted against unionizing with the Teamsters.{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} The vote came after 18 months of campaigning, with the final vote being 1,081 against to 413 in favor of unionizing.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} Among the issues presented during the campaign, the Teamsters cited increased wages and pension plans with Teamsters members at Anheuser-Busch as examples of what could happen with a union at Coors. However, Coors rebutted that Anheuser-Busch was larger than Coors and could therefore afford the larger pay and benefits.{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}}

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approved.{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} Additionally, the AFL–CIO and the company claimed that the agreement would make it easier for worker organization efforts at Coors facilities,{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} However, any union vote would be overseen by a third party such as the ] rather than the ] (NLRB).{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} Shortly after the agreement, the ] (IAM) announced their intent to start organizing drives at both the Elkton and Golden facilities, while the ] (IUOE) and the ] (UAW) also expressed interest in organizing Coors workers. An AFL–CIO representative at the time of the announcement claimed that it was "arguably the biggest victory in my time at the federation, and that covers 18 years",{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} while AFL–CIO president ] called the boycott "a complete success, a resounding success"{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} and commented on the "more positive approach taken by (the new) management" at Coors.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}} However, some union members criticized the agreement, as Coors did not guarantee a union contract.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} At the time, union membership in the United States had been on the decline, with activist and writer ] stating, "Organized labor has been in such desperate straits that the Coors settlement has been perceived as a victory – even though the workers at Coors are still without a union."{{sfn|Tasini|1988}}

1566:.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1987}} Among the concessions, the company agreed to use union workers in the construction of their new facility in ].{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} This had been a point of contention that prevented the February agreement from being approved.{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} Additionally, the AFL–CIO and the company claimed that the agreement would make it easier for worker organization efforts at Coors facilities,{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} However, any union vote would be overseen by a third party such as the ] rather than the ] (NLRB).{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} Shortly after the agreement, the ] (IAM) announced their intent to start organizing drives at both the Elkton and Golden facilities, while the ] (IUOE) and the ] (UAW) also expressed interest in organizing Coors workers. An AFL–CIO representative at the time of the announcement claimed that it was "arguably the biggest victory in my time at the federation, and that covers 18 years",{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} while AFL–CIO president ] called the boycott "a complete success, a resounding success"{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} and commented on the "more positive approach taken by (the new) management" at Coors.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}} However, some union members criticized the agreement, as Coors did not guarantee 1433:

boycott.{{sfn|Ivins|1979}} Additionally, in the following years, protestors began targeting the ], a Colorado-based ] sponsored by Coors.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} Around 1984, the ] (a non-AFL–CIO union with approximately 2 million members at the time,{{sfn|McDevitt|2015}} making it the largest labor union in the United States{{sfn|Tasini|1988}}) voted to support the boycott.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} That same year, the ] also launched a boycott due in part to Joseph Coors' opposition to the ],{{sfn|Richter|1987}} and with Coors' expansion into ], students at the ] voted to ban the beer from the college.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} Around this time, however, Coors began reaching out to groups that had threatened to boycott. In October 1987, the company signed a $ 325 million agreement with a coalition consisting of the ] and ], two African American activist organizations. An additional $ 300 million agreement was made with the Hispanic group ], with the company agreeing to do more business with minority businesses and contractors and hire more minority workers, among other things. As a result of the agreements, the NAACP ended their threats to boycott Coors.{{sfn|Peterson|1984}} The agreements also helped the company's relationship with groups including the ] and the ].{{sfn|Richter|1987}}

1066:].{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} Around this time, president Allan Baird of ] Local 921, which had organized Coors ] workers in ], worked with activist Howard Wallace (an openly gay ] and Teamsters member{{sfn|Kelly|2019}}) to organize a largescale boycott in the ],{{sfn|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}} leading to numerous ]s refusing to carry Coors products.{{sfn|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}}{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} ] ] was also involved in the boycott and brought it to the attention of ],{{sfn|McDevitt|2015}} a noted gay activist and politician, who met with Baird in 1973 and helped coordinate the boycott, strengthening the alliance between the traditionally conservative Teamsters union and the area's gay community.{{sfn|Shilts|1982|pp=82–83}} Through Milk, the boycott spread throughout the ], the city's ].{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} Milk also encouraged the Teamsters to hire openly gay people and to oppose the ], a ] ] that would have banned LGBT teachers from employment.{{sfn|Kelly|2019}} Activist ] was also involved, and he later claimed that the Bay Area boycott was the first 1054:].{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} Around this time, president Allan Baird of ] Local 921, which had organized Coors ] workers in ], worked with activist Howard Wallace (an openly gay ] and Teamsters member{{sfn|Kelly|2019}}) to organize a largescale boycott in the ],{{sfn|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}} leading to numerous ]s refusing to carry Coors products.{{sfn|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}}{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} ] ] was also involved in the boycott and brought it to the attention of ],{{sfn|McDevitt|2015}} a noted gay activist and politician, who met with Baird in 1973 and helped coordinate the boycott, strengthening the alliance between the traditionally conservative Teamsters union and the area's gay community.{{sfn|Shilts|1982|pp=82–83}} Through Milk, the boycott spread throughout the ], the city's ].{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} Milk also encouraged the Teamsters to hire openly gay people and to oppose the ], a ] ] that would have banned LGBT teachers from employment.{{sfn|Kelly|2019}} Activist ] was also involved, and he later claimed that the Bay Area boycott was the first 4474:

plant. In late 1987, the Teamsters became an AFL–CIO affiliate. Following this, the Teamsters were the AFL–CIO union tasked with the organization at the Golden plant. In September 1988, it was reported that the Teamsters and Coors disagreed on whether a union vote would include only brewery workers (favored by the Teamsters), or an additional 2,000 container workers who were less favorable to unions (favored by Coors). The dispute was at the time being settled by the NLRB. Ultimately, only the brewery workers participated in the union vote. On December 15, 1988, workers at the Golden plant voted against unionizing with the Teamsters. The vote came after 18 months of campaigning, with the final vote being 1,081 against to 413 in favor of unionizing. Among the issues presented during the campaign, the Teamsters cited increased wages and pension plans with Teamsters members at Anheuser-Busch as examples of what could happen with a union at Coors. However, Coors rebutted that Anheuser-Busch was larger than Coors and could therefore afford the larger pay and benefits.

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1500:.{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1986}} By 1987, Coors had expanded its market to include 47 states, and it was the only brewery among the top 15 in the nation that was not unionized.{{sfn|Prial|1987}} In February of that year, during a speech given by William Coors at the ] in ], approximately 200 ] students ] the executive and his company.{{sfn|Grossman|1987}} That same month, Coors expanded their market to include ] and ], with the AFL–CIO organizing a regional boycott. However, at the time, the non-AFL–CIO affiliated Teamsters were not part of the boycott, instead focusing on organizing the workers at a Coors brewery in ].{{sfn|Prial|1987}} In March, a scuffle broke out at the ] in ] between union members and Coors wholesalers during an event held by company representatives who were publicizing Coors' expansion into the state.{{sfn|Richter|1987}} 1673:

the plant at the time of the vote, with sources claiming 1,500,{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}} 1,600,{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} and 1,700.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}}}} On December 15, 1988, workers at the Golden plant voted against unionizing with the Teamsters.{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} The vote came after 18 months of campaigning, with the final vote being 1,081 against to 413 in favor of unionizing.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}} Among the issues presented during the campaign, the Teamsters cited increased wages and pension plans with Teamsters members at Anheuser-Busch as examples of what could happen with a union at Coors. However, Coors rebutted that Anheuser-Busch was larger than Coors and could therefore afford the larger pay and benefits.{{sfn|Kelleher|Reid|1988}}{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}}

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the application (specifically regarding "subversive, revolutionary or communist activities"),{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} and a question that read, "Is there anything in your personal life that might tend to discredit or embarrass this company if it were known?"{{sfn|Wins|1978}} Multiple sources also reported that applicants were asked about their ].{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=80}}{{sfn|Hsiao|1998}}{{sfn|McDevitt|2015}} While critics of the testing alleged that the company used the information collected to prevent people from being hired based on political affiliations or sexuality, the company denied this.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=80}} According to William Coors, approximately 45 percent of applicants failed the polygraph testing, primarily with regards to questions over drug use.{{sfn|Richter|1987}}

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harvested by non-union farmers to markets.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} In 1969, 43 students at ] protested Coors by blocking people at a local pub from ordering Coors beer. 15 of the students were arrested, and the college later filed a ] against the protestors. The same year, the boycott grew nationwide, with the national chapter of the American GI Forum instituting a boycott against Coors. This action was supported by several other national organizations representing Hispanics and Mexican Americans,{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} including the ] and the ].{{sfn|Jimenez|1976}} Representatives from the American GI Forum had several meetings with William Coors during this time to address the issues they were protesting, but the discussions proved fruitless.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}}

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Times''|1978}} approximately 1,500{{refn|group=note|One source gives this number as approximately 1,400.{{sfn|Crisman|1978}} A 1988 article in '']'' gives a specific number of 1,472.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}}}} union members began a strike action against the company with a mass ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} However, the next day, the company sent letters to the striking employees saying that they would hire ]s if necessary and that, if the striking worker were replaced, they ran the risk of losing their position within the company.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=81}} On April 12, the AFL–CIO announced a national boycott of Coors in support of Local 366.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=80}} Around this time, then-company president Jeff Coors, in speaking to the '']'',{{sfn|

3773: 1355:, Coors began pushing for the union shop rule at the brewery to be revoked, which was strongly opposed by the strikers. According to a company official, Coors "didn't believe non-strikers should be forced to join the union or that people should be forced to pay union dues to support the boycott".{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} Within several weeks from the start of the strike, hundreds of strikebreakers had been hired and many strikers had returned to work.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=81}} Soon, the main issues of the strike concerned keeping the union shop rule and pushing for the rehiring of strikers. By early 1978, Coors was seeking a vote on whether to ], and, after agreeing to pay $ 254,000 in back pay, the 719:

sales. Its product was notable at the time for being one of the few beers created in the United States not to be ], which required the beer to be constantly refrigerated to prevent ].{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}}{{sfn|Jimenez|1976}} The company was also notable for only selling its products in 11 states in the ], as opposed to the national distribution of its main competitors: ], the ], and the ].{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} This limited market area led to considerable ] of the product to the ].{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} ] activities at the brewery began in the 1930s,{{refn|group=note|A 1978 report by the ] claimed that the company had had a union presence for 42 years at that time,

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3974: 4253:. In a vote held that December, the union shop was kept, with 92 percent voting in favor. On March 1 of the following year, the labor contract between Coors and the local expired, and ensuing negotiations on a new contract were bogged down by disagreements between the two. The disagreements were not related to pay but instead concerned the company's grounds for dismissal and their use of polygraph testing for applicants. Additionally, the company had wanted to change policies regarding seniority rights, which the union opposed. On April 5, 1977, approximately 1,500 union members began a strike action against the company with a mass 2534:* {{Cite news|last=Lichtenstein|first=Grace|date=December 28, 1975|title=Sold only in the West, Coors beer is smuggled to the East. Henry Kissinger drinks it. So does Paul Newman, though he would abhor the Coors family's politics.|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/28/archives/article-4-no-title-sold-only-in-the-west-coors-beer-is-smuggled-to.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015827/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/28/archives/article-4-no-title-sold-only-in-the-west-coors-beer-is-smuggled-to.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} 811:

early 1970s, Joseph served as a member of the ], during which time he took a hardline stance against ].{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} He also opposed the creation of a chapter of the United Mexican American Students on campus, as well as the creation of ] regarding ].{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} Contemporary regents, from both the ] and ] Parties, criticized Coors' actions as regent. In 1974, he was nominated by ] ] to the ] for the ]. However, his nomination was later killed by the ], which expressed concerns over potential ] after it was revealed that he had donated money to the ].{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} Joseph later

2541:* {{Cite news|last=Lichtenstein|first=Grace|date=December 28, 1975|title=Sold only in the West, Coors beer is smuggled to the East. Henry Kissinger drinks it. So does Paul Newman, though he would abhor the Coors family's politics.|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/28/archives/article-4-no-title-sold-only-in-the-west-coors-beer-is-smuggled-to.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015827/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/28/archives/article-4-no-title-sold-only-in-the-west-coors-beer-is-smuggled-to.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} 787:

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community.{{sfn|Hsiao|1998}} At the time, Coors was trying to make inroads into the LGBT community by increasing advertisements targeting the community (several of which highlighted the fact that the company offered ] to workers{{sfn|Mirken|2001}}) and donating to events such as ]s. However, individuals within the community criticized the company's past and the Coors family's continued support for right-wing politics.{{sfn|Hsiao|1998}}{{sfn|Mirken|2001}} As a representative for ] stated in that ''Village Voice'' article, "The change in employee practices is important. But meanwhile

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total employees at Coors, with only 27 of the 1,330 employees in 1968 being Mexican Americans (approximately 2 percent of Coors' total workforce). Additionally, many of the jobs held by Hispanic employees at Coors were menial labor positions.{{sfn|Jimenez|1976}} Women also constituted a very small portion of Coors' workforce, with only 56 women (44 of whom were ]) working for the company in 1967.{{sfn|Brantley|2021a}} In August 1970, the Colorado Civil Rights Commission found the company guilty of firing a worker due to his race.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} The commission

3513: 2303:* {{Cite news|last=Dewar|first=Helen|author-link=Helen Dewar|date=January 22, 1979|title=Coors Flattens Brewery Workers Union, Battles Boycott|work=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/01/22/coors-flattens-brewery-workers-union-battles-boycott/ad008649-2393-4e3a-bd21-597d332158e2/|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604125720/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/01/22/coors-flattens-brewery-workers-union-battles-boycott/ad008649-2393-4e3a-bd21-597d332158e2/|archive-date=June 4, 2021}} 2856:* {{Cite journal|date=March 20, 1978|title=Coors Boycott Coordinator Expresses Appreciation|url=https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/ufwarchives/DebbieMillerArchive/UFW%20Presidents%20Newsletter%201978/March%2020,%201978.pdf|journal=President's Newsletter|publisher=]|volume=1|issue=20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318002643/https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/ufwarchives/DebbieMillerArchive/UFW%20Presidents%20Newsletter%201978/March%2020,%201978.pdf|archive-date=March 18, 2015|ref={{harvid|President's Newsletter|1978}}}} 2849:* {{Cite journal|date=March 20, 1978|title=Coors Boycott Coordinator Expresses Appreciation|url=https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/ufwarchives/DebbieMillerArchive/UFW%20Presidents%20Newsletter%201978/March%2020,%201978.pdf|journal=President's Newsletter|publisher=]|volume=1|issue=20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318002643/https://libraries.ucsd.edu/farmworkermovement/ufwarchives/DebbieMillerArchive/UFW%20Presidents%20Newsletter%201978/March%2020,%201978.pdf|archive-date=March 18, 2015|ref={{harvid|President's Newsletter|1978}}}} 1484:

students ] the executive and his company.{{sfn|Grossman|1987}} That same month, Coors expanded their market to include ] and ], with the AFL–CIO organizing a regional boycott. However, at the time, the non-AFL–CIO affiliated Teamsters were not part of the boycott, instead focusing on organizing the workers at a Coors brewery in ].{{sfn|Prial|1987}} In March, a scuffle broke out at the ] in ] between union members and Coors wholesalers during an event held by company representatives who were publicizing Coors' expansion into the state.{{sfn|Richter|1987}}

2386:* {{Cite news|last=Ivins|first=Molly|author-link=Molly Ivins|date=May 28, 1979|title=Union at Coors May Be Broken But It Hasn't Halted Its Boycott|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/28/archives/union-at-coors-may-be-broken-but-it-hasnt-halted-its-boycott-end-of.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820221759/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/28/archives/union-at-coors-may-be-broken-but-it-hasnt-halted-its-boycott-end-of.html?login=email|archive-date=August 20, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} 2393:* {{Cite news|last=Ivins|first=Molly|author-link=Molly Ivins|date=May 28, 1979|title=Union at Coors May Be Broken But It Hasn't Halted Its Boycott|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/28/archives/union-at-coors-may-be-broken-but-it-hasnt-halted-its-boycott-end-of.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820221759/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/28/archives/union-at-coors-may-be-broken-but-it-hasnt-halted-its-boycott-end-of.html?login=email|archive-date=August 20, 2020|issn=0362-4331}} 1711:

Colorado, there was a similar drop from 47 percent in 1977 to 24 percent in 1984.{{sfn|Richter|1987}} In 1987 the ''Los Angeles Times'' claimed that "Coors officers have conceded that the boycott, which was joined over the years by various special-interest groups opposed to the outspoken political conservatism of Coors family patriarch Joseph Coors, had damaged its main market areas in the West and its drive for nationwide sales".{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} However, these numbers and the impact the boycott had on the decline

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boycott, Pete Coors stated that "the '70s and early '80s were not a stellar time for the company".{{sfn|Brantley|2021a}} The decrease in market share in Coors' limited market area may have contributed to the company's decision to expand nationwide, with the company having a presence in every state except ] by 1988.{{sfn|Richter|1987}} This is compared to the company's stance in 1975 when a company representative claimed there were no plans at the time to expand to the eastern United States.{{Sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}}

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December 13 to 14,{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} while a 1991 book by ] gives the vote dates as December 14 and 15.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=81}} The ] reported on the "nofficial returns" in the voting tally as happening on the night of December 14.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}}}} only 500 of the initial 1,500 strikers were still on strike.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} The ] reported on December 14 that workers had voted 993 to 408 to decertify Brewery Workers Local 366, bringing an end to the strike.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}}

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2969:* {{Cite news|date=December 15, 1978|title=Around the Nation|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/15/archives/around-the-nation-workers-at-coors-brewery-vote-to-eject-striking.html|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307075156/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/15/archives/around-the-nation-workers-at-coors-brewery-vote-to-eject-striking.html|archive-date=March 7, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1978}}}} 3909:. Specifically, they cited the fact that Hispanic workers constituted only a small fraction of the total employees at Coors, with only 27 of the 1,330 employees in 1968 being Mexican Americans (approximately 2 percent of Coors' total workforce, compared to 15-20% of the population statewide). Additionally, many of the jobs held by Hispanic employees at Coors were menial labor positions. Women also constituted a very small portion of Coors' workforce, with only 56 women (44 of whom were 2976:* {{Cite news|date=December 15, 1978|title=Around the Nation|language=en-US|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/15/archives/around-the-nation-workers-at-coors-brewery-vote-to-eject-striking.html|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307075156/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/15/archives/around-the-nation-workers-at-coors-brewery-vote-to-eject-striking.html|archive-date=March 7, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1978}}}} 2865:* {{Cite news|last=Prial|first=Frank J.|author-link=Frank J. Prial|date=March 9, 1987|title=Union Boycott of Coors Extended to New York|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/09/nyregion/union-boycott-of-coors-extended-to-new-york.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103221514/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/09/nyregion/union-boycott-of-coors-extended-to-new-york.html|archive-date=November 3, 2017|issn=0362-4331}} 2985:* {{Cite news|date=April 2, 1983|title=Coors Tries to Conquer Southeast Beer Market|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/02/business/coors-tries-to-conquer-southeast-beer-market.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214053458/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/02/business/coors-tries-to-conquer-southeast-beer-market.html|archive-date=February 14, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1983}}}} 2872:* {{Cite news|last=Prial|first=Frank J.|author-link=Frank J. Prial|date=March 9, 1987|title=Union Boycott of Coors Extended to New York|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/09/nyregion/union-boycott-of-coors-extended-to-new-york.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103221514/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/09/nyregion/union-boycott-of-coors-extended-to-new-york.html|archive-date=November 3, 2017|issn=0362-4331}} 2992:* {{Cite news|date=April 2, 1983|title=Coors Tries to Conquer Southeast Beer Market|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/02/business/coors-tries-to-conquer-southeast-beer-market.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214053458/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/02/business/coors-tries-to-conquer-southeast-beer-market.html|archive-date=February 14, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1983}}}} 3622:. The company initiated a vote the following year over whether the local union would be dissolved, with a majority of workers voting to dissolve Brewery Workers Local 366. Despite this, the AFL–CIO continued their boycott. By the 1980s, Coors began making deals with several minority groups to do more business with minority companies and hire more minority workers. Despite this, the boycott continued and expanded to include numerous other groups, such as the 3001:* {{Cite news|date=August 20, 1987|title=A.F.L.-C.I.O. Agrees to End Boycott of Coors|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/20/us/afl-cio-agrees-to-end-boycott-of-coors.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104222121/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/20/us/afl-cio-agrees-to-end-boycott-of-coors.html|archive-date=November 4, 2017|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1987}}}} 2840:* {{Cite news|last=Peterson|first=Iver|date=December 2, 1984|title=Making Big Business a Threat it Can't Refuse|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/02/weekinreview/making-big-business-a-threat-it-can-t-refuse.html|access-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130085456/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/02/weekinreview/making-big-business-a-threat-it-can-t-refuse.html|archive-date=January 30, 2018|issn=0362-4331}} 2597:

counter-offensive against the right|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/the-coors-boycott-the-lgbt-movement-and-the-peoples-counter-offensive-against-the-right/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122154300/https://www.liberationnews.org/the-coors-boycott-the-lgbt-movement-and-the-peoples-counter-offensive-against-the-right/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=Liberation News|publisher=]|language=en-US}}

2586:

2377:* {{Cite web|date=June 2, 2017|title=Teamsters Pride At Work: A Look Back At The Coors Boycott|url=https://teamster.org/2017/06/teamsters-pride-work-look-back-coors-boycott/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128012342/https://teamster.org/2017/06/teamsters-pride-work-look-back-coors-boycott/|archive-date=January 28, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en|ref={{harvid|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}}}} 2370:* {{Cite web|date=June 2, 2017|title=Teamsters Pride At Work: A Look Back At The Coors Boycott|url=https://teamster.org/2017/06/teamsters-pride-work-look-back-coors-boycott/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128012342/https://teamster.org/2017/06/teamsters-pride-work-look-back-coors-boycott/|archive-date=January 28, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en|ref={{harvid|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}}}} 2028:=B. Erin|last2=Brantley|first2=Allyson|date=October 3, 2014|title=The Coors Boycott: When A Beer Can Signaled Your Politics|url=https://www.cpr.org/2014/10/03/the-coors-boycott-when-a-beer-can-signaled-your-politics/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320145306/https://www.cpr.org/2014/10/03/the-coors-boycott-when-a-beer-can-signaled-your-politics/|archive-date=March 20, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 2013:=B. Erin|last2=Brantley|first2=Allyson|date=October 3, 2014|title=The Coors Boycott: When A Beer Can Signaled Your Politics|url=https://www.cpr.org/2014/10/03/the-coors-boycott-when-a-beer-can-signaled-your-politics/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320145306/https://www.cpr.org/2014/10/03/the-coors-boycott-when-a-beer-can-signaled-your-politics/|archive-date=March 20, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 2441:* {{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Cleve|author-link=Cleve Jones|date=March 15, 2009|title=What Would Harvey Milk Say About President Clinton's Speech at the Manchester Hyatt?|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-would-harvey-milk-sa_b_166489|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606031023/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-would-harvey-milk-sa_b_166489|archive-date=June 6, 2021|access-date=June 6, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 2434:* {{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Cleve|author-link=Cleve Jones|date=March 15, 2009|title=What Would Harvey Milk Say About President Clinton's Speech at the Manchester Hyatt?|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-would-harvey-milk-sa_b_166489|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606031023/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-would-harvey-milk-sa_b_166489|archive-date=June 6, 2021|access-date=June 6, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 2518:* {{Cite news|last=Knudson|first=Thomas J.|author-link=Tom Knudson|date=September 7, 1987|title=Labor Truce Welcomed at Coors Base|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/07/us/labor-truce-welcomed-at-coors-base.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105182745/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/07/us/labor-truce-welcomed-at-coors-base.html|archive-date=November 5, 2017|issn=0362-4331}} 2509:* {{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Kim|date=June 7, 2019|title=How LGBTQ Union Activists Transformed the Labor Movement|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lgbtq-union-activists-transformed-the-labor-movement|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321031131/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lgbtq-union-activists-transformed-the-labor-movement|archive-date=March 21, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|publisher=]|language=en-US}} 2502:* {{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Kim|date=June 7, 2019|title=How LGBTQ Union Activists Transformed the Labor Movement|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lgbtq-union-activists-transformed-the-labor-movement|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321031131/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lgbtq-union-activists-transformed-the-labor-movement|archive-date=March 21, 2021|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|publisher=]|language=en-US}} 3008:* {{Cite news|date=August 20, 1987|title=A.F.L.-C.I.O. Agrees to End Boycott of Coors|language=en-US|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/20/us/afl-cio-agrees-to-end-boycott-of-coors.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104222121/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/20/us/afl-cio-agrees-to-end-boycott-of-coors.html|archive-date=November 4, 2017|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1987}}}} 910:). Additionally, many of the jobs held by Hispanic employees at Coors were menial labor positions.{{sfn|Jimenez|1976}} Women also constituted a very small portion of Coors' workforce, with only 56 women (44 of whom were ]) working for the company in 1967.{{sfn|Brantley|2021a}} In August 1970, the Colorado Civil Rights Commission found the company guilty of firing a worker due to his race.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} The commission ultimately 4246:

anything "which would discourage any person from drinking Coors beer" and "making disparaging remarks about the employer". While the union's president claimed that the labor contract was "pretty lousy", he admitted that the pay and benefits offered by the company were better than most in the industry, and that "s long as they're getting a high wage rate and aren't faced with disciplinary action, their contract doesn't mean much to them".

2525:* {{Cite news|last=Knudson|first=Thomas J.|author-link=Tom Knudson|date=September 7, 1987|title=Labor Truce Welcomed at Coors Base|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/07/us/labor-truce-welcomed-at-coors-base.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105182745/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/07/us/labor-truce-welcomed-at-coors-base.html|archive-date=November 5, 2017|issn=0362-4331}} 3017:* {{Cite news|date=December 17, 1988|title=Coors Workers Reject Teamsters|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/17/us/coors-workers-reject-teamsters.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130100027/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/17/us/coors-workers-reject-teamsters.html|archive-date=January 30, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1988}}}} 2573:* {{Cite news|date=August 19, 1987|title=10-Year Coors Boycott Ends as Unions Win Concessions : Firm OKs Voting at Colo. Plant|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-19-mn-843-story.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409060230/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-19-mn-843-story.html|archive-date=April 9, 2021|ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times|1987}}}} 2566:* {{Cite news|date=August 19, 1987|title=10-Year Coors Boycott Ends as Unions Win Concessions : Firm OKs Voting at Colo. Plant|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-19-mn-843-story.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409060230/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-19-mn-843-story.html|archive-date=April 9, 2021|ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times|1987}}}} 2953:* {{Cite news|last=Tasini|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Tasini|date=January 31, 1988|title=The Beer and The Boycott|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/magazine/the-beer-and-the-boycott.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512233542/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/magazine/the-beer-and-the-boycott.html|archive-date=May 12, 2021|issn=0362-4331}} 2044:* {{Cite web|last=Crisman|first=Robert|date=Winter 1978|title=Coors: Joseph Coors has met the enemy|url=https://socialism.com/fs-article/coors-joseph-coors-has-met-the-enemy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211142920/https://socialism.com/fs-article/coors-joseph-coors-has-met-the-enemy/|archive-date=February 11, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2021|website=Freedom Socialist|publisher=]|language=en-US}} 2037:* {{Cite web|last=Crisman|first=Robert|date=Winter 1978|title=Coors: Joseph Coors has met the enemy|url=https://socialism.com/fs-article/coors-joseph-coors-has-met-the-enemy/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211142920/https://socialism.com/fs-article/coors-joseph-coors-has-met-the-enemy/|archive-date=February 11, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2021|website=Freedom Socialist|publisher=]|language=en-US}} 3641:. Additionally, the boycott may have encouraged the company to expand nationally, as the company expanded its presence from 11 states in 1975 to 49 states by 1988. In the LGBT community, the boycott left a lasting impact, as several groups and activists still object to Coors over the company's past actions and the family's continued support of conservative politics. As late as 2019, Coors beer was difficult to find in any 3024:* {{Cite news|date=December 17, 1988|title=Coors Workers Reject Teamsters|language=en-US|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/17/us/coors-workers-reject-teamsters.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130100027/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/17/us/coors-workers-reject-teamsters.html|archive-date=January 30, 2018|issn=0362-4331|ref={{harvid|The New York Times|1988}}}} 68: 2888:* {{Cite web|last=Richter|first=Paul|date=September 27, 1987|title=Coors' New Brew: Taking Out the Political Aftertaste|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-27-fi-10356-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125203810/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-27-fi-10356-story.html|archive-date=November 25, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2881:* {{Cite web|last=Richter|first=Paul|date=September 27, 1987|title=Coors' New Brew: Taking Out the Political Aftertaste|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-27-fi-10356-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125203810/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-27-fi-10356-story.html|archive-date=November 25, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2960:* {{Cite news|last=Tasini|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Tasini|date=January 31, 1988|title=The Beer and The Boycott|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/magazine/the-beer-and-the-boycott.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512233542/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/magazine/the-beer-and-the-boycott.html|archive-date=May 12, 2021|issn=0362-4331}} 1924:* {{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Dave|date=October 8, 2015|title=Public messaging vs. internal practices|url=https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/public-messaging-vs-internal-practices/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314181036/https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/public-messaging-vs-internal-practices/|archive-date=March 14, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 1917:* {{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Dave|date=October 8, 2015|title=Public messaging vs. internal practices|url=https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/public-messaging-vs-internal-practices/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314181036/https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/public-messaging-vs-internal-practices/|archive-date=March 14, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 3037:

Strike at Coors Brewery|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/12/archives/unions-survival-is-at-stake-in-14month-strike-at-coors-brewery.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210211303/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/12/archives/unions-survival-is-at-stake-in-14month-strike-at-coors-brewery.html|archive-date=December 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}

2944:* {{Cite web|last=Stumbo|first=Bella|date=September 18, 1988|title=Brewing Controversy : Coors Clan: Doing It Their Way|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-18-mn-3400-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406020830/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-18-mn-3400-story.html|archive-date=April 6, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2937:* {{Cite web|last=Stumbo|first=Bella|date=September 18, 1988|title=Brewing Controversy : Coors Clan: Doing It Their Way|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-18-mn-3400-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406020830/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-18-mn-3400-story.html|archive-date=April 6, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2425:* {{Cite web|last=Johnston|first=Oswald|date=August 20, 1987|title=AFL-CIO Ends 10-Year Boycott of Coors Beer|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-20-mn-3659-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605194912/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-20-mn-3659-story.html|archive-date=June 5, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2418:* {{Cite web|last=Johnston|first=Oswald|date=August 20, 1987|title=AFL-CIO Ends 10-Year Boycott of Coors Beer|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-20-mn-3659-story.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605194912/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-08-20-mn-3659-story.html|archive-date=June 5, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 3048:

Strike at Coors Brewery|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/12/archives/unions-survival-is-at-stake-in-14month-strike-at-coors-brewery.html|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210211303/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/06/12/archives/unions-survival-is-at-stake-in-14month-strike-at-coors-brewery.html|archive-date=December 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}

2557:* {{Cite news|date=August 29, 1986|title=Coors to Stop Using Lie Detectors|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-29-mn-14611-story.html|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014256/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-29-mn-14611-story.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020|ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times|1986}}}} 2550:* {{Cite news|date=August 29, 1986|title=Coors to Stop Using Lie Detectors|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-29-mn-14611-story.html|access-date=June 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014256/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-29-mn-14611-story.html|archive-date=November 12, 2020|ref={{harvid|Los Angeles Times|1986}}}} 2361:* {{Cite web|last=Hurt III|first=Harry|author-link=Harry Hurt III|date=March 1976|title=Muscling In On Texas Beer|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/food/muscling-in-on-texas-beer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605211701/https://www.texasmonthly.com/food/muscling-in-on-texas-beer/|archive-date=June 5, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 2354:* {{Cite web|last=Hurt III|first=Harry|author-link=Harry Hurt III|date=March 1976|title=Muscling In On Texas Beer|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/food/muscling-in-on-texas-beer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605211701/https://www.texasmonthly.com/food/muscling-in-on-texas-beer/|archive-date=June 5, 2021|access-date=June 5, 2021|website=]|language=en}} 1716:

4005:, personal debts the individual owed, political affiliations of the application (specifically regarding "subversive, revolutionary or communist activities"), and a question that read, "Is there anything in your personal life that might tend to discredit or embarrass this company if it were known?" Multiple sources also reported that applicants were asked about their 2337:* {{Cite web|last=Grossman|first=Evan O.|date=March 5, 1987|title=Is Coors the One?|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/3/5/is-coors-the-one-pbtbhe-most/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623100318/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/3/5/is-coors-the-one-pbtbhe-most/|archive-date=June 23, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]}} 2330:* {{Cite web|last=Grossman|first=Evan O.|date=March 5, 1987|title=Is Coors the One?|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/3/5/is-coors-the-one-pbtbhe-most/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623100318/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/3/5/is-coors-the-one-pbtbhe-most/|archive-date=June 23, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]}} 1281:}}{{sfn|Hurt III|1976}} While the union's president claimed that the labor contract was "pretty lousy", he admitted that the pay and benefits offered by the company were better than most in the industry, and that "s long as they're getting a high wage rate and aren't faced with disciplinary action, their contract doesn't mean much to them".{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} 1214:}}{{sfn|Hurt III|1976}} While the union's president claimed that the labor contract was "pretty lousy", he admitted that the pay and benefits offered by the company were better than most in the industry, and that "s long as they're getting a high wage rate and aren't faced with disciplinary action, their contract doesn't mean much to them".{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} 2613:* {{Cite web|last=Mirken|first=Bruce|date=July 13, 2001|title=Coors Courts Gays|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/07/coors-courts-gays/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205125649/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/07/coors-courts-gays/|archive-date=December 5, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2606:* {{Cite web|last=Mirken|first=Bruce|date=July 13, 2001|title=Coors Courts Gays|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/07/coors-courts-gays/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205125649/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/07/coors-courts-gays/|archive-date=December 5, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]|language=en-US}} 2904:* {{Cite web|last=Roberts|first=Michael|date=June 27, 2002|title=A Brewing Disagreement|url=https://www.westword.com/news/a-brewing-disagreement-5070883|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201001453/https://www.westword.com/news/a-brewing-disagreement-5070883|archive-date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]}} 2897:* {{Cite web|last=Roberts|first=Michael|date=June 27, 2002|title=A Brewing Disagreement|url=https://www.westword.com/news/a-brewing-disagreement-5070883|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201001453/https://www.westword.com/news/a-brewing-disagreement-5070883|archive-date=December 1, 2020|access-date=June 4, 2021|website=]}} 3547:, United States. Initially local, the boycott started in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s, coinciding with a labor strike at the company's brewery in 1977. The strike ended the following year in failure for the union, which Coors forced to dissolve. The boycott, however, lasted until the mid-1980s, when it was more or less ended. 4009:. While critics of the testing alleged that the company used the information collected to prevent people from being hired based on political affiliations or sexuality, the company denied this. According to William Coors, approximately 45 percent of applicants failed the polygraph testing, primarily with regards to questions over drug use. 4272:

dues to support the boycott". Within several weeks from the start of the strike, hundreds of strikebreakers had been hired, and many strikers had returned to work. Soon, the main issues of the strike concerned keeping the union shop rule and pushing for the rehiring of strikers. By early 1978, Coors was seeking a vote on whether to

1940:* {{Cite book|last=Bellant|first=Russ|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyzsTGPTkOIC|title=The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism|publisher=]|year=1991|isbn=978-0-89608-416-2|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|language=en|author-link=Russ Bellant|via=]}} 1933:* {{Cite book|last=Bellant|first=Russ|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyzsTGPTkOIC|title=The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism|publisher=]|year=1991|isbn=978-0-89608-416-2|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|language=en|author-link=Russ Bellant|via=]}} 4432:. This had been a point of contention that prevented the February agreement from being approved. Additionally, the AFL–CIO and the company claimed that the agreement would make it easier for worker organization efforts at Coors facilities, However, any union vote would be overseen by a third party such as the 4456:

called the boycott "a complete success, a resounding success" and commented on the "more positive approach taken by (the new) management" at Coors. However, some union members criticized the agreement, as Coors did not guarantee a union contract. At the time, union membership in the United States had

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described the unions at Coors as weak, highlighting several failed strikes that had occurred throughout the company's history. At the time, union members reported that working conditions were not ideal, with the most significant point of contention being the 21 causes for firing, which included doing

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the ''Los Angeles Times'' claimed that "Coors officers have conceded that the boycott, which was joined over the years by various special-interest groups opposed to the outspoken political conservatism of Coors family patriarch Joseph Coors, had damaged its main market areas in the West and its drive

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In 1986, the South Dakota Farmers Union announced they would also be boycotting Coors following advertisements Coors released that the union said cast aspersions on local ] farmers.{{sfn|Richter|1987}} That same year, Coors announced they would be ending their use of polygraph testing, which had been

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or ].{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1986}} By 1987, Coors had expanded its market to include 47 states, and it was the only brewery among the top 15 in the nation that was not unionized.{{sfn|Prial|1987}} In February of that year, during a speech given by William Coors at the ] in ], approximately 200 ]

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point of contention among union members at the company, with the union alleging that the questions asked violated privacy and led to discrimination.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} Questions asked during the testing covered topics including the use of ], personal debts the individual owed, political affiliations of

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against the company on two separate occasions in the early 1970s for discriminating against ] workers.{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} A September 1975 complaint filed by the ] (EEOC) alleged that almost all of the African Americans and Mexican Americans at Coors worked in unskilled or semiskilled positions

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brewery, went on strike over noneconomic issues related to, among other things, the company's use of polygraph testing and their 21 grounds for ]. Shortly after the strike started, the ] (the United States' largest federation of labor unions) initiated a nationwide boycott of Coors. The strike lasted

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took over the company's day-to-day operations from his father Joseph and immediately began negotiating with the AFL–CIO on an agreement that would end the boycott. The AFL–CIO rejected Coors' initial offer in February 1987, but on August 19, they announced that they had come to an agreement with the

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Starting in 1966, the Colorado chapter of the ] ] ], along with the ]-based group Crusade for Justice, initiated a ] against Coors due to the company's discrimination against ].{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} Specifically, they cited the fact that Hispanic workers constituted only a small fraction of the

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The ] is a ]-based ] that was founded in 1873 by ] ]. By 1975, it had grown to become the fourth-largest brewing company in the United States, and its brewery in ] was the single largest brewing facility in the world.{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} That year, the company did approximately $ 440 million in

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from over 40 percent to as low as 17 percent in the case of ]. Additionally, the boycott may have encouraged the company to expand nationally, as the company expanded its presence from 11 states in 1975 to 49 states by 1988. In the LGBT community, the boycott left a lasting impact, as several groups

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4334:, with the company agreeing to do more business with minority businesses and contractors and hire more minority workers, among other things. As a result of the agreements, the NAACP ended their threats to boycott Coors. The agreements also helped the company's relationship with groups including the 4271:

Shortly after the strike's start, Coors began pushing for the union shop rule at the brewery to be revoked, which was strongly opposed by the strikers. According to a company official, Coors "didn't believe non-strikers should be forced to join the union or that people should be forced to pay union

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who were less favorable to unions (favored by Coors). The dispute was at the time being settled by the NLRB.{{sfn|Stumbo|1988}} Ultimately, only the brewery workers participated in the union vote.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1988}}{{refn|group=note|Sources differ on the number of brewery workers at

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the Coors family's response to the ]. During the strike and associated boycott, which had been organized by the ], the Coors family supported non-union grape growers, and the Crusade for Justice's newspaper ''El Gallo'' published images reportedly showing Coors trucks being used to transport grapes

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In April 1977, members of ] Local 366, which represented over 1,500 workers at the company's flagship Golden, Colorado brewery, went on strike over noneconomic issues related to, among other things, the company's use of polygraph testing and their 21 grounds for ]. Shortly after the strike started,

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claimed that "Coors officers have conceded that the boycott, which was joined over the years by various special-interest groups opposed to the outspoken political conservatism of Coors family patriarch Joseph Coors, had damaged its main market areas in the West and its drive for nationwide sales".

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that the AFL–CIO saw this as a threat to possible union efforts by the IAM, IUOE, and UAW. As part of the agreement, only AFL–CIO unions would be guaranteed an expedited vote on union representation.{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} Following the agreement, the Teamsters continued their efforts to organize at

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became official.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} By June, it was reported that a majority of strikers had returned to work,{{sfn|Wins|1978}} and by the time of the vote in early December,{{refn|group=note|Sources vary on the exact dates of the vote, with a 1979 article in '']'' stating that voting happened from

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Colorado's Labor Peace Law, Coors demanded a vote amongst brewery workers on whether the brewery would remain a ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} In a vote held that December, the union shop was kept, with 92 percent voting in favor.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} On March 1 of the following year, the labor contract between

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During the boycott, brewery workers at Coors had union representation as members of the ] Local 366, which had existed at the plant since at least a failed strike in 1957.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} A 1975 article in ''The New York Times'' described the unions at Coors as weak, highlighting several

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By 1975, several members of the Coors family held leadership positions in the company, including ] ] and ] ], both grandsons of Adolph's. The family was well known for their support of ] causes, with Joseph in particular described by '']'' as an "ultraconservative zealot". During the late 1960s to

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was criticized for accepting a $ 110,000 donation from Coors, stating that, at the time, the boycott was still active in the LGBT community. At the time, Coors was trying to make inroads into the LGBT community by increasing advertisements targeting the community (several of which highlighted the

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and Anheuser-Busch. Speaking later about the boycott, Pete Coors stated that "the '70s and early '80s were not a stellar time for the company". The decrease in market share in Coors' limited market area may have contributed to the company's decision to expand nationwide, with the company having a

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reported that the AFL–CIO saw this as a threat to possible union efforts by the IAM, IUOE, and UAW. As part of the agreement, only AFL–CIO unions would be guaranteed an expedited vote on union representation. Following the agreement, the Teamsters continued their efforts to organize at the Golden

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announced that they were ending their boycott, with the GI Forum stating that there had been "some improvement" from the company. However, despite the decertification vote, the AFL–CIO stated their intent to continue their nationwide boycott. Additionally, in the following years, protestors began

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a union contract.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} At the time, union membership in the United States had been on the decline, with activist and writer ] stating, "Organized labor has been in such desperate straits that the Coors settlement has been perceived as a victory – even though the workers at Coors are

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find Coors in a gay bar in San Francisco",{{sfn|Kelly|2019}} a claim backed up by a 2017 article by the Teamsters on the impact of the boycott.{{sfn|International Brotherhood of Teamsters|2017}} A 2014 article published by ] stated that "grudges against Coors continue" among groups that had been

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In 1979, both the American GI Forum and the California-based ] announced that they were ending their boycott, with the GI Forum stating that there had been "some improvement" from the company. However, despite the decertification vote, the AFL–CIO stated their intent to continue their nationwide

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disputed by Coors representatives. A company representative in 1983 claimed that, while the boycott hurt sales in California, the overall decline in sales during this time was due to increased competition from the ] and Anheuser-Busch.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1983}} Speaking later about the

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The strike and boycotts had a considerable impact on Coors, with ] stating that they "effectively helped stunt the company's growth".{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} In the late 1970s, the company's ] in California had dropped from a high of over 40 percent to just 14 percent. In the company's home state of

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Despite the company's claims, Coors became known throughout the ] for its ] practices, and by 1973, the boycott had expanded to include members of that community.{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} The LGBT community also began to forge an alliance against Coors with local unions, who resented the company's

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an expedited vote on union representation.{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} Following the agreement, the Teamsters continued their efforts to organize at the Golden plant.{{sfn|Knudson|1987}} In late 1987, the Teamsters became an AFL–CIO affiliate.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} Following this, the Teamsters were the

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day-to-day operations from his father Joseph and immediately began negotiating with the AFL–CIO on an agreement that would end the boycott. The AFL–CIO rejected Coors' initial offer in February 1987, but on August 19, they announced that they had come to an agreement with the company and would

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still trying to kill us. For anyone in the gay community to do business with Coors is suicidal."{{sfn|Hsiao|1998}} In 2002, the LGBT newspaper '']'' was criticized for refusing to run an ad submitted by the LGBT committee of the ] that criticized Coors and contended that the boycott was still

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the following year over whether the local union would be dissolved, with a majority of workers voting to dissolve Brewery Workers Local 366. Despite this, the AFL–CIO continued their boycott. By the 1980s, Coors began making deals with several minority groups to do more business with minority

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start, Coors began pushing for the union shop rule at the brewery to be revoked, which was strongly opposed by the strikers. According to a company official, Coors "didn't believe non-strikers should be forced to join the union or that people should be forced to pay union dues to support the

1376:

and many strikers had returned to work.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=81}} Soon, the main issues of the strike concerned keeping the union shop rule and pushing for the rehiring of strikers. By early 1978, Coors was seeking a vote on whether to ], and, after agreeing to pay $ 254,000 in back pay, the

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but instead concerned the company's grounds for dismissal and their use of polygraph testing for applicants.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} Additionally, the company had wanted to change policies regarding seniority rights, which the union opposed.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} On April 5, 1977,{{sfn|''The New York

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However, these numbers and the impact the boycott had on the decline are disputed by Coors representatives. A company representative in 1983 claimed that, while the boycott hurt sales in California, the overall decline in sales during this time was due to increased competition from the

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if necessary and that, if the striking worker were replaced, they ran the risk of losing their position within the company. On April 12, the AFL–CIO announced a national boycott of Coors in support of Local 366. Around this time, then-company president Jeff Coors, in speaking to the

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against the protestors. The same year, the boycott grew nationwide, with the national chapter of the American GI Forum instituting a boycott against Coors. This action was supported by several other national organizations representing Hispanics and Mexican Americans, including the

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In the years after the boycott ended, the relationship between Coors and the LGBT community remained frayed. In a 1998 article from the ] '']'', the ] was criticized for accepting a $ 110,000 donation from Coors, stating that, at the time, the boycott was still active in the LGBT

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their boycott.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1987}} Among the concessions, the company agreed to use union workers in the construction of their new facility in ].{{sfn|''Los Angeles Times''|1987}} This had been a point of contention that prevented the February agreement from being

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Coors strike|side1=] Local 366|side2=]|date=April 5, 1977 – December 14, 1978{{refn|group=note|End date represents the date that brewery workers voted to decertify the local union.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}}{{sfn|Dewar|1979}}}}<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and

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the ] (the United States' largest federation of labor unions) initiated a nationwide boycott of Coors. The strike lasted for over 20 months, during which time a majority of the union members went back to work without a contract after the company began replacing strikers with ].

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The boycott began in 1966 as a regional affair coordinated by the Colorado chapter of the ] and the Denver-based Crusade for Justice. These two ] groups initiated a boycott due to the Coors Brewing Company discriminatory practices that targeted Hispanics and ]. Additionally,

3913:) working for the company in 1967. In August 1970, the Colorado Civil Rights Commission found the company guilty of firing a worker due to his race. The commission ultimately ruled against the company on two separate occasions in the early 1970s for discriminating against 1557:

from his father Joseph and immediately began negotiating with the AFL–CIO on an agreement that would end the boycott. The AFL–CIO rejected Coors' initial offer in February 1987, but on August 19, they announced that they had come to an agreement with the company and would

3618:(the United States' largest federation of labor unions) initiated a nationwide boycott of Coors. The strike lasted for over 20 months, during which time a majority of the union members went back to work without a contract after the company began replacing strikers with 3100:* {{Cite book|last=Brantley|first=Allyson P.|title=Brewing a Boycott: How a Grassroots Coalition Fought Coors and Remade American Consumer Activism|publisher=]|year=2021b|isbn=978-1-4696-6103-2|location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina|jstor=10.5149/9781469661056_brantley}} 3093:* {{Cite book|last=Brantley|first=Allyson P.|title=Brewing a Boycott: How a Grassroots Coalition Fought Coors and Remade American Consumer Activism|publisher=]|year=2021b|isbn=978-1-4696-6103-2|location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina|jstor=10.5149/9781469661056_brantley}} 153: 4276:, and, after agreeing to pay $ 254,000 in back pay, the ballot became official. By June, it was reported that a majority of strikers had returned to work, and by the time of the vote in early December, only 500 of the initial 1,500 strikers were still on strike. The 514:

companies and hire more minority workers. Despite this, the boycott continued and expanded to include numerous other groups, such as the ] and the ]. However, in August 1987, the AFL–CIO agreed to end the boycott, with Coors making several concessions that included

4059:, a noted gay activist and politician, who met with Baird in 1973 and helped coordinate the boycott, strengthening the alliance between the traditionally conservative Teamsters union and the area's gay community. Through Milk, the boycott spread throughout the 1492:

one of the main issues between the company and union. The replacement screening process would involve a partnership with the firm ], with a company representative stating that the screening process would still allow the company to find if applicants were ] or

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and that almost all of the women were employed in either office or service positions, or as ]s.{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} That month, the EEOC filed a ] against the company with the ], with the company settling out of court in 1977.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|p=66}}

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Another point of contention between the company and protestors involved the use of ] tests on job applicants, a process that the company had implemented following the ].{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}} These tests, conducted during the applicant's ], were a

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hire more minority workers. Despite this, the boycott continued and expanded to include numerous other groups, such as the ] and the ]. However, in August 1987, the AFL–CIO agreed to end the boycott, with Coors making several concessions that included

60: 6537: 4452:(UAW) also expressed interest in organizing Coors workers. An AFL–CIO representative at the time of the announcement claimed that it was "arguably the biggest victory in my time at the federation, and that covers 18 years", while AFL–CIO president 2928:* {{Cite book|last=Shilts|first=Randy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_2f521UkFIC|title=The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk|publisher=]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-312-56085-0|language=en|author-link=Randy Shilts|via=]}} 4001:, were a significant point of contention among union members at the company, with the union alleging that the questions asked violated privacy and led to discrimination. Questions asked during the testing covered topics including the use of 4361:

farmers. That same year, Coors announced they would be ending their use of polygraph testing, which had been one of the main issues between the company and union. The replacement screening process would involve a partnership with the firm

3127:* {{Cite book|last=Weir|first=Robert E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnJ7PmAyi_MC|title=Workers in America: A Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-59884-719-2|volume=1: A-L|pages=83–87|chapter=Brewery Workers}} 1424:

hire more minority workers, among other things. As a result of the agreements, the NAACP ended their threats to boycott Coors.{{sfn|Peterson|1984}} The agreements also helped the company's relationship with groups including the ] and the

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Local 366, which represented over 1,500 workers at the company's flagship Golden, Colorado brewery, went on strike over noneconomic issues related to, among other things, the company's use of polygraph testing and their 21 grounds for

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voted to ban the beer from the college. Around this time, however, Coors began reaching out to groups that had threatened to boycott. In October 1987, the company signed a $ 325 million agreement with a coalition consisting of the

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a troubled relationship with organized labor, with the ] claiming that the company had destroyed 19 different unions at their facilities, including ]s representing ]s, ]s, and ]s, among other groups.{{sfn|Bellant|1991|pp=80–81}}

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was the single largest brewing facility in the world. That year, the company did approximately $ 440 million in sales. Its product was notable at the time for being one of the few beers created in the United States not to be

3921:(EEOC) alleged that almost all of the African Americans and Mexican Americans at Coors worked in unskilled or semiskilled positions and that almost all of the women were employed in either office or service positions, or as 1070:

ever instance of collaboration between labor unions and the ].{{sfn|Jones|2009}} Activist ] later claimed that the boycott was "perhaps one of the first major public demonstrations of the links between class and sexual

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4374:. By 1987, Coors had expanded its market to include 47 states, and it was the only brewery among the top 15 in the nation that was not unionized. In February of that year, during a speech given by William Coors at the 6126: 1277:

point of contention being the 21 causes for firing, which included doing anything "which would discourage any person from drinking Coors beer" and "making disparaging remarks about the employer".{{sfn|Lichtenstein|

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union labor to build a new facility in ] and an agreement to an expedited union vote at its Golden facility. In December 1988, workers at the Golden brewery voted against unionizing by a margin of over 2 to

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article, "The change in employee practices is important. But meanwhile they're still trying to kill us. For anyone in the gay community to do business with Coors is suicidal." In 2002, the LGBT newspaper

4398:, with the AFL–CIO organizing a regional boycott. However, at the time, the non-AFL–CIO affiliated Teamsters were not part of the boycott, instead focusing on organizing the workers at a Coors brewery in 4490:

in California had dropped from a high of over 40 percent to just 14 percent. In the company's home state of Colorado, there was a similar drop from 47 percent in 1977 to 24 percent in 1984. In 1987, the

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year of 1934.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}}}} when ] (who had succeeded his father as chief of the company) invited a ] to organize at the location.{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} However, in the following decades, the company

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practices, and by 1973, the boycott had expanded to include members of that community. The LGBT community also began to forge an alliance against Coors with local unions, who resented the company's

6761: 6022: 2485:=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/17/teamsters-defeated-at-coors/49b39089-df40-4764-a048-dcbb0a1b8f4b/|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 2462:=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/17/teamsters-defeated-at-coors/49b39089-df40-4764-a048-dcbb0a1b8f4b/|access-date=June 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 679:

1936 when union representation began.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}} However, a 1979 article in '']'' claimed that a union had been invited to organize at the brewery 45 years prior, giving

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commented that "to this day, you can't find Coors in a gay bar in San Francisco", a claim backed up by a 2017 article by the Teamsters on the impact of the boycott. A 2014 article published by

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organization at the Golden plant. In September 1988, it was reported that the Teamsters and Coors disagreed on whether a union vote would include only brewery workers (favored by the Teamsters)

6345: 357:

started in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s, coinciding with a labor strike at the company's brewery in 1977. The strike ended the following year in failure for the union, which

15: 6494: 727:

when union representation began.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1978}} However, a 1979 article in '']'' claimed that a union had been invited to organize at the brewery 45 years prior, giving

2321:* {{Cite journal|last=Gold|first=Tami|author-link=Tami Gold|date=Winter 1999|title=Making out at Work|journal=]|publisher=]|volume=17|issue=61|pages=89–110|issn=0164-2472|jstor=488681}} 2314:* {{Cite journal|last=Gold|first=Tami|author-link=Tami Gold|date=Winter 1999|title=Making out at Work|journal=]|publisher=]|volume=17|issue=61|pages=89–110|issn=0164-2472|jstor=488681}} 5526: 5430: 3965:. Representatives from the American GI Forum had several meetings with William Coors during this time to address the issues they were protesting, but the discussions proved fruitless. 3637:

The strike and boycott had a direct economic impact on Coors. The company's market share in several western states dropped from over 40 percent to as low as 17 percent in the case of

4461:

stating, "Organized labor has been in such desperate straits that the Coors settlement has been perceived as a victory – even though the workers at Coors are still without a union."

3116:* {{Cite book|last=Frank|first=Miriam|title=Out in the Union: A Labor History of Queer America|publisher=]|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4399-1139-6|location=Philadelphia|jstor=j.ctt14bsx3t}} 3109:* {{Cite book|last=Frank|first=Miriam|title=Out in the Union: A Labor History of Queer America|publisher=]|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4399-1139-6|location=Philadelphia|jstor=j.ctt14bsx3t}} 1311:

Coors and the local expired, and ensuing negotiations on a new contract were bogged down by disagreements between the two.{{sfn|Wins|1978}} The disagreements were not related to pay

290:

Newsletter|1978|ps=: "The purpose of this letter is to express our gratitude to you for your excellent support and activities on behalf of the Coors Strike and Boycott."}} refers to

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the Golden plant.{{sfn|Knudson|1987}} In late 1987, the Teamsters became an AFL–CIO affiliate.{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} Following this, the Teamsters were the AFL–CIO union tasked with

6771: 4305:(a non-AFL–CIO union with approximately 2 million members at the time, making it the largest labor union in the United States) voted to support the boycott. That same year, the 1273:

failed strikes that had occurred throughout the company's history.{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} At the time, union members reported that working conditions were not ideal, with the

1206:

failed strikes that had occurred throughout the company's history.{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} At the time, union members reported that working conditions were not ideal, with the

136: 6796: 6092: 4441: 2466:/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/17/teamsters-defeated-at-coors/49b39089-df40-4764-a048-dcbb0a1b8f4b/|archive-date=December 10, 2020|issn=0190-8286}} 6145: 4357:

In 1986, the South Dakota Farmers Union announced they would also be boycotting Coors following advertisements Coors released that the union said cast aspersions on local

2489:/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/12/17/teamsters-defeated-at-coors/49b39089-df40-4764-a048-dcbb0a1b8f4b/|archive-date=December 10, 2020|issn=0190-8286 6383: 6160: 3634:

and an agreement to an expedited union vote at its Golden facility. In December 1988, workers at the Golden brewery voted against unionizing by a margin of over 2 to 1.

2409:* {{Cite journal|last=Jimenez|first=Rolando|date=April 1976|title=COORS: El Precio Que Pagamos|journal=El Despertador|volume=5|issue=3|pages=2|jstor=community.28035516}} 2402:* {{Cite journal|last=Jimenez|first=Rolando|date=April 1976|title=COORS: El Precio Que Pagamos|journal=El Despertador|volume=5|issue=3|pages=2|jstor=community.28035516}} 4505:

by 1988. This is compared to the company's stance in 1975 when a company representative claimed there were no plans at the time to expand to the eastern United States.

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Coors' practice of using a ] test during their hiring process, which they alleged allowed them to discriminate against LGBT individuals. In ], the ] and the ] union

406:

Coors' practice of using a ] test during their hiring process, which they alleged allowed them to discriminate against LGBT individuals. In ], the ] and the ] union

4535:. However, individuals within the community criticized the company's past and the Coors family's continued support for right-wing politics. As a representative for 3936:

In addition to employment discrimination, Hispanic activists also singled out Joseph Coors' actions while university regent and the Coors family's response to the

3630:. However, in August 1987, the AFL–CIO agreed to end the boycott, with Coors making several concessions that included using union labor to build a new facility in 5860: 1463:{{sfn|Grossman|1987}}|alt=A color photograph of the Harvard Science Center, a modernist building used as a classroom and laboratory building at Harvard University 6417: 5829: 1992:/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/06/03/solution-craft-beer-industrys-sexism-diversity-problems/|archive-date=June 3, 2021|access-date=June 6, 2021| 1965:/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/06/03/solution-craft-beer-industrys-sexism-diversity-problems/|archive-date=June 3, 2021|access-date=June 6, 2021| 5916:"Sold only in the West, Coors beer is smuggled to the East. Henry Kissinger drinks it. So does Paul Newman, though he would abhor the Coors family's politics" 2921:|title=The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk|publisher=]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-312-56085-0|language=en|author-link=Randy Shilts|via=]}} 466:

for over 20 months, during which time a majority of the union members went back to work without a contract after the company began replacing strikers with ].

1636:

that the AFL–CIO saw this as a threat to possible union efforts by the IAM, IUOE, and UAW. As part of the agreement, only AFL–CIO unions would be guaranteed

5880: 5381: 6010: 6756: 5674: 1984:

sexism and diversity problems|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/06/03/solution-craft-beer-industrys-sexism-diversity-problems/|url-status=

1957:

sexism and diversity problems|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/06/03/solution-craft-beer-industrys-sexism-diversity-problems/|url-status=

90: 6455: 6311: 5712: 5933: 5591: 432:

the 1970s, the boycott covered much of Coors' market area and involved Hispanic, African American, and ] groups, as well as ] and ]. The latter group

402:

the 1970s, the boycott covered much of Coors' market area and involved Hispanic, African American, and ] groups, as well as ] and ]. The latter group

28: 6367: 6205: 5949: 5496: 4582:

claimed that the company had had a union presence for 42 years at that time, since 1936 when union representation began. However, a 1979 article in

6291: 5760: 3948:

published images reportedly showing Coors trucks being used to transport grapes harvested by non-union farmers to markets. In 1969, 43 students at

6512: 5979: 4410:

between union members and Coors wholesalers during an event held by company representatives who were publicizing Coors' expansion into the state.

578:

and activists still object to Coors over the company's past actions and the family's continued support of conservative politics. As late as 2019,

552:

and activists still object to Coors over the company's past actions and the family's continued support of conservative politics. As late as 2019,

4428:

company and would end their boycott. Among the concessions, the company agreed to use union workers in the construction of their new facility in

3867: 906:

total employees at Coors, with only 27 of the 1,330 employees in 1968 being Mexican Americans (approximately 2 percent of Coors' total workforce

5790: 5618: 6751: 6701: 6049: 5440: 4082:

was also involved, and he later claimed that the Bay Area boycott was the first-ever instance of collaboration between labor unions and the

3952:

protested Coors by blocking people at a local pub from ordering Coors beer. 15 of the students were arrested, and the college later filed a

4523: 815:

money towards ],{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} and he additionally provided grants and funding to conservatives groups including ], the ],{{sfn|

795:

money towards ],{{sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}} and he additionally provided grants and funding to conservatives groups including ], the ],{{sfn|

6232: 5648: 4249:

In 1976, under Colorado's Labor Peace Law provisions, Coors demanded a vote amongst brewery workers on whether the brewery would remain a

4090:

later claimed that the boycott was "perhaps one of the first major public demonstrations of the links between class and sexual identity".

6671: 69: 6538:"'A Political Fight Over Beer': The 1977 Coors Beer Boycott, and the Relationship Between Labour–Gay Alliances and LGBT Social Mobility" 4513:

In the years after the boycott ended, the relationship between Coors and the LGBT community remained frayed. In a 1998 article from the

144: 86: 4445: 3744:

to organize at the location. However, in the following decades, the company had a troubled relationship with organized labor, with the

1720:

when a company representative claimed there were no plans at the time to expand to the eastern United States.{{Sfn|Lichtenstein|1975}}

6110: 4644:

Sources differ on the number of brewery workers at the plant at the time of the vote, with sources claiming 1,500, 1,600, and 1,700.

6791: 6691: 6681: 4339: 3859: 148: 6786: 4280:

reported on December 14 that workers had voted 993 to 408 to decertify Brewery Workers Local 366, bringing an end to the strike.

3918: 6401: 421:

discriminatory practices that targeted Hispanics and ]. Additionally, they opposed the Coors family's support of ] causes. Soon

In addition to employment discrimination, Hispanic activists also singled out Joseph Coors' actions while university regent

5457: 936:

In addition to employment discrimination, Hispanic activists also singled out Joseph Coors' actions while university regent

171: 3815:. He also opposed the creation of a chapter of the United Mexican American Students on campus, as well as the creation of 6766: 6696: 4318: 3958: 3843: 1372:

boycott".{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} Within several weeks from the start of the strike, hundreds of strikebreakers had been hired

6721: 6570: 6018: 5846: 4330:, two African American activist organizations. An additional $ 300 million agreement was made with the Hispanic group 1328:

that agreeing to the union's proposals was like "inviting the Russians in to take over America".{{sfn|Anderson|2015}}

1258:

that agreeing to the union's proposals was like "inviting the Russians in to take over America".{{sfn|Anderson|2015}}

6439: 160: 4433: 3871: 3828: 3824: 3558:

groups initiated a boycott due to the Coors Brewing Company's discriminatory practices that targeted Hispanics and

6711: 6666: 4306: 3949: 3623: 1733:

for nationwide sales".{{sfn|Johnston|1987}} However, these numbers and the impact the boycott had on the decline

631:|alt=A color photograph of the Coors brewing facility in Golden, Colorado, with the Clear Creek in the foreground 274:|alt=A color photograph showing the cityscape of Golden, Colorado, prominently showing the Coors brewing facility 204: 5898: 5371: 3772: 4437: 4302: 4060: 3847: 3717: 3627: 3586:

test during their hiring process, which they alleged allowed them to discriminate against LGBT individuals. In

200: 3695:. By 1975, it had grown to become the fourth-largest brewing company in the United States, and its brewery in 6141: 5664: 4528: 3982: 3591: 1728:

Colorado, there was a similar drop from 47 percent in 1977 to 24 percent in 1984.{{sfn|Richter|1987}} In 1987

108: 6477: 6329: 5581: 4469:

At the time of the agreement, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at the Golden facility. The

4444:(IAM) announced their intent to start organizing drives at both the Elkton and Golden facilities, while the 3570:. By the 1970s, the boycott covered much of Coors' market area and involved Hispanic, African American, and 4268:, stated that agreeing to the union's proposals was like "inviting the Russians in to take over America". 6195: 5963: 5484: 4588:

claimed that a union had been invited to organize at the brewery 45 years prior, giving the year of 1934.

4331: 3807:

as an "ultraconservative zealot". During the late 1960s to early 1970s, Joseph served as a member of the

2593:* {{Cite web|last=McDevitt|first=John|date=July 28, 2015|title=The Coors Boycott: The LGBTQ movement and 2582:* {{Cite web|last=McDevitt|first=John|date=July 28, 2015|title=The Coors Boycott: The LGBTQ movement and 1125:

days|month1=04|day1=05|year1=1977|month2=12|day2=14|year2=1978}})|goals=* Change in grounds for dismissal

1113:

days|month1=04|day1=05|year1=1977|month2=12|day2=14|year2=1978}})|goals=* Change in grounds for dismissal

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that criticized Coors and contended that the boycott was still active. In 2019, union and LGBT activist

4257:. However, the next day, the company sent letters to the striking employees saying that they would hire 6736: 5993: 4021: 1648:

At the time of the agreement, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at the Golden facility

1625:

At the time of the agreement, the Teamsters were attempting to organize workers at the Golden facility

461:

In April 1977, members of ] Local 366, which represented over 1,500 workers at the company's flagship

319:

at the company's brewery in 1977. The strike ended the following year in failure for the union, which

97: 6716: 6686: 6676: 3891: 361:

forced to dissolve. The boycott, however, lasted until the mid-1980s, when it was more or less ended.

323:

forced to dissolve. The boycott, however, lasted until the mid-1980s, when it was more or less ended.

209:

Knowledge:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

5780: 4486:

stating that they "effectively helped stunt the company's growth". In the late 1970s, the company's

4241:

Local 366, which had existed at the plant since at least a failed strike in 1957. A 1975 article in

6726: 5608: 4379: 4345: 4029: 3784: 3484: 3179: 1298: 1264: 1234: 1197: 1189:* Workers vote to decertify local union|causes=* Disagreements over content of new labor contract}} 1182:* Workers vote to decertify local union|causes=* Disagreements over content of new labor contract}} 710: 666: 621: 182: 167: 6039: 4562:

stated that "grudges against Coors continue" among groups that had been involved in the boycotts.

694: 6601: 6044: 5492: 4635:

reported on the "nofficial returns" in the voting tally as happening on the night of December 14.

3863: 3783:

By 1975, several members of the Coors family held leadership positions in the company, including

6567:

Brewing a Boycott: How a Grassroots Coalition Fought Coors and Remade American Consumer Activism

1799:

active.{{sfn|Roberts|2002}} In 2019, union and LGBT activist ] commented that "to this day, you

1781:

active.{{sfn|Roberts|2002}} In 2019, union and LGBT activist ] commented that "to this day, you

6661: 6222: 5638: 4551: 4497: 4403: 4375: 4350: 4310: 4052: 3665: 3611: 6588: 3994: 3944:, the Coors family supported non-union grape growers, and the Crusade for Justice's newspaper 6741: 6258: 5556: 5462: 4559: 4514: 4335: 4224: 3851: 3791: 3729: 3721: 3677: 3658: 3540: 3521: 3044:* {{Cite news|last=Wins|first=Molly|date=June 12, 1978|title=Union's Survival Is at Stake in 3033:* {{Cite news|last=Wins|first=Molly|date=June 12, 1978|title=Union's Survival Is at Stake in 63: 5980:"10-Year Coors Boycott Ends as Unions Win Concessions : Firm OKs Voting at Colo. Plant" 6746: 3748:

claiming that the company had destroyed 19 different unions at their facilities, including

315:, started in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s, coinciding with a labor strike 3550:

The boycott began in 1966 as a regional affair coordinated by the Colorado chapter of the

8: 5816: 5785: 5586: 5521: 5435: 4623: 4584: 4449: 4083: 4049: 3941: 3937: 3563: 6011:"The Coors Boycott: The LGBTQ movement and people's counter-offensive against the right" 4237:

During the boycott, brewery workers at Coors had union representation as members of the

the executive and his company. That same month, Coors expanded their market to include

4383: 4006: 3855: 3839: 3816: 3803: 5781:"What Would Harvey Milk Say About President Clinton's Speech at the Manchester Hyatt?" 6638: 6605: 6574: 6549: 6504: 6469: 6431: 6393: 6359: 6321: 6286: 6262: 6200: 6170: 6102: 5984: 5954: 5925: 5890: 5821: 5755: 5704: 5613: 5560: 5411: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4597:

End date represents the date that brewery workers voted to decertify the local union.

4518: 4298: 4264: 3953: 3906: 3894: 3820: 3571: 3559: 3551: 993:] (left) helped coordinate an alliance between ] and labor unions to boycott Coors.]] 104: 5231: 5229: 5227: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 3973: 3862:, and he additionally provided grants and funding to conservatives groups including 6731: 6465: 6427: 6355: 5989: 5959: 5403:

The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism

4632: 4579: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4277: 4120: 4068: 4064: 3998: 3989:

Another point of contention between the company and protestors involved the use of

3962: 3914: 3812: 3696: 3544: 3517: 1000:] (left) helped coordinate an alliance between ] and labor unions to boycott Coors. 16: 5741: 5316: 5275: 5209: 5010: 3993:

tests on job applicants, a process that the company had implemented following the

6628: 6307: 6252: 6070: 5407: 5401: 5224: 5179: 4714: 4555: 4483: 4458: 4238: 4216: 4067:. Milk also encouraged the Teamsters to hire openly gay people and to oppose the 3922: 3910: 3737: 3733: 3708:. The company was also notable for only selling its products in 11 states in the 3689: 3685: 3606: 6065: 4550:

was criticized for refusing to run an ad submitted by the LGBT committee of the

6156: 5634: 5376: 4327: 4075: 4013: 3832: 3713: 3619: 3579: 178: 115: 6655: 6553: 6508: 6473: 6435: 6397: 6363: 6325: 6174: 6106: 5929: 5894: 5825: 5708: 5643: 5564: 4453: 4314: 4294: 4258: 4172: 4128: 4033: 3835: 3797:, both grandsons of Adolph's. The family was well known for their support of 3794: 3709: 3587: 3567: 3536: 2284:

01/22/coors-flattens-brewery-workers-union-battles-boycott/ad008649-2393-4e3a

6619: 5856: 3940:. During the strike and associated boycott, which had been organized by the 3598:

union allied to promote the boycott that involved noted gay rights activist

44: 6272: 6248: 5421: 5397: 4628: 4532: 4487: 4037: 3831:

Parties, criticized Coors' actions as regent. In 1974, he was nominated by

3798: 3787: 3777: 3692: 3653: 3575: 1173:* ]|result=* Strikebreakers and union members hired without labor contracts 1166:* ]|result=* Strikebreakers and union members hired without labor contracts 4627:

stating that voting happened from December 13 to 14, while a 1991 book by

2244:

brewery-workers-union-battles-boycott/ad008649-2393-4e3a-bd21-597d332158e2

5876: 5776: 5690: 5547: 5512: 5431:"The solution to the craft beer industry's sexism and diversity problems" 4079: 4056: 3978: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3725: 3705: 3701: 3615: 3599: 5851: 5807: 4606:

One source gives this number as approximately 1,400. A 1988 article in

4424: 4395: 4367: 4309:

also launched a boycott due in part to Joseph Coors' opposition to the

4250: 4072: 4017: 3761: 3638: 3512: 5663: 5572: 5021: 5542: 4387: 4177: 4157: 4087: 4025: 4002: 3990: 3595: 3583: 4621:

Sources vary on the exact dates of the vote, with a 1979 article in

4055:

was also involved in the boycott and brought it to the attention of

6634: 6227: 4429: 4371: 4124: 4041: 3888: 3712:, as opposed to the national distribution of its main competitors: 3704:, which required the beer to be constantly refrigerated to prevent 3681: 3631: 3555: 3532: 2645:

Business a Threat it Can't Refuse|language=en-US|work=]|publisher=]

6495:"Union's Survival Is at Stake in 14-Month Strike at Coors Brewery" 4816: 2913:* {{Cite book|last=Shilts|first=Randy|url=https://books.google.com 4502: 4482:

The strike and boycotts had a considerable impact on Coors, with

4363: 4254: 4182: 4045: 3926: 3902: 3740:(who had succeeded his father as chief of the company) invited a 3661: 3642: 3566:

causes. Soon afterward, the boycott expanded through much of the

1670:{{clarify|reason=Who are these? What do they do?|date=July 2024}} 440:

to promote the boycott that involved noted gay rights activist ].

410:

to promote the boycott that involved noted gay rights activist ].

6762:

Labor disputes led by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters

4012:

Despite the company's claims, Coors became known throughout the

5728:

Jimenez, Rolando (April 1976). "COORS: El Precio Que Pagamos".

5695:"Union at Coors May Be Broken But It Hasn't Halted Its Boycott" 4536: 4358: 4078:

that would have banned LGBT teachers from employment. Activist

3898: 4196:

Strikebreakers and union members hired without labor contracts

4040:

and Teamsters member) to organize a largescale boycott in the

6254:

The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk

4442:

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers

4349:

Approximately 200 students picketed Joseph Coors outside the

4323: 4288:

In 1979, both the American GI Forum and the California-based

566:

The strike and boycott had a direct economic impact on Coors

540:

The strike and boycott had a direct economic impact on Coors

6282:"Brewing Controversy : Coors Clan: Doing It Their Way" 5665:"Teamsters Pride At Work: A Look Back At The Coors Boycott" 5458:"The Coors Boycott: When A Beer Can Signaled Your Politics" 5306: 5304: 5302: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 3562:. Additionally, they opposed the Coors family's support of 6125: 5847:"How LGBTQ Union Activists Transformed the Labor Movement" 4863: 4861: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4418: 3905:

against Coors due to the company's discrimination against

4111:(1 year, 8 months, 1 week and 2 days) 3931:

United States District Court for the District of Colorado

5299: 5099: 5097: 5095: 4903: 4901: 4899: 5517:"Coors Flattens Brewery Workers Union, Battles Boycott" 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5169: 5167: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4858: 4836: 4834: 4785: 4773: 4658: 3882: 3854:

after it was revealed that he had donated money to the

3507:

20th century labor action against Coors Brewing Company

6772:

LGBTQ civil rights demonstrations in the United States

6196:"Coors' New Brew: Taking Out the Political Aftertaste" 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 3968: 3811:, during which time he took a hardline stance against 3582:. The latter group opposed Coors' practice of using a 51: 5336: 5334: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4896: 4846: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4036:, worked with activist Howard Wallace (an openly gay 3767: 5456:

Cole, B. Erin; Brantley, Allyson (October 3, 2014).

5244: 5199: 5197: 5164: 5152: 5128: 5039: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4831: 4763: 4761: 3554:

and the Denver-based Crusade for Justice. These two

5346: 5263: 5051: 4949: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 3736:activities at the brewery began in the 1930s, when 1804:

involved in the boycotts.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}}

1786:

involved in the boycotts.{{sfn|Cole|Brantley|2014}}

6598:Out in the Union: A Labor History of Queer America 6454: 6416: 6382: 6344: 6127:"Coors Boycott Coordinator Expresses Appreciation" 5331: 5322: 5290: 5215: 5109: 5063: 4974: 4729: 4697: 3933:, with the company settling out of court in 1977. 3846:. However, his nomination was later killed by the 2212:Brewery Workers Union, Battles Boycott|newspaper=] 6797:Post–civil rights era in African-American history 5978: 5948: 5235: 5194: 5185: 5140: 5027: 4993: 4913: 3917:workers. A September 1975 complaint filed by the 573:company's market share in several western states 547:company's market share in several western states 217:(44 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown) 6653: 4873: 4738: 4631:gives the vote dates as December 14 and 15. The 4141:Disagreements over content of new labor contract 3997:. These tests, conducted during the applicant's 908:, compared to 15-20% of the population statewide 585:was difficult to find in any ] in San Francisco. 559:was difficult to find in any ] in San Francisco. 4508: 3801:causes, with Joseph in particular described by 3724:. This limited market area led to considerable 2827:April 5, 2022|website=]|ref={{harvid|Now|2004}} 1544:=== Agreement between the AFL–CIO and Coors === 1537:=== Agreement between the AFL–CIO and Coors === 6418:"A.F.L.-C.I.O. Agrees to End Boycott of Coors" 6384:"Coors Tries to Conquer Southeast Beer Market" 6093:"Making Big Business a Threat it Can't Refuse" 4457:been on the decline, with activist and writer 3995:1960 kidnapping and murder of Adolph Coors III 3901:-based group Crusade for Justice, initiated a 3887:Starting in 1966, the Colorado chapter of the 3501:Latest revision as of 09:58, 24 September 2024 1553:In 1985, ] took over the day-to-day operations 145:Latest revision as of 09:58, 24 September 2024 6630:Workers in America: A Historical Encyclopedia 6161:"Union Boycott of Coors Extended to New York" 4524:Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation 4024:. Around this time, president Allan Baird of 3981:(left) helped coordinate an alliance between 1120:{{Infobox civil conflict|place=], ], ]|title= 1108:{{Infobox civil conflict|place=], ], ]|title= 391:the Coors family's support of ] causes. Soon 5913: 5805: 5751:"AFL-CIO Ends 10-Year Boycott of Coors Beer" 5455: 5310: 4810: 4691: 3671: 879:=== Hispanic and African American groups === 872:=== Hispanic and African American groups === 425:, the boycott expanded through much of the ] 395:, the boycott expanded through much of the ] 195: 128: 6627:Weir, Robert E. (2013). "Brewery Workers". 5022:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 2017 4531:to workers) and donating to events such as 984:=== Polygraph testing and LGBT response === 977:=== Polygraph testing and LGBT response === 6757:Hispanic and Latino American working class 5406:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: 4446:International Union of Operating Engineers 3860:Ronald Reagan's 1976 presidential campaign 3850:, which expressed concerns over potential 1571:still without a union."{{sfn|Tasini|1988}} 766:=== The Coors family and social issues === 759:=== The Coors family and social issues === 6564: 5914:Lichtenstein, Grace (December 28, 1975). 5428: 5372:"Public messaging vs. internal practices" 4840: 4440:(NLRB). Shortly after the agreement, the 2786:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 2679:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 2258:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 2130:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 1988:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 1961:|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/ 1242:In 1976, under Colorado's Labor Peace Law 6090: 6008: 5748: 5633: 5579: 5369: 5257: 5173: 5158: 5134: 5045: 4943: 4464: 4344: 4340:League of United Latin American Citizens 3972: 3771: 3652: 3614:. Shortly after the strike started, the 3511: 1668:or an additional 2,000 container workers 6220: 6193: 5875: 5727: 5621:from the original on September 16, 2018 5485:"Coors: Joseph Coors has met the enemy" 5482: 5396: 5352: 5269: 5103: 5057: 4968: 4907: 4852: 4779: 4708: 4419:Agreement between the AFL–CIO and Coors 4402:. In March, a scuffle broke out at the 3919:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 240:{{Use American English|date=June 2021}} 233:{{Use American English|date=June 2021}} 6654: 6306: 6279: 6247: 6208:from the original on November 25, 2020 6037: 5670:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 5499:from the original on February 11, 2020 5429:Brantley, Allyson P. (June 3, 2021a). 5340: 5122: 5086: 4867: 4290:Mexican American Political Association 3823:. Contemporary regents, from both the 3490: 3185: 2701:business-a-threat-it-can-t-refuse.html 2665:business-a-threat-it-can-t-refuse.html 1304: 1270: 1240: 1203: 716: 700: 672: 6595: 6535: 6235:from the original on December 1, 2020 6155: 6052:from the original on December 5, 2020 6025:from the original on January 22, 2021 5844: 5775: 5689: 5677:from the original on January 28, 2021 5606: 5545:(Winter 1999). "Making out at Work". 5511: 5203: 5146: 5033: 5004: 4926: 4767: 4413: 4301:sponsored by Coors. Around 1984, the 4199:Workers vote to decertify local union 4028:Local 921, which had organized Coors 3858:. Joseph later donated money towards 3809:Regents of the University of Colorado 627: 6752:Hispanic and Latino American history 6702:African-American history of Colorado 6626: 6492: 6280:Stumbo, Bella (September 18, 1988). 6194:Richter, Paul (September 27, 1987). 5881:"Labor Truce Welcomed at Coors Base" 5749:Johnston, Oswald (August 20, 1987). 5541: 4987: 4890: 4283: 3883:Hispanic and African American groups 77: 43: 6091:Peterson, Iver (December 2, 1984). 6064: 5950:"Coors to Stop Using Lie Detectors" 5863:from the original on March 21, 2021 5580:Grossman, Evan O. (March 5, 1987). 5470:from the original on March 20, 2021 5384:from the original on March 14, 2021 4822: 4319:University of Massachusetts Amherst 3969:Polygraph testing and LGBT response 3959:Mexican American Youth Organization 3844:Corporation for Public Broadcasting 330:The '''Coors strike and boycott''' 216: 194: 159: 142: 135: 127: 96: 84: 13: 6672:1970s strikes in the United States 6571:University of North Carolina Press 6536:Blake, Kieran (January 24, 2020). 6529: 6294:from the original on April 6, 2021 6221:Roberts, Michael (June 27, 2002). 6078:from the original on April 5, 2022 6019:Party for Socialism and Liberation 5607:Hsiao, Andrew (November 3, 1998). 5594:from the original on June 23, 2014 5370:Anderson, Dave (October 8, 2015). 4048:refusing to carry Coors products. 3985:and labor unions to boycott Coors. 3768:The Coors family and social issues 3503: 1766:== Legacy in the LGBT community == 1759:== Legacy in the LGBT community == 285:The '''Coors strike and boycott''' 32: 6808: 5992:. August 19, 1987. Archived from 5962:. August 29, 1986. Archived from 5793:from the original on June 6, 2021 5763:from the original on June 5, 2021 5651:from the original on June 5, 2021 4612:gives a specific number of 1,472. 4313:, and with Coors' expansion into 4109:April 5, 1977 – December 14, 1978 3877: 658:=== Coors and organized labor === 651:=== Coors and organized labor === 404:was involved due in large part to 334:a series of ] and ] against the ] 292:a series of ] and ] against the ] 87:Revision as of 04:02, 2 July 2021 6456:"Coors Workers Reject Teamsters" 6144:. March 20, 1978. Archived from 6009:McDevitt, John (July 28, 2015). 4434:American Arbitration Association 4093: 3872:National Right to Work Committee 1071:identity".{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} 1058:identity".{{sfn|Gold|1999|p=91}} 256:{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}} 249:{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}} 6792:National Organization for Women 6692:1978 labor disputes and strikes 6682:1977 labor disputes and strikes 6569:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: 6038:Mirken, Bruce (July 13, 2001). 5483:Crisman, Robert (Winter 1978). 4638: 4615: 4600: 4591: 4501:presence in every state except 4307:National Organization for Women 4153:Change in grounds for dismissal 3950:Southern Colorado State College 3925:. That month, the EEOC filed a 3624:National Organization for Women 823:}} and the ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} 803:}} and the ].{{sfn|Dewar|1979}} 205:Category:1970s in LGBTQ history 6787:National Education Association 6589:10.5149/9781469661056_brantley 6565:Brantley, Allyson P. (2021b). 4572: 4527:fact that the company offered 4438:National Labor Relations Board 4303:National Education Association 3848:U.S. Senate Commerce Committee 3718:Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company 3628:National Education Association 1141:* End to ] testing|methods=* ] 1134:* End to ] testing|methods=* ] 201:Category:1970s in LGBT history 1: 6782:Molson Coors Beverage Company 6493:Wins, Molly (June 12, 1978). 6142:United Farmworkers of America 5812:"TEAMSTERS DEFEATED AT COORS" 4651: 4529:domestic partnership benefits 3983:San Francisco's gay community 3929:against the company with the 3648: 3499: 3408: 3399: 3392: 3383: 3376: 3351: 3344: 3263: 3256: 3167: 3160: 3123: 3040: 3029: 3020: 3013: 3004: 2997: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2965: 2956: 2949: 2924: 2909: 2868: 2861: 2836: 2725: 2624:news|last=Peterson|first=Iver 2618: 2589: 2578: 2537: 2530: 2521: 2514: 2469: 2446: 2389: 2382: 2299: 2294:/|archive-date=June 4, 2021}} 2191:Helen|author-link=Helen Dewar 2177: 2049: 2016: 2001: 1972: 1945: 1884: 1873: 1789: 1771: 1723: 1706: 1644: 1621: 1616:=== Teamsters union drive === 1609:=== Teamsters union drive === 1574: 1549: 1487: 1470: 1457: 1450: 1428: 1415: 1363: 1347: 1288: 1116: 1104: 1061: 1049: 1022: 1009: 996: 989: 947: 932: 901: 884: 806: 782: 773: 638: 562: 536: 494: 457: 413: 378: 326: 281: 268: 261: 6777:History of Mexican Americans 6707:Alcohol in the United States 4509:Legacy in the LGBT community 3688:that was founded in 1873 by 2168:-date=August 24, 2019|access 1908:{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} 1901:{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} 1002:{{sfn|Shilts|1982|pp=82–83}} 18:Browse history interactively 7: 5845:Kelly, Kim (June 7, 2019). 5639:"Muscling In On Texas Beer" 10: 6813: 6767:Labor disputes in Colorado 6542:Midlands Historical Review 6312:"The Beer and The Boycott" 5362: 3605:In April 1977, members of 6722:Boycotts of organizations 5609:"The GLAAD Hand of Coors" 4477: 4210: 4205: 4190: 4166: 4147: 4135: 4115: 4105: 4100: 3776:Executive Vice President 3672:Coors and organized labor 3495: 3415: 3307: 3304: 3176: 3121: 3084: 3081: 2834: 2693:12/02/weekinreview/making 2657:12/02/weekinreview/making 2345: 2342: 2306: 2172:|website=]|language=en-US 1840: 1837: 1331: 1293: 1284: 1231: 1194: 771: 739: 705: 663: 643: 618: 224: 221: 141: 83: 6223:"A Brewing Disagreement" 5311:Kelleher & Reid 1988 4811:Cole & Brantley 2014 4565: 4380:Cambridge, Massachusetts 3868:Free Congress Foundation 3785:Executive Vice President 3529:Coors strike and boycott 1578:In 1985, ] took over the 1528:== End of the boycott == 1521:== End of the boycott == 132:Adding Good Article icon 6602:Temple University Press 5493:Freedom Socialist Party 3864:The Heritage Foundation 1410:== Continued boycott == 1403:== Continued boycott == 1351:Shortly after the start 557:was reported that Coors 82: 6712:Anti-Mexican sentiment 6697:History of the AFL–CIO 6667:1970s in LGBTQ history 6596:Frank, Miriam (2014). 6134:President's Newsletter 4552:National Lawyers Guild 4498:Miller Brewing Company 4404:New York State Capitol 4376:Harvard Science Center 4354: 4351:Harvard Science Center 4311:Equal Rights Amendment 4101:1977–1978 Coors strike 4044:, leading to numerous 3986: 3892:veterans' organization 3799:conservative political 3780: 3764:, among other groups. 3728:of the product to the 3668: 3524: 2917:/books?id=P_2f521UkFIC 1655:''Los Angeles Times'' 1632:''Los Angeles Times'' 1425:].{{sfn|Richter|1987}} 6468:. December 17, 1988. 6358:. December 15, 1978. 5879:(September 7, 1987). 5810:(December 17, 1988). 5557:Duke University Press 5463:Colorado Public Radio 4578:A 1978 report by the 4560:Colorado Public Radio 4515:alternative newspaper 4465:Teamsters union drive 4348: 4336:National Urban League 4225:Coors Brewing Company 3976: 3852:conflicts of interest 3792:Chairman of the Board 3775: 3730:eastern United States 3722:Pabst Brewing Company 3678:Coors Brewing Company 3656: 3592:city's LGBT community 3541:Coors Brewing Company 3522:Coors Brewing Company 3515: 1454:] in February 1987.]] 6633:. Vol. 1: A-L. 6515:on December 10, 2020 6404:on February 14, 2018 6310:(January 31, 1988). 5966:on November 12, 2020 5936:on November 12, 2020 5832:on December 10, 2020 5515:(January 22, 1979). 4382:, approximately 200 3564:right wing political 851:== Boycott begins == 844:== Boycott begins == 6480:on January 30, 2018 6442:on November 4, 2017 6430:. August 20, 1987. 6346:"Around the Nation" 6181:on November 3, 2017 6113:on January 30, 2018 6066:"Coors bitter brew" 6040:"Coors Courts Gays" 5901:on November 5, 2017 5817:The Washington Post 5786:The Huffington Post 5587:The Harvard Crimson 5582:"Is Coors the One?" 5522:The Washington Post 5436:The Washington Post 4624:The Washington Post 4585:The Washington Post 4450:United Auto Workers 4297:, a Colorado-based 4274:decertify the union 4084:gay rights movement 4050:Gay rights activist 3942:United Farm Workers 3938:Delano grape strike 3574:groups, as well as 1461:] in February 1987. 1099:== Strike action == 1092:== Strike action == 287:{{sfn|''President's 6637:. pp. 83–87. 6500:The New York Times 6461:The New York Times 6423:The New York Times 6389:The New York Times 6351:The New York Times 6317:The New York Times 6259:St. Martin's Press 6166:The New York Times 6151:on March 18, 2015. 6098:The New York Times 5921:The New York Times 5886:The New York Times 5877:Knudson, Thomas J. 5779:(March 15, 2009). 5742:community.28035516 5715:on August 20, 2020 5700:The New York Times 5324:The New York Times 5292:The New York Times 5217:The New York Times 4731:The New York Times 4609:The New York Times 4547:Out Front Colorado 4414:End of the boycott 4384:Harvard University 4355: 4317:, students at the 4243:The New York Times 4007:sexual orientation 3987: 3856:John Birch Society 3840:board of directors 3804:The New York Times 3781: 3669: 3645:in San Francisco. 3525: 2170:-date=June 4, 2021 777:]|left|265x265px]] 408:formed an alliance 265:], home of the ]]] 157: 94: 6737:Consumer boycotts 6644:978-1-59884-719-2 6611:978-1-4399-1139-6 6580:978-1-4696-6103-2 6392:. April 2, 1983. 6287:Los Angeles Times 6268:978-0-312-56085-0 6201:Los Angeles Times 6159:(March 9, 1987). 6074:. July 29, 2004. 5985:Los Angeles Times 5955:Los Angeles Times 5806:Kelleher, Susan; 5756:Los Angeles Times 5614:The Village Voice 5489:Freedom Socialist 5417:978-0-89608-416-2 5237:Los Angeles Times 5187:Los Angeles Times 4870:, pp. 82–83. 4782:, pp. 80–81. 4692:Lichtenstein 1975 4519:The Village Voice 4493:Los Angeles Times 4471:Los Angeles Times 4353:in February 1987. 4299:road bicycle race 4284:Continued boycott 4265:Los Angeles Times 4235: 4234: 4231: 4230: 3954:restraining order 3907:Mexican Americans 3897:, along with the 3895:American GI Forum 3821:Chicana/o studies 3560:African Americans 3552:American GI Forum 3498: 2464:20201210215136if_ 2214:|url=https://www. 2086:|url=https://www. 1963:20210603110917if_ 1367:Shortly after the 1308:the provisions of 702:] ] along the ]]] 143: 85: 65: 6804: 6717:Beer in Colorado 6687:1978 in Colorado 6677:1977 in Colorado 6648: 6623: 6600:. Philadelphia: 6592: 6561: 6560:on May 16, 2021. 6556:. Archived from 6524: 6522: 6520: 6511:. Archived from 6489: 6487: 6485: 6476:. Archived from 6466:Associated Press 6451: 6449: 6447: 6438:. Archived from 6428:Associated Press 6413: 6411: 6409: 6400:. Archived from 6379: 6377: 6375: 6370:on March 7, 2018 6366:. Archived from 6356:Associated Press 6341: 6339: 6337: 6328:. Archived from 6308:Tasini, Jonathan 6303: 6301: 6299: 6276: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6177:. Archived from 6152: 6150: 6131: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6109:. Archived from 6087: 6085: 6083: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5996:on April 9, 2021 5990:Associated Press 5975: 5973: 5971: 5960:Associated Press 5945: 5943: 5941: 5932:. Archived from 5910: 5908: 5906: 5897:. Archived from 5872: 5870: 5868: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5828:. Archived from 5802: 5800: 5798: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5745: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5711:. Archived from 5693:(May 28, 1979). 5686: 5684: 5682: 5673:. June 2, 2017. 5660: 5658: 5656: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5576: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5525:. 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Archived from 5425: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5329: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5297: 5288: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5242: 5233: 5222: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5192: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5107: 5101: 5090: 5084: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5008: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4972: 4966: 4947: 4941: 4930: 4924: 4911: 4905: 4894: 4888: 4871: 4865: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4829: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4736: 4727: 4712: 4706: 4695: 4689: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4633:Associated Press 4619: 4613: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4580:Associated Press 4576: 4436:rather than the 4408:Albany, New York 4400:Elkton, Virginia 4278:Associated Press 4212: 4211: 4098: 4097: 4069:Briggs Amendment 4065:gay neighborhood 3999:background check 3963:Raza Unida Party 3923:clerical workers 3915:African American 3813:student activism 3697:Golden, Colorado 3545:Golden, Colorado 3531:was a series of 3518:Golden, Colorado 2919:&redir_esc=y 2491:|url-status=dead 1208:most significant 721:giving a year of 613:== Background == 606:== Background == 272:], home of the ] 211: 197: 189: 175: 156: 151: 133: 130: 122: 112: 93: 66: 57: 56: 54: 49: 47: 39: 36: 21: 19: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6727:Brewery workers 6652: 6651: 6645: 6612: 6581: 6532: 6530:Further reading 6527: 6518: 6516: 6483: 6481: 6445: 6443: 6407: 6405: 6373: 6371: 6335: 6333: 6332:on May 12, 2021 6297: 6295: 6269: 6238: 6236: 6211: 6209: 6184: 6182: 6157:Prial, Frank J. 6148: 6129: 6116: 6114: 6081: 6079: 6055: 6053: 6028: 6026: 6015:Liberation News 5999: 5997: 5969: 5967: 5939: 5937: 5904: 5902: 5866: 5864: 5835: 5833: 5796: 5794: 5766: 5764: 5718: 5716: 5680: 5678: 5654: 5652: 5635:Hurt III, Harry 5624: 5622: 5597: 5595: 5532: 5530: 5529:on June 4, 2021 5502: 5500: 5473: 5471: 5446: 5444: 5443:on June 3, 2021 5418: 5408:South End Press 5387: 5385: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5351: 5347: 5339: 5332: 5321: 5317: 5309: 5300: 5289: 5276: 5268: 5264: 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241: 234: 212: 198: 193: 192: 191: 187: 185: 165: 163: 158: 152: 147: 139: 137:← Previous edit 134: 131: 126: 125: 124: 120: 118: 102: 100: 95: 89: 81: 80: 79: 78: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 71: 62: 58: 52: 50: 45: 42: 40: 37: 35:Content deleted 34: 31: 29:← Previous edit 26: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6810: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6650: 6649: 6643: 6624: 6610: 6593: 6579: 6562: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6490: 6452: 6414: 6380: 6342: 6304: 6277: 6267: 6245: 6218: 6191: 6153: 6123: 6088: 6062: 6035: 6006: 5976: 5946: 5911: 5873: 5842: 5803: 5773: 5746: 5730:El Despertador 5725: 5687: 5661: 5637:(March 1976). 5631: 5604: 5577: 5539: 5509: 5480: 5453: 5426: 5416: 5394: 5377:Boulder Weekly 5366: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5345: 5330: 5315: 5298: 5274: 5262: 5243: 5223: 5208: 5193: 5178: 5163: 5151: 5139: 5127: 5108: 5091: 5062: 5050: 5038: 5026: 5009: 4992: 4973: 4948: 4931: 4912: 4895: 4872: 4857: 4845: 4841:Brantley 2021a 4830: 4815: 4784: 4772: 4737: 4713: 4696: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4614: 4599: 4590: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4510: 4507: 4479: 4476: 4466: 4463: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4328:Operation PUSH 4293:targeting the 4285: 4282: 4259:strikebreakers 4233: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4076:ballot measure 4014:LGBT community 3970: 3967: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3878:Boycott begins 3876: 3833:U.S. President 3769: 3766: 3714:Anheuser-Busch 3673: 3670: 3650: 3647: 3620:strikebreakers 3580:LGBT activists 3572:women's rights 3520:, home of the 3506: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3441: 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2615: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2487:20201210215136 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2473:* {{Cite news| 2472: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450:* {{Cite news| 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2264:washingtonpost 2263: 2260:20210604125720 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2216:washingtonpost 2215: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132:20190824150901 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1990:20210603110917 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1734: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555:of the company 1554: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1306:In 1976, under 1303: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 986: 983: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 967: 965: 962: 959: 958: 952: 950: 948: 946: 940: 937: 935: 933: 930: 929: 926: 924: 921: 918: 917: 911: 907: 904: 902: 900: 894: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 878: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 862: 860: 857: 854: 853: 850: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 834: 832: 829: 826: 825: 820: 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226: 223: 219: 218: 214: 213: 186: 183:Administrators 177: 176: 162:JJMC89 bot III 161: 140: 119: 114: 113: 98: 67: 61: 59: 41: 33: 27: 23: 22: 14: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6809: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6662:1966 protests 6660: 6659: 6657: 6646: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6453: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6381: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6343: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6293: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6249:Shilts, Randy 6246: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6124: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6063: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5809: 5804: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5762: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5644:Texas Monthly 5640: 5636: 5632: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5442: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5398:Bellant, Russ 5395: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5367: 5354: 5349: 5342: 5337: 5335: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5295: 5293: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5258:Johnston 1987 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5238: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5218: 5212: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5190: 5188: 5182: 5175: 5174:Grossman 1987 5170: 5168: 5160: 5159:Peterson 1984 5155: 5148: 5143: 5136: 5135:Anderson 2015 5131: 5124: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5106:, p. 81. 5105: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5088: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5046:Hurt III 1976 5042: 5035: 5030: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5006: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4990:, p. 91. 4989: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4945: 4944:McDevitt 2015 4940: 4938: 4936: 4928: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4910:, p. 80. 4909: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4892: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4869: 4864: 4862: 4855:, p. 66. 4854: 4849: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4827: 4825: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4734: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4657: 4641: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4594: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4542: 4541:Village Voice 4538: 4534: 4533:pride parades 4530: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4454:Lane Kirkland 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4315:Massachusetts 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4295:Coors Classic 4291: 4281: 4279: 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3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3710:American West 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3655: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588:San Francisco 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568:American West 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3537:strike action 3534: 3530: 3523: 3519: 3516:Cityscape of 3514: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3410: 3407: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3201: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3143: 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