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276:|url=http://ysearchblog.com/2007/04/11/webmasters-can-now-auto-discover-with-sitemaps/ |title=Yahoo! Search Blog - Webmasters can now auto-discover with Sitemaps |access-date=2009-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305061841/http://ysearchblog.com/2007/04/11/webmasters-can-now-auto-discover-with-sitemaps/ |archive-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
268:|url=http://ysearchblog.com/2007/04/11/webmasters-can-now-auto-discover-with-sitemaps/ |title=Yahoo! Search Blog - Webmasters can now auto-discover with Sitemaps |access-date=2009-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305061841/http://ysearchblog.com/2007/04/11/webmasters-can-now-auto-discover-with-sitemaps/ |archive-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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The X-Robots-Tag is only effective after the page has been requested and the server responds, and the robots meta tag is only effective after the page has loaded, whereas robots.txt is effective before the page is requested. Thus if a page is excluded by a robots.txt file, any robots meta tags or
800:
The crawl-delay value is supported by some crawlers to throttle their visits to the host. Since this value is not part of the standard, its interpretation is dependent on the crawler reading it. It is used when the multiple burst of visits from bots is slowing down the host. Yandex interprets the
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did not crawl sites with robots.txt, but in April 2017, it announced that it would no longer honour directives in the robots.txt files. "Over time we have observed that the robots.txt files that are geared toward search engine crawlers do not necessarily serve our archival purposes". This was in
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User-agent: googlebot # all Google services
Disallow: /private/ # disallow this directory User-agent: googlebot-news # only the news service Disallow: / # disallow everything User-agent: * # any robot Disallow: /something/ # disallow this
568:
A robots.txt file on a website will function as a request that specified robots ignore specified files or directories when crawling a site. This might be, for example, out of a preference for privacy from search engine results, or the belief that the content of the selected directories might be
630:. The group views it as an obsolete standard that hinders web archival efforts. According to project leader Jason Scott, "unchecked, and left alone, the robots.txt file ensures no mirroring or reference for items that may have general use and meaning beyond the website's context."
658:(NIST) in the United States specifically recommends against this practice: "System security should not depend on the secrecy of the implementation or its components." In the context of robots.txt files, security through obscurity is not recommended as a security technique.
650:; it cannot enforce any of what is stated in the file. Malicious web robots are unlikely to honor robots.txt; some may even use the robots.txt as a guide to find disallowed links and go straight to them. While this is sometimes claimed to be a security risk, this sort of
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Some crawlers (]) support a <code>Host</code> directive, allowing websites with multiple mirrors to specify their preferred domain:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://help.yandex.com/webmaster/?id=1113851 |title=Yandex - Using robots.txt |access-date=2013-05-13
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misleading or irrelevant to the categorization of the site as a whole, or out of a desire that an application only operates on certain data. Links to pages listed in robots.txt can still appear in search results if they are linked to from a page that is crawled.
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The nonstandard extension of the 'Host' directive/keyword is no longer used by any well-known search engine, including the previously mentioned Yandex. As it was also not used a lot in practice, it no longer makes sense to mention it
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value as the number of seconds to wait between subsequent visits. Bing defines crawl-delay as the size of a time window (from 1 to 30 seconds) during which BingBot will access a web site only once. Google provides an interface in its
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Some crawlers support a <code>Sitemap</code> directive, allowing multiple ] in the same <samp>robots.txt</samp> in the form <code>Sitemap: ''full-url''</code>:<ref>{{cite web
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Some crawlers support a <code>Sitemap</code> directive, allowing multiple ] in the same <samp>robots.txt</samp> in the form <code>Sitemap: ''full-url''</code>:<ref>{{cite web
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and X-Robots-Tag HTTP headers. The robots meta tag cannot be used for non-HTML files such as images, text files, or PDF documents. On the other hand, the X-Robots-Tag can be added to non-HTML files by using
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A robots.txt file contains instructions for bots indicating which web pages they can and cannot access. Robots.txt files are particularly important for web crawlers from search engines such as Google.
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The Robots
Exclusion Protocol requires crawlers to parse at least 500 kibibytes (KiB) of robots.txt files, which Google maintains as a 500 kibibyte file size restriction for robots.txt files .
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following this standard include Ask, AOL, Baidu, DuckDuckGo, Google, Yahoo!, and Yandex. Bing is still not fully compatible with the standard as it cannot inherit settings from the
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and robots that scan for security vulnerabilities may very well start with the portions of the website they have been asked (by the Robots
Exclusion Protocol) to stay out of.
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It is also possible to list multiple robots with their own rules. The actual robot string is defined by the crawler. A few robot operators, such as
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773:# Comments appear after the "#" symbol at the start of a line, or after a directive User-agent: * # match all bots Disallow: / # keep them out
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In addition to root-level robots.txt files, robots exclusion directives can be applied at a more granular level through the use of
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to the web server when fetching content. A web administrator could also configure the server to automatically return failure (or
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that present and future web crawlers were expected to follow; most complied, including those operated by search engines such as
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claims to have provoked Koster to suggest robots.txt, after he wrote a badly-behaved web crawler that inadvertently caused a
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Despite the use of the terms "allow" and "disallow", the protocol is purely advisory and relies on the compliance of the
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User-agent: BadBot # replace 'BadBot' with the actual user-agent of the bot User-agent: Googlebot
Disallow: /private/
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to follow the instructions try to fetch this file and read the instructions before fetching any other file from the
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On July 1, 2019, Google announced the proposal of the Robots
Exclusion Protocol as an official standard under
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X-Robots-Tag headers are effectively ignored because the robot will not see them in the first place.
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554:). This text file contains the instructions in a specific format (see examples below). Robots that
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1653:"Robots.txt meant for search engines don't work well for web archives | Internet Archive Blogs"
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explicitly ignores robots.txt directives, using it instead for discovering more links, such as
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2175:"Robots meta tag and X-Robots-Tag HTTP header specifications - Webmasters — Google Developers"
576:. For websites with multiple subdomains, each subdomain must have its own robots.txt file. If
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response to entire domains being tagged with robots.txt when the content became obsolete.
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When a site owner wishes to give instructions to web robots they place a text file called
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2007:"Is This a Google Easter Egg or Proof That Skynet Is Actually Plotting World Domination?"
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User-agent: BadBot # replace 'BadBot' with the actual user-agent of the bot
Disallow: /
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mailing list, the main communication channel for WWW-related activities at the time.
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This example tells all robots that they can visit all files because the wildcard
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Standard used to advise web crawlers and scrapers not to index a web page or site
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Koster, Martijn; Illyes, Gary; Zeller, Henner; Sassman, Lizzi (September 2022).
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1090:"Maintaining Distributed Hypertext Infostructures: Welcome to MOMspider's Web"
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The same result can be accomplished with an empty or missing robots.txt file.
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1534:"Robots Exclusion Protocol: joining together to provide better documentation"
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This example tells two specific robots not to enter one specific directory:
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file that displays information meant for humans to read. Some sites such as
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1923:"Deny Strings for Filtering Rules : The Official Microsoft IIS Site"
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1686:"The Internet Archive Will Ignore Robots.txt Files to Maintain Accuracy"
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2117:"Yahoo! Search Blog - Webmasters can now auto-discover with Sitemaps"
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1178:"How I got here in the end, part five: "things can only get better!""
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592:. In addition, each protocol and port needs its own robots.txt file;
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2230:"How Google Interprets the robots.txt Specification | Documentation"
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National
Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
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This example tells all robots to stay away from one specific file:
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User-agent: * Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /tmp/ Disallow: /junk/
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538:. A proposed standard was published in September 2022 as RFC 9309.
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292:<pre>Sitemap: http://www.example.com/sitemap.xml</pre>
285:<pre>Sitemap: http://www.example.com/sitemap.xml</pre>
1743:"Robots.txt tells hackers the places you don't want them to look"
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Koster, M.; Illyes, G.; Zeller, H.; Sassman, L. (2022-09-14).
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All other files in the specified directory will be processed.
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This example tells all robots not to enter three directories:
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1209:"Robots.txt Celebrates 20 Years Of Blocking Search Engines"
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Innocent Code: A Security Wake-Up Call for Web
Programmers
1718:"Block URLs with robots.txt: Learn about robots.txt files"
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1238:"Formalizing the Robots Exclusion Protocol Specification"
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directive has no value, meaning no pages are disallowed.
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which portions of the website they are allowed to visit.
1564:"How to Create a Robots.txt File - Bing Webmaster Tools"
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This example tells all robots to stay out of a website:
674:) when it detects a connection using one of the robots.
2061:"To crawl or not to crawl, that is BingBot's question"
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The "robots.txt" file can be used in conjunction with
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Scarfone, K. A.; Jansen, W.; Tracy, M. (July 2008).
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2087:"Change Googlebot crawl rate - Search Console Help"
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465:. Not all robots comply with the standard; indeed,
1779:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
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1873:"List of User-Agents (Spiders, Robots, Browser)"
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770:Example demonstrating how comments can be used:
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1149:"Important: Spiders, Robots and Web Wanderers"
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812:User-agent: bingbot Allow: / Crawl-delay: 10
755:User-agent: * Disallow: /directory/file.html
696:Previously, Google had a joke file hosted at
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783:Example demonstrating multiple user-agents:
550:in the root of the web site hierarchy (e.g.
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842:Sitemap: http://www.example.com/sitemap.xml
1475:"Submitting your website to Yahoo! Search"
854:does not mention the "*" character in the
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1840:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 91–92.
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967:– a failed proposal to extend robots.txt
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654:is discouraged by standards bodies. The
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1445:"Webmasters: Robots.txt Specifications"
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2004:
1242:Official Google Webmaster Central Blog
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384:This is not supported by all crawlers.
2201:"RFC 9309: Robots Exclusion Protocol"
2152:from the original on November 2, 2019
1954:from the original on January 24, 2017
1898:"Access Control - Apache HTTP Server"
1683:
1422:from the original on 16 February 2017
428:For Knowledge's robots.txt file, see
421:Revision as of 20:28, 21 January 2024
185:Revision as of 20:28, 21 January 2024
104:Revision as of 19:01, 15 January 2024
1603:from the original on 10 October 2022
1332:from the original on 27 January 2013
1147:Koster, Martijn (25 February 1994).
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430:https://en.wikipedia.org/robots.txt
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1774:"Guide to General Server Security"
1392:from the original on 6 August 2013
1297:"Uncrawled URLs in search results"
552:https://www.example.com/robots.txt
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49:
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1986:from the original on May 30, 2016
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965:Automated Content Access Protocol
934:Maximum size of a robots.txt file
704:not to kill the company founders
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992:National Digital Library Program
919:A "noindex" HTTP response header
666:Many robots also pass a special
146:Restored revision 1194609200 by
2277:Internet Engineering Task Force
2240:from the original on 2022-10-17
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2181:from the original on 2013-08-08
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2097:from the original on 2018-11-18
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2067:from the original on 2016-02-03
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2017:from the original on 2018-11-18
2005:Newman, Lily Hay (2014-07-03).
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1929:from the original on 2014-01-01
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1904:from the original on 2013-12-29
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1879:from the original on 2014-01-07
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1854:from the original on 2016-04-01
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1794:from the original on 2011-10-08
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1753:from the original on 2015-08-21
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1724:from the original on 2015-08-14
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1698:from the original on 2017-05-16
1663:from the original on 2018-12-04
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1633:from the original on 2017-02-18
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1574:from the original on 2019-02-07
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1544:from the original on 2014-08-18
1514:from the original on 2013-01-25
1481:from the original on 2013-01-21
1455:from the original on 2013-01-15
1303:from the original on 2014-01-06
1278:from the original on 2022-09-22
1248:from the original on 2019-07-10
1219:from the original on 2015-09-07
1207:Barry Schwartz (30 June 2014).
1188:from the original on 2013-11-25
1129:from the original on 2014-01-12
1103:from the original on 2013-09-27
1070:from the original on 2017-04-03
805:for webmasters, to control the
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536:Internet Engineering Task Force
1627:"Robots.txt is a suicide note"
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724:stands for all robots and the
596:does not apply to pages under
1:
1684:Jones, Brad (24 April 2017).
1125:. Robotstxt.org. 1994-06-30.
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824:directive, allowing multiple
594:http://example.com/robots.txt
572:A robots.txt file covers one
492:The standard was proposed by
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2038:. 2018-01-10. Archived from
18:Browse history interactively
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2272:"Robots Exclusion Protocol"
2142:"Robots.txt Specifications"
1322:"About Ask.com: Webmasters"
1268:"Robots Exclusion Protocol"
941:
715:
641:
541:
10:
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2320:Search engine optimization
1593:"ArchiveBot: Bad behavior"
815:
743:User-agent: * Disallow: /
689:redirect humans.txt to an
652:security through obscurity
580:had a robots.txt file but
487:
442:used for implementing the
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1834:Sverre H. Huseby (2004).
731:User-agent: * Disallow:
444:Robots Exclusion Protocol
414:===Universal "*" match===
407:===Universal "*" match===
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353:Host: hosting.example.com
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1299:. YouTube. Oct 5, 2009.
977:Distributed web crawling
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852:Robot Exclusion Standard
820:Some crawlers support a
672:pass alternative content
598:http://example.com:8080/
510:denial-of-service attack
500:in February 1994 on the
450:to indicate to visiting
133:Extended confirmed users
1925:. Iis.net. 2013-11-06.
1785:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-123
734:User-agent: * Allow: /
622:The volunteering group
99:
1815:Cite journal requires
1123:"The Web Robots Pages"
1088:Fielding, Roy (1994).
924:X-Robots-Tag: noindex
809:'s subsequent visits.
791:Nonstandard extensions
1153:www-talk mailing list
862:Meta tags and headers
796:Crawl-delay directive
446:, a standard used by
242:Visual edit: Switched
2036:"/killer-robots.txt"
1900:. Httpd.apache.org.
1597:wiki.archiveteam.org
1166:on October 29, 2013.
883:A "noindex" meta tag
677:Some sites, such as
633:For some years, the
602:https://example.com/
515:It quickly became a
512:on Koster's server.
463:voluntary compliance
1974:"Github humans.txt"
1948:"Google humans.txt"
1875:. User-agents.org.
1362:on 13 December 2012
910:"noindex"
846:Universal "*" match
588:would not apply to
496:, when working for
154:): Not constructive
2205:www.rfc-editor.org
2091:support.google.com
1504:"Using robots.txt"
1352:"About AOL Search"
1213:Search Engine Land
1016:for search engines
901:"robots"
698:/killer-robots.txt
613:wildcard character
607:Some major search
197:
111:
2234:Google Developers
2199:Koster, Martijn.
2146:Google Developers
1659:. 17 April 2017.
1449:Google Developers
1164:archived message)
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1157:the original
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1117:
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1096:
1093:(PostScript)
1083:
1072:. Retrieved
1063:
1060:"Historical"
1054:
958:security.txt
937:
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828:in the same
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700:instructing
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662:Alternatives
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624:Archive Team
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452:web crawlers
443:
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364:</pre>
1637:18 February
1623:Jason Scott
1548:16 February
1518:16 February
1485:16 February
1459:16 February
1396:16 February
1366:16 February
1336:16 February
1035:Web crawler
1025:Spider trap
858:statement.
710:Sergey Brin
586:example.com
578:example.com
342:<pre>
249:Next edit →
46:Next edit →
2244:2022-10-17
2215:2022-12-08
2185:2013-08-17
2127:2009-03-23
2101:22 October
2071:9 February
2046:2018-05-25
2021:2019-10-03
1990:October 3,
1958:October 3,
1933:2013-12-29
1908:2013-12-29
1883:2013-12-29
1858:2015-08-12
1798:August 12,
1757:August 12,
1728:2015-08-10
1667:2018-12-01
1607:10 October
1578:2019-02-06
1307:2013-12-29
1282:2022-09-22
1252:2019-07-10
1223:2015-11-19
1133:2013-12-29
1099:. Geneva.
1074:2017-03-03
1047:References
877:httpd.conf
830:robots.txt
787:directory
706:Larry Page
683:humans.txt
668:user-agent
548:robots.txt
521:WebCrawler
456:web robots
454:and other
436:robots.txt
310:===Host===
1386:Baidu.com
1162:Hypermail
873:.htaccess
856:Disallow:
834:Sitemap:
807:Googlebot
681:, host a
648:web robot
529:AltaVista
259:Line 133:
256:Line 133:
116:777burger
2314:Category
2304:Internet
2238:Archived
2209:Archived
2179:Archived
2150:Archived
2095:Archived
2065:Archived
2015:Archived
1984:Archived
1952:Archived
1927:Archived
1902:Archived
1877:Archived
1852:Archived
1789:Archived
1751:Archived
1722:Archived
1696:Archived
1661:Archived
1631:Archived
1601:Archived
1572:Archived
1542:Archived
1512:Archived
1479:Archived
1453:Archived
1426:25 April
1420:Archived
1390:Archived
1330:Archived
1301:Archived
1276:Archived
1246:Archived
1217:Archived
1192:19 April
1186:Archived
1127:Archived
1101:Archived
1068:Archived
1020:Sitemaps
1009:Perma.cc
1004:Nofollow
1000:(NDIIPP)
942:See also
836:full-url
826:Sitemaps
726:Disallow
716:Examples
642:Security
628:sitemaps
542:Standard
502:www-talk
482:sitemaps
471:spambots
448:websites
440:filename
212:contribs
126:contribs
70:Wikitext
1040:noindex
971:BotSeer
950:ads.txt
904:content
879:files.
822:Sitemap
816:Sitemap
609:engines
560:website
488:History
475:malware
438:is the
165:Twinkle
148:Tollens
2290:Portal
1979:GitHub
1844:
994:(NDLP)
778:Google
693:page.
687:GitHub
679:Google
574:origin
556:choose
527:, and
202:Jortvl
81:Inline
63:Visual
1792:(PDF)
1777:(PDF)
1702:8 May
913:/>
691:About
525:Lycos
498:Nexor
228:here.
140:edits
138:9,049
2158:2020
2103:2018
2073:2016
1992:2019
1960:2019
1842:ISBN
1821:help
1800:2015
1759:2015
1704:2017
1639:2017
1609:2022
1550:2013
1520:2013
1487:2013
1461:2013
1428:2017
1398:2013
1368:2013
1338:2013
1194:2014
1109:2013
895:name
892:meta
889:<
875:and
850:The
708:and
234:Tags
221:edit
208:talk
194:undo
189:edit
170:Undo
160:Tags
152:talk
122:talk
108:edit
1781:doi
619:).
600:or
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