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1270:— appears in mid-La Tène culture. La Tène dwellings were carpenter-built rather than of masonry. La Tène peoples also dug ritual shafts, in which votive offerings and even human sacrifices were cast. Severed heads appear to have held great power and were often represented in carvings. Burial sites included weapons, carts, and both elite and household goods, evoking a strong continuity with an
71:
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and La Tène cultures. The core
Hallstatt territory (800 BCE) is shown in solid yellow, the area of influence by 500 BCE (HaD) in light yellow. The core territory of the La Tène culture (450 BCE) is shown in solid green, the eventual area of La Tène influence by 50 BCE in light green. The territories
1219:
people is difficult to assess; archaeologists have repeatedly concluded that language, material culture, and political affiliation do not necessarily run parallel. Frey notes (Frey 2004) that in the 5th century, "burial customs in the Celtic world were not uniform; rather, localised groups had their
1179:
Our knowledge of this cultural area derives from three sources: from archaeological evidence, from Greek and Latin literary evidence, and more controversially, from ethnographical evidence suggesting some La Tène artistic and cultural survivals in traditionally Celtic regions of far western Europe.
1170:
As with many archaeological periods, La Tène history was originally divided into "early" (6th century BCE), "middle" (c. 450–100 BCE), and "late" (1st century BCE) stages, with the Roman occupation effectively driving the culture underground and ending its development. A broad cultural unity was not
1346:
With the first systematic lowering of the Swiss lakes from 1868 to 1883, the site fell completely dry. In 1880, Emile Vouga, a teacher from Marin-Epagnier, uncovered the wooden remains of two bridges (designated "Pont Desor" and "Pont Vouga") originally over 100 m long, that crossed the little
1343:, started excavations on the lakeshore soon afterwards. He interpreted the site as an armory, erected on piles over the lake and later destroyed by enemy action. Another interpretation accounting for the presence of cast iron swords that had not been sharpened, was of a site of sacrifices.
154:
63:
1212:, in the heartland of La Tène material culture: "The Ister flows right across Europe, rising in the country of the Celts", whom however, apparently misunderstanding his source, he places "farthest to the west of any people of Europe"
1256:
traditions of geometric patterning. The Early Style of La Tène art and culture mainly featured static, geometric decoration, while the transition to the
Developed Style constituted a shift to movement-based forms, such as
1312:, Hansli Kopp, looking for antiquities for Colonel Frédéric Schwab, discovered several rows of wooden piles that still reached about 50 cm into the water. From among these, Kopp collected about forty iron swords.
1242:, is stylistically characterized by inscribed and inlaid intricate spirals and interlace, on fine bronze vessels, helmets and shields, horse trappings and elite jewelry, especially the neck rings called
1879:
In another place (ii.33.) Herodotus mentions the Ister, which "rising in the country of the Celts, beginning from the city of Pyrene, cuts Europe in half", which would have made it intersect with the
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15:
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Thielle River (today a nature reserve) and the remains of five houses on the shore. After Vouga had finished, F. Borel, curator of the Marin museum, began to excavate as well. In 1885 the
1080:
Though there is no agreement on the precise region in which La Tène culture first developed, there is a broad consensus that the center of the culture lay on the northwest edges of
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notes localization of La Tène culture during the 5th century when there arose "two zones of power and innovation: a Marne – Moselle zone in the west with trading links to the
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Extensive contacts through trade are recognized in foreign objects deposited in elite burials; stylistic influences on La Tène material culture can be recognized in
1601:
223:
137:
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in the west and modern
Bavaria and Austria in the east. In 1994 a prototypical ensemble of elite grave sites of the early 5th century BCE was excavated at
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1489:
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1740:
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paralleled by overarching social-political unifying structures, and the extent to which the material culture can be linguistically linked is debated.
1692:
1131:
reached Rome and took the city. In the 3rd century BCE, Gallic bands entered Greece and threatened the oracle of Delphi, while another band settled
327:*The silver "]" (3rd or 2nd century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near Gundestrup, ], but probably made near the ], perhaps in ]. (], ])
320:*The silver "]" (3rd or 2nd century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near Gundestrup, ], but probably made near the ], perhaps in ]. (], ])
1465:
1261:. Some subsets within the Developed Style contain more specific design trends, such as the recurrent serpentine scroll of the Waldalgesheim Style
1417:
293:(7th century BCE), found in southeast ], a four-wheeled cart with a goddess, riders with axes and shields, attendants and stags. (], ], Austria)
282:(7th century BCE), found in southeast ], a four-wheeled cart with a goddess, riders with axes and shields, attendants and stags. (], ], Austria)
1264:
Initially La Tène folk lived in open settlements that were dominated by the chieftains’ towering hill forts. The development of towns—
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asked the Société d'Histoire of Neuchâtel to continue the excavations, the results of which were published by Vouga in the same year.
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1928:
523:
1950:
1380:
An exhibition marking the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the La Tène site was launched in June 2007 at the Musée Schwab in
1373:
Interpretations of the site vary. Some scholars believe the bridge was destroyed by high water, while others see it as a place of
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La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from 450 BCE to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BCE) in
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111:
4299:
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All in all, over 2500 objects, mainly made from metal, have been excavated in La Tène. Weapons predominate, there being 166
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179:
145:
89:
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183:
100:
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814:
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72:
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172:
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Whether the usage of classical sources means that the whole of La Tène culture can be attributed to a unified
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216:
4013:
667:
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107:
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lowered the waters of the lake by about 2 m. On the northernmost tip of the lake, between the river
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1252:. It is characterized by elegant, stylized curvilinear animal and vegetal forms, allied with the
1167:
and thermoluminescence help provide date ranges in an absolute chronology at some La Tène sites.
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212:
2020:
1024:
made in Greece. Exports from La Tène cultural areas to the
Mediterranean cultures were based on
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1128:
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311:*A woman in ] (], ]) buried with an 1100 litre (290 gallon) bronze , the largest ever found.
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3429:
2826:
2749:
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2483:
1600:, a four-wheeled cart with a goddess, riders with axes and shields, attendants and stags. (
1540:
958:
730:
699:
651:
1127:, in the course of several major migrations. In the 4th century BCE, a Gallic army led by
8:
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1986:
1909:
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Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire. Des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme
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1627:
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1423:
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168:
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2116:
1993:
Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire. Des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme
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187:
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own beliefs, which, in consequence, also gave rise to distinct artistic expressions".
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16:
1108:, in a region that had formerly been considered peripheral to the La Tène sphere.
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1978:
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1630:" (3rd or 2nd century BCE), found ritually broken in a peat bog near Gundestrup,
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1815:, (Newton & Compton), Roma, 2003 ISBN 978-88-8289-851-9 , a translation of
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1505:
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1020:, France, an elite woman of the 6th century BCE was buried with a very large
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954:
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753:
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published his findings in 1868 in his influential first report on the Swiss
47:
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3000:
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were identified by Greek and Roman authors from the 5th century onwards as
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1623:) buried with an 1100 litre (290 gallon) bronze , the largest ever found.
1527:
1381:
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996:
La Tène cultural material appeared over a large area, including parts of
907:
895:, where a rich cache of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857.
892:
2886:
2657:
1293:. It is both an archaeological site and the eponymous site for the late
1180:
Some of the societies that are archaeologically identified with La Tène
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2634:
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culture". A shift of settlement centres took place in the 4th century.
953:
without any definite cultural break, under the impetus of considerable
738:
596:
1761:
A gold-and-bronze model of an oak tree (3rd century BCE) found at the
446:
For the municipality in
Neuenburg for which the culture is named, see
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2666:
2131:
2111:
2081:
1940:
Treasures Of The Celtic
Causeway - The Fiskerton Log Boat | Culture24
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1983:
La grande storia dei Celti. La nascita, l'affermazione, la decadenza
1813:
La grande storia dei Celti. La nascita, l'affermazione, la decadenza
1385:
458:
435:*A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the ] burials.
428:*A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the ] burials.
343:*"]" (350–50 BCE), found in the ], made of bronze with red ]. (], ])
336:*"]" (350–50 BCE), found in the ], made of bronze with red ]. (], ])
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3675:
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3083:
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2106:
2101:
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1524:: Burial field and earthworks of late Hallstatt–early La Tène
1511:
1455:
1294:
1112:
1111:
From their homeland, La Tène groups expanded in the 4th century to
1097:
982:
931:
927:
876:
588:
555:
302:*A woman in ] (], ]) buried with an 1100 litre (290 gallon) bronze
2896:
1377:
after a successful battle (there are almost no female ornaments).
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4196:
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4050:
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3550:
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1301:
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1132:
1120:
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997:
939:
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899:
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Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the
Western Isles
3695:
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1880:
1459:
1355:
1101:
1037:
1005:
981:, and a Bohemian zone in the east with separate links to the
1914:
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in bronze, iron and gold, developing technologically out of
1064:
1016:. Elaborate burials also reveal a wide network of trade. In
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2891:
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2806:
2639:
1605:
1413:
1328:
1243:
1216:
1197:
1189:
1085:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1025:
403:*Chariot burial found at ], ], ], late 4th century BCE. (])
1863:
Lionel
Pearson, "Herodotus on the Source of the Danube",
1754:
A life-sized sculpture of a warrior that accompanied the
1029:
392:*Chariot burial found at ], ], ], late 4th century BCE. (
2061:
1995:, Robert Laffont, Paris, 2000, without the dictionary)
1370:. Numerous human and animal bones were found as well.
1358:(most without traces of wear), 270 lanceheads, and 22
54:
4334:
3087:
2021:
Charles
Bergengren, Cleveland Institute of Art, 1999:
1819:, Robert Laffont, Paris, 2000, without the dictionary
1163:
sources. Dateable Greek pottery at La Tène sites and
3473:
949:
La Tène culture developed out of the early Iron Age
1991:ISBN 978-88-8289-851-9 (492 pp. - a translation of
1297:La Tène culture, also spelt "Latène" or "La-Tène".
483:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
367:*"] (400–200 BCE). (], ]) <ref></ref>
360:*"] (400–200 BCE). (], ]) <ref></ref>
4360:
1910:frankfurt,kultur,highlights,mystery of the kelts
1798:The Jastorf culture is the southern part of the
1575:: Tomb of a princess/priestess with burial gifts
1088:, within the region between the valleys of the
1059:
3051:
2158:
2047:
849:
3039:
200:
3099:
3063:
1327:). In 1863 he interpreted the remains as a
3075:
2172:
2165:
2151:
2054:
2040:
1384:, Switzerland. It is scheduled to move to
856:
842:
1887:is not mentioned aside from this context.
942:. To the north extended the contemporary
543:Learn how and when to remove this message
1588:Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are:
1482:, a characteristic rectangular enclosure
1063:
554:
2027:La Tène Archaeological Sites in Romania
1968:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1997
1786:
265:Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are:
258:Some outstanding La Tène artifacts are:
4361:
3016:
1596:(7th century BCE), found in southeast
1508:: an elite chariot burial, 4th century
1496:; ritual objects recovered from a well
1285:is a village on the northern shore of
977:via the central Alpine passes and the
442:Revision as of 21:08, 1 September 2014
146:Revision as of 21:08, 1 September 2014
90:Revision as of 20:13, 1 September 2014
4248:
4140:
3919:
3721:
3153:
2933:
2584:
2221:
2146:
2035:
2010:. London: British Museum Press, 1997.
2003:. London: British Museum Press, 1999.
1973:The Celts: Origins, Myths, Invention
1308:and a point south of the village of
481:adding citations to reliable sources
452:
80:
46:
4369:Archaeological sites in Switzerland
4141:
2062:Archaeological Sites in Switzerland
1223:
222:
199:
160:
143:
136:
129:
125:
99:
87:
13:
4439:Archaeological cultures in Romania
2023:illustrations of La Tène artifacts
2006:James, Simon & Rigby, Valery.
1958:
1929:British Museum - The Witham Shield
444:
419:*Chariot burial found at ] (]: ]).
412:*Chariot burial found at ] (]: ]).
35:
4455:
4444:Archaeological cultures in Serbia
4399:Archaeology of the Czech Republic
4394:Archaeological cultures of Europe
3571:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
2014:
4344:
4321:
2934:
2571:
1951:British Museum - Chertsey Shield
1388:in 2008 and the Mont Beuvray in
1138:
572:, by John Haywood (2001: 30–37).
457:
4374:Use dmy dates from October 2011
2008:Britain and the Celtic Iron Age
1944:
1933:
1922:
1749:Musée des Antiquités Nationales
468:needs additional citations for
1903:
1890:
1873:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1822:
1805:
1792:
1560:: oppidum and elaborate graves
568:are labelled. Map drawn after
206:
1:
4290:Celtic place names in Galicia
3920:
1898:The Archaeology of Celtic Art
1831:European Prehistory: a survey
1734:Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn
1657:" (350–50 BCE), found in the
1634:, but probably made near the
765:
742:
725:Southeast Asia (1000–200 BC)
440:
399:
388:
307:
298:
285:
270:
217:Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn
3722:
2232:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
1583:
1277:
1246:and elaborate clasps called
1174:
18:Browse history interactively
7:
3214:Welsh literature in English
3154:
2585:
2311:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
2222:
1900:. New York: Routledge, 2007
1774:
1502:: elite graves of La Tène I
1462:at Mont Beuvray in Burgundy
10:
4460:
4429:Archaeology of Switzerland
3234:Scottish Gaelic literature
2619:Brigantia (ancient region)
1870:.4 (October 1934:328–337).
1661:, made of bronze with red
1644:National Museum of Denmark
1514:, oppidum and elite graves
1486:
1471:Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave
1405:
1227:
445:
304:], the largest ever found.
204:
127:
4312:
4255:
4249:
4244:
4182:
4153:
4136:
4099:
4021:
4012:
3984:
3956:
3928:
3915:
3868:
3833:
3807:
3728:
3717:
3604:
3581:Hebridean Celtic Festival
3518:
3420:
3399:
3368:
3283:
3242:
3209:Welsh-language literature
3164:
3160:
3149:
3111:
3025:
2942:
2929:
2799:
2758:
2697:
2593:
2580:
2569:
2406:
2375:
2309:
2230:
2217:
2184:
2067:
1732:, late 4th century BCE. (
1204:(iv.49) correctly placed
820:Archaeometallurgical slag
570:Atlas of the Celtic World
351:
348:
233:
230:
184:Pending changes reviewers
142:
86:
4014:Ancient Celtic languages
1739:Chariot burial found at
1720:Chariot burial found at
1395:
1331:village built on piles.
1315:The Swiss archaeologist
963:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
879:culture named after the
180:Extended confirmed users
4434:Archaeology of Slovenia
4424:Archaeology of Slovakia
4285:Gaulish words in French
4270:Celtic words in English
2529:Scottish New Zealanders
2419:Anglo-Celtic Australian
1975:. London: Tempus, 2003.
1409:La Tène, Marin-Epagnier
213:Cult Wagon of Strettweg
85:
4419:Archaeology of Romania
4414:Archaeology of Hungary
4409:Archaeology of Germany
4389:Archaeology of Austria
3219:Early Irish literature
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
2509:Scotch-Irish Canadians
2504:Scotch-Irish Americans
1829:Sarunas Milisauskas ,
1680:" (4th century BCE). (
1602:Landesmuseum Johanneum
1537:: remains of dwellings
1366:, tools, and parts of
1077:
967:Etruscan civilizations
769: 400 BC – 100 AD
573:
4404:Archaeology of France
3846:Scottish independence
3591:Celtic Media Festival
3474:National music scenes
2705:Proto-Celtic religion
2407:Related ethnic groups
1208:at the source of the
1123:, and even as far as
1067:
946:of Northern Germany.
887:on the north side of
558:
4170:(Medieval Welsh law)
3780:Scottish nationalism
3430:Ancient Celtic music
2750:Romano-Celtic temple
2559:Welsh New Zealanders
2484:Irish New Zealanders
1987:Newton & Compton
1853:Mystery of the Celts
1787:Notes and references
1541:Sandberg Celtic city
959:Culture of Golasecca
746: 2000 – 100 BC
477:improve this article
3860:Irish republicanism
3841:Breton independence
3820:Scottish devolution
3753:Cornish nationalism
3576:Pan Celtic Festival
3450:Scottish folk music
3204:Scottish literature
2730:Celtic Christianity
2534:Scottish Travellers
2519:Scottish Argentines
2363:Scottish Travellers
1865:Classical Philology
1763:Oppidum of Manching
1628:Gundestrup cauldron
1617:Châtillon-sur-Seine
1300:In 1857, prolonged
957:influence from the
815:Iron Age metallurgy
620:Bronze Age collapse
3851:Welsh independence
3815:Cornish devolution
3736:Breton nationalism
3586:Celtic Connections
3189:Cornish literature
2539:Ulster Protestants
2524:Scottish Canadians
2514:Scottish Americans
2424:Anglo-Irish people
2001:The Atlantic Celts
1800:Pre-Roman Iron Age
1745:St-Germain-en-Laye
1492:, near Stuttgart:
1078:
1060:La Tène "homeland"
797:(2600 BC – 500 AD)
733:(1000 BC – 200 AD)
670:(1100 BC – 150 AD)
574:
448:La Tène, Neuchâtel
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4091:Cisalpine Gaulish
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3797:national identity
3792:Welsh nationalism
3785:national identity
3765:Irish nationalism
3713:
3712:
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3708:
3646:Cornish wrestling
3514:
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3435:Breton Folk music
3400:Regional cultures
3243:National cultures
3229:Gaelic literature
3184:Breton literature
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
2925:
2924:
2837:Chief of the Name
2710:Celtic polytheism
2627:Sub-Roman Britain
2567:
2566:
2454:Irish Australians
2434:Cornish Americans
2393:Scottish diaspora
2140:
2139:
1996:
1966:The Ancient Celts
1964:Cunliffe, Barry.
1843:Cunliffe 1997:66.
1811:Venceslas Kruta,
1781:Golasecca culture
1581:
1580:
1490:Fellbach-Schmiden
1458:, oppidum of the
1362:, along with 385
1240:Hallstatt culture
1106:Frankfurt-am-Main
1082:Hallstatt culture
979:Golasecca culture
951:Hallstatt culture
866:
865:
789:(500 BC – 300 AD)
756:(500 BC – 200 AD)
702:(500 BC – 800 AD)
694:(800 BC – 100 AD)
612:Ancient Near East
553:
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492:"La Tène culture"
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102:Giovanni Eteronni
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4120:Galwegian Gaelic
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3916:
3825:Welsh devolution
3719:
3718:
3471:
3470:
3460:Sean-nós singing
3455:Welsh folk music
3445:Irish folk music
3412:Highland culture
3194:Irish literature
3174:Arthurian Legend
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2991:Neo-Christianity
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2862:Gaelic astrology
2822:Celtic festivals
2725:Celtic mythology
2698:Ancient religion
2615:Iron Age Britain
2582:
2581:
2575:
2554:Welsh Argentines
2494:Irish Uruguayans
2489:Irish Travellers
2459:Irish Brazilians
2449:Irish Argentines
2429:Breton Americans
2383:Cornish diaspora
2345:Irish Travellers
2219:
2218:
2211:Celtic languages
2167:
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2072:Aquae Helveticae
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1990:
1979:Kruta, Venceslas
1953:
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1796:
1741:La Gorge Meillet
1695:(400–200 BCE). (
1655:Battersea Shield
1558:Vix/Mont Lassois
1403:
1402:
1400:Some sites are:
1317:Ferdinand Keller
1224:Material culture
1182:material culture
1165:dendrochronology
985:via the eastern
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4101:Scottish Gaelic
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4036:Proto-Brittonic
4008:
4004:Beurla Reagaird
3980:
3976:Scottish Gaelic
3952:
3924:
3907:
3903:Columba Project
3883:Celtic Congress
3864:
3829:
3803:
3724:
3705:
3666:Gaelic handball
3656:Gaelic football
3641:Cornish hurling
3600:
3510:
3469:
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3395:
3381:Gaelic clothing
3364:
3279:
3238:
3199:Manx literature
3156:
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3112:Other claimants
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3012:
2962:Celtic Congress
2938:
2921:
2817:Celtic calendar
2795:
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2576:
2563:
2549:Welsh Americans
2469:Irish Catholics
2464:Irish Canadians
2444:Irish Americans
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2376:Celtic diaspora
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1896:Harding, D. W.
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1693:Chertsey Shield
1586:
1398:
1325:Pfahlbaubericht
1280:
1232:
1226:
1177:
1141:
1135:in Asia Minor.
1104:, northeast of
1084:, north of the
1062:
1022:bronze cauldron
944:Jastorf culture
870:La Tène culture
862:
832:Ancient history
825:
824:
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3407:Gaelic culture
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3388:
3386:Highland dress
3383:
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3350:Pictish stones
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2715:Celtic deities
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2187:Celtic nations
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2013:
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1999:James, Simon.
1997:
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1971:Collis, John.
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1321:pile dwellings
1310:Marin-Epagnier
1287:Lake Neuchâtel
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1228:Main article:
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971:Barry Cunliffe
920:Czech Republic
889:Neuenburgersee
881:archaeological
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4379:Ancient Celts
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4054:
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4017:
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3997:
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3992:
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3989:
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3927:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Celtic League
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3870:Pan-Celticism
3867:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
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3810:
3806:
3798:
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3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3746:reunification
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3702:
3699:
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3679:
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3667:
3664:
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3649:
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3639:
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3627:
3625:
3622:
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3610:
3609:
3607:
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3597:
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3517:
3507:
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3499:
3497:
3494:
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3482:
3479:
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3466:
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3453:
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3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3360:Triple spiral
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
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3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Bardic Poetry
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3148:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:Celtic League
3024:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:Celtic League
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:Pan-Celticism
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Gaelicisation
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:Celticisation
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:Iron Age Gaul
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:Roman Britain
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Irish Mexican
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:Celtic tribes
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:, Roma, 2003
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1802:of the north.
1801:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:Bad Kreuznach
1723:
1722:Waldalgesheim
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:Witham Shield
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:, perhaps in
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:: oppidum in
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Lower Austria
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1506:Waldalgesheim
1504:
1501:
1500:Kleinaspergle
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Basel oppidum
1449:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:Engehalbinsel
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:shield bosses
1357:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:Periodization
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:Great Britain
999:
994:
992:
988:
987:Alpine routes
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Mediterranean
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
839:
837:
836:
833:
829:
828:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
806:
805:
798:
796:
792:
790:
788:
784:
778:
774:
763:
759:
755:
751:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
720:(1200–200 BC)
719:
715:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:Great Britain
689:
686:(800 – 50 BC)
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:(1100–700 BC)
661:
657:
654:(1200–700 BC)
653:
649:
648:
647:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
615:
614:(1200–550 BC)
613:
609:
608:
602:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
586:
582:
578:
577:
571:
567:
566:Celtic tribes
562:
557:
547:
544:
536:
533:February 2012
525:
522:
518:
515:
511:
508:
504:
501:
497:
494: –
493:
489:
488:Find sources:
482:
478:
472:
471:
466:This article
464:
460:
455:
454:
449:
441:
433:
431:
426:
424:
423:
417:
415:
410:
408:
407:
401:
390:
387:
381:
379:
374:
372:
371:
365:
363:
358:
356:
355:
347:
341:
339:
334:
332:
331:
325:
323:
318:
316:
315:
309:
300:
297:
287:
272:
269:
263:
261:
256:
254:
253:
249:==Artifacts==
247:
245:
242:==Artifacts==
240:
238:
237:
229:
225:
218:
214:
208:
189:
185:
181:
174:
170:
165:
156:
151:
147:
139:
131:
113:
109:
104:
95:
91:
73:
58:
51:
41:Content added
33:
30:
20:
4356:
4317:Celts portal
4275:– in Spanish
4110:Arran Gaelic
4031:Proto-Celtic
3999:Bungi Creole
3898:Celtic unity
3834:Independence
3633:
3616:
3440:Gaelic music
3376:Celtic Dress
3325:High crosses
3315:Celtic cross
3293:Bell shrines
3224:Irish annals
3006:Neo-Druidism
3001:Celtic Wicca
2972:Celtic union
2936:Modern Celts
2827:Celtic women
2735:Celtic Rites
2684:Transylvania
2544:Ulster Scots
2414:Anglo-Celtic
2261:Celtiberians
2206:
2198:
2190:
2178:modern Celts
2096:
2087:Centum Prata
2007:
2000:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1965:
1946:
1935:
1924:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1794:
1626:The silver "
1587:
1493:
1479:
1399:
1379:
1372:
1353:
1345:
1333:Eduard Desor
1324:
1314:
1299:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1247:
1233:
1214:
1210:Ister/Danube
1205:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1142:
1110:
1079:
1073:
1069:
995:
948:
897:
869:
867:
793:
785:
724:
716:
643:
610:
569:
539:
530:
520:
513:
506:
499:
487:
475:Please help
470:verification
467:
383:*"]" in ], ]
376:*"]" in ], ]
4351:Switzerland
4232:Trimarcisia
4217:Gallóglaigh
4046:Celtiberian
3770:Isle of Man
3729:Nationalism
3618:Bataireacht
3537:Calan Gaeaf
3496:Isle of Man
3340:Leaf-crowns
3330:Insular art
3303:Dragonesque
3265:Isle of Man
3119:Nova Scotia
3072:Isle of Man
2996:Neopaganism
2745:Monasticism
2256:Caledonians
1769:Noric steel
1708:Turoe stone
1611:A woman in
1528:Donnersberg
1291:Switzerland
1004:, northern
914:, Southern
908:Switzerland
893:Switzerland
777:Philippines
224:Next edit →
207:→Artifacts
188:Rollbackers
32:Next edit →
4363:Categories
4295:– in Italy
4197:Ceathairne
4061:Gallaecian
3691:Road bowls
3596:Eisteddfod
3564:Calan Awst
3560:Lughnasadh
3166:Literature
3029:definition
2852:Clan chief
2644:Roman Gaul
2635:Hen Ogledd
2361:including
2343:including
2127:Vindonissa
2092:Noviodunum
1648:Copenhagen
1608:, Austria)
1568:Luxembourg
1533:Vill near
1230:Celtic art
1125:Asia Minor
965:and later
902:, eastern
718:South Asia
597:Bronze Age
503:newspapers
4227:Redshanks
4202:Ceithearn
3930:Brittonic
3922:Languages
3555:Calan Mai
3546:Gŵyl Fair
3520:Festivals
3335:Interlace
2759:Mythology
2667:Gallaecia
2281:Galatians
2132:Vitudurum
2112:Petinesca
2082:Aventicum
1915:dead link
1636:Black Sea
1584:Artifacts
1564:Titelberg
1549:Roseldorf
1535:Innsbruck
1530:: oppidum
1518:Dürrnberg
1476:Bopfingen
1446:Petinesca
1440:Münsingen
1431:: oppidum
1420:: oppidum
1392:in 2009.
1375:sacrifice
1341:Neuchâtel
1337:geologist
1278:Discovery
1272:afterlife
1259:triskeles
1254:Hallstatt
1236:metalwork
1202:Herodotus
1175:Ethnology
1117:Po Valley
1076:Cultures.
1070:Hallstatt
975:Po Valley
787:East Asia
762:Indonesia
605:By region
561:Hallstatt
163:Sluzzelin
4212:Gaesatae
4103:dialects
4066:Lepontic
4056:Galatian
3958:Goidelic
3808:Autonomy
3723:Politics
3676:Rounders
3528:Calendar
3501:Scotland
3486:Cornwall
3481:Brittany
3369:Clothing
3320:Knotwork
3298:Brooches
3270:Scotland
3255:Cornwall
3250:Brittany
3129:Y Wladfa
3084:Scotland
3048:Cornwall
3036:Brittany
2887:Seanchaí
2882:Tanistry
2842:Derbfine
2771:Scottish
2662:Brittany
2658:Domnonée
2654:Armorica
2649:Britonia
2631:Dumnonia
2606:Dálriata
2291:Lepontii
2286:Helvetii
2271:Gallaeci
2107:Octodure
2102:Lousonna
1833:, p. 354
1775:See also
1758:burials.
1756:Glauberg
1621:Burgundy
1573:Reinheim
1512:Glauberg
1456:Bibracte
1429:Manching
1424:Jolimont
1390:Burgundy
1368:chariots
1364:brooches
1295:Iron Age
1234:La Tène
1161:Scythian
1145:Etruscan
1113:Hispania
1098:Glauberg
1010:Burgundy
989:and the
983:Adriatic
932:Slovenia
928:Slovakia
883:site of
877:Iron Age
874:European
754:Malaysia
739:Thailand
632:Caucasus
628:Anatolia
589:Iron Age
581:a series
579:Part of
352:Line 96:
349:Line 96:
234:Line 89:
231:Line 89:
173:contribs
112:contribs
56:Wikitext
4265:Deities
4222:Hobelar
4184:Warfare
4147:Warfare
4081:Pictish
4076:Cumbric
4051:Gaulish
4023:Extinct
3943:Cornish
3741:history
3686:Hurling
3660:Ladies'
3651:Curling
3624:Camogie
3551:Beltane
3533:Samhain
3491:Ireland
3260:Ireland
3155:Culture
3124:England
3060:Ireland
3018:Nations
2917:Coinage
2907:Warfare
2800:Society
2791:Cornish
2781:British
2689:Galatia
2679:Balkans
2587:Studies
2324:Cornish
2319:Bretons
2296:Noricum
2251:Britons
2224:Peoples
2117:Turicum
2097:La Tène
1730:Germany
1716:Ireland
1632:Denmark
1598:Austria
1522:Hallein
1435:Mormont
1306:Thielle
1302:drought
1283:La Tène
1249:fibulae
1192:") and
1133:Galatia
1129:Brennus
1121:Balkans
1094:Moselle
1074:La Tène
1046:leather
1014:Austria
998:Ireland
991:Venetic
940:Romania
936:Hungary
916:Germany
912:Austria
900:Belgium
885:La Tène
731:Vietnam
668:Balkans
517:scholar
4337:Portal
4260:Tribes
4207:Fianna
3994:Shelta
3938:Breton
3758:status
3696:Shinty
3671:Gouren
3635:Cnapan
3629:Cammag
3542:Imbolc
3465:Carnyx
3391:Tartan
3310:Carnyx
3077:Mannin
3053:Kernow
3041:Breizh
2911:Gaelic
2867:Fáinne
2812:Brehon
2786:Breton
2740:Druids
2594:Places
2301:Volcae
2246:Belgae
2207:·
2205:
2199:·
2197:
2191:·
2189:
1885:Pyrene
1712:Galway
1701:London
1686:London
1671:London
1663:enamel
1659:Thames
1640:Thrace
1386:Zürich
1382:Bienne
1356:swords
1349:canton
1329:Celtic
1267:oppida
1217:Celtic
1206:Keltoi
1186:Keltoi
1157:Dacian
1149:Italic
1119:, the
1115:, the
1034:copper
1012:, and
961:, the
924:Poland
918:, the
904:France
872:was a
795:Africa
652:Aegean
645:Europe
636:Levant
583:on the
519:
512:
505:
498:
490:
193:34,715
67:Inline
49:Visual
4250:Lists
4071:Noric
3986:Mixed
3966:Irish
3948:Welsh
3612:Bando
3605:Sport
3506:Wales
3422:Music
3355:Torcs
3345:Mazes
3275:Wales
3101:Cymru
3096:Wales
2979:Music
2902:Vates
2897:Túath
2847:Druid
2776:Welsh
2766:Irish
2357:Scots
2339:Irish
2334:Gaels
2329:Welsh
2276:Gauls
2266:Gaels
2237:Names
2209:
2201:
2193:
2174:Celts
1919:]
1881:Rhone
1710:" in
1545:Platt
1543:near
1520:near
1460:Aedui
1396:Sites
1339:from
1244:torcs
1198:Gauls
1194:Galli
1190:Celts
1153:Greek
1102:Hesse
1090:Marne
1038:amber
1006:Spain
660:Italy
524:JSTOR
510:books
291:The ]
195:edits
121:edits
4145:and
3971:Manx
3858:and
3089:Alba
3065:Éire
2984:Rock
2892:Sept
2872:Fili
2807:Bard
2610:Alba
2352:Manx
2176:and
1606:Graz
1592:The
1547:and
1414:Bern
1335:, a
1200:").
1159:and
1092:and
1086:Alps
1072:and
1068:The
1054:gold
1052:and
1050:furs
1044:and
1042:wool
1032:and
1026:salt
1000:and
938:and
868:The
496:news
169:talk
155:undo
150:edit
108:talk
94:edit
4155:Law
4143:Law
3285:Art
2877:Law
1665:. (
1642:. (
1613:Vix
1551:in
1100:in
1030:tin
1018:Vix
891:in
479:by
394:]:
211:wl
4365::
2660:/
2656:/
2642:/
2633:/
2629:/
2625:/
2621:/
2617:/
2608:/
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1981:,
1883:;
1868:29
1751:).
1747::
1728:,
1724:,
1714:,
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1699:,
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1684:,
1669:,
1646:,
1619:,
1604:,
1478::
1416:,
1289:,
1274:.
1196:("
1188:("
1155:,
1151:,
1147:,
1056:.
1048:,
1040:,
1036:,
1028:,
1008:,
969:.
934:,
930:,
926:,
922:,
910:,
906:,
830:↓
766:c.
743:c.
634:,
630:,
595:↑
396:])
209::
186:,
182:,
171:|
119:58
110:|
4339::
3662:)
3658:(
3562:/
3553:/
3544:/
3535:/
3104:)
3098:(
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3074:(
3068:)
3062:(
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3050:(
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3038:(
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2909:(
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521:·
514:·
507:·
500:·
473:.
450:.
289:*
280:"
276:"
274:*
201:m
175:)
167:(
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