3919:. The massacres had been mainly perpetrated by the Atlacatl Battalion, the first "rapid response unit" to be trained in the U.S. The certification report was only six pages long. William Leogrande remarked that the report “contained little evidence to support the declaratory judgments that progress had been made in all of the areas required by law. The report refused to acknowledge any government complicity in human rights violations...Moreover the report flatly denied that the paramilitary death squads were linked to the government.” Leogrande further stated that "no independent human rights group agreed with the Reagan administration’s portrait of the situation." The Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union jointly referred to the report as a "fraud." Subsequent reports by U.S. agencies on the human rights situation were met with similar incredulity and contempt. A review of the Department of State's 1983 report on human rights in El Salvador by Americas Watch, Helsinki Watch and the Lawyers Committee for International Human Rights concluded "all in all, this is a dreadful report."The Reagan Administration's actions included vociferous denunciations of their critics. In a retrospective report entitled El Salvador's Decade of Terror: Human Rights Since the Assassination of Archbishop Romero, Human Rights Watch summarized the administration's behavior thusly, "during the Reagan years in particular, not only did the United States fail to press for improvements...but in an effort to maintain backing for U.S. policy, it misrepresented the record of the Salvadoran government and smeared critics who challenged that record. In so doing, the administration needlessly polarized the debate in the United States and did a grave injustice to the thousands of civilian victims of government terror in El Salvador."
1329:{{quote |2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of extrajudicial killings, which coincided with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s June 2006 declaration of an “all-out war” against communist insurgents called the National People’s Army (NPA)...the Philippine government is consistently failing in its obligations under international human rights law to hold accountable perpetrators of politically motivated killings....With inconclusive investigations, implausible suspects, and no convictions, impunity prevails....Out of hundreds of killings and “disappearances” over the past five years, there have been only two successfully prosecuted cases resulting in the conviction of four defendants....The number of senior military officers convicted either for direct involvement or under command responsibility remains zero. The doctrine of command responsibility in international law means that superior officers can be held criminally liable for the actions of their subordinates, and also if a superior had reason to know that subordinates under his command committed an offence and failed to use all feasible means under his command to prevent and punish it, he too may be found guilty for the offence.|Human Rights Watch|<ref name=hrwUsig>http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/03/10/philip18248_txt.htm</ref>}}
1322:{{quote |2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of extrajudicial killings, which coincided with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s June 2006 declaration of an “all-out war” against communist insurgents called the National People’s Army (NPA)...the Philippine government is consistently failing in its obligations under international human rights law to hold accountable perpetrators of politically motivated killings....With inconclusive investigations, implausible suspects, and no convictions, impunity prevails....Out of hundreds of killings and “disappearances” over the past five years, there have been only two successfully prosecuted cases resulting in the conviction of four defendants....The number of senior military officers convicted either for direct involvement or under command responsibility remains zero. The doctrine of command responsibility in international law means that superior officers can be held criminally liable for the actions of their subordinates, and also if a superior had reason to know that subordinates under his command committed an offence and failed to use all feasible means under his command to prevent and punish it, he too may be found guilty for the offence.|Human Rights Watch|<ref name=hrwUsig>http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/03/10/philip18248_txt.htm</ref>}}
2802:, and, of course, the Cuban missile crisis. Less attention has been given to the state of U.S.-Cuban relations in the aftermath of the missile crisis.” In contrast Rabe writes that reports from the Church Committee reveal that from June 1963 onward the Kennedy administration intensified its war against Cuba while the CIA integrated propaganda, "economic denial", and sabotage to attack the Cuban state as well as specific targets within. One example cited is an incident where CIA agents, seeking to assassinate Castro, provided a Cuban official, Rolando Cubela Secades, with a ballpoint pen rigged with a poisonous hypodermic needle. At this time the CIA received authorization for thirteen major operations within Cuba; these included attacks on an electric power plant, an oil refinery, and a sugar mill. Historian Stephen Rabe has observed that the “Kennedy administration...showed no interest in Castro's repeated request that the United States cease its campaign of sabotage and terrorism against Cuba. Kennedy did not pursue a dual-track policy toward Cuba....The United States would entertain only proposals of surrender." Rabe further documents how "Exile groups, such as
3833:
country in the period 1980 to 1991. The truth commission found that the terrorism that was committed in the country was overwhelmingly governmental terrorism, committed by the
Salvadoran army, the National Guard, and their death squads and affiliated agencies. They were responsible for 95 percent of the deaths, the guerrillas for only five percent. These were the same institutions that were the concern and the favorites of Washington—receiving its indoctrination and training and profiting from its largess. El Salvador received six billion dollars in aid from Washington in the period 1979 to 1992. This subsidy to the tiny country during the government repression and terrorism came to average out at $ 100,000 for each member of its armed forces. This subsidy allowed the government to pay for the terrorist activities committed by the security forces. By virtue of this largess and the military training, notably in counterinsurgency warfare, Washington emerges in this chapter as an accessory before and during the fact. By covering up for San Salvador after it had committed terror, Washington was an accessory after the fact. It gave diplomatic support to state terrorism.
3662:"The human rights records of the Guatemalan security services — the D-2 and the Department of Presidential Security (known informally as "Archivos," after one of its predecessor organizations) — were generally known to have been reprehensible by all who were familiar with Guatemala. U.S. policy-makers knew of both the CIA's liaison with them and the services' unsavory reputations. The CIA endeavored to improve the behavior of the Guatemalan services through frequent and close contact and by stressing the importance of human rights — insisting, for example, that Guatemalan military intelligence training include human rights instruction. The station officers assigned to Guatemala and the CIA headquarters officials whom we interviewed believe that the CIA's contact with the Guatemalan services helped improve attitudes towards human rights. Several indices of human rights observance indeed reflected improvement — whether or not this was due to CIA efforts — but egregious violations continued, and some of the station's closest contacts in the security services remained a part of the problem.
1263:"I don’t accept the view that we can just condemn the ] terror, period, because it was so horrible. I think we really have to ask questions of comparative costs, ugly as that may sound. And if we are going to take a moral position on this—and I think we should—we have to ask both what the consequences were of using terror and not using terror." He writes that according to Chomsky the U.S. is the most reprehensible of all nations and that US leaders should be brought to trial for their crimes. Windschuttle writes "Yet Chomsky’s moral perspective is completely one-sided. No matter how great the crimes of the regimes he has favored, such as China, Vietnam, and Cambodia under the communists, Chomsky has never demanded their leaders be captured and tried for war crimes. Instead, he has defended these regimes for many years to the best of his ability through the use of evidence he must have realized was selective, deceptive, and in some cases invented."
4644:, but found no proof linking the murder of activists to a "national policy" as claimed by the left-wing groups. On the other hand the report "linked state security forces to the murder of militants and recommended that military officials, notably retired major general Jovito Palparan, be held liable under the principle of command responsibility for killings in their areas of assignment." E. San Juan, Jr. writes that later, in February 2007, UN Special Rapporteur Philip Alston implicated the Philippine police and military as responsible for the crimes. Alston charged in his report that Arroyo’s propaganda and counter-insurgency strategy “encourage or facilitate the extra-judicial killings of activists and other enemies” of the state. and that "the AFP remains in a state of almost total denial… of its need to respond effectively and authentically to the significant number of killings which have been convincingly attributed to them".
2117:
reaching executive power in the country." Intending to drawing a pejorative linkage to the atrocities of ]'s ], during which millions were persecuted and an estimated half million killed,<ref>{{cite book | author=Harry
Harding | editor=Roderick MacFarquhar | title=The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1997 | id=ISBN 978-0521588638 | pages=242-244}}</ref> the centrist Italian Republican party said the report was worthy of a 1970s ] group. Aldo Giannuli, a historian who works as a consultant to the parliamentary terrorism commission, see the release of the Left Democrats' report is a manoeuvre dictated primarily by domestic political considerations. "Since they have been in power the Left Democrats have given us very little help in gaining access to security service archives," he said. "This is a falsely courageous report."<ref name = "anti"> {{cite journal
3538:"the Guatemalan truth commission was right to single out the CIA for special mention. Between 1965 and 1981, I served in our embassies in Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. I watched as the CIA recruited dozens of paid informants from the right-wing fringes of Central American society. These ideologues regarded labor union leaders threatening a strike or student activists protesting the closing of a newspaper as agents of subversion. I watched as CIA reports to Washington characterized as Communist or Communist sympathizers, brave men and women whose only crime was to work for the restoration of democratic government and against the U.S.- supported military dictator. Worst of all, I watched as the CIA shared its "intelligence" with the leaders of these military regimes. Not unnaturally these authorities regarded any person fingered in an official CIA report as a legitimate target for persecution, even death."
4533:
obligations under international human rights law to hold accountable perpetrators of politically motivated killings....With inconclusive investigations, implausible suspects, and no convictions, impunity prevails....Out of hundreds of killings and “disappearances” over the past five years, there have been only two successfully prosecuted cases resulting in the conviction of four defendants....The number of senior military officers convicted either for direct involvement or under command responsibility remains zero. The doctrine of command responsibility in international law means that superior officers can be held criminally liable for the actions of their subordinates, and also if a superior had reason to know that subordinates under his command committed an offence and failed to use all feasible means under his command to prevent and punish it, he too may be found guilty for the offence.
845:'''International terrorism''' involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any state. These acts appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum. <nowiki>]</nowiki>|Definition under which the ] operates|<ref></ref>}}
3915:
Commission report, over 75% of the serious acts of violence reported took place during the Reagan administration’s time in office. Cynthia Arnson argues that when the killing was at its height, “the Reagan administration downplayed the scale of abuse as well as the involvement of state actors.” When
Congress passed a law, unpopular with the Reagan administration, which placed conditions of assurances of human rights compliance and progress on agrarian reforms, the administration issued certification reports every six months that drew heavy criticism, particularly from human rights groups. The first certification report was submitted on January 28, 1982. On the eve of the reports The Washington Post and New York Times published feature articles by American investigative journalists describing massacres in early December of 1981 in and around the village of
710:{{quote |Terrorism is an anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby - in contrast to assassination - the direct targets of violence are not the main targets. The immediate human victims of violence are generally chosen randomly (targets of opportunity) or selectively (representative or symbolic targets) from a target population, and serve as message generators. Threat- and violence-based communication processes between terrorist (organization), (imperiled) victims, and main targets are used to manipulate the main target (audience(s)), turning it into a target of terror, a target of demands, or a target of attention, depending on whether intimidation, coercion, or propaganda is primarily sought.|]|<ref name="un" />}}
3796:
numberless license plates, terror tactics included publishing death lists of future victims, delivering empty coffins to the doorsteps of future victims and sending potential victims invitations to their own funeral. Cynthia Arnson, a long-time writer on Latin
America for Human Rights Watch, argues that “the objective of death squad terror seemed not only elimination of opponents, but also, through torture and the gruesome disfiguration of bodies, the terrorization of the population.” In the mid-1980s state terror in El Salvador increasingly took the form of indiscriminate air forces bombing, the planting of mines and harassment of national and international medical personnel- “all indicate that although death rates attributable to death squads have declined in El Salvador since 1983, non-combatant victims of the civil war have increased dramatically.
3563:") issued a report which, among other things, stated that "The CEH recognises that the movement of Guatemala towards polarisation, militarization and civil war was not just the result of national history. The cold war also played an important role. Whilst anti-communism, promoted by the United States within the framework of its foreign policy, received firm support from right-wing political parties and from various other powerful actors in Guatemala, the United States demonstrated that it was willing to provide support for strong military regimes in its strategic backyard. In the case of Guatemala, military assistance was directed towards reinforcing the national intelligence apparatus and for training the officer corps in counterinsurgency techniques, key factors which had significant bearing on human rights violations during the armed confrontation."
1351:
but as Human Rights Watch writes: {{quote |itnesses are indeed reluctant to cooperate with police investigations, because of fear that they would be targeted by doing so. An extremely weak witness protection program exacerbates this problem....olice are often unwilling to vigorously investigate cases implicating members of the AFP. Families of some victims told Human Rights Watch that when they reported relevant cases to the police, police often demanded that the families themselves produce evidence and witnesses. Even when police filed cases with a court, they often identified the perpetrators either as long-wanted members of the NPA or simply as “John Doe.” Some families told Human Rights Watch that police gave up investigating after only a few days.|Human Rights Watch|<ref name="hrwUsig">}}
1359:
but as Human Rights Watch writes: {{quote |itnesses are indeed reluctant to cooperate with police investigations, because of fear that they would be targeted by doing so. An extremely weak witness protection program exacerbates this problem....olice are often unwilling to vigorously investigate cases implicating members of the AFP. Families of some victims told Human Rights Watch that when they reported relevant cases to the police, police often demanded that the families themselves produce evidence and witnesses. Even when police filed cases with a court, they often identified the perpetrators either as long-wanted members of the NPA or simply as “John Doe.” Some families told Human Rights Watch that police gave up investigating after only a few days.|Human Rights Watch|<ref name="hrwUsig"
3648:"Relations between the U.S. and Guatemalan governments came under strain in 1977, when the Carter administration issued its first annual human rights report on Guatemala. The Guatemalan government rejected that report's negative assessment and refused U.S. military aid." "Relations between the two countries warmed in the mid-1980's with gradual improvements in human rights and the Reagan administration's emphasis on curbing the spread of communism in Central America. After a civilian government under President Cerezo was elected in 1985, overt non-lethal US military aid to Guatemala resumed. In December 1990, however, largely as a result of the killing of US citizen Michael DeVine by members of the Guatemalan army, the Bush administration suspended almost all overt military aid."
3938:. The U.S. State Department provided detailed evidence for the links between the FMLN, Nicaragua, Cuba and the Soviet Union in its White Paper,"The Communist Interference in El Salvador." The document argues that the U.S. chose the most viable middle path between the right and left extremes undermining the country. The U.S. supported the Duarte government which worked with "some success to deal with the serious political and economic problem that most concern the people of El Salvador." Military aid and training given to Salvador eventually professionalized their armed forces and prevented the insurrection by guerrillas from succeeding. The death of many innocent civilians is regarded as regrettable but necessary for Salvadoran and American security, and future prosperity.
3651:"The US worked with the De Leon government in attempting to strengthen democracy and human rights ... The US also joined the "Group of Friends of the Peace Process," which continues to work to bring an end to Guatemala's 35-year-old internal conflict ... There has been some improvement over time in the Guatemalan military's accountability with regard to human rights violations. Whereas in the 1980's the army acted with total impunity, in the 1990's military personnel were for the first time charged, convicted, and imprisoned for some of their crimes. Senior officers, however, are still rarely charged for their roles in ordering or covering up such crimes. Human rights problems, including cases involving US citizens, remain a serious concern in US-Guatemalan relations."
3129:
played an important role in facilitating the movement of men and weapons into the region. Havana provides direct support in the form of training, arms, safe havens, and advice to a wide variety of guerrilla groups. Many of these groups engage in terrorist operations." Cuba "encouraged terrorism in the hope of provoking indiscriminate violence and repression, in order to weaken government legitimacy and attract new converts to armed struggle" In 1992, after the Soviet collapse, Fidel Castro stressed that his country’s support for insurgents abroad was a thing of the past. Currently, Cuba is accused by the US of refusing to extradite US fugitives, taking no action against designated
Foreign Terrorist Organizations, and providing safe haven to members of
1391:{{quote |Most of those killed or "disappeared" were peasant or worker activists belonging to progressive groups such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and others (Petras and Abaya 2006). They were protesting Arroyo's repressive taxation, collusion with foreign capital tied to oil and mining companies that destroy people's livelihood and environment, fraudulent use of public funds, and other anti-people measures. Such groups and individuals have been tagged as "communist fronts" by Arroyo's National Security Advisers, the military, and police; the latter agencies have been implicated in perpetrating or tolerating those ruthless atrocities.|Dr. ]|<ref name="classstruggle">http://www.ahrchk.net/ahrc-in-news/mainfile.php/2006ahrcinnews/865/</ref>}}
1384:{{quote |Most of those killed or "disappeared" were peasant or worker activists belonging to progressive groups such as ], ], ], ], ], ], and others (Petras and Abaya 2006). They were protesting Arroyo's repressive taxation, collusion with foreign capital tied to oil and mining companies that destroy people's livelihood and environment, fraudulent use of public funds, and other anti-people measures. Such groups and individuals have been tagged as "communist fronts" by Arroyo's National Security Advisers, the military, and police; the latter agencies have been implicated in perpetrating or tolerating those ruthless atrocities.|Dr. ]|<ref name="classstruggle">http://www.ahrchk.net/ahrc-in-news/mainfile.php/2006ahrcinnews/865/</ref>}}
3241:
support for political terrorism... The corollary to the idealism embraced by the
Republicans in the realm of diplomatic public policy debate was thus political terror. In the dirtiest of Latin America’s dirty wars, their faith in America’s mission justified atrocities in the name of liberty.” In his analysis, Grandin emphasizes that the behaviour of the U.S. backed-contras was particularly inhumane and vicious: "In Nicaragua, the U.S.-backed Contras decapitated, castrated, and otherwise mutilated civilians and foreign aid workers. Some earned a reputation for using spoons to gorge their victims eye’s out. In one raid, Contras cut the breasts of a civilian defender to pieces and ripped the flesh off the bones of another.”
730:{{quote| the purposeful act or threat of violence to create fear and/or compliant behavior in a victim and/or audience of the act or threat. ... this definition helps to distinguish terrorism from other forms of political violence. Not all acts of state violence are terrorism. It is important to understand that in terrorism the violence threatened or perpetrated, has purposes broader than simple physical harm to a victim. The audience of the act or threat of violence is more important than the immediate victim.|Michael Stohl, Professor of Political Science at Purdue University|<ref>Stohl, National Interests and State Terrorism, The Politics of Terrorism, Marcel Dekker 1988, p.275</ref>}}
3612:“On December 4, 1982, President Reagan met with Guatemalan President Rios Montt in Honduras and dismissed reports of human rights abuses in Guatemala published by Americas Watch, Amnesty International and others as a “bum wrap” The following month the Reagan administration announced that it was ending a “five-year embargo on arms sale to Guatemala and had approved a sale of $ 6.36 million worth of military spare parts to the country. This sale was approved despite U.S. law forbidding arms sales to governments engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. “ (Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984,p. 135)
4625:, this proclamation "grants exceptional unchecked powers to the executive branch", placing the country in a state of emergency and permitting the police and security forces to "conduct warrantless arrests against enemies of the state, including...members of the political opposition and journalists from critical media outlets." With 185 dead, 2006 is so far (2007) the highest annual mark for extra-judicial government murders. Of the 2006 killings, the dead were "mostly left-leaning activists, murdered without trial or punishment for the perpetrators." The issuance of the proclamation conspicuously coincided with a dramatic increase in political violence and extra-judicial killings.
1417:
State
Department admitted that the presence of ] and other military advisers had "helped create an environment in which ] abuses increased", commenting that 'there were allegations by human rights groups that these problems worsened as the Government sought to intensify its campaign against the ] ] Group (ASG).'" Further, in 2003 the U.S. government — in anticipation that its military personnel would be charged with human rights abuses — offered the Philippines' government an extra US$ 30 million of military aid in exchange for "an agreement that would exempt U.S. soldiers operating in the Philippines from the ]".<ref name="terrtortphil"></ref>
1409:
State
Department admitted that the presence of ] and other military advisers had "helped create an environment in which ] abuses increased", commenting that 'there were allegations by human rights groups that these problems worsened as the Government sought to intensify its campaign against the ] ] Group (ASG).'" Further, in 2003 the U.S. government — in anticipation that its military personnel would be charged with human rights abuses — offered the Philippines' government an extra US$ 30 million of military aid in exchange for "an agreement that would exempt U.S. soldiers operating in the Philippines from the ]".<ref name="terrtortphil"></ref>
3595:
humanitarian, less costly strategy, to be more compatible with the democratic system. We instituted Civil
Affairs which provides development for 70 percent of the people while we kill 30 percent. Before the strategy was to kill 100 percent."}} When the Harvard Crimson asked if these statements accurately represented his views, he retreated, suggesting that the transcript reflected a certain lack of linguistic dexterity, his characteristic use of "broken English." "I really did not mean exactly 'kill,'" but rather that soldiers cannot "renounce coercive action" and that the military is now "going to make a very clear distinction between ." The article also stated:
2861:"Terrorism and violence, crimes against Cuba, have been part and parcel of U.S. policy for almost half a century.” The claims formed part of Cuba's $ 181.1 billion lawsuit in 1999 in Havana's Popular Provincial Tribunal against the United States on behalf of the Cuban people which alleged that for over 40 years, "terrorism has been permanently used by the U.S. as an instrument of its foreign policy against Cuba," and it "became more systematic as a result of the covert action program." The lawsuit detailed a history of terrorism allegedly supported by the United States. The United States has long denied any involvement in the acts named in the lawsuit.
3233:, has written that "American pilots were flying diverse kinds of combat missions against Nicaraguan troops and carrying supplies to contras inside Nicaraguan territory. Several were shot down and killed. Some flew in civilian clothes, after having been told that they would be disavowed by the Pentagon if captured. Some contras told American congressmen that they were ordered to claim responsibility for a bombing raid organized by the CIA and flown by Agency mercenaries." According to Blum the Pentagon considered U.S. policy in Nicaragua to be a "blueprint for successful U.S. intervention in the Third World" and it would go "right into the textbooks".
4783:
found the Arroyo administration responsible for political killings in the
Philippines was not much more than a kangaroo court -- a view shared by Malacañang officials and their allies in Congress. He said the verdict was “not serious” because the accused were not even invited to the sessions. The head of the European Commission in the Philippines, said the European Union would not issue any statement on the PPT’s verdict because the tribunal was a "nonofficial body, nongovernment." The Dutch ambassador to the Philippines stated that the Netherlands, along with other European nations, was concerned about the human rights situation in the Philippines.
4490:
killings, many of which had been linked to government anti-insurgency operations. Interior Assistant Secretary Danilo Valero said the sharp decline, 83%, in the number of political killings last year, as well as the filing of cases against the suspects, “underline the Arroyo government’s strong commitment to human rights and its firm resolve to put an end to these unexplained killings and put their perpetrators behind bars.” Task Force Usig was created in 2006 as the government’s response to the extrajudicial killings. Valero said the yearend statistics showed “the creation of the task force has been a deterrent” to such crimes.
3486:
intelligence system were records of communist party members, pro-Arbenz organizations, teacher associations, and peasant unions which were used to create a detailed “Black List” with names and information about some 70,000 individuals that were viewed as potential subversives. It was “CIA counter-intelligence officers who sorted the records and determined how they could be put to use.” McClintock argues that this list persisted as an index of subversives for several decades and probably served as a database of possible targets for the counter-insurgency campaign that began in the early 1960s.
2786:
continued through the tensest moments of the missile crisis,” remarking that “they were formally canceled on October 30, several days after the Kennedy and Khrushchev agreement, but went on nonetheless.” Accordingly, "the Executive Committee of the National Security Council recommended various courses of action, "including ‘using selected Cuban exiles to sabotage key Cuban installations in such a manner that the auction can plausibly be attributed to Cubans in Cuba’ as well as ‘sabotaging Cuban cargo and shipping, and Bloc cargo and shipping to Cuba." Peter Kornbluh, senior analyst at the
3237:
launched a series of terrorist actions from the “mothership” off Nicaragua’s coast. In September 1983, the agency attacked Puerto Sandino with rockets. The following month, frogmen blew up the underwater oil pipeline in the same port- the only one in the country. In October there was an attack on Pierto Corinto, Nicaragua’s largest port, with mortars, rockets and grenades, blowing up five large oil and gasoline storage tanks. More than a hundred people were wounded, and the fierce fire, which could not be brought under control for two days, forced the evacuation of 23,000 people.”
3530:"the United States was not backing one side in a civil war but rather a campaign of official terror. Of the more than 200,000 victims, the commission found that the army and other state agents killed 93 percent. With direct orders from the government's highest echelons and the military high command, soldiers carried out a scorched-earth policy burning Mayan villages and throwing the still-living victims into common burial pits. Declassified documents reveal that Washington knew of these acts of genocide yet our government continued its assistance to the Guatemalan military."
3338:
between Nicaragua and to the insurgents in El Salvador in 1979-81. However, there was not enough evidence to show that the Nicaraguan government was imputable for this or that the US response was proportional. The court also found established that certain transborder incursions into the territory of Guatemala and Costa Rica, in 1982, 1983 and 1984, were imputable to the Government of Nicaragua. However, neither Guatemala and Costa Rica made any request for intervention by the US and El Salvador only in 1984, well after the US intervention started.
2794:) meeting that was held on the missile crisis, Attorney General Robert Kennedy “convened a meeting of the Operation Mongoose team” expressing disappointment in its results and pledging to take a closer personal attention on the matter. Kornbluh accused RFK of taking “the most irrational position during the most extraordinary crisis in the history of U. S. foreign policy”, remarking that “Not to belabor the obvious, but for chrissake, a nuclear crisis is happening and Bobby wants to start blowing things up.”.
2096:}}</ref> such as political ],<ref> Hans Depraetere and Jenny Dierickx, ''"La Guerre froide en Belgique"'' ("Cold War in Belgium") (EPO-Dossier, Anvers, 1986) {{fr icon}} </ref> and military coups in ]{{Fact|date=March 2008}} and ].<ref name="Our boys"> Selahattin Celik, ''Türkische Konterguerilla. Die Todesmaschinerie'' (Köln: Mesopotamien Verlag, 1999; see also ''Olüm Makinasi Türk Kontrgerillasi'', 1995), quoting Cuneyit Arcayurek, ''Coups and the Secret Services'', p.190 </ref>
1272:] has in turn accused Chomsky of hypocrisy and misrepresentation when criticizing the US and the War of Terror. He writes that Chomsky in a response to the ] bombing alleged that a Human Rights Watch report had stated that the US 1998 Sudan bombing probably led to tens of thousands of deaths. Human Rights Watch issued a statement denying it had produced any such figure. Windschuttle criticizes Chomsky for defending terror by groups he has favored <ref>Windschuttle, Keith. "", '']'', ] ]</ref>
3748:'s sole link to the SOA is that he had taken a course in Radio Operations long before El Salvador's civil war began. They also argue that no school should be held accountable for the actions of only some of its many graduates. Before coming to the current WHINSEC each student is now “vetted” by his/her nation and the U.S. embassy in that country. All students are now required to receive "human rights training in law, ethics, rule of law and practical applications in military and police operations."
4584:, and others (Petras and Abaya 2006). They were protesting Arroyo's repressive taxation, collusion with foreign capital tied to oil and mining companies that destroy people's livelihood and environment, fraudulent use of public funds, and other anti-people measures. Such groups and individuals have been tagged as "communist fronts" by Arroyo's National Security Advisers, the military, and police; the latter agencies have been implicated in perpetrating or tolerating those ruthless atrocities.
3046:. The archive also alleges that while Posada stopped being a CIA agent in 1974, there remained "occasional contact" until June 1976, a few months before the bombing. The Cuban ambassador to the U.N. stated that Posada had been "doubly employed by the Government of the U.S." both before and after the bombing of the Cubana aircraft. After escaping from prison in Venezuela, Posada, who has boasted of plans to "hit" a Cuban airliner only days before the attack, went to work alongside CIA operative
1191:::US policy recognizes that indirect, rather than direct, applications of US military power are the most appropriate and cost-effective ways to achieve national goals in a LIC environment. The principal US military instrument in LIC is security assistance in the form of training, equipment, services and combat support. When LIC threatens friends and allies, the aim of security assistance is to ensure that their military institutions can provide security for their citizens and government.
3442:...estimate that the Guatemalan conflict claimed the lives of some 200,000 people with the most savage bloodletting occurring in the 1980s. Based on a review of about 20% of the dead, the panel blamed the army for 93% of the killings and leftist guerrillas for three percent. Four percent were listed as unresolved....the army committed 626 massacres against Mayan villages... "eliminated entire Mayan villages... completely exterminat Mayan communities, destroy their livestock and crops."
2724:
civilians, whether committed by state actors or their non-state enemies." Moreover, Falk argues that the repudiation of authentic non-state terrorism is insufficient as a strategy for mitigating it, writing that "we must also illuminate the character of terrorism, and its true scope... The propagandists of the modern state conceal its reliance on terrorism and associate it exclusively with Third World revolutionaries and their leftist sympathizers in the industrial countries."
4702:
upgrade Philippine marine and counter-terrorism capabilities. Allegedly, development aid has been used "to intensify attack...against unarmed civilians including the leaders and members of legal people's organizations.""While development aid may be used for livelihood projects, infrastructure, or social services, we fear that the AFP will only use such projects to gather intelligence or launch special operations in communities that they believe are NPA bases."
2979:
2496:
1258:] has in turn accused Chomsky of hypocrisy and misrepresentation when criticizing the US and the War of Terror. He writes that Chomsky in a response to the ] bombing alleged that a Human Rights Watch report had stated that the US 1998 Sudan bombing probably led to tens of thousands of deaths. Human Rights Watch issued a statement denying it had produced any such figure. Windschuttle criticizes Chomsky for defending terror by groups he has favored
4833:
4287:
4505:
international fact-finding mission of Dutch and Belgian judges and lawyers, Task Force Usig 'has not proven to be an independent body…the PNP has a poor record as far as the effective investigation of the killings is concerned and is mistrusted by the Philippine people." Task Force Usig dismissed nearly half of the 114 cases of assassination as "cold" and, of the 58 cases where charges were brought, has secured only convictions only twice.
825:{{quote|'''Domestic terrorism''' refers to activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. <nowiki>]</nowiki>
71:
3741:
human rights abusers in the hemisphere." He further argues that people protesting against the school are frequently beaten and arrested, "By the year 2002, 71 demonstrators had served a total of 40 years of jail time for protesting in front of the School of the Americas". This includes an 88 year old nun. Gareau alleges that by funding, training and supervising Guatemalan 'Death Squads' Washington was complicit in state terrorism.
3219:...selective use of armed force for PSYOP psychological operations effect.... Carefully selected, planned targets — judges, police officials, tax collectors, etc. — may be removed for PSYOP effect in a UWOA unconventional warfare operations area, but extensive precautions must insure that the people “concur” in such an act by thorough explanatory canvassing among the affected populace before and after conduct of the mission.
3629:, Director of the Institute for Policy Research & Development states: "In particular, the U.S. client regimes in El Salvador and Guatemala regularly massacred their own populations, slaughtering over 100,000 civilians during the 1980s and into the beginning of 1990s. Yet the U.S. continued to sponsor such terrorism, propping up the dictatorships responsible for such violence while actively helping them carry it out..."
2543:
4549:
of some victims told Human Rights Watch that when they reported relevant cases to the police, police often demanded that the families themselves produce evidence and witnesses. Even when police filed cases with a court, they often identified the perpetrators either as long-wanted members of the NPA or simply as “John Doe.” Some families told Human Rights Watch that police gave up investigating after only a few days.
1180:::Low intensity conflict is a political-military confrontation between contending states or groups ... ranges from subversion to the use of armed force. It is waged by a combination of means, employing political, economic, informational, and military instruments....LIC operations...can advance US international goals such as the growth of freedom, democratic institutions, and free market economies....
3617:“During most of 1983, the Reagan Administration continued to dispute reports of human rights abuses in Guatemala. When Americas Watch published its May 1983 report on Guatemala, Creating a Desolation and Calling it Peace, Elliott Abrams, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, attempted to discredit it publicly. (Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984, 135)
4444:
through mass slaughter and to confront its leaders with the prospect of national annihilation....the idea that massive death can be deliberately inflicted on a helpless civilian population as a tactic of war certainly qualifies as state terror of unprecedented magnitude, particularly as the United States stood on the edge of victory, which might well have been consummated by diplomacy.
1202:::The United States will also employ combat operations in exceptional circumstances when it cannot protect its national interests by other means. When a US response is called for, it must be in accordance with the principles of international and domestic law. These principles affirm the inherent right of states to use force in individual or collective self-defense against armed attack.
3785:
the preceding five years had been murdered by government forces who openly dumped mutilated corpses in an apparent effort to terrorize the population." In all, there were more than 70,000 deaths, some involving gross human rights violations, and more than a quarter of the population were turned into refugees or displaced persons before a UN-brokered peace deal was signed in 1992.
669:{{quote|criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act.|]|}}
2738:
terrorism against Cuba to the spring of 1959, with the CIA planning of Castro’s overthrow, and subsequent arming of counterrevolutionary guerrillas inside Cuba in May of that year. Chomsky further claims "during the winter of 1959-60, there was a significant increase in bombing and incendiary raids perpetrated by exiled Cubans based in the U.S. and supervised by the C.I.A."
1887:}}</ref> Under ] the CIA, British ] and NATO trained and armed partisan groups in NATO states to fight a guerrilla war if they were captured during a future ] invasion. It has been alleged that these groups and individuals in them were responsible for various acts of violence perpetrated against leftists during the cold war,<ref name = "translate"> {{cite web
1058:{{quote|The U.S. is officially committed to what is called "low-intensity warfare"... If you read the definition of low-intensity conflict in army manuals and compare it with official definitions of "terrorism" in army manuals, or the U.S. Code, you find they're almost the same.|Noam Chomsky|interview, ''Monthly Review''<ref name="barsamian">{{cite web
4357:
atomic attacks as "state terrorism" center around the alleged targeting of innocents to achieve a political goal. Some allege that the Target Committee, on May 10–11, 1945, rejected the use of the weapons against a strictly military objective, instead choosing a large civilian population to create a psychological effect that would be felt around the world.
3654:"US policy objectives in Guatemala since 1984 have included supporting the transition to and strengthening of civilian democratic government, encouraging respect for human rights and the rule of law, supporting economic growth, combating illegal narcotics trafficking, fighting the communist insurgency, and, in recent years, advancing the peace process."
4405:: "Several of the contributors consider the issue of state terrorism and there is a general agreement that states not only can sponsor terrorism by non state groups but that states can, and do, directly engage in terrorism. Coady instances the terror bombings of World War II, including Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as acts of terrorism."
3923:
called ‘the windy side of the law’. The president used his emergency powers, even when there was no emergency, to send $ 80 million in military aid to El Salvador without congressional review.” The Reagan administration carried out circumventions and arbitrary re-definitions of laws stipulating the quantity and role of advisers .
3120:"fraud, deceit and trickery" during the interview with immigration authorities that was the basis of the charges against Posada. He has declared that he no longer believes that the Castro government has long-term viability and he stated "I sincerely believe that nothing would help to go back to the past with sabotage campaigns."
2762:. Samuel Halpern, a CIA co-organizer, conveyed the breadth of involvement: “CIA and the U. S. Army and military forces and Department of Commerce, and Immigration, Treasury, God knows who else — everybody was in MONGOOSE. It was a government-wide operation run out of Bobby Kennedy's office with Ed Lansdale as the mastermind.” .
3851:. Human rights violations included decapitation, raping young girls before killing them, and massacring men, women, and children in separate groups with U.S.-supplied M-16 rifles. A report compiled by the villagers found that more half of the victims were under fourteen. It is reputed to be the worst such atrocity in modern
3622:“In light of its long record of apologies for the government of Guatemala, and its failure to repudiate publicly those apologies even at a moment of disenchantment, we believe that the Reagan Administration shares in the responsibility for the gross abuses of human rights practiced by the government of Guatemala."
6731:- "After studying medicine for two years and then chemistry, Mr. Posada went to work for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, first in Havana and then in Akron, Ohio, after the revolution. His entire family, including his parents, two brothers and a sister, remained behind, committed to Mr. Castro's revolution."
3438:") issued a report which, according to Robert Parry writing in Consortiumnews.com, among other things, stated that the "government of the United States, through various agencies including the CIA, provided direct and indirect support for some of these state operations." Parry also writes that the report
4811:
Group (ASG).'" Further, in 2003 the U.S. government — in anticipation that its military personnel would be charged with human rights abuses — offered the Philippines' government an extra US$ 30 million of military aid in exchange for "an agreement that would exempt U.S. soldiers operating
4705:
By late 2006 Washington had given roughly US$ 300 million of aid to the AFP and delivered hundreds of American soldiers to organize and execute extended training exercises with the Filipino police and military apparatus. In May of 2006 the Philippines and the U.S. approved an agreement to establish a
4599:
Right from the beginning, Arroyo's ascendancy was characterized by rampant human rights violations. Based on the reports of numerous fact-finding missions, Arroyo has presided over an unprecedented series of harassments, warrantless arrests, and assassinations of journalists, lawyers, church people,
4543:
Human Rights Watch writes that the murders and kidnappings are rarely investigated by the police or other government agencies; they often go unreported because of fears of reprisal against the victims or their families. The Philippine National Police blame investigative failures on this reluctance,
4504:
writes that estimates of killings vary on the precise number, with Task Force Usig estimating only 114. It has failed to gain any convictions, and as of February 2007 had only arrested 3 suspects in the over 100 cases of assassination. The online publication Bulatlat states that "ccording to a recent
3506:
United States counter-insurgency doctrine encouraged the Guatemalan military to adopt both new organizational forms and new techniques in order to root out insurgency more effectively. New techniques would revolve around a central precept of the new counter-insurgency: that counter insurgent war must
3497:
to defeat the guerrillas, borrowing “extensively from current counterinsurgency strategies and technology being employed in Vietnam.” Between the years of 1966-68 alone some 8,000 peasants were murdered by the U.S. trained forces of Colonel Arana Osorio. Sociologist Jeffrey M. Paige writes that Arana
3368:
The United States of America, by producing in 1983 a manual entitled 'Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas' ("Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare"), and disseminating it to Contra forces, has encouraged the commission by them of acts contrary to general principles of humanitarian
3337:
The U.S. argued that it was acting for the benefit of El Salvador in order to help it to respond to an alleged armed attack by Nicaragua. El Salvador stated that it had asked the United States to exercise for its benefit the right of collective self-defense. The court found evidence for an arms flow
3256:
with safehaven; training; command-and-control headquarters and advice; and weapons, ammunition, and other vital supplies. As evidence was cited captured documents, testimonials of former rebels and Sandinistas, aerial photographs, tracing captured weapons back to Nicaragua, and captured vehicles from
3111:
Mr. Posada was arrested in Miami in May 2005 and held for entering the U.S. illegally. On September 28, 2005 a U.S. immigration judge ruled that Posada cannot be deported because he faced the threat of torture in Venezuela. On May 8, 2007 U.S. district judge Kathleen Cardone dismissed seven counts of
2749:
Following the release of newly declassified materials in 2000, Harvard Professor Jorge I. Dominguez writes that when Castro came to power the Kennedy administration was "obsessed with Cuba and the hoped-for overthrow of the Castro government". The administration implemented "Operation MONGOOSE”, the
2704:
Venezuela have accused the US of hypocrisy on terrorism since the US "virtually" collaborated with convicted terrorist Luis Posada by failing to contest statements that Posada would be tortured if he were extradited to Venezuela. Some U.S. officials, who declined to speak on the record, also deplored
1358:
Human Rights Watch writes that the murders and kidnappings are rarely investigated by the police or other government agencies; they often go unreported because of fears of reprisal against the victims or their families. The Philippine National Police blame investigative failures on this reluctance,
1350:
Human Rights Watch writes that the murders and kidnappings are rarely investigated by the police or other government agencies; they often go unreported because of fears of reprisal against the victims or their families. The Philippine National Police blame investigative failures on this reluctance,
1304:
Venezuela have accused the US of hypocrisy on terrorism since the US "virtually" collaborated with convicted terrorist Luis Posada by failing to contest statements that Posada would be tortured if he were extradited to Venezuela. Some U.S. officials, who declined to speak on the record, also deplored
1296:
Venezuela have accused the US of hypocrisy on terrorism since the US "virtually" collaborated with convicted terrorist Luis Posada by failing to contest statements that Posada would be tortured if he were extradited to Venezuela. Some U.S. officials, who declined to speak on the record, also deplored
4361:
attacks were to be a show, a display, a demonstration. The question is: What kind of mood does a fundamentally decent people have to be in, what kind of moral arrangements must it make, before it is willing to annihilate as many as a quarter of a million human beings for the sake of making a point?"
4159:
signed a letter calling for the lifting of this designation. The PMOI have also tried to have the designation removed through several court cases in the U.S. The PMOI has now lost three appeals (1999, 2001 and 2003) to the US government to be removed from the list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations,
4004:
had been secretly encouraging and advising the Jundullah in its attacks against Iranian targets. This support is said to have started in 2005 and arranged so that the United States provided no direct funding to the group, which would require congressional oversight and attract media attention. The
3922:
The extensive role of military advisers in El Salvador has also been raised as suggestive of wider systemic abuses of ethical and legal norms. According to William Leogrande’s analysis “a great deal of the Reagan administration’s policy toward Salvador was considered on what former Senator Sam Irvin
3914:
Allegations also point to the role that U.S. administrators played in both protecting the responsible military leaders from legal accountability, and the Salvadoran regime from criticism, while simultaneously maintaining the flow of over one billion dollars of military aid. According to the UN Truth
3905:
El Salvador became the fourth largest recipient of U.S. aid, behind Israel, Egypt, and Turkey. In a joint 1982 report on human rights in El Salvador, The Americas Watch Committee and the ACLU place emphasis on U.S. military aid and training because it was "being provided to the same units alleged to
3799:
The rebels also committed human rights violations. It was considered legitimate to physically eliminate people who were labelled military targets, traitors or "orejas" (informers), and even political opponents. The murders of mayors, right-wing intellectuals, public officials and judges are examples
3784:
In retrospective assessments, human rights organizations and truth commissions have echoed the claim that the majority of the violence was attributable to government forces.A report of an Amnesty International investigative mission made public in 1984 stated that "many of the 40,000 people killed in
3521:
According to the Center for International Policy, "The CIA established a liaison relationship with Guatemalan security services widely known to have reprehensible human rights records, and it continued covert aid after the cutoff of overt military aid in 1990. This liaison relationship and continued
3517:
McClintock writes that this idea was also articulated by Colonel John Webber, the chief of the U.S. Military Mission in Guatemala, who instigated the technique of “counter-terror.” Colonel Webber defended his policy by saying, “That’s the way this country is. The Communists are using everything they
3465:
which toppled the democratically elected government of Guatemala in 1954. Analysts Kate Doyle and Peter Kornbluh argue that "After a small insurgency developed in the wake of the coup, Guatemala's military leaders developed and refined, with U.S. assistance, a massive counterinsurgency campaign that
3452:
The report went on to term the Guatemalan military's campaign in the northern highlands a "genocide," and that besides "carrying out murder and "disappearances," the army routinely engaged in torture and rape. "The rape of women, during torture or before being murdered, was a common practice" by the
3360:
By laying mines in the internal or territorial waters of the Republic of Nicaragua...the United States of America has acted...in breach of its obligations under customary international law not to use force against another State, not to intervene in its affairs, not to violate its sovereignty and not
2909:
court that the bomb attacks were "part of a campaign of terror designed to scare civilians and foreign tourists, harming Cuba's single largest industry."Testifying before the United States Senate in 1978, Richard Helms, former CIA Director, stated; "We had task forces that that were striking at Cuba
4631:
alleges that the Arroyo government initially made no response to the dramatic increase in violence and killings. He writes, "Arroyo has been tellingly silent over the killing and abduction of countless members of opposition parties and popular organizations." An independent commission was assembled
4548:
itnesses are indeed reluctant to cooperate with police investigations, because of fear that they would be targeted by doing so. An extremely weak witness protection program exacerbates this problem....olice are often unwilling to vigorously investigate cases implicating members of the AFP. Families
4204:
included both government and civilian targets. According to this former CIA official, the civilian targets included a movie theater and a bombing of a school bus where children were killed. No public records of the secret bombing campaign are known to exist, and the former U.S. officials said their
3599:
During his tenure as Guatemalan minister of defense from 1987 to 1990, Gramajo oversaw a military accused of butchering dozens of university students, provoking Anne Manuel of Americas Watch to find "a sort of tragic irony" in Harvard's ardor for educating him. Gramajo is believed to have chosen to
3590:
argued that "North American C.l. A. operatives work inside a Guatemalan Army unit that maintain a network of torture centers and ha killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians." Nairn stated that Gramajos was a CIA asset and receiving pay from them, and he linked Gramajos to the early 1980s highland
3236:
Colombian writer and former diplomat Clara Nieto, in her book "Masters of War", describes the Reagan administration as "the paradigm of a terrorist state" remarking that this was "ironically, the very thing Reagan claimed to be fighting." Nieto describes direct CIA involvement, noting that "the CIA
2838:
and blame Cuba," and, "The U.S. could follow up with an air/sea rescue operation covered by U.S. fighters 'evacuate' remaining members of the non-existent crew. Casualty lists in U.S. newspapers would cause a helpful wave of national indignation." The plan was rejected by the Kennedy administration
2765:
Dominguez writes that "sabotage actions were approved against a railway bridge, some petroleum storage facilities and a molasses storage vessel. Actions were subsequently carried out against a petroleum refinery, a power plant, a sawmill, and a floating crane in a Cuban harbour.” He further remarks
2723:
institutions, have obfuscated the true character and scope of terrorism, promulgating a one-sided view from the standpoint of first-world privilege. He has said that "if 'terrorism' as a term of moral and legal opprobrium is to be used at all, then it should apply to violence deliberately targeting
463:
While there is much agreement{{Fact|date=March 2008}} as to the generalities and specifics, there is as yet no international consensus or treaty among all nations on what legally constitutes a terrorist act, how to define a terrorist organization, or whether the definition of terrorism even applies
4782:
In March 2007, the Permanent People’s Tribunal at The Hague, Belgium, rendered a judgment of guilty for “crimes against humanity” against the Philippine government and its chief backer, the Bush administration. The Dutch ambassador to the Philippines Monday said the Permanent People’s Tribuna that
4464:
Burleigh Taylor Wilkins states in Terrorism and Collective Responsibility that "any definition which allowed the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to count as instances of terrorism would be too broad." He goes on to explain "The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, while obviously intended by the
4443:
Undoubtedly the most extreme and permanently traumatizing instance of state terrorism, perhaps in the history of warfare, involved the use of atomic bombs against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in military settings in which the explicit function of the attacks was to terrorize the population
4356:
and the United States' justification for them has been the subject of scholarly and popular debate for decades. J. Samuel Walker writes in an April 2005 overview of recent historiography on the issue, "the controversy over the use of the bomb seems certain to continue." Most interpretations of the
4018:
Brian Ross, the correspondent who worked most closely with Mr. Debat, said the Jundullah story had many sources. “We’re only worried about the things Debat supplied, not about the substance of that story,” he said in regard to the Jundullah report.So far, ABC has found nothing that would undermine
3910:
argued that because of the extensive provision of “funding, military equipment, training and military guidance” to the Salvadoran armed forces, as well as the fact that the U.S. “identified itself unreservedly” with the causes and conduct of the Salvador military, the U.S. “bears a heavy burden of
3740:
Professor Gareau argues that the School of the Americas (reorganized in 2001 as Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation), a U.S. training institution mainly for Latin America, is a terrorist training ground. He cites a UN report which states the school has "graduated 500 of the worst
3594:
Gramajos allegedly said that "We aren't renouncing the use of force. If we have to use it, we have to use it, but in a more sophisticated manner. You needn't kill everyone to complete the job. more sophisticated means; we aren't going to return to the large-scale massacres. We have created a more
3240:
Historian Greg Grandin describes a disjuncture between official U.S. ideals and support for terrorism. “Nicaragua, where the United States backed not a counterinsurgent state but anti-communist mercenaries, likewise represented a disjuncture between the idealism used to justify U.S. policy and its
3128:
The US accuses Cuba of supporting international terrorism and terrorist groups. Cuba have a history of supporting revolutionary movements in Latin America and Africa. "Havana openly advocates armed revolution as the only means for leftist forces to gain power in Latin America, and the Cubans have
2448:
The U.S. State Department has admitted the existence of Gladio only as a plan which was to be activated in the event of ] occupation of Western Europe during the ] It denies any involvement in terrorism. The United States maintains that several researchers have been influenced by a Soviet forgery,
1233:
Chomsky has characterized the tactics used by agents of the U.S. government and their proxies in their execution of ] — in such countries as ] — as a form of terrorism and has also described the U.S as "a leading terrorist state."<ref name="barsamian" /> ] also argues that "Washington is the
1225:
Chomsky has characterized the tactics used by agents of the U.S. government and their proxies in their execution of ] — in such countries as ] — as a form of terrorism and has also described the U.S as "a leading terrorist state."<ref name="barsamian" /> ] also argues that "Washington is the
3832:
As is usually the case with truth commissions, the one for El Salvador did not focus on Washington's support for the government. .. That terror was committed in El Salvador is not disputed. Those who doubt this should reread the above and realize that an estimated 75,000 were killed in this small
3795:
worked in conjunction with Salvadoran Security services to eliminate opponents, leftist rebels, and their supporters. The squads were a means by which members of the armed forces were able to avoid accountability. Typically dressing in plainclothes and using vehicles with smoke-tinted windows and
3322:
to hear the case. The court stated that the United States had been involved in the "unlawful use of force"—specifically that it was "in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another state". The ICJ ordered the U.S. to pay reparations, which this court
3200:
professor, Frederick H. Gareau, has written that the Contras "attacked bridges, electric generators, but also state-owned agricultural cooperatives, rural health clinics, villages and non-combatants." U.S. agents were directly involved in the fighting. "CIA commandos launched a series of sabotage
2999:
in 1976 which killed all 73 people aboard and a series of attacks on tourist sites in the 1990s. Some allege some form of US involvement in these acts. For example, the FBI had multiple contacts with one of the bombers but provided him with a visa to the U.S. five days before the bombing, despite
2785:
Dominguez writes that Kennedy put a hold on MONGOOSE actions as the Cuban Missile Crisis escalated, and the "Kennedy administration returned to its policy of sponsoring terrorism against Cuba as the confrontation with the Soviet Union lessened." However, Chomsky argued that “terrorist operations
2116:
In 2000, a report from the Italian ] (formerly the ]) claimed that the ] had been supported by the United States to "stop the ] (Communist Party) (itself sponsored to the tune of over $ 60 million from Moscow during the Cold War), and to a certain degree also the ] (Italian Socialist Party), from
1416:
Frida Berrigan at Foreign Policy in Focus argues that from the beginning — as early as 2001 — the U.S. State Department knew that "Members of the security services were responsible for ] killings, disappearances, ], and arbitrary arrest and detention." In the same report, the
1408:
Frida Berrigan at Foreign Policy in Focus argues that from the beginning — as early as 2001 — the U.S. State Department knew that "Members of the security services were responsible for ] killings, disappearances, ], and arbitrary arrest and detention." In the same report, the
4508:
Amnesty International states that the more than 860 confirmed murders are clearly political in nature because of "the methodology of the attacks, including prior death threats and patterns of surveillance by persons reportedly linked to the security forces, the leftist profile of the victims and
4493:
According to Cher S Jimenez writing in Asia Times Online, as of 2007, there is an increasing international awareness of the extra-judicial harassment, torture, disappearances and murder of Philippino civilian non-combatants by the Philippine's military and police. Since the advent of the "War on
4360:
The sociologist Kai Erikson has alleged that the attacks "...were not 'combat' in any of the ways that word is normally used. Nor were they primarily attempts to destroy military targets, for the two cities had been chosen not despite but because they had a high density of civilian housing...the
4251:
admitted that those responsible for the bomb may have had American training, but that they were "rogue operative(s)" and the CIA in no way sanctioned or supported the attack. Roger Morris writes in the Asia Times that the next day, a notice hung over the devastated area where families were still
3390:
The World Court considered their case, accepted it, and presented a long judgment, several hundred pages of careful legal and factual analysis that condemned the United States for what it called "unlawful use of force" — which is the judicial way of saying "international terrorism" —
4489:
A spate of extrajudicial killings, estimated by human rights groups at over 800 in the past five years, has put the Philippines on the human rights watch list of the United Nations and the US Congress. A UN special rapporteur criticized the Arroyo administration for not doing enough to stop the
3929:
There was substantial developmental aid during the Carter administration but very little military. The Reagan administration pressed for free elections. The Salvadoran right reluctantly joined this process after it became clear that the administration did not favor a conservative military coup.
3874:
was ORDEN, a paramilitary spy network that allegedly terrorized rural regions and which was founded by Col. Jose Alberto Medrano, a former agent on the CIA payroll. Medrano was awarded a silver medal in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, "in recognition of exceptionally meritorious service."
2934:
community in the U.S., some of whom have conducted sustained long-term insurgency campaigns against Cuba. and conducted training sessions at a secluded camp near the Florida Everglades. Initially these efforts are known to have been directly supported by the United States government. The failed
4701:
the Philippines were the largest recipient of U.S. military aid in Asia and fourth worldwide; aid since then has continued to increase. U.S. Foreign Military Financing (FMF) to the Philippines almost trebled from $ 30 million in 2004 to $ 80 million in 2005, with the bulk of that money used to
3933:
Defenders also justify military aid by claiming it was necessary for defending U.S. National Security Interests. The FMLN guerrillas military efforts, including terrorist acts committed by them, seriously threatened the Salvadoran government. This was deemed a threat to "national security." As
3722:
In its ruling, the judiciary stated that "...was aware of and supported widespread acts of brutality committed under his command resulting in thousands of civilian deaths...." and further stated that Gramajo-Morales “devised... directed... indiscriminate campaign of terror against civilians.”
3077:
and he was allowed permanent residency. In an interview in 2001, Cuban Vice President Ricardo Alarcón stated: "The most quoted phrase by President Bush or ever repeated by him refers to the same idea every time he speaks. "'Those who harbor a terrorist are as guilty as the terrorist himself'".
2921:
that 3,478 Cubans have died as a result of aggressions and terrorist acts. He also alleged that the United States had provided safe shelter to "those who funded, planned and carried out terrorist acts with absolute impunity, tolerated by the United States Government." The Cuban government also
2700:
bombing alleged that a Human Rights Watch report had stated that the US 1998 Sudan bombing probably led to tens of thousands of deaths. Human Rights Watch issued a statement denying it had produced any such figure. Windschuttle criticizes Chomsky for defending terror by groups he has favored .
4532:
2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of extrajudicial killings, which coincided with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s June 2006 declaration of an “all-out war” against communist insurgents called the National People’s Army (NPA)...the Philippine government is consistently failing in its
3788:
While peasants were primarily victimized, the killing of civilians extended to clergy, church workers, political activists, journalists, union members, health workers, students, teachers, and human rights monitors.The state terror took several forms. Salvadoran security forces, including army
2737:
After revolutionary forces vanquished Fulgencio Batista’s forces, a new government was formed in Cuba on January 2, 1959. Historian Jane Franklin writes that the C.I.A. initiated a campaign of regime change in early parts of 1959. Noam Chomsky traces of the origins of what he considers U.S.
4729:
in implementing the Visiting Forces Agreement, together with other onerous treaties, thus maintaining U.S. control of the Philippine military via training of officers, logistics, and dictation of punitive measures against the Moro insurgents as well as the New People's Army guerrillas. The
3485:
Human rights expert Michael McClintock has argued that the national security apparatus Armas presided over was “almost entirely oriented toward countering subversion,” and that the key component of that apparatus was “an intelligence system set up by the United States.” At the core of this
1305:
the decision by immigration judge William Abbott not to extradite Posada. The administration stressed that Posada may still be subject to deportation to another country, although their efforts thus far to persuade several Latin American countries have proved fruitless.<ref>{{cite web
1297:
the decision by immigration judge William Abbott not to extradite Posada. The administration stressed that Posada may still be subject to deportation to another country, although their efforts thus far to persuade several Latin American countries have proved fruitless.<ref>{{cite web
3575:
Recent disclosures have revealed the extent of U.S. support for the Guatemalan army despite its reputation as the most repressive military in Latin America. For years Guatemala's elite military officers have been trained in the United States, and at any given time dozens are on the CIA
3962:, a think tank with ties to the American military and intelligence establishments, reported that militant anti-government groups are receiving aid from foreign intelligence agencies. In addition Stratfor stated, "The US-Iranian standoff has reached a high level of intensity ... a
4368:
writes: "if 'terrorism' has a useful meaning (and I believe it does, because it marks off an act as intolerable, since it involves the indiscriminate use of violence against human beings for some political purpose), then it applies exactly to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki."
2991:
has been accused by Cuba of terrorism. He resides within the U.S., and his deportation action was denied by a federal court that cited torture and other concerns. His case is important because he symbolizes what Cuba view as the harboring of suspected terrorists by the United States.
3273:
writes that after the Sandinistas lost power in 1990 many mass graves were found. "While most of the graves seem to be the result of summary executions by members of the Sandinista People's Army or the State Security, some contain the bodies of individuals executed by the Nicaraguan
4416:, writes, "This deployment of air power against civilians would become the centerpiece of all subsequent U.S. wars, a practice in direct contravention of the Geneva principles, and cumulatively the single most important example of the use of terror in twentieth century warfare."
367:], ], and ]<ref>Defining international terrorism: A pragmatic approach. Thomas J. Badey DOI:10.1080/09546559808427445. Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 10, Issue 1 Spring 1998 , pages 90 - 107</ref> remain without a single internationally accepted definition.
360:], ], and ]<ref>Defining international terrorism: A pragmatic approach. Thomas J. Badey DOI:10.1080/09546559808427445. Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 10, Issue 1 Spring 1998 , pages 90 - 107</ref> remain without a single internationally accepted definition.
2834:. This plan included acts of violence on U.S. soil or against U.S. interests, such as plans to kill innocent people and commit acts of terrorism in U.S. cities; blowing up a U.S. ship, and contemplated causing U.S. military casualties, writing: "We could blow up a U.S. ship in
3522:
covert aid occurred with the knowledge of the National Security Council, the State Department, and the Congressional oversight committees. Contrary to public allegations, CIA did not increase covert funding for Guatemala to compensate for the cut-off of military aid in 1990."
2965:
The U.S. has also been criticized for failing to condemn Panama's pardoning of the alleged terrorists Guillermo and Ignacio Novo Sampoll, Pedro Remon, and Gaspar Jimenez, instead allowing them to walk free on U.S. streets. Claudia Furiati has suggested Sampol was linked to
4497:
The human rights watchdog KARAPATAN has documented human rights violations against 169,530 individuals, 18,515 families, 71 communities, and 196 households. One person, it says, is killed every three days under the Macapagal-Arroyo government or a total of 271 persons.
3640:"The CIA's successes in Guatemala in conjunction with other U.S. agencies, particularly in uncovering and working to counter coups and in reducing the narcotics flow, were at times dramatic and very much in the national interests of both the United States and Guatemala."
3936:"San Salvador is closer to Houston, Texas than Houston is to Washington, D.C. Central America is America; it's at our doorstep. And it has become a stage for a bold attempt by the Soviet Union, Cuba and Nicaragua to install communism by force throughout the hemisphere,"
3093:. Posada stated "The FBI and the CIA do not bother me, and I am neutral with them," he said. "Whenever I can help them, I do." He later denied that he was involved, stating that he had only wanted to create publicity for the bombing campaign in order to scare tourists.
2705:
the decision by immigration judge William Abbott not to extradite Posada. The administration stressed that Posada may still be subject to deportation to another country, although their efforts thus far to persuade several Latin American countries have proved fruitless.
4205:
recollections were in many cases sketchy, and in some cases contradictory. "But whether the bombings actually killed any civilians could not be confirmed because," as a former CIA official said, "the United States had no significant intelligence sources in Iraq then."
9892:
Falk, Richard. "State Terror versus Humanitarian Law",in Selden,, Mark, editor (November 28, 2003). War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.. ISBN 978-0742523913.
3035:, he "is a terrorist, but he’s our terrorist," referring to Posada's relationship with the U.S. government. In 2006, the U.S. Justice Department described Posada as “an unrepentant criminal and admitted mastermind of terrorist plots and attacks on tourist sites.”
10844:
4518:. . . the parallel public labeling by officials of a broad range of legal leftist groups as communist 'front organizations'...has created an environment in which there is heightened concern that further political killings of civilians are likely to take place.
3201:
raids on Nicaraguan port facilities. They mined the country's major ports and set fire to its largest oil storage facilities." In 1984 the U.S. Congress ordered this intervention to be stopped, however it was later shown that the CIA illegally continued (See
3364:
The United States of America, by the attacks...and by declaring a general embargo on trade with Nicaragua...has acted in breach of its obligations under Article XIX of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation...signed at Managua on January 21,
63:
3353:
The United States of America, by certain attacks on Nicaraguan territory...which involve the use of force, has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another
2950:, whose former secretary general Andrés Nazario Sargén acknowledged terrorist attacks on Cuban tourist spots in the 1990s and conducted training sessions at a secluded camp near the Florida Everglades, has, according to Cuba's official newspaper
3041:
On May 18, 2005, the National Security Archive posted additional documents that purportedly show the CIA had concrete advance intelligence, as early as June 1976, on plans by Cuban exile terrorist groups to bomb an airliner of the Cuban airline
6020:
Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$ %& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about U.S. Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis)." Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000):
5974:
Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$ %& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about U.S. Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis)." Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000):
4268:
that had resulted in hundreds of Lebanese and Palestinian lives. After CIA operatives had repeatedly failed to arrange Casey's car-bombing, the CIA allegedly "farmed out" the operation to agents of its longtime Lebanese client, the Phalange, a
3501:
McClintock argues that “counter-insurgency doctrine, as imparted by the United States civil and military assistance agencies, had a tremendous influence on Guatemala’s security system and a devastating impact on Guatemala’s people.” He writes:
3108:"For almost 40 years, we have isolated Cuba on the assumption that the tiny island is a center of terrorism in the hemisphere, and year after year we gain new evidence that it is the U.S. that has terrorized Cuba and not the other way around."
5955:
Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$ %& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about U.S. Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis.Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000):
3481:
assumed power. Author and university professor, Patrice McSherry argues that with Armas at the head of government, "the United States began to militarize Guatemala almost immediately, financing and reorganizing the police and military."
4724:
President Arroyo invited thousands of U.S. Special Forces to engage in police actions together with the AFP, thus violating an explicit Constitutional provision against the intervention of foreign troops in local affairs. She followed
4513:
the arrest and threatened arrest of leftist Congress Representatives and others on charges of rebellion, and intensifying counter-insurgency operations in the context of a declaration by officials in June of 'all-out-war' against the
4015:, one of the sources quoted by Ross and Isham in in their report alleging US support for the Jundullah, resigned from ABC News in June 2007, after ABC officials discovered he faked several interviews while working for the company. .
2711:, Emeritus Professor of History at Princeton University, has stated that "since 1947 America has been the chief and pioneering perpetrator of 'preemptive' state terror, exclusively in the Third World and therefore widely dissembled."
2449:].<ref name="StateDept">{{cite web|title=Misinformation about "Gladio/Stay Behind" Networks Resurfaces |publisher=United States Department of State |url=http://usinfo.state.gov/media/Archive/2006/Jan/20-127177.html}}</ref>
4886:
coverage of worldwide human rights violations predominantly focuses on the human rights violations in nations where there is clear U.S. involvement, while having relatively little coverage of the human rights violations in other
4019:
the stories Mr. Debat worked on, Mr. Ross said last night. But he acknowledged that as the stories of fabrications continue to roll in, the network “at some point has to question whether anything he said can be believed.”
3789:
battalions, members of the National Guard, and the Treasury Police, performed numerous clearance operations, killing indiscriminately, and perpetrating many massacres and massive human rights violations in the process.
3971:
reported that this is an attempt to stir up sectarian violence inside Iran. An Asian Times article refers to this as part of a U.S. policy of continuous fomenting of ethnic strife and sponsorship of terrorism in Iran.
2797:
Professor of History Stephen Rabe writes that “scholars have understandably focused on…the Bay of Pigs invasion, the U.S. campaign of terrorism and sabotage known as Operation Mongoose, the assassination plots against
689:
Various analysts have attempted to formulate definitions which are neutral with respect to the perpetrators of the act, thus permitting a logically consistent application of the definition to both non-state and state
8350:
Menjivar and Rodriquez, State Terror in the U.S.-Latin American Interstate Regime in “When States Kill: Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror”, Menjivar and Rodriguez, eds. University of Texas Press,
4252:
digging the bodies of relatives out of the rubble. It read: "Made in the USA". The terrorist strike on Bir el-Abed is seen as a product of U.S. covert policy in Lebanon. Agreeing with the proposals of CIA director
3890:(ARENA) whose public face was that of a rightist political party, but which allegedly also ran death squads secretly. In the spring of 1980, when D'Aubuisson was arrested for plotting against the administration of
3061:
After serving 10 years for his role in the Cubana bombing and other terrorist attacks, Orlando Bosch was released from jail in Venezuela and given permission to reside in the United States with the assistance of
2766:
that "only once in these nearly thousand pages of documentation did a U.S. official raise something that resembled a faint moral objection to U.S. government sponsored terrorism." The CIA operation was based in
8616:
The U.S. State Department, White Paper: Communist Interference in El Salvador from El Salvador: Central America in the New Cold War, Gettleman, Lacefield, Menashe, Mermelstein, eds, Grove Press New York, p.323
4229:
neighborhood in which it had occurred, was reported by the New York Times to have caused a "massive" explosion "even by local standards," killing 81 people, and wounding more than 200. Investigative journalist
3966:
being played out ... the United States has likely ramped up support for Iran's oppressed minorities in an attempt to push the Iranian regime toward a negotiated settlement over Iraq." The state controlled
865:{{quote|The term "terrorism" means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.
4494:
Terrorism" in 2001, the people of the Philippines have witnessed the assassinations of more than 850 mainstream journalists and other public figures and the harassment, detention, or torture of untold more.
2910:
constantly. We were attempting to blow up power plants. We were attempting to ruin sugar mills. We were attempting to do all kinds of things in this period. This was a matter of American government policy."
385:
The Britannica Concise states that terrorism is "Systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective."<ref>{{cite
10366:
Schmeidel, John. "My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security." Intelligence and National Security 8, no. 4 (Oct. 1993):
3349:
The United States of America, by training, arming, equipping, financing and supplying the Contra forces...acted against the Republic of Nicaragua in breach of its obligation under customary international
4438:
as barbaric while preparing to inflict terrorism on a far grander scale... Any counter terrorism policy worth the name must include a convincing indictment of the First World variety.". He also writes:
1069:
and compare it with official definitions of "terrorism" in army manuals, or the U.S. Code, you find they're almost the same.|Noam Chomsky|interview, ''Monthly Review''<ref name="barsamian">{{cite
4147:
According to a 2003 article by the New York Times, the US 1997 proscription of the group on the terrorist blacklist was done as "a goodwill gesture toward Iran's newly elected reform-minded president,
1469:
On ], ], Italian Prime Minister ] told the ] that ] had long held a covert policy of training partisan groups in the event of a Soviet Invasion of Western Europe.<ref name = "ed"> {{cite journal
3415:
states were outside its jurisdiction but they still sent judges to the court. The U.S. did accept the ICJ's compulsory jurisdiction in 1946, but withdrew its acceptance following the Nicaragua case.
4788:
Frida Berrigan at Foreign Policy in Focus argues that from the beginning — as early as 2001 — the U.S. State Department knew that "Members of the security services were responsible for
4618:
and Robin Eastman-Abaya, "Human rights groups provide evidence that death squads operate under the protective umbrella of regional military commands, especially the U.S.-trained Special Forces.
3507:
be waged free of restriction by laws, by the rules of war, or moral considerations: guerrilla “terror” could be defeated only by the untrammeled use of “counter-terror”, the terrorism of the state.
4041:, the official broadcasting service of the United States government, which identified Rigi as "the leader of popular Iranian resistance movement". This incident resulted in public condemnation by
4679:
8848:
4345:
remain the only time a state has used nuclear weapons against concentrated civilian populated areas. Some commentators hold that it represents the single greatest act of state terrorism in the
4196:
reported that, according to former U.S. intelligence officials, the CIA once orchestrated a bombing and sabotage campaign between 1992 and 1995 in Iraq via one of the resistance organizations,
3526:, a former ambassador to El Salvador and Paraguay, and president of the Center for International Policy in Washington, D.C. writes, that the human rights report makes "grim reading", and that:
222:
155:
3820:
The United States has been accused by scholars and human rights organizations of complicity in support of State Terrorism in the country of El Salvador, in a conflict characterized by rampant
15:
5753:, also see George, Alexander, ed. "Western State Terrorism",1 and Selden, Mark, ed. "War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century, 13.
8533:
Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds, 88
8332:
Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds, 85
805:|accessdate=2007-05-25}}</ref> defines the terms "domestic terrorism" and "international terrorism". Various agencies of the ] government utilize different definitions of terrorism:
8314:
Arnson, Cynthia J. Window on the Past: A Declassified History of Death Squads in El Salvador in “Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability”, Campbell and Brenner, eds,86
3357:
The United States of America...has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to violate the sovereignty of another State.
8607:
Regan Ronald, televised address to the nation, May 9, 1984 from El Salvador:Central America in the New Cold War, Gettleman, Lacefield, Menashe and Mermelstein, eds, Grove Press, New York
4720:— has broadly "congratulated the government of the Philippines...for achievements while at the same time acknowledging the valuable role of partnership with the United States".
4375:
wrote of it as an example of "...war terrorism: the effort to kill civilians in such large numbers that their government is forced to surrender. Hiroshima seems to me the classic case."
4730:
Philippines became the "second front in the war on terror," with Bush visiting the Philippines in October 2004 and citing the neocolony as a model for the rebuilding of devastated Iraq.
5557:
Defining international terrorism: A pragmatic approach. Thomas J. Badey DOI:10.1080/09546559808427445. Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 10, Issue 1 Spring 1998 , pages 90 - 107
2864:
8515:
The Reagan Administration's Record on Human Rights in 1985, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, The Watch Committees (Americas Watch, Asia Watch, Helsinki Watch), January 1986, p. 53)
2806:
and the Second Front of Escambray, staged hit-and-run raids on the island...on ships transporting goods…purchased arms in the United States and launched...attacks from the Bahamas.”
3369:
law; but did not find a basis for concluding that any such acts that may have been committed were imputable to the United States of America as acts of the United States of America.
8793:
8569:
Americas Watch, Helsinki Watch, Lawyers Committee for International Human Rights, Review of the Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1983, March 1984
3038:
The Cubans also cite the involvement of FBI attaché Joseph Leo, who admitted multiple contacts with one of the convicted bombers of Cubana 455, Hernan Ricardo, before the attack.
9429:
3069:
On his arrival in Miami in 1988, Bosch was honored with an "Orlando Bosch Day" celebration by the city politicians in Miami. Despite decisions made by the justice department and
4768:
with license to kill revolutionary militants, immune from prosecution. U.S. military force midwived the restoration of U.S.-backed oligarchic oppression of the Filipino masses.
10048:
E. San Juan, Jr., "Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization"
6105:
3178:, Director of Central Intelligence, 28 January 1981 - 29 January 1987, to recruit and support the guerrillas. Casey was to have testified before Congress about the disastrous
4804:
abuses increased", commenting that 'there were allegations by human rights groups that these problems worsened as the Government sought to intensify its campaign against the
3828:. In his analysis of the U.N. Truth Commission's Report on El Salvador, Prof. Frederick Garneau argued for significant culpability on the part of United States governments.
4761:, etc. Tried in Indochina, Korea, Central America, it continues to be implemented in Colombia, Iraq, and the Philippines....With U.S. help, the AFP mobilized vigilante and
4098:
3568:
In their 1998 "Report On Guatemala" Rolando Alecio and Ruth Taylor condemn the "legacy of state terror" the nation has inherited from the U.S.-backed and -trained military.
3269:
and in the case of Honduras and Costa Rica outright military operations by Nicaraguan troops. The Sandinistas has been accused of large scale human rights violations. The
649:}}</ref> ] discusses terrorism and is a primary UN authority for terrorism because it was issued under Chapter VII UN authority. Resolution 1566 gives a definition:
317:
The United States has accused other nations of funding, training, and harboring individuals and groups who engage in ], including terrorist acts against the United States.
310:
The United States has accused other nations of funding, training, and harboring individuals and groups who engage in ], including terrorist acts against the United States.
4160:
and its terrorist status was reaffirmed each time. The PMOI has continued to protest worldwide against its listing, with the overt support of some US political figures.
167:
93:
31:
28:
4182:, "who became involved with the while a Republican senator from Missouri." In 2000, 200 U.S. Congress members signed a statement endorsing the organization's cause.
4321:
905:
The term "terrorist group" means any group practicing, or that has significant subgroups that practice, international terrorism.|]'s definition|<ref>{{cite web
3552:. He later served in several elite counterinsurgency units trained and equipped by the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). He would eventually rise to command
10100:
A Human Rights Watch Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding the Universal Periodic Review of the Republic of the Philippines
4386:
7126:
Nieto, Clara. Masters of War: Latin America and United States Aggression from the Cuban Revolution Through the Clinton Years, Seven Stories Press, 2003, 343-345
3911:
responsibility”, and moreover argued that “there may be no place else where the United States is so directly responsible for the acts of a foreign government.”
3809:, one guerrilla groups, was also accused of human rights violations, using terrorist tactics such as kidnappings, arson, and bombings to destabilize the regime.
3215:
The manual recommended “selective use of violence for propagandistic effects” and to “neutralize” government officials. Nicaraguan Contras were taught to lead:
5082:"TERRORISM, HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY: SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LEGAL AND JUSTICE PROFESSIONALS OF THE 'COALITION OF THE WILLING'"
2719:
Richard Falk, Professor Emeritus of International Law and Practice at Princeton, has argued that the U.S. and other first-world states, as well as mainstream
5316:"Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization"
4264:
at Beirut airport in October 1983, which, Roger Morris alleges, in turn had been a reprisal for earlier U.S. acts of intervention and diplomatic dealings in
3735:
3318:
The Court ruled in Nicaragua's favor, but the United States was not bound by the Court's decision, on the basis that the court erred in finding that it had
10108:
4200:'s group in an attempt to destabilize the country. According to the Iraqi government at the time, and one former CIA officer, the bombing campaign against
7907:
Jennifer Schirmer, "The Guatemalan military project: an interview with Gen. Hector Gramajo," Harvard International Review, Vol. 13, Issue 3 (Spring 1991).
4753:, forced mass evacuations or "hamletting," imprisonment of whole communities in military garrisons, militarization of villages, selective assassinations,
3466:
left tens of thousands massacred, maimed or missing." Professor of History, Stephen G. Rabe, writes in "In destroying the popularly elected government of
2696:
has in turn accused Chomsky of hypocrisy and misrepresentation when criticizing the US and the War of Terror. He writes that Chomsky in a response to the
1065:{{quote|The U.S. is officially committed to what is called "low-intensity warfare"... If you read the definition of low-intensity conflict in army manuals
10785:
8971:
163:
89:
4655:
The U.S. influence upon the Philippine military has been condemned as sponsorship or support of state terrorism through the policies implemented by the
9126:
9025:
8974:
8782:
7205:
3894:, a mass of documents was found implicating him in numerous death squad activities, including detailed plans linked to the assassination of Archbishop
2959:
2898:
2556:
72:
9990:
2917:
to address all forms and manifestations of terrorism in every corner of the world, including - without exception - State terrorism. He alleged to the
8963:
4637:
3031:
of organizing the terrorist bombing of the aircraft Cubana 455. As described by researcher Peter Kornbluh at the non-governmental research institute
8341:
Frederick H. Gareau, State Terrorism and the United States : From Counterinsurgency to the War on Terrorism / (Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2004) 41
4465:
American government to alter the policies of the Japanese government, seem for all the terror they involved, more an act of war than of terrorism."
10561:
10495:
4694:
3334:
CIA manual as evidence in the case. The CIA claimed that the purpose of the manual was to "moderate" activities already being done by the Contras.
2661:
The U.S. is officially committed to what is called "low-intensity warfare"... If you read the definition of low-intensity conflict in army manuals
3470:(1950-1954), the United States initiated a nearly four-decade-long cycle of terror and repression that led to the death of 200,000 Guatemalans."
10849:
10073:
4888:
4241:
to arrange the bombing. Fadlallah himself also claims to have evidence that the CIA was behind the attack and that the Saudis paid $ 3 million.
3011:, and former chemist, that he was recruited by the CIA into becoming a trainer of other paramilitary forces in the mid 1960s. Posada, alongside
7357:
7697:
Jeffery M. Paige, Social Theory and Peasant Revolution in Vietnam and Guatemala, Theory and Society, Vol. 12, No. 6 (Nov., 1983), pp. 699-737
4697:, in the period from 2000 to 2003, military loans and grants to the Philippines from the U.S. grew by 1,776 percent. As of 2005, according to
5965:
James G. Blight, and Peter Kornbluh, eds., Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999, 125)
3331:
6039:
James G. Blight, and Peter Kornbluh, eds., Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999, 125
572:
The ] has never agreed on a final legally accepted definition of terrorism but has four proposed definitions.<ref name="un">{{cite web
9904:
9832:
9535:
6159:
6109:
5986:
5711:
2531:
7144:
Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, The United States and the Rise of the New Imperialism, Henry Holt & Company 2007, 90
7135:
Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, The United States and ther Rise of the New Imperialism, Henry Holt & Company 2007, 89
3864:
2790:
at George Washington University, raised the point that according to the documentary record, directly after the first executive committee (
5017:
3843:
The episode of the war responsible for the single largest civilian death toll occurred on December 11, 1981, when the U.S.-trained elite
4869:
4093:
administration say the PMOI figured prominently as a bargaining chip in a bridge-building effort with Tehran." The PMOI is also on the
185:
111:
4121:
has overturned this in December 2006 and has criticized the lack of "transparency" with which the blacklist is composed. However, the
4431:
4342:
1920:| url =http://translate.google.com/translate?sourceid=navclient-menuext&hl=en&u=http://www.stragi.it/index.php?pagina=vicenda
5501:
3926:
US officials say that President Bush senior's policies set the stage for peace, turning El Salvador into a democratic success story.
5012:
4058:
3556:, the Guatemalan Military Intelligence services who were responsible for many of the terror tactics wielded throughout the 1980s.
3089:
tourist died and scores more were injured. Posada said his activities were directly supported by Jorge Mas Canosa, founder of the
7252:
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1984 ICJ REP. 392
5042:
4797:
3383:
3315:
government and by mining Nicaragua's harbors. The US was not imputable for possible human rights violations done by the Contras.
3117:
8985:
8893:
8447:
8047:
9040:
8587:
Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press,281
8360:
Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press,155
5007:
4855:
4309:
4273:, anti-Islamic militia. Others allege the 1984 Bombing of the U.S. Embassy annex northeast of Beirut as the motivating factor.
3711:
In early 1995 Sister Ortiz won a U.S. civil court case against the former Minister of Defense of Guatemala and graduate of the
3248:
accused the Sandinistas of many cases of illegal foreign intervention and supporting foreign militants. One was supporting the
2562:
2511:
174:
100:
8765:
4843:
4297:
2663:] and compare it with official definitions of "terrorism" in army manuals, or the U.S. Code, you find they're almost the same.
2507:
10827:
10557:
10491:
10462:
3391:
ordered the United States to terminate the crime and to pay substantial reparations, many billions of dollars, to the victim.
148:
10299:
8551:
Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press
8542:
Leogrande, William M. Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992, University of North Carolina Press
8506:
Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, January 26, 1982, p.179
8409:
Americas Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, January 26, 1982, p.183
3431:
The Guatemala Civil War was predominantly fought between the government of Guatemala and insurgents between 1960 and 1996.
3270:
2677:
2515:
196:
122:
10252:
4784:
3898:. The Reagan administration was accused of ignoring the evidence implicating D'Aubuisson. Critics of this view argue that
9410:
5022:
4025:, an Iranian state run news agency, reported that the United States government is involved in PRMI's terrorists acts. On
3560:
3435:
3382:
argues that the U.S. has been legally found guilty of international terrorism based on this verdict, which condemned the
200:
126:
8686:
4647:
Publicly, Arroyo has condemned political killings "in the harshest possible terms" and urged witnesses to come forward.
10797:
10516:
7320:
5835:
5413:
4670:
The Ecumenical Movement for Justice and Peace documents that most of the human rights violations were committed by the
3090:
2831:
4877:
3544:
Utilizing declassified government documents, researchers Kate Doyle and Carlos Osorio from the research institute the
3498:
Osorio "earned the nickname "The Butcher of Zacapa" for killing 15,000 peasants to eliminate 300 suspected rebels."
10638:
10443:
10424:
10184:
8950:
5542:
4909:
4621:
2006 is also the year President Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017. According to Cher S Jimenez writing in
3902:'s sole link to the SOA is that he had taken a course in Radio Operations long before El Salvador's civil war began.
3008:
2618:
The United States has accused other nations of funding, training, and harboring individuals and groups who engage in
2586:
2570:
3801:
3720:
3462:
2676:
Chomsky has characterized the tactics used by agents of the U.S. government and their proxies in their execution of
9974:
9794:
8560:
America Watch Committee and American Civil Liberties Union, Report on Human Rights in El Salvador, February 26,1982
8379:
6866:
4913:
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War crimes, such as rapes and killing POWs, are not not legally sanctioned by the US government or the US military.
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come to Harvard as part of his plan to run for Guatemala's presidency in 1995. And Harvard, as U.S. Representative
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Declassified CIA documents show that the United States was instrumental in organizing, funding, and equipping the
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McClintock, Mchael, The American Connection: State Terror and Popular Resistance in El Salvador, Zed Books, p.308
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7306:"International Court of Justice Year 1986, 27 June 1986, General list No. 70, paragraphs 251, 252, 157, 158, 233"
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6758:- "EARLY 1961: A supervisor for Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., he flees Cuba, first to Mexico, then to Florida."
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document that Guatemalan Colonel Byron Lima Estrada took military police and counterintelligence courses at the
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The term "international terrorism" means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country.
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Most of those killed or "disappeared" were peasant or worker activists belonging to progressive groups such as
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of the Salvadoran army killed approximately nine hundred men, women, and children in and around the village of
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181:
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Paper argues that US State Terrorism is a function of the global capitalist economy, described as Imperialism.
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officials have accused the United States Government of being an accomplice and protector of terrorism against
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Americas Watch, El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, p. 119
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From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador,
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climate of impunity which, in practice, shields the perpetrators from prosecution." The AI report continues:
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Transcript of President Bush's address to a joint session of Congress on Thursday night, September 20, 2001.
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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, p.vii
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4461:- President of Venezuela - referred to the bombings as "the greatest act of terrorism in recorded history."
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are the number-one exhibits of state terrorism... Consider the hypocrisy of an Administration that portrays
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7358:"ICJ Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)"
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peasant leaders, legislators, doctors, women activists, youthful students, indigenous leaders, and workers.
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has been identified as a terrorist organization by Iran and Pakistan. According to an April 2007 report by
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in psychological operations was leaked to the media, entitled "Psychological Operations in Guerrilla War".
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594:|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070129121539/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html
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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 21
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Martin, Gus, Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives and Issues, Sage Publications, 2003,p.110.
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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 47
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organization alleged by the US government to have received assistance from the former Taliban regime in
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and the International Police Academy in the suburbs of Washington D.C. D'Aubuisson was founder of the
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Bohning,Don. The Castro Obsession: U.S.Covert Operations Against Cuba 1959-1965, Potomac Books,137-138
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Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance, Henry Holt and Company, 80.
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Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance, Henry Holt and Company, 80.
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3085:, Posada claimed responsibility for the bombings at hotels and nightclubs in Cuba in 1997 in which an
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codename for a U.S. Policy of sabotage and covert operations" against Cuba. MONGOOSE was led by Gen.
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War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century
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Cite error: The named reference "hrwUsig" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch, Human Rights Watch Books, Yale University Press, 1991
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Bias in media coverage is also argued. Advocates of this stance point to studies that claim that the
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War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century
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EU’s Ministers of Economic and Financial Affairs’ Council violates the verdict by the European Court
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9205:: Why the attorney general and others in Washington have backed a terror group with ties to Iraq",
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Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador, New York Times Books,1984, p.308
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Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador, New York Times Books,1984, p.308
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4144:. In 2003 the US State Department included the NCRI on the blacklist, under Executive Order 13224.
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SECURITY COUNCIL LIFTS SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON LIBYA AFTER TERRORIST BOMBINGS OF PAN AM 103, UTA 772]
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El Salvador: `Death Squads' — A Government Strategy. New York: Amnesty International, 1988.
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that it would maintain the organization on the blacklist. The EU-freezing of funds was lifted on
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Defenders argue that the alleged connection to human rights abusers is often weak. For example,
3205:). Professor Gareau has characterized these acts as "wholesale terrorism" by the United States.
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Lopez, George A.- Terrorism in Latin America in “The Politics of Terrorism”, Michael Stohl, ed.
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missiles to the Islamic Republic of Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages whom
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From the 1984 Human Rights Watch report on Guatemala in a section entitled “The U.S. Role,":
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also argues that "Washington is the center of global state terrorism and has been for years."
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J. Patrice McSherry. “The Evolution of the National Security State: The Case of Guatemala.”
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Foreign Policy In Focus | Global Affairs Commentary | Terror and Torture in the Philippines
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asserted that in the 1990s, a total of 68 acts of terrorism were perpetrated against Cuba.
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A Critical Review Of The Objectives Of U.S. Foreign Policy In The Post-World War II Period
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House Select Committee on Assassinations Report, Volume IV, page 125. September 22, 1978
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formal board to "determine and discuss the possibility of holding joint U.S.-Philippine
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over sovereign states unless they themselves so agree, which the U.S. did not since the
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kidnapped. Deteriorating health made it impossible for Casey to speak to the committee.
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The Cuban Government, its supporters and some outside observers believe that the group
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National Security archives; The Atlantic, "Twilight of the Assassins," November 2006,
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10074:"DILG should urge Task Force Usig to really investigate all political killings - KMU"
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9538:). "Recent Literature on Truman's Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground".
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7156:"Nicaragua's role in revolutionary internationalism - statement by Vernon A. Walters"
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Patrice McSherry argues that after a successful (U.S. backed) coup against president
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Nicaragua smuggling weapons. There were also accusations of subversive activities in
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administration ordered the CIA to organize and train the right wing guerrilla group "
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6666:"CIA and FBI Documents Detail Career in International Terrorism; Connection to U.S."
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After President ] began using the term "War on Terrorism", ] stated in an interview:
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Fars News Agency :: 65 Suspects Arrested on Charges of Blast in Southeast Iran
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Chomsky, Noam, Turning the Tide: The U.S. and Latin America, Black Rose Books, p.98
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Nicaragua's role in revolutionary internationalism - statement by Vernon A. Walters
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Managing the Counterrevolution: The United States and Guatemala, 1954-1961 (review)
6973:"The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On: Documents Spotlight Role of Reagan, Top Aides"
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in August 2006 to investigate the killings. Headed by former Supreme Court Justice
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by an Indian diplomat asserts that the United States is providing aid to rebels in
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State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights
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9909:"Chavez Calls Dropping of A-Bomb, 'Greatest Act of Terrorism in Recorded History'"
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Library of Congress. Country Studies. El Salvador. Chapter 1 - Historical Setting
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The American Connection Volume 2: State Terror and Popular Resistance in Guatemala
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which killed 81 people. The bombing was apparently an assassination attempt on an
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mentioned that the US helped stop a military coup in 1993, further stating that:
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operatives including Guillermo Novo Sampol, (left; fourth from camera) wanted in
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7378:"International Law PSCI 0236 > International Law PSCI 0236 > Introduction"
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Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714
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Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714
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Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714
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Stephen G. Rabe -Presidential Studies Quarterly. Volume: 30. Issue: 4. 2000,714
1898:| title =Translated from Bologna massacre Association of Victims Italian website
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for Bay Area Indymedia. Republished by "Asian Human Rights Commission in News".
10214:"Philippines: Filpina Militants Indict Bush-Arroyo For Crimes Against Humanity"
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Teaching democracy at the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation
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6256:"The United States is an accomplice and protector of terrorism, states Alarcón"
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in Nicaragua, who took power in 1979, of arming and training the guerrillas.
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In the context of law, U.S. Code, Title 18, Chapter 113B,<ref>{{cite web
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Dower, John (1995). "The Bombed: Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japanese Memory".
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and a call by the EU to block terrorist organizations' funding. However, the
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president Reagan argued in his historic national television address in 1984,
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1722:| url =http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/e/articles/sciencelife/NatoGeheimarmee.html
9451:"The Genocidal Temptation: Auschwitz, Hiroshima, Rwanda and Beyond (Review)"
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United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Argued
4225:. The bombing, known as the Bir bombing after Bir el-Abed, the impoverished
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Anthony Arnove (June 2005). "An Interview With Allan Nairn". Znet Magazine.
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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
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3604:(D-MA) observed, appears to be in the business of "laundering reputations."
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No. 01-1480: National Council of Resistance of Iran v. Department of State
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Bardach, Ann Louise (1998-07-13). "A Bomber's Tale: Decades of Intrigue".
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when she was abducted and brutally tortured. Among other torments she was
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Terrorisme: la justice européenne appelle l'UE à justifier sa liste noire
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http://www.alalam.ir/english/en-NewsPage.asp?newsid=018030120070404130601
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Coffee and Power: Revolution and the Rise of Democracy in Central America
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Press TV - VoA interviews Iranian terrorist culprit in a sign of backing
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Guatemala: A Nation of Prisoners, An Americas Watch Report, January 1984
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Other allegations of state sponsored terrorism against the United States
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has written in some detail about Hiroshima and Nagasaki as instances of
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secretly authorized his Central Intelligence Agency under his appointee
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In 2001, Cuban Ambassador to the UN Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla called for
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template if necessary to gain attention. New users may also request the
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7513:"On the War in Afghanistan Noam Chomsky interviewed by Pervez Hoodbhoy"
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and other military advisers had "helped create an environment in which
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2514:(is at least four days old and has at least ten edits to Knowledge) or
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Doggan, Martha, Death Foretold: The Jesuit Murders in El Salvador, 170
8003:. London: Zed Books. pp. pp22-25 and pp61-63. ISBN 1-84277-535-9.
7292:"Appraisals of the ICJ's Decision. Nicaragua vs United State (Merits)"
5118:"The role of lawyers in defending the democratic rights of the people"
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When States Kill:Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror,
10235:. The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines. 2006-07-24
9139:"U.S. Congressman Tom Tancredo: Mujahedin offers hope for a new Iran"
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Sunday, 24 March, 2002, U.S. role in Salvador's brutal war, BBC News
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The Philippine government, currently headed by the elected President
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The manual ''Military Operations in Low Intensity Conflict'' states:
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frontline: target america: terrorist attacks on americans, 1979-1988
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Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II
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No issues specified. Please specify issues, or remove this template.
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http://www.ahrchk.net/ahrc-in-news/mainfile.php/2006ahrcinnews/865/
9156:. Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Group, Parliament of Australia
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Tropical Chekists: The Sandinista secret police legacy in Nicaragua
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5502:"The UN and its conduct during the invasion and occupation of Iraq"
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5185:"Filipina Militants Indict Bush-Arroyo for Crimes Against Humanity"
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against terrorism and other non-traditional security concerns.".
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Sister Ortiz suspects some involvement by US government personnel.
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The United States of America had to pay reparations for the damage.
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and among other aspects of the operation, enlisted the help of the
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10233:"State of the Nation Address of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo"
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http://curia.europa.eu/en/actu/communiques/cp06/aff/cp060097en.pdf
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Bonner, Raymond, Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador.
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El Salvador: The Massacre at El Mozote : the Need to Remember
7539:(2004) Peter Collier and David Horowitz, editors. Encounter Books.
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The Genocidal Temptation: Auschwitz, Hiroshima, Rwanda and Beyond
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It is now one of the two major political parties of the country.
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5989:). "6 Attempts to Kill Castro Laid to CIA". The Washington Post.
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1942:}}{{it icon}} </ref><ref name = "mt"> {{cite journal
397:|url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9380497/terrorism
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Knowledge articles needing factual verification from March 2008
9272:"Ex-C.I.A. Aides Say Iraq Leader Helped Agency in 90's Attacks"
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6990:. London: Zed Books. pp. 16 & 166. ISBN 1-84277-535-9.
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While paying tribute to the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
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3955:
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3024:
2951:
2878:
for extradition in connection with terrorist acts, Mexico City
2791:
10631:
Terrorism and the State: A Critique of Domination Through Fear
9714:(1). Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc
8934:
4894:
4113:(EU) in 2002. Its bank accounts were frozen in 2002 after the
2636:
remain without a single internationally accepted definition.
2510:(IP addresses), as well as edits from any account that is not
8687:
Car bomb in Iran destroys a bus carrying Revolutionary Guards
6932:
http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/98_columns/071498.htm
5769:
Revolutionaries and Functionaries: The Dual Face of Terrorism
5634:
4975:
4964:
4937:
4573:
3981:
3086:
2906:
2771:
10125:
Philippines: Political Killings, Human Rights and the Peace
10019:"Human Rights Violations in the Philippines: A Grim Reality"
7875:
Allan Nairn (April 1995). "C.I.A. Death Squads". The Nation.
6906:
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/19/i_ins.01.html
5838:. The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research
3401:
One critic of the is David Horowitz, who argues in the book
3100:
documents and testimonies from involved parties, journalist
2889:
Cuba also claims U.S. involvement in the paramilitary group
1026:
After President ] began using the term "War on Terrorism", ]
10744:
10704:
10686:
Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability
10626:
10581:
10351:
German Court Orders Former RAF Terrorist Released on Parole
10329:
US National Security Adviser lauds RP's anti-terror efforts
9840:
9787:
Terrorism and Justice: Moral Argument in a Threatened World
9606:"Atomic Bomb: Decision — Target Committee, May 10–11, 1945"
9213:
9186:
9178:
9102:
9068:
9048:
9022:
8997:
8871:
8849:
Iranian speaker says U.S. supports "terrorists" - swissinfo
8779:
8750:
8739:
Pakistan Denounces ABC News Report on Backing Iran Radicals
8632:
8125:
7886:
Allan Nairn (June 5, 2005). "The country team". The Nation.
7741:
7471:
7463:
7406:
7053:. Noida, India: Zed Books. p. 290. ISBN 1-84277-369-0.
6463:
6414:
6356:
6305:
6213:
5831:
5764:
5654:
5637:
5575:
5497:
5449:
5401:
5356:
5311:
5271:
5228:
5180:
5125:
5077:
4982:
4960:
4640:
concluded that most of the killings were instigated by the
4403:
Terrorism and Justice: Moral Argument in a Threatened World
4137:
4129:
4082:
4030:
3951:
3806:
3774:
3770:
3697:
3249:
3134:
2882:
2850:
2697:
5659:"Venezuela accuses U.S. of 'double standard' on terrorism"
4944:, attacked US military personnel and civilians in Germany.
4422:, professor Emeritus of International Law and Practice at
3434:
In 1999, an independent Guatemalan Truth Commission (the "
3293:
The Republic of Nicaragua vs. The United States of America
1265:<ref>Windschuttle, Keith. "", '']'', ] ]</ref>
1028:, ] and professor of ] at ] and a Senior Scholar at the ],
916:|url=http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2001/html/10220.htm
583:|url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html
9430:
Target America: terrorist attacks on Americans, 1979-1988
7917:
The NarcoSphere || In Oaxaca, Harvard Comes to the Rescue
7843:. George Washington University NSA Archive (Republished).
7573:. George Washington University NSA Archive (Republished).
6919:"Posada "I will kill Castro if it's the last thing I do""
6649:
6406:
6205:
4322:
Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4054:
3685:
3678:
3553:
3138:
3130:
3070:
2759:
1234:
center of global state terrorism and has been for years."
1226:
center of global state terrorism and has been for years."
9398:"The Gates Inheritance, Part 3: The world that Bob made"
8394:
7983:
7981:
6144:
6094:
5880:
Falk, Richard (1986-06-28). "Thinking About Terrorism".
5454:"Understanding, responding to, and preventing terrorism"
3000:
suspicions that he was engaged in terrorist activities.
2866:
File:Porter Goss, Barry Seal, Felix Rodriguez, et al.jpg
1733:}}</ref><ref name = "gladio"> {{cite journal
9654:
9652:
8128:"Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation"
8111:
Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.
7855:
6842:
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB157/index.htm
4879:
They are not the official policy of the US government.
4387:
Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)
4213:
The CIA has been accused of being the perpetrator of a
4045:
communities in the U.S, as well as the Iranian regime.
3307:
by direct acts of U.S. personnel and by the supporting
3003:
The Cubans cite what they describe as the admission by
2935:
military invasion of Cuba during the administration of
1623:}}</ref><ref name = "felix"> {{cite journal
486:|title= U.N. Member States Struggle to Define Terrorism
7988:
International Law Reports - Cambridge University Press
7833:
7571:"CIA and Assassinations: The Guatemala 1954 Documents"
6102:"Pentagon Proposed Pretexts for Cuba Invasion in 1962"
5704:"Cuban Terror Case Erodes US Credibility, Critics Say"
2925:
2622:, including terrorist acts against the United States.
2605:
has been accused of having directly committed acts of
2271:}}</ref><ref name = "obit"> {{cite journal
464:
to acts by sovereign governments.<ref>{{cite web
54:
10684:
Campbell, Bruce B., and Brenner,Arthur D.,eds. 2000.
10572:
University of Texas Press 2005,isbn=978-0-292-70647-7
10389:
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7868.doc.htm
9374:
9372:
7978:
7936:
6946:
6944:
Judge throws out charges against anti-Castro militant
6749:. Times Publishing Company. pp. National, Pg. 1A
6403:"Cuba sues U.S. for billions, alleging 'war' damages"
3736:
Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation
3453:
military and paramilitary forces, the report found."
2639:
1102:|title=The United States is a Leading Terrorist State
1095:|title=The United States is a Leading Terrorist State
230:(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
10123:
http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa350062006
9649:
9342:
http://www.countercurrents.org/iraq-hassan190604.htm
8937:
Iranian Imbroglio Gives New Boost To Odd Exile Group
7563:
3954:, who are currently engaged in a revolt against the
3855:
history, but when news emerged of the massacre, the
3473:
After the U.S.-backed coup, which toppled president
10158:
CounterPunch: "America's Best Political Newsletter"
6908:
Jose Posada Carriles: Hero or Hardened Killer?.CNN.
6859:
Cuba and the United States: A Chronological History
6599:
ZR Rifle : The Plot to Kill Kennedy and Castro
4408:Mark Selden, professor of sociology and history at
3765:was predominantly fought between the government of
9369:
7966:"Civil Remedies for Gross Human Rights Violations"
7651:
5836:"Gandhi, Nonviolence and the Struggle Against War"
4686:campaign initially created as one arm of the U.S.
4468:
3632:A 1996 report on CIA's action in Guatemala by the
3493:in 1963, U.S. advisors began to work with Colonel
3073:to deport Bosch, they were overruled by President
2995:The claims around Posada center on the bombing of
2960:United States Agency for International Development
2899:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
2644:
10749:"Bush nominee linked to Latin American terrorism"
10568:Menjívar, Cecilia and Rodríguez,Néstor, editors,
10139:
10137:
10135:
9991:"PNP: Extrajudicial killings fell by 83% in 2007"
9355:
9353:
9340:Counter Currents, 2004 June 19, "Who Is Allawi?"
7263:
7153:
7086:"Terrorism Debacles in the Reagan Administration"
5120:. International Association of People's Lawyers.
4260:sanctioned the Bir attack in retaliation for the
3208:In 1984 a CIA manual for training the Nicaraguan
2863:
2714:
2194:| title =US 'supported anti-left terror in Italy'
1086:|url=http://www.monthlyreview.org/1101chomsky.htm
1079:|url=http://www.monthlyreview.org/1101chomsky.htm
10836:
10262:
10260:
9789:. Melbourne University Publishing. pp. XV.
9392:
9390:
9344:; World War 4 Report, "Iraq Meets the New Boss"
8862:"U.S. protects Iranian opposition group in Iraq"
8245:El Salvador’s Decade of Terror, Americas Watch,
7796:
7753:
7535:David Horowitz. Chomsky and 9/11. Page 172-4 In
5580:"The United States is a Leading Terrorist State"
4713:The United States — through the person of
4528:Human Rights Watch, in a 2008 report, reported
4105:, and again in 2001 pursuant to section 1(b) of
10303:National Council of Churches in the Philippines
10170:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 2)"
10005:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 1)"
9702:
9445:. University Press of America. ISBN 0761827439.
7583:
7334:
6804:
6802:
6601:(2nd ed.). Ocean Press (AU). p. 164.
6506:Investigator from Cuba takes stand in spy trial
6152:"U.S. Military Wanted to Provoke War With Cuba"
4262:truck-bombing of the U.S. Marine Corps barracks
4163:Past supporters of the PMOI have included Rep.
3559:In 1999, the Guatemalan Truth Commission (the "
2943:marked the end of documented U.S. involvement.
2930:The Cuban revolution resulted in a large Cuban
10253:Action in Solidarity with Asia and the Pacific
10208:
10206:
10204:
10132:
10060:"What Drives Macapagal-Arroyo's "Silent War"?"
9350:
9225:
7896:
6641:
6639:
6585:Alpha 66 expands its offices and training camp
6547:
6545:
4870:Foreign_relations of the United States#Support
4151:" (succeeded in 2005 by the more conservative
3396:Noam Chomsky, interview on Pakistan Television
3281:
2905:investigator Roberto Hernández testified in a
10455:Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror
10333:
10316:"US, Philippines weigh new military marriage"
10257:
10162:
9997:
9387:
9248:Michael Isikoff & Mark Hosenball (2004).
8935:Andrew Higgins and Jay Solomon (2006-11-29),
8859:
7847:
6277:"Terrorism organized and directed by the CIA"
5221:"Venezuelan Leader Lashes at US in UN Speech"
4048:
3571:Minor Sinclair writes in the Sojourner that:
3518:have, including terror. And it must be met.”
3332:Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare
3154:Following the rise to power of the left-wing
2728:Specific allegations against the US by region
475:|url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=29633
10792:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
10511:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
9411:Will U.S. Foreign Policy Increase Terrorism?
9113:
7954:Intelligence Oversight Board. June 28, 1996.
7937:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed (September 24, 2001).
7797:White, Robert E. (June 4, 1999). Commonweal.
7754:White, Robert E. (June 4, 1999). Commonweal.
7588:. The Americas. p. Volume 59, Number 4.
7529:
6975:. The National Security Archive. 2006-11-24.
6799:
3182:, in which a third country was to help sell
143:
10560:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
10494:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
10201:
10095:
10093:
10091:
10089:
8853:
8794:Former ABC Consultant Says He Faked Nothing
8620:
7992:
7885:
7874:
7661:. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1985, pp. 2, 32.
7039:
6636:
6542:
5565:
5563:
5018:Allegations of state terrorism in Sri Lanka
4895:US allegations of state sponsored terrorism
3906:be engaged in violations of human rights."
2571:Learn how and when to remove these messages
10153:
10151:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10035:
9425:
9423:
9151:
7853:
7542:
7330:
7328:
6846:http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200611/cuba
6453:
6451:
4974:bombing, allegedly with the assistance of
10586:"Bush Terror Elite Wanted 9/11 to Happen"
10414:
10225:
10115:
10052:
9241:
8637:"Foreign devils in the Iranian mountains"
8445:
8374:. Harvard University Press. p. 345.
8236:Amnesty International Annual Report, 1985
8045:
6810:"Castro Foe Puts U.S. in an Awkward Spot"
6787:"Cuban official demands action on Posada"
6660:
6658:
6552:Alpha 66 says it carried out bomb attacks
6534:Cuba Statement to the United Nations 2001
6529:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6295:
6293:
5984:
5305:
5174:
4343:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3729:
3343:The court findings are summarized below:
3096:As more revelations were made public via
2774:to plot an assassination attempt against
2653:began using the term "War on Terrorism",
2587:Learn how and when to remove this message
10308:
10086:
9378:
9228:"Group on U.S. terror list lobbies hard"
8680:
7890:
7548:
6921:. Hartford Web Publishing (Republished).
6911:
6856:
5560:
5013:Allegations of state terrorism by Russia
4059:International Committee of the Red Cross
4037:, appeared on the Iranian branch of the
3751:
3361:to interrupt peaceful maritime commerce.
2977:
2893:, the CIA undercover operation known as
10433:
10289:518 Roland G. Simbulan, The real threat
10182:
10148:
10032:
10011:
9967:Terrorism and Collective Responsibility
9420:
9145:
9073:
8957:
8894:"COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2005/847/CFSP"
8886:
8700:"2nd blast in 3 days hits Iranian city"
8626:
8249:Books, Yale University Press, 1991, 107
7957:
7930:
7879:
7551:"History of Guatemala's 'Death Squads'"
7325:
7266:"Legal Issues in The Nicaragua Opinion"
6937:
6684:
6448:
5875:
5873:
5406:Terrorism's War with America: A History
5395:
5043:U.S. Army and CIA interrogation manuals
4101:by the United States in 1997 under the
3658:The report also goes on to highlight:
3112:immigration fraud and ordered Posada's
2809:
2348:| title =Obituary: Paolo Emilio Taviani
1810:| title =Gladio is still opening wounds
750:===U.S. government's own definitions===
10850:Foreign relations of the United States
10837:
10452:
9902:
9346:http://ww4report.com/static/iraq5.html
9107:
8915:"Chapter 6 -- Terrorist Organizations"
8901:Official Journal of the European Union
8448:"The War in Central America Continues"
8048:"The War in Central America Continues"
7998:
7868:
7370:
7300:
7298:
7015:
6985:
6979:
6901:
6899:
6655:
6520:
6290:
5504:. Centre for Research on Globalization
5008:Allegations of state terrorism by Iran
4680:Civilian Armed Forces Government Units
4234:stated that the CIA was funded by the
4073:. The PMOI have been designated as a
4057:reported that the US military and the
3941:
3908:The Lawyers Committee for Human Rights
3666:
3418:
3146:
2732:
2506:. Semi-protection prevents edits from
1001:==General allegations against the US==
994:==General allegations against the US==
9983:
9784:
9487:
9154:"Behind the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (MeK)"
9061:European Council is not above the law
8731:
8369:
8001:State Terrorism and the United States
7270:American Journal of International Law
7209:(July 19, 1983), Heritage Foundation.
7147:
6988:State Terrorism and the United States
6774:Posada's CIA ties uncovered in papers
6743:"Cuban "terrorist' arrested in Miami"
6740:
6253:
5569:
4912:to nations who are designated by the
3066:, then U.S. ambassador to Venezuela.
2741:
1017:===Hypocrisy about state terrorism===
1010:===Hypocrisy about state terrorism===
338:==Definition of ''state terrorism''==
149:State terrorism and the United States
10457:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
10370:
10185:"Melo: Commission report 'complete'"
10176:
9448:
9440:
9269:
9263:
9219:
8928:
8907:
8766:Consultant Probed in Bogus Interview
7841:"Colonel Byron Disrael Lima Estrada"
7727:
7505:
7350:
7244:
7045:
6934:A Startling Tale of U.S. Complicity.
6202:"Fidel Castro meets Caricom leaders"
5879:
5870:
5491:
5350:
4826:
4280:
3311:guerrillas in their war against the
3271:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
2970:and plans to kill President Castro.
2536:
80:
46:
10783:
10502:
10453:Sluka,, Jeffrey A., editor (1999).
10415:Alexander, George (December 1991).
10106:
9964:
8964:Défense des Moudjahidines du peuple
8755:
7454:
7321:Large PDF file from the ICJ website
7295:
7257:
7078:
7023:"Declassified Army and CIA Manuals"
6954:
6896:
6596:
6457:
5408:. Praeger Publishers. p. 224.
4650:
4544:but as Human Rights Watch writes:
4077:by the United States (since 1997),
3870:The prototype of the El Salvadoran
3815:
3561:Historical Clarification Commission
3436:Historical Clarification Commission
3116:removed. The ruling criticized the
3081:In a series of interviews with the
2926:Allegations of harboring terrorists
2486:Revision as of 20:26, 11 April 2008
927:|title=Patterns of Global Terrorism
229:
221:
216:
173:
164:Revision as of 20:26, 11 April 2008
161:
154:
147:Changed protection level for "
142:
99:
87:
13:
10620:
10575:
9946:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
9874:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
9830:
9586:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
9533:
9303:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
9141:. Rocky Mountain News. 2003-01-07.
9114:Rubin, Elizabeth, New York Times.
8027:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
7963:
7400:
7264:Morrison, Fred L. (January 1987).
7066:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
7003:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
6299:
5918:Cite has empty unknown parameter:
3091:Cuban-American National Foundation
2640:General allegations against the US
2494:
2490:
2488:
90:Revision as of 22:12, 9 April 2008
35:
10866:
10216:. Bay Area Indymedia. 2007-04-28.
9837:"Terrorism Before and After 9-11"
9660:"Hiroshima; Breaking the Silence"
8737:Justin Rood and Gretchen Peters,
8395:Americas Watch Committee (1992).
8126:Center for International Policy.
6646:No deportation for Cuban militant
5648:
5543:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
5537:"Noam Chomsky Interview on CBC".
5048:
4910:United States Department of State
4822:
4208:
4185:
3456:
3386:for its "unlawful use of force".
3229:Former State Department official
3123:
3009:Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
2968:President Kennedy's assassination
2552:This article has multiple issues.
10738:
10438:. South End Press. p. 269.
10394:
10381:
10360:
10344:
10322:
10300:Let the Stones Cry Out HR Report
10293:
10282:
10271:
10246:
10066:
9958:
9896:
9886:
9824:
9778:
9758:
9705:"Five Questions About Terrorism"
9696:
9598:
9527:
9481:
9434:
9404:
9381:Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA
9334:
9195:
9167:
9131:
9084:
9054:
9030:
9002:
8979:
8970:, former director of the French
8842:
8831:
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8809:
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8403:
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8272:
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8230:
8219:
8210:
8201:
8185:
8119:
8104:
8091:
8039:
7945:
7921:
7910:
7901:
7468:"Who Are the Global Terrorists?"
7090:The Future of Freedom Foundation
6361:"Cuba's case against Washington"
6350:
6310:"Interview with Ricardo Alarcón"
5825:
5762:
5696:
5443:
5075:
4908:is a designation applied by the
4831:
4663:it has delivered as part of the
4430:. He writes "The graveyards of
4389:and studies political violence,
4285:
4142:European Court of First Instance
3447:Robert Parry, Consortiumnews.com
3384:United States federal government
3295:was a case heard in 1986 by the
3007:, a one-time supervisor for the
2956:National Endowment for Democracy
2865:
2853:on many occasions. According to
2541:
2019:| title =Global Eye - Sword Play
8196:US Department of State Bulletin
7790:
7747:
7744:. In 1995 CIA aid was stopped.
7718:
7709:
7700:
7691:
7682:
7673:
7664:
7630:
7577:
7448:
7394:
7231:
7212:
7197:
7183:
7138:
7129:
7120:
7111:
7102:
6965:
6925:
6850:
6835:
6823:
6779:
6761:
6734:
6678:
6590:
6578:
6566:
6557:
6511:
6499:
6395:
6344:
6269:
6247:
6194:
6078:
6069:
6060:
6051:
6042:
6033:
6024:
6014:
5978:
5968:
5959:
5949:
5940:
5930:
5187:. Asian Human Rights Commission
5084:. QUT Law & Justice Journal
4959:, an organization supported by
4949:April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing
4642:Armed Forces of the Philippines
4473:
4469:The Philippines (1990s-present)
4276:
4155:). In 2002, 150 members of the
4103:Immigration and Nationality Act
3888:Nationalist Republican Alliance
3756:
2645:Hypocrisy about state terrorism
2560:or discuss these issues on the
616:|title=Definitions of Terrorism
10826:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
10688:. New York: St. Martin's Press
10633:. Praeger Press. p. 240.
10556:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
10490:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
10434:Chomsky, Noam (January 1988).
8917:. US Department of State. 2007
7952:Report on the Guatemala Review
7856:"Sorrow Lifted to the Heavens"
7736:Intelligence Oversight Board.
7734:Report on the Guatemala Review
7584:Stephen G. Rabe (April 2003).
7310:International Court of Justice
6812:. New York Times. October 2006
6747:St. Petersburg Times (Florida)
5819:
5756:
5745:
5642:
5617:
5551:
5066:
4919:Inclusion on the list imposes
4099:Foreign Terrorist Organization
3644:The report goes on to state:
3297:International Court of Justice
3246:United States State Department
2973:
2754:in the Defense Department and
2715:State terrorism and propaganda
1:
10419:. Polity Press. p. 276.
10408:
9360:Did A Dead Man Tell No Tales?
9203:Ashcroft's Baghdad Connection
9091:US State Dept press statement
8990:Council of the European Union
8949:: CS1 maint: date and year (
8399:. Americas Watch. p. 15.
7999:Gareau, Frederick H. (2004).
6986:Gareau, Frederick H. (2004).
5625:The hypocrisy of Noam Chomsky
3769:and guerrilla groups between
3426:
2962:and, more directly, the CIA.
2897:, and the umbrella group the
2484:
2444:
2421:
2410:
2399:
2388:
2377:
2366:
2355:
2344:
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2015:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1960:
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10183:Alberto, Thea (2007-02-15).
9455:Harvard Human Rights Journal
9230:. United Press International
8727:TThe Secret War Against Iran
7027:Latin American Working Group
6861:. Ocean Press. p. 233.
6597:Furiati, Claudia (1994-10).
6106:The Nation Security Archives
4814:International Criminal Court
4812:in the Philippines from the
4352:The role of the bombings in
3975:
3634:Intelligence Oversight Board
2826:and submitted for action to
1711:| journal =ETH Life Magazine
293:| citationstyle = March 2008
286:| citationstyle = March 2008
18:Browse history interactively
7:
10697:Public Broadcasting Service
9993:. Inquirer.net. 2008-01-14.
6741:Adams, David (2005-05-18).
6573:An Era of Exiles Slips Away
5318:. Monthly Review Foundation
5038:List of terrorist incidents
5001:
4906:State Sponsors of Terrorism
4901:State Sponsors of Terrorism
4384:Australian Research Council
3878:One of Medrano's proteges,
3378:U.S. foreign policy critic
3288:Nicaragua vs. United States
3282:Nicaragua vs. United States
3224:James Bovard, Freedom Daily
2030:| journal =The Moscow Times
10:
10871:
10751:. World Socialist Web Site
9903:Campanioni, Maria Salomé (
9014:Radio France International
8370:Paige, Jeffery M. (1997).
7638:"About Michael McClintock"
7627:. Spring/Summer 1990, 133.
7154:Vernon A. Walters (1986).
4953:Islamic Jihad Organization
4898:
4792:killings, disappearances,
4682:) under the mantle of the
4676:Philippine National Police
4614:According to commentators
4319:
4223:Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah
4063:People's Mujahedin of Iran
4049:People's Mujahedin of Iran
3733:
3670:
3495:Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio
3422:
3285:
3150:
2745:
1821:| journal =The Independent
1449:{{main| Operation Gladio}}
10693:"Understanding Terrorism"
10318:. Asia Times. 2006-08-23.
10278:Independent Catholic News
10189:Philippine Daily Inquirer
10172:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13.
10007:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13.
9969:. Routledge. p. 11.
9400:. Asia Times. 2007-06-27.
9270:Brinkley, Joel (June 9).
7194:(January 24, 1983), TIME.
6312:. Transnational Institute
5663:Christian Science Monitor
4846:toward certain viewpoints
4715:National Security Adviser
4636:, the group known as the
4399:Humanitarian intervention
4300:toward certain viewpoints
4246:National Security Advisor
4119:European Court of Justice
4089:"senior diplomats in the
3677:Sister Dianna Ortiz is a
3546:National Security Archive
3104:wrote in a column in the
3033:National Security Archive
2788:National Security Archive
2668:Noam Chomsky, interview,
2452:
2428:
2417:
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2131:
2120:
2108:
2099:
2088:
2077:
2066:
2055:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1912:
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1890:
1879:
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237:
234:
201:Pending changes reviewers
160:
127:Pending changes reviewers
86:
10436:The Culture of Terrorism
9703:Walzer, Michael (2002).
9441:Frey, Robert S. (2004).
6575:. The Los Angeles Times.
5459:. Arab Studies Quarterly
5223:. Agence France-Presse.
5060:
4341:as state terrorism. The
4002:United States government
3198:Florida State University
2954:, been supported by the
2859:Cuba’s national assembly
2657:stated in an interview:
2532:Requests for permissions
1438:===Europe (1945-1989)===
349:{{main|State terrorism}}
197:Extended confirmed users
123:Extended confirmed users
10503:Selden,, Mark, editor (
10417:Western State Terrorism
10129:| Amnesty International
9226:Angela Woodall (2005).
8716:. Newsline. 2004-08-15.
7625:Socialism and Democracy
7537:The Anti-Chomsky Reader
7191:New Regime, Old Methods
6857:Franklin, Jane (1996).
4523:Amnesty International,
4480:Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
4451:War and State Terrorism
4215:1985 Beirut car bombing
3534:He further states that
3491:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes
3404:The Anti-Chomsky Reader
2680:— in such countries as
2634:international terrorism
2530:user right by visiting
1931:| accessdate=2006-07-30
1557:| journal =The Guardian
1030:stated in an interview:
783:|title=18 U.S.C. § 2331
605:|archivedate=2007-01-29
85:
10815:Check date values in:
10771:Check date values in:
10726:Check date values in:
10656:Check date values in:
10608:Check date values in:
10588:. Third World Traveler
10545:Check date values in:
9934:Check date values in:
9862:Check date values in:
9766:"Professor Tony Coady"
9734:Cite journal requires
9574:Check date values in:
9379:Woodward, Bob (1987).
9291:Check date values in:
8972:RG intelligence agency
8860:Ware, Michael (2007).
8668:Cite journal requires
8656:Check date values in:
8157:Check date values in:
7493:Check date values in:
7436:Check date values in:
7220:Statistics of Democide
6770:. The Atlantic online.
6624:Check date values in:
6487:Check date values in:
6436:Check date values in:
6383:Check date values in:
6332:Check date values in:
6235:Check date values in:
6178:Check date values in:
6163:. Retrieved 27-04-2007
6128:Check date values in:
6113:. Retrieved 27-04-2007
6002:Check date values in:
5858:Check date values in:
5784:Check date values in:
5733:Check date values in:
5684:Check date values in:
5623:Windschuttle, Keith. "
5605:Check date values in:
5524:Check date values in:
5479:Check date values in:
5431:Check date values in:
5383:Check date values in:
5338:Check date values in:
5293:Check date values in:
5250:Check date values in:
5207:Check date values in:
5162:Check date values in:
5104:Check date values in:
5028:Command responsibility
4780:
4742:
4612:
4596:
4557:
4541:
4526:
4455:
4432:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4157:United States Congress
4075:terrorist organization
3984:militant organization
3884:School of the Americas
3859:administration in the
3841:
3730:School of the Americas
3713:School of the Americas
3704:and suffered over 100
3664:
3656:
3642:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3606:
3578:
3550:School of the Americas
3542:
3532:
3515:
3450:
3423:Further information: ]
3399:
3227:
3151:Further information: ]
2985:
2886:
2818:, was approved by the
2746:Further information: ]
2674:
2502:This article has been
2499:
1126:|accessdate=2007-07-10
1119:|accessdate=2007-07-10
960:|accessdate=2007-06-23
638:|accessdate=2007-07-10
541:|accessdate=2007-07-09
441:|accessdate=2007-07-09
9623:|accessmonthday=
9383:. Simon and Schuster.
8939:, Wall Street Journal
8714:"Al-Qaeda's New Face"
8465:|accessdaymonth=
8065:|accessdaymonth=
7335:Gabriela Echeverria.
6768:Life With Luis Posada
5396:Piszkiewicz, Dennis (
5351:Simbulan, Roland G. (
4751:psychological warfare
4747:low-intensity warfare
4743:
4722:
4597:
4558:
4546:
4530:
4511:
4441:
4410:Binghamton University
4326:Some legal scholars,
4107:Executive Order 13224
4085:. According to the
4005:report was denied by
3838:Frederick H. Gareau,
3830:
3777:. The US accused the
3752:El Salvador (1980-92)
3688:who was serving as a
3660:
3646:
3638:
3627:Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed
3620:
3615:
3610:
3597:
3573:
3536:
3528:
3504:
3440:
3388:
3299:which found that the
3217:
3170:". In 1981 President
2981:
2869:
2824:Joint Chiefs of Staff
2659:
2498:
10784:Wright,, Thomas C. (
10621:Perdue, William D. (
9785:Coady, Tony (2004).
9449:Rice, Sarah (2005).
9116:"The Cult of Rajavi"
9097:, Acting Spokesman,
8627:Bhadrakumar, M. K. (
7657:Michael McClintock.
7640:. Human Rights First
7346:. The Redress Trust.
7286:: CS1 maint: year (
4745:U.S....fashioned..."
4554:Human Rights Watch,
4538:Human Rights Watch,
4424:Princeton University
4115:September 11 attacks
4109:; as well as by the
4061:were protecting the
4009:official sources .
3892:José Napoleón Duarte
3763:Salvadoran Civil War
3477:, lead coup plotter
3468:Jacobo Arbenz Guzman
3005:Luis Posada Carriles
2989:Luis Posada Carriles
2841:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2832:Secretary of Defense
2816:Operation Northwoods
2810:Operation Northwoods
2479:== Opposing views ==
2472:== Opposing views ==
2008:| month =February 18
176:William M. Connolley
102:William M. Connolley
10218:Article written by
9913:watchingamerica.com
9534:Walker, J. Samuel (
9152:Nigel Brew (2003).
8771:The Washington Post
6472:The Washington Post
6254:Rodríguez, Javier.
5708:Inter Press Service
5306:San Juan, Jr., E. (
5175:San Juan, Jr., E. (
4852:improve the article
4798:U.S. Special Forces
4380:C.A.J. (Tony) Coady
4306:improve the article
4266:Lebanon's civil war
4175:(R-MO), and former
4171:, (D-CA), and Sen.
4153:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
4087:Wall Street Journal
3942:Iran (1979-present)
3900:Roberto D'Aubuisson
3880:Roberto D'Aubuisson
3746:Roberto D'Aubuisson
3667:Sister Dianna Ortiz
3419:Guatemala (1954-96)
3147:Nicaragua (1979-90)
3114:electronic bracelet
3021:Trinidad and Tobago
2919:UN General Assembly
2915:UN General Assembly
2756:William King Harvey
2733:Cuba (1956-present)
2678:U.S. foreign policy
2522:Edit semi-protected
1799:| month =1 December
1535:| month =5 December
10668:Unknown parameter
10537:has generic name (
10483:has generic name (
10267:Thematic Documents
10103:Human Rights Watch
9812:Unknown parameter
9746:Unknown parameter
9639:|access-date=
9633:Unknown parameter
9621:Unknown parameter
9560:|access-date=
9540:Diplomatic History
9492:. Vol. 19 (no. 2).
9490:Diplomatic History
9315:Unknown parameter
9201:Michael Isikoff, "
8903:. L 314: 44. 2005.
8702:. CNN. 2007-02-16.
8689:The New York Times
8481:|access-date=
8475:Unknown parameter
8463:Unknown parameter
8247:Human Rights Watch
8175:|access-date=
8169:Unknown parameter
8149:has generic name (
8081:|access-date=
8075:Unknown parameter
8063:Unknown parameter
7337:"Terrorism Report"
7237:J. Michael Waller
7171:Unknown parameter
6884:Unknown parameter
6717:Unknown parameter
6703:|access-date=
6687:The New York Times
6458:Sanchez, Marcela (
5904:|access-date=
5796:Unknown parameter
5570:Barsamian, David (
5492:Halliday, Dennis (
5266:. United Nations.
5033:Economic terrorism
5023:American terrorism
4914:Secretary of State
4708:military exercises
4271:Maronite Christian
3946:An article in the
3845:Atlacatl Battalion
3800:of this mentality.
3512:Michael McClintock
3203:Iran-Contra affair
3180:Iran-Contra affair
2986:
2887:
2742:Operation Mongoose
2694:Keith Windschuttle
2579:
2508:unregistered users
2500:
1909:| work =Google.com
1689:| month =October 2
171:
151:": the usual
97:
10786:February 28, 2007
10505:November 28, 2003
10464:978-0-8122-1711-7
10357:'s online service
9965:Wilkins, Taylor.
9635:|accessyear=
9326:CS1 maint: year (
8641:Asia Times Online
8477:|accessyear=
8171:|accessyear=
8159:|accessdate=
8131:. Retrieved May 6
8077:|accessyear=
7964:Ratner, Michael.
7941:. Media Monitors.
7821:Missing or empty
7778:Missing or empty
7670:McClintock 32-33.
7601:More than one of
6180:|accessdate=
6130:|accessdate=
6087:, excerpted from
5811:CS1 maint: year (
5630:The New Criterion
5361:"The Real Threat"
4991:Islamic terrorist
4972:Pan Am Flight 103
4940:secret police of
4864:
4863:
4678:, and the CAFGU (
4623:Asia Times Online
4516:New People's Army
4484:New People's Army
4354:Japan's surrender
4318:
4317:
4123:Council of the EU
3994:Christopher Isham
3948:Asia Times Online
3330:The ICJ used the
3305:international law
3118:U.S. government's
3106:Los Angeles Times
3075:George H. W. Bush
2997:Cubana Flight 455
2597:
2596:
2589:
2577:
2575:
2483:
1142:}}</ref> }}
1135:}}</ref> }}
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9366:October 12, 1987
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9300:
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9250:"Shades of Gray"
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5444:Cohn, Marjorie (
5440:
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5392:
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5092:
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5070:
4934:Red Army Faction
4921:strict sanctions
4859:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4778:
4775:E. San Juan, Jr.
4740:
4737:E. San Juan, Jr.
4699:President Arroyo
4629:E. San Juan, Jr.
4610:
4607:E. San Juan, Jr.
4594:
4591:E. San Juan, Jr.
4555:
4539:
4524:
4502:E. San Juan, Jr.
4453:
4313:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4249:Robert McFarlane
4177:Attorney General
4149:Mohammad Khatami
4043:Persian-American
4039:Voice of America
4035:Abdul Malik Rigi
4023:Fars News Agency
3863:dismissed it as
3839:
3826:political terror
3715:— General
3513:
3448:
3397:
3225:
3176:William J. Casey
3015:, is accused by
2903:Counterterrorism
2867:
2847:Cuban government
2672:
2649:After President
2592:
2585:
2567:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2337:| month =June 21
2183:| month =June 24
1755:| last =Richards
1744:| first =Charles
1491:| last =Vulliamy
971:}}</ref>}}
408:|title=Terrorism
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8446:Paul Mulshine.
8444:
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8046:Paul Mulshine.
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7250:Official name:
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6885:
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6874:
6873:
6869:
6855:
6851:
6840:
6836:
6830:The Posada File
6828:
6824:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6800:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6776:. Miami herald.
6771:
6766:
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6609:
6595:
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6579:
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6567:
6562:
6558:
6554:Cuba solidarity
6550:
6543:
6532:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6504:
6500:
6488:
6486:
6477:
6476:
6468:"Moral Misstep"
6456:
6449:
6437:
6435:
6426:
6425:
6419:
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6401:
6400:
6396:
6384:
6382:
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6364:
6363:. Workers World
6349:
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6150:
6149:
6145:
6133:
6129:
6127:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6091:by Noam Chomsky
6085:Robert McNamara
6083:
6079:
6074:
6070:
6065:
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6056:
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6047:
6043:
6038:
6034:
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6019:
6015:
6003:
6001:
5992:
5991:
5985:Jack Anderson (
5983:
5979:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5931:
5919:
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5907:
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5902:
5893:
5892:
5878:
5871:
5859:
5857:
5848:
5847:
5841:
5839:
5826:Falk, Richard (
5824:
5820:
5810:
5802:|location=
5801:
5797:
5795:
5785:
5783:
5774:
5773:
5763:Falk, Richard (
5761:
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5087:
5085:
5076:Ball, Matthew (
5071:
5067:
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5051:
5004:
4955:, allegedly by
4929:
4903:
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4836:
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4779:
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4759:mass executions
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4684:anti-insurgency
4653:
4638:Melo Commission
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4553:
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4525:
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4471:
4454:
4448:
4428:state terrorism
4420:Richard A. Falk
4401:. He writes in
4391:Just War Theory
4382:is head of the
4339:Empire of Japan
4335:nuclear attacks
4324:
4314:
4303:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4221:cleric, Sheikh
4211:
4188:
4053:In April 2007,
4051:
3978:
3944:
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3837:
3818:
3759:
3754:
3738:
3732:
3706:cigarette burns
3675:
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3524:Robert E. White
3514:
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3126:
3048:Felix Rodriguez
2976:
2937:John F. Kennedy
2928:
2857:, President of
2855:Ricardo Alarcón
2828:Robert McNamara
2814:A secret plan,
2812:
2752:Edward Lansdale
2747:
2744:
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2730:
2717:
2673:
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2647:
2642:
2630:state terrorism
2608:state terrorism
2593:
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2491:Semi-protection
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9736:|journal=
9695:
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9415:Worldpress.org
9413:Paul Cochrane
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9276:New York Times
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7724:McClintock 61.
7717:
7715:McClintock 54.
7708:
7706:McClintock 75.
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7690:
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7679:McClintock 33.
7672:
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7650:
7629:
7616:
7576:
7562:
7549:Robert Parry.
7541:
7528:
7504:
7447:
7411:"Noam Chomsky"
7401:Hansen, Suzy (
7393:
7382:middlebury.edu
7369:
7349:
7324:
7294:
7256:
7254:June 27, 1986.
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6834:
6832:. The Nation.
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6394:
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6300:Landau, Saul (
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5929:
5890:(25): 873–892.
5869:
5818:
5755:
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5695:
5641:
5616:
5584:Monthly Review
5559:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5541:. 2003-12-09.
5534:
5489:
5441:
5415:978-0275979522
5414:
5393:
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5172:
5114:
5072:More details:
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5049:External links
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4899:Main article:
4896:
4893:
4884:New York Times
4874:
4873:
4862:
4861:
4839:
4837:
4830:
4824:
4823:Opposing views
4821:
4790:extra-judicial
4770:
4755:disappearances
4732:
4718:Stephen Hadley
4695:Reality of Aid
4652:
4651:US involvement
4649:
4602:
4586:
4551:
4535:
4520:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4449:Richard Falk,
4446:
4412:and author of
4373:Michael Walzer
4320:Main article:
4316:
4315:
4293:
4291:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4210:
4209:Lebanon (1985)
4207:
4193:New York Times
4187:
4186:Iraq (1992-95)
4184:
4111:European Union
4095:European Union
4069:and its base,
4050:
4047:
3977:
3974:
3943:
3940:
3853:Latin American
3835:
3817:
3816:US involvement
3814:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3734:Main article:
3731:
3728:
3717:Héctor Gramajo
3683:Roman Catholic
3671:Main article:
3668:
3665:
3602:Chester Atkins
3509:
3479:Castillo Armas
3458:
3457:US involvement
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3286:Main article:
3283:
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3221:
3158:government in
3148:
3145:
3125:
3124:US allegations
3122:
3083:New York Times
3054:supplying the
3052:Richard Secord
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2924:
2836:Guantanamo Bay
2811:
2808:
2768:Miami, Florida
2743:
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2713:
2670:Monthly Review
2665:
2651:George W. Bush
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6951:, May 8, 2007
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4693:According to
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4258:Ronald Reagan
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4254:William Casey
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4236:Saudi Arabian
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4180:John Ashcroft
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4167:(R-CO), Rep.
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3475:Jacobo Arbenz
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3164:Ronald Reagan
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3102:Robert Scheer
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3022:
3018:
3014:
3013:Orlando Bosch
3010:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2870:Gathering of
2868:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2739:
2725:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:United States
2591:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2512:autoconfirmed
2509:
2505:
2497:
2485:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2401:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2379:
2376:
2368:
2365:
2357:
2354:
2346:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2324:
2321:
2315:| coauthors =
2313:
2310:
2302:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2280:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2258:
2255:
2247:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2225:
2222:
2214:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2192:
2189:
2181:
2178:
2170:
2167:
2161:| coauthors =
2159:
2156:
2148:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2072:
2069:
2061:
2058:
2050:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2006:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1986:| coauthors =
1984:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1964:| last =Floyd
1962:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1896:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1786:
1783:
1777:| coauthors =
1775:
1772:
1764:
1761:
1753:
1750:
1742:
1739:
1731:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1709:
1706:
1698:
1695:
1687:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1667:| coauthors =
1665:
1662:
1654:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1621:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1588:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1566:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1544:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1513:| coauthors =
1511:
1508:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1478:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1447:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1197:
1189:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
978:
977:
969:
966:
958:
955:
947:
944:
936:
933:
925:
922:
914:
911:
903:
900:
894:
891:
883:
880:
874:
871:
863:
860:
854:
851:
843:
840:
834:
831:
823:
820:
814:
811:
803:
800:
792:
789:
781:
778:
770:
767:
759:
756:
748:
745:
739:
736:
728:
725:
719:
716:
708:
705:
699:
696:
687:
684:
678:
675:
667:
664:
658:
655:
647:
644:
636:
633:
625:
622:
614:
611:
603:
600:
592:
589:
581:
578:
570:
567:
561:
558:
550:
547:
539:
536:
528:
525:
517:
514:
508:|first=Thalif
506:
503:
495:
492:
484:
481:
473:
470:
461:
458:
450:
447:
439:
436:
428:
425:
417:
414:
406:
403:
395:
392:
383:
380:
374:
371:
365:
363:
358:
356:
355:
347:
344:
336:
333:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:
315:
313:
308:
306:
305:
297:
291:
289:
284:
282:
281:
275:
273:
268:
266:
265:
255:
244:
241:
233:
228:
224:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:Autopatrolled
187:
183:
178:
169:
165:
157:
150:
132:
128:
124:
120:
119:Autopatrolled
113:
109:
104:
95:
91:
73:
58:
51:
41:Content added
33:
30:
20:
10789:
10753:. Retrieved
10739:Vann, Bill (
10708:. Retrieved
10685:
10676:suggested) (
10630:
10590:. Retrieved
10569:
10535:|first=
10508:
10481:|first=
10454:
10435:
10416:
10396:
10383:
10372:
10362:
10346:
10335:
10324:
10310:
10302:
10295:
10284:
10273:
10248:
10237:. Retrieved
10227:
10192:. Retrieved
10178:
10164:
10126:
10117:
10102:
10077:. Retrieved
10068:
10054:
10023:. Retrieved
10013:
9999:
9985:
9976:0-41504152-X
9966:
9960:
9916:. Retrieved
9912:
9898:
9888:
9844:. Retrieved
9826:
9814:|month=
9796:0-52285049-9
9786:
9780:
9769:. Retrieved
9760:
9727:cite journal
9716:. Retrieved
9711:
9698:
9682:|first=
9663:. Retrieved
9641:suggested) (
9600:
9552:cite journal
9543:
9539:
9529:
9506:|issue=
9498:cite journal
9489:
9483:
9463:cite journal
9454:
9442:
9436:
9417:July 5, 2004
9414:
9406:
9380:
9363:
9336:
9317:|month=
9284:cite journal
9275:
9265:
9254:. Retrieved
9243:
9232:. Retrieved
9221:
9211:26 September
9206:
9197:
9169:
9158:. Retrieved
9147:
9133:
9119:. Retrieved
9109:
9086:
9075:
9056:
9032:
9012:
9004:
8981:
8959:
8936:
8930:
8919:. Retrieved
8909:
8900:
8888:
8877:. Retrieved
8865:
8855:
8844:
8839:(in Persian)
8833:
8822:
8811:
8800:
8789:
8776:September 13
8769:
8762:Howard Kurtz
8757:
8733:
8722:
8708:
8694:
8682:
8649:cite journal
8622:
8612:
8603:
8592:
8583:
8574:
8565:
8556:
8547:
8538:
8529:
8520:
8511:
8502:
8493:
8483:suggested) (
8441:
8432:
8423:
8414:
8405:
8396:
8390:
8381:0-67413649-7
8371:
8365:
8356:
8346:
8337:
8328:
8319:
8310:
8301:
8292:
8283:
8274:
8265:
8254:
8241:
8232:
8221:
8212:
8203:
8195:
8187:
8177:suggested) (
8121:
8106:
8093:
8083:suggested) (
8041:
8017:|pages=
8000:
7994:
7969:. Retrieved
7959:
7947:
7938:
7932:
7923:
7912:
7903:
7892:
7881:
7870:
7859:. Retrieved
7849:
7835:
7823:|title=
7792:
7780:|title=
7749:
7729:
7720:
7711:
7702:
7693:
7684:
7675:
7666:
7658:
7653:
7642:. Retrieved
7632:
7624:
7619:
7603:|pages=
7585:
7579:
7565:
7554:. Retrieved
7544:
7531:
7520:. Retrieved
7517:chomsky.info
7516:
7507:
7475:. Retrieved
7450:
7418:. Retrieved
7396:
7385:. Retrieved
7381:
7372:
7361:. Retrieved
7352:
7343:
7313:. Retrieved
7309:
7282:cite journal
7273:
7269:
7259:
7251:
7246:
7233:
7219:
7214:
7204:
7199:
7189:
7185:
7173:|month=
7149:
7140:
7131:
7122:
7113:
7104:
7093:. Retrieved
7089:
7080:
7050:
7041:
7030:. Retrieved
7026:
7017:
6987:
6981:
6967:
6956:
6947:
6939:
6927:
6913:
6886:|month=
6868:1-87528492-3
6858:
6852:
6837:
6825:
6814:. Retrieved
6790:. Retrieved
6781:
6763:
6751:. Retrieved
6746:
6736:
6725:suggested) (
6686:
6680:
6598:
6592:
6580:
6568:
6559:
6513:
6501:
6418:. Retrieved
6397:
6365:. Retrieved
6353:September 16
6351:Wood, Nick (
6346:
6314:. Retrieved
6281:. Retrieved
6271:
6260:. Retrieved
6249:
6217:. Retrieved
6196:
6146:
6096:
6088:
6080:
6071:
6062:
6053:
6044:
6035:
6026:
6016:
5980:
5970:
5961:
5951:
5942:
5932:
5896:cite journal
5887:
5881:
5840:. Retrieved
5821:
5804:suggested) (
5768:
5758:
5747:
5715:. Retrieved
5698:
5666:. Retrieved
5651:September 29
5649:Regan, Tom (
5644:
5628:
5619:
5587:. Retrieved
5553:
5538:
5506:. Retrieved
5461:. Retrieved
5405:
5365:. Retrieved
5320:. Retrieved
5308:September 18
5275:. Retrieved
5232:. Retrieved
5225:September 16
5189:. Retrieved
5148:|first=
5129:. Retrieved
5086:. Retrieved
5068:
4942:East Germany
4905:
4904:
4883:
4881:
4875:
4867:
4841:
4818:
4802:human rights
4787:
4781:
4766:death squads
4763:paramilitary
4744:
4723:
4712:
4704:
4692:
4669:
4657:military aid
4654:
4646:
4627:
4620:
4616:James Petras
4613:
4598:
4559:
4547:
4542:
4531:
4527:
4512:
4507:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4477:
4463:
4456:
4450:
4442:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4402:
4377:
4371:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4347:20th century
4337:against the
4332:World War II
4325:
4295:
4277:Japan (1945)
4256:, president
4243:
4232:Bob Woodward
4212:
4191:
4189:
4165:Tom Tancredo
4162:
4146:
4125:declared on
4052:
4021:
4017:
4013:Alexis Debat
4011:
3979:
3958:government.
3945:
3935:
3932:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3904:
3896:Oscar Romero
3877:
3872:death squads
3869:
3867:propaganda.
3842:
3831:
3822:human rights
3819:
3804:
3798:
3793:Death squads
3791:
3787:
3783:
3760:
3743:
3739:
3725:
3710:
3681:citizen and
3676:
3673:Dianna Ortiz
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3593:
3581:
3580:Writing for
3579:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3558:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3520:
3516:
3505:
3500:
3488:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3451:
3441:
3433:
3430:
3409:jurisdiction
3402:
3400:
3389:
3380:Noam Chomsky
3377:
3342:
3336:
3329:
3325:jurisdiction
3320:jurisdiction
3317:
3292:
3291:
3274:Resistance."
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:William Blum
3228:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3196:
3153:
3127:
3110:
3098:declassified
3095:
3080:
3068:
3060:
3040:
3037:
3002:
2994:
2987:
2964:
2945:
2929:
2912:
2895:Operation 40
2888:
2872:Operation 40
2845:
2820:the Pentagon
2813:
2800:Fidel Castro
2796:
2784:
2780:John Roselli
2776:Fidel Castro
2764:
2748:
2736:
2718:
2707:
2703:
2692:
2686:Noam Chomsky
2675:
2669:
2660:
2655:Noam Chomsky
2648:
2624:
2617:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2554:Please help
2551:
2524:}}
2520:{{
2501:
2359:| journal =]
2326:| year =2001
2205:| journal =]
2172:| year =2000
1997:| year =2005
1788:| year =1990
1678:| year =2005
1524:| year =1990
949:|publisher=]
627:|publisher=]
519:|publisher=]
430:|publisher=]
386:encyclopedia
261:|small=yes}}
250:|small=yes}}
10817:|date=
10773:|date=
10741:November 21
10728:|date=
10670:|city=
10658:|date=
10610:|date=
10578:December 12
10547:|date=
10062:. Bulatlat.
9936:|date=
9864:|date=
9748:|name=
9686:|last=
9576:|date=
9293:|year=
9019:December 12
8994:December 21
8968:Yves Bonnet
8658:|date=
8629:February 24
7609:specified (
7607:|page=
7495:|date=
7438:|date=
7241:Summer 2004
6626:|date=
6489:|date=
6460:September 3
6438:|date=
6385:|date=
6334:|date=
6302:February 13
6237:|date=
6184:|date=
6134:|date=
6004:|date=
5860:|date=
5798:|city=
5786:|year=
5735:|date=
5686:|date=
5607:|date=
5526:|date=
5481:|date=
5433:|date=
5398:November 30
5385:|date=
5340:|date=
5295:|date=
5252:|date=
5209:|date=
5164:|date=
5152:|last=
5106:|date=
4995:Afghanistan
4727:Fidel Ramos
4459:Hugo Chavez
4366:Howard Zinn
4198:Iyad Allawi
4134:December 12
4071:Camp Ashraf
3824:abuses and
3779:Sandinistas
3767:El Salvador
3591:massacres.
3588:Allan Nairn
3413:Soviet Bloc
3254:El Salvador
3188:MIM-23 Hawk
3027:, Cuba and
2983:Luis Posada
2974:Luis Posada
2941:Bay of Pigs
1854:| pages =12
1590:| pages =12
1480:| first =Ed
223:Next edit →
205:Rollbackers
168:view source
131:Rollbackers
94:view source
32:Next edit →
10839:Categories
10755:2007-07-09
10710:2007-07-09
10592:2007-07-09
10409:References
10305:March 2007
10239:2007-06-05
10194:2007-06-04
10079:2008-04-05
10025:2008-03-16
10021:. Bulatlat
9918:2008-01-30
9905:2005-08-08
9846:2008-01-30
9833:2002-09-09
9771:2008-01-30
9718:2007-07-11
9665:2008-01-30
9564:|url=
9536:2005-April
9457:. Vol. 18.
9256:2007-07-15
9252:. Newsweek
9234:2007-07-15
9160:2007-07-15
9121:2006-04-21
9065:February 2
9045:February 1
8921:2007-07-15
8879:2007-04-06
7971:2007-07-09
7861:2007-06-23
7644:2007-07-03
7556:2007-06-23
7522:2006-07-30
7477:2007-07-10
7420:2007-07-10
7403:January 16
7387:2006-09-05
7363:2007-07-09
7315:2006-07-30
7276:: 160–166.
7227:References
7095:2006-07-30
7032:2006-07-30
6961:CRS Report
6816:2008-01-08
6792:2007-07-09
6753:2007-01-20
6707:|url=
6671:2007-07-09
6669:Retrieved
6608:1875284850
6536:since the
6420:2007-07-10
6367:2007-07-10
6316:2007-07-10
6283:2007-07-10
6262:2007-07-10
6219:2007-02-02
6210:December 5
6160:01-05-2001
6110:04-30-2001
5987:1971-01-18
5908:|url=
5883:The Nation
5842:2007-07-10
5828:January 28
5717:2007-07-10
5712:2005-09-28
5668:2007-02-02
5589:2007-07-10
5572:November 6
5508:2007-07-09
5463:2007-07-09
5367:2007-07-09
5322:2007-07-09
5277:2008-02-07
5234:2008-02-14
5191:2007-07-09
5131:2008-02-14
5122:November 7
5088:2008-02-14
4985:attack by
4868:See also:
4844:unbalanced
4809:Abu Sayyaf
4562:Bayan Muna
4474:Background
4378:Professor
4364:Historian
4328:historians
4298:unbalanced
4239:government
4169:Bob Filner
4127:30 January
3990:Brian Ross
3964:covert war
3757:Background
3702:gang-raped
3690:missionary
3586:, in 1995
3583:The Nation
3427:Background
3327:to order.
3313:Nicaraguan
3263:Costa Rica
3252:rebels in
3156:Sandinista
3137:, and the
3064:Otto Reich
2880:22 January
2839:after the
2721:mass media
2709:Arno Mayer
2557:improve it
2370:| volume =
2216:| volume =
2041:| volume =
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10808:cite book
10701:August 15
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10109:help page
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9562:requires
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9319:ignored (
9099:August 15
9095:Tom Casey
9043:website,
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5777:cite book
5771:. Dutton.
5726:cite news
5457:(Reprint)
5424:cite book
5363:. Seminar
4957:Hezbollah
4856:talk page
4806:terrorist
4634:Jose Melo
4578:Karapatan
4574:Anakbayan
4566:Anakpawis
4395:Terrorism
4310:talk page
4244:The U.S.
3986:Jundallah
3976:Jundullah
3917:El Mozote
3849:El Mozote
3694:Guatemala
3192:Hezbollah
3160:Nicaragua
3029:Venezuela
2876:Venezuela
2682:Nicaragua
2626:Terrorism
2620:terrorism
2613:terrorism
2563:talk page
2528:confirmed
2516:confirmed
2392:| pages =
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6279:. Granma
6258:. Granma
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5539:Hot Type
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5150:missing
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4987:Al-Qaeda
4887:nations.
4771:—
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10105:2003
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8897:(PDF)
8875:. CNN
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7224:Table
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