63:
1074:
1179:" in ancient China. Han Fei says such assistants worked hard without concern for their health, rising early and retiring late, thinking cautiously but speaking frankly, holding their lord and state ahead of their own families and careers, and advising well but behaving humbly. He concludes, "Ministers like these, even under stupid and outrageous masters, could still achieve meritorious service. How much more could they do under brilliant sovereigns?"
1058:
267:
1166:
credits Hu Yan with the successful tactics used by the coalition against Chu at
Chengpu, but states that Chong'er subsequently rewarded Yong Ji instead because his advice had been to avoid deception and—while that had been less useful during wartime—it became better once peace was secured.
968:
who overheard them and reported to her; although she told her husband of his advisors' plans, she advised him to permit his own abduction, as it was for the best. He refused, saying that he chose to end his days idling in Qi. Qi Jiang then joined the conspirators and, getting him
1994:
1499:
has Hu Yan apologize to his prince for the many lies that he had been forced to tell during their travels, but as part of a remonstrance against the prince's attempt to hide the poor equipment and ragged servants of his travels from his new
1336:
1160:. Hu Yan was strongly supportive of the Jin position prior to the battle and even interpreted the Duke of Jin's dream—in which the Duke of Chu bent him over and began sucking out his brains—as a favorable omen. A passage in the
1958:
1942:
1923:
1867:
1948:
1476:. When Chong'er and his followers invaded Jin with a Qin army, Hu and Xian refused to obey orders to oppose them. Hu Yan then recommended his brother to Chong'er, who appointed him general of his Upper Army.
62:
883:"); upon his liberation and return to Jin, he found that many of his ministers supported his replacement by his half-brother Chong'er. Yiwu then sent assassins against him in 644
1175:
considered it textbook misadministration. He goes so far as listing Hu Yan as the most capable and important of Duke Chong'er's men and one of the prime "Assistants to
1281:
still considered the incident between Chong'er and Hu Yan in Qi as a classic example of how rulers sometimes depend on their followers and advisors for their success.
1084:
When the Qin army reached the border of Jin, Hu Yan made a great show of humility. He apologized for his many faults while in Chong'er's service and, offering him a
2245:
2250:
1001:
2174:
1317:
1289:
in a list of "famous soldiers" who "developed and threw new light on the principles of war", although no treatise in his name similar to the
840:
1349:
960:
with some of the other Jin exiles, planning to abduct the prince and force him to concern himself with matters of state. The prince's wife
1301:
suggests that Hu Yan was credited in antiquity with legitimizing and popularizing the use of deception in
Chinese warfare. By offending
1254:
961:
914:
1111:
926:
1096:
was so disgusted by what he took to be presumption and insincerity on both sides that he withdrew silently from Chong'er's service.
1187:
762:
695:
683:
2260:
1343:
2197:
2071:
2038:
1012:
to the peasant, and loaded the dirt into his wagon, taking it as a portent that Jin would later take the peasant's territory
2063:
836:
to his mother's tribe in the north. Hu Yan either fled with him from his court at Pu or joined his retinue among the Di.
1892:
1819:
1008:, the prince was ready to beat a peasant who offered him a clod of dirt instead of food. Hu Yan supposedly intervened,
1516:
and swear by the river that he will countermand his order to hide his loyal but bedraggled followers from public view.
2148:
2124:
1964:
650:("Uncle Fan"), in reference to his relationship to Chong'er through his mother's line. He is also sometimes known as
2255:
1597:
1974:
591:
2090:
829:
956:") treated Chong'er with such generosity that he did not wish to leave at all. Hu Yan conspired under a
846:
1513:
1078:
863:
BC, he offered the throne to Chong'er but was declined. Another of Chong'er's younger half-brothers,
1807:
1749:
1443:
889:
555:
280:
1054:
to return to Jin and cease supporting the cause of Chong'er. When Hu Tu refused, he was executed.
893:
records that it was Hu Yan who convinced Chong'er that it was necessary to leave. Hu Yan, Hu Mao,
1092:
and called upon it to witness that he would not forget those who had followed him in adversity.
1088:, tendered his resignation. Poised to be the next duke of Jin, Chong'er threw the disk into the
887:
BC, causing Chong'er and his followers to flee the Di and wander among the courts of China. The
2240:
2235:
1716:
1310:
1219:
598:
583:
272:
2049:
1902:
1886:
1829:
1771:
1735:
1637:
1848:
1792:
1700:
1662:
1616:
17:
1581:
2085:
1398:
8:
2024:
790:
726:
551:
72:
1305:
into early retirement, Hu Yan may also be considered indirectly responsible for China's
1306:
1260:
1104:
920:
819:
627:
1103:
BC, he led men from Jin in assisting the restoration of King Zheng (posthumously the "
2193:
2168:
2144:
2120:
2067:
2034:
1141:
1066:
978:
793:
77:
1469:
1043:
782:
495:
459:
415:
372:
328:
293:
209:
165:
121:
93:
2187:
2138:
2107:
2053:
2028:
970:
953:
868:
809:
778:
750:
667:
623:
571:
567:
563:
559:
68:
39:
1193:
808:
BC, Hu Tu retired from public service and ceased to leave his home. Hu Ji's son
768:
722:
469:
466:
1140:). The next year, he was one of the leaders of the Jin contingent that secured
993:
880:
797:
516:
436:
349:
230:
142:
977:
and threatened Hu, crying, "If we succeed, fine! but if we don't, then I will
2229:
2033:, Translations from the Asian Classics, New York: Columbia University Press,
1235:
1227:
1176:
1117:
1073:
989:
974:
957:
949:
932:
900:
742:
701:
689:
631:
579:
1402:
1243:
1239:
1215:
1145:
1089:
1051:
1031:
1005:
997:
985:
876:
813:
786:
746:
738:
679:
619:
587:
502:
422:
335:
216:
128:
35:
1464:
Other sources state that Hu Mao and Xian Zhen formed part of the court of
2183:
1465:
1448:
1231:
1223:
1039:
1035:
965:
945:
938:
872:
734:
575:
2192:, Classics of Chinese Thought, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
1389:
In addition to the forms given above, Zifan and Jiu Fan also appear as
1302:
1291:
1108:
1093:
906:
833:
639:
276:
189:
1531:
1528:
1411:
1408:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1209:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1022:
1019:
973:, helped Hu in carrying him off. When Chong'er recovered, he seized a
716:
713:
389:
386:
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379:
310:
307:
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300:
175:
172:
103:
100:
2217:
2103:
2081:
1492:
1438:
1297:
1282:
1168:
1162:
1085:
894:
801:
774:
754:
601:
597:
considered Hu Yan one of the best advisors of ancient China, and the
1057:
1487:
1434:
1186:
BC, Hu Yan was one of the Jin representatives to the conference at
1157:
1013:
910:
2134:
1990:
1509:
1496:
1473:
1286:
1278:
1199:
1172:
1149:
864:
825:
605:
594:
1009:
856:
758:
730:
675:
1126:
BC, he served as the assistant commander of the
Central Army (
1996:
The
Complete Works of Han Fei Tzŭ with Collected Commentaries
1452:
1203:
1153:
707:
671:
547:
28:
2158:
1525:
Other sources make him the lead general of the Upper Army (
1099:
Hu Yan served Chong'er as a general in the Jin army. In 635
852:
266:
2213:
1337:
Later Years of the Zhou
Dynasty: Spring and Autumn Period
2106:(2006), Nienhauser, William H. Jr.; et al. (eds.),
937:) were among those who traveled with him from the Di to
871:"), then took his place. Yiwu was captured in battle by
574:") during his long exile, his usurpation of his nephew
1451:
states that Chong'er and his followers were among the
521:
507:
441:
427:
354:
340:
235:
221:
147:
133:
2102:
1882:
1633:
1485:
Hu Yan's supposed mistakes are not specified in the
721:). The family was closely tied to the branch of the
1673:
1671:
1004:disrespected Chong'er while he was passing through
1000:, passing through other states as they went. After
2186:(2016), Durrant, Stephen W.; et al. (eds.),
2182:
1898:
1844:
1825:
1731:
1030:Chong'er, Hu Yan, and the others were invited to
2227:
2003:, Nos. XXV & XXVI, London: Arthur Probsthain
1668:
1472:"), the son and successor of Chong'er's brother
1878:
1876:
1069:, including some of the minor states of the era
733:. Some sources even make the Hu descendants of
642:Fan"). Classical sources also refer to him as
1608:
1606:
1536:), with his brother Hu Mao as his lieutenant.
1526:
1406:
1353:
1341:
1321:
1258:
1207:
1191:
1127:
1115:
1017:
930:
918:
898:
844:
817:
766:
711:
699:
687:
464:
377:
298:
170:
98:
2062:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.
1873:
1214:) tried to create a general alliance of the
832:, he was compelled to flee from his seat in
1046:"). During Yu's brief period of rule in 637
816:. Hu Yan was counted among his 5 Worthies (
2173:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2055:The Oxford History of Historical Writing,
1784:
1782:
1780:
1603:
1295:survives from antiquity. A passage in the
773:). Hu Ji became one of the wives of Jin's
265:
61:
2246:7th-century BC Chinese military personnel
2119:, Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2080:
1727:
1725:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1593:
2251:Generals of the Spring and Autumn period
2156:
2113:The Hereditary Houses of Pre-Han China,
2047:
1970:
1859:
1857:
1767:
1712:
1696:
1577:
1072:
1056:
1038:supported their overthrow of Yiwu's son
550:who served as a minister and general of
1934:
1932:
1840:
1838:
1777:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
608:as the greatest tacticians of the age.
14:
2228:
2023:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1788:
1722:
1658:
1643:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1512:has him untie the left horse from his
1385:
1383:
666:BC into the leadership of one of the "
2133:
1854:
1761:
1612:
1587:
1989:
1954:
1938:
1929:
1919:
1863:
1835:
1706:
1683:
2027:(2014), Kinner, Anne Behnke (ed.),
2008:
1908:
1677:
1622:
1554:
1380:
1050:BC, he attempted to force Hu Tu to
24:
2015:, Beijing: Shumu Wenxian Chubanshe
25:
2272:
2207:
2050:"Chinese History and Philosophy"
981:as if I can never get my fill!"
737:and thus distant cousins of the
1983:
1798:
1740:
1519:
1503:
1479:
1458:
1427:
2030:Exemplary Women of Early China
1061:A map of the armies at the 632
522:
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465:
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428:
378:
355:
341:
299:
236:
222:
171:
148:
134:
99:
13:
1:
2261:People of Jin (Chinese state)
2157:Theobald, Ulrich (Nov 2012),
2137:(1910), Giles, Lionel (ed.),
1993:(1959), Liao Wên-kuei (ed.),
1543:
1334:) in the 1996 TV documentary
2109:The Grand Scribe's Records,
1548:
7:
2143:, London: Luzac & Co.,
2094:, Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve
1883:Nienhauser & al. (2006)
1634:Nienhauser & al. (2006)
1397:in older sources following
1171:praised this behavior, but
1034:after Yiwu's death. There,
824:). When Li Ji successfully
481:Jizi, the Minister of Works
10:
2277:
1447:traditionally credited to
674:tribes who lived north of
33:
26:
1527:
1407:
1368:Song of Spring and Autumn
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60:
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2091:Les Mémoires Historiques
2048:Schaberg, David (2011),
1899:Durrant & al. (2016)
1845:Durrant & al. (2016)
1826:Durrant & al. (2016)
1808:Discourses of the States
1750:Discourses of the States
1732:Durrant & al. (2016)
1444:Spring and Autumn Annals
1373:
1316:Hu Yan was portrayed by
1152:, somewhere in southern
890:Discourses of the States
613:
556:Spring and Autumn period
281:Spring and Autumn period
2256:People from North China
1366:) in the 2011 TV drama
1311:Tomb-Sweeping Festivals
839:After the Jin minister
657:
654:("Minister of Works").
1081:
1070:
749:. Hu Tu served as the
662:Hu Yan was born in 715
1811:, vol. X, §338–9
1805:"Discourses of Jin",
1747:"Discourses of Jin",
1285:placed Hu Yan beside
1076:
1060:
828:him for an attempted
27:For the surname, see
2059:Beginnings to AD 600
2009:Liu Guanwen (1993),
1468:(posthumously, the "
1198:), near present-day
1042:(posthumously, the "
879:(posthumously, the "
867:(posthumously, the "
1959:Bk. XVI, Ch. xxxvii
1753:, vol. X, §337
1206:, where Prince Hu (
952:(posthumously the "
753:for the Jin prince
2086:Chavannes, Édouard
1082:
1071:
706:), and his sister
578:, and his rise to
562:. Hu Yan assisted
2199:978-0-295-9991-59
2073:978-0-19-921815-8
2040:978-0-231-16308-8
1943:Bk XVII, Ch. xliv
1924:Bk. XV, Ch. xxxvi
1277:Centuries later,
1067:Battle of Chengpu
964:killed the young
682:. His father was
537:
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528:
523:Ssu-k‘ung Chi-tzu
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416:Standard Mandarin
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87:
16:(Redirected from
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1868:Bk XI, Ch. xxxii
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1802:
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1107:") against the
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1052:compel his sons
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729:in present-day
694:), his brother
663:
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2241:629 BC deaths
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958:mulberry tree
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896:
892:
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878:
874:
870:
866:
859:killed in 651
858:
854:
851:) had Li Ji,
848:
842:
837:
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2019:(in Chinese)
2013:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1984:Bibliography
1966:
1950:
1894:
1821:
1815:(in Chinese)
1806:
1800:
1763:
1757:(in Chinese)
1748:
1742:
1708:
1613:Giles (1910)
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1216:Zhou Kingdom
1181:
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1098:
1090:Yellow River
1083:
1029:
983:
950:Duke Xiaobai
943:
888:
838:
814:crown prince
787:machinations
779:posthumously
757:against the
739:dukes of Jin
661:
651:
647:
643:
635:
622:: Hu is the
620:Chinese name
618:Hu Yan is a
617:
610:
588:Zhou Kingdom
584:other states
568:posthumously
548:Di tribesman
539:
538:
503:Hanyu Pinyin
423:Hanyu Pinyin
336:Hanyu Pinyin
217:Hanyu Pinyin
129:Hanyu Pinyin
43:
36:Chinese name
2184:Zuo Qiuming
2098:(in French)
1955:Liao (1959)
1939:Liao (1959)
1920:Liao (1959)
1864:Liao (1959)
1449:Zuo Qiuming
1318:Zhang Rihui
1246:, and Jin.
1036:Duke Renhao
966:silk worker
873:Duke Renhao
796:led to the
775:Duke Guizhu
723:House of Ji
678:during the
652:Sikong Jizi
554:during the
509:Sīkōng Jìzǐ
454:Sikong Jizi
279:during its
256:Other names
71:recovering
40:family name
2230:Categories
2163:, Tübingen
1973:, p.
1901:, p.
1885:, p.
1847:, p.
1828:, p.
1791:, p.
1734:, p.
1678:Liu (1993)
1661:, p.
1636:, p.
1615:, p.
1544:References
1435:commentary
1350:You Liping
1344:zh:东周列国春秋篇
1303:Jie Zhitui
1292:Art of War
1105:Xiang King
1094:Jie Zhitui
907:Jie Zhitui
857:her nephew
761:tribes of
751:charioteer
725:who ruled
628:given name
546:BC) was a
517:Wade–Giles
437:Wade–Giles
350:Wade–Giles
277:Zhou China
271:The major
231:Wade–Giles
187:Master Fan
143:Wade–Giles
2218:Baike.com
2104:Sima Qian
2082:Sima Qian
2025:Liu Xiang
2012:《三晋历史人物》
1598:Ch. XXXIX
1549:Citations
1500:subjects.
1493:Sima Qian
1474:Duke Yiwu
1470:Huai Duke
1439:Confucius
1399:Chavannes
1395:Kieou-fan
1348:) and by
1307:Cold Food
1298:Han Feizi
1283:Sima Qian
1169:Confucius
1163:Han Feizi
1122:). In 633
1086:jade disk
1044:Huai Duke
954:Huan Duke
895:Xian Zhen
830:rebellion
802:Shensheng
791:concubine
783:Xian Duke
755:Shensheng
668:barbarian
602:Sima Qian
599:historian
582:over the
401:Uncle Fan
2169:citation
2084:(1895),
1488:Zuozhuan
1267:Hú Shègū
1255:Hu Shegu
1158:Shandong
1010:kowtowed
1002:its duke
962:Qi Jiang
915:Wei Chou
911:Zhao Cui
869:Hui Duke
810:Chong'er
741:and the
640:Viscount
592:Legalist
572:Wen Duke
542:(715–629
443:Chiu Fan
356:Chiu Chi
190:Viscount
69:Wen Duke
34:In this
2135:Sun Tzu
2111:Vol. V:
2088:(ed.),
2064:394–414
2057:Vol. I:
1991:Han Fei
1717:Jia Tuo
1514:chariot
1510:Han Fei
1497:Han Fei
1466:Duke Yu
1422:Gao Fan
1391:Tse-fan
1287:Sun Tzu
1279:Han Fei
1200:Luoyang
1173:Han Fei
1150:Chengpu
1112:Shu Dai
1109:usurper
927:Jia Tuo
925:), and
881:Mu Duke
853:her son
789:of the
781:, the "
648:Jiu Fan
624:surname
606:Sun Tzu
595:Han Fei
586:of the
460:Chinese
429:Jiù Fàn
373:Chinese
367:Jiu Fan
294:Chinese
237:Tzu-fan
166:Chinese
94:Chinese
78:Li Tang
2196:
2147:
2123:
2070:
2037:
1772:Hu Mao
1582:Hu Yan
1491:or by
1405:reads
1273:Legacy
1261:zh:狐射姑
1251:
1188:Diquan
1184:
1182:In 630
1124:
1101:
1063:
1048:
996:, and
885:
861:
855:, and
826:framed
806:
804:in 656
763:Gaoluo
759:Red Di
735:Shu Yu
731:Shanxi
696:Hu Mao
664:
644:Jiu Ji
630:. His
590:. The
544:
540:Hu Yan
342:Jiù Jì
288:Jiu Ji
273:states
193:
149:Hu Yen
135:Hú Yǎn
84:
52:Hu Yan
38:, the
2115:Pt. 1
1887:331–2
1701:Hu Tu
1403:Giles
1374:Notes
1204:Henan
1154:Henan
1144:over
1118:zh:叔帶
994:Zheng
975:spear
971:drunk
933:zh:賈佗
921:zh:魏犨
901:zh:先軫
847:zh:里克
841:Li Ke
820:zh:五賢
794:Li Ji
743:kings
708:Hu Ji
702:zh:狐毛
690:zh:狐突
684:Hu Tu
676:China
636:Zifan
614:Names
570:the "
223:Zǐfàn
86:1140)
29:Huyan
18:Zifan
2214:《狐偃》
2194:ISBN
2175:link
2145:ISBN
2121:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2035:ISBN
1849:lxxx
1433:The
1393:and
1309:and
1236:Chen
1228:Song
1014:Wulu
990:Song
865:Yiwu
747:Zhou
680:Zhou
658:Life
646:and
634:was
67:The
2216:at
1975:407
1903:417
1830:363
1770:, "
1736:365
1715:, "
1699:, "
1638:331
1580:, "
1441:'s
1437:on
1420:or
1418:Kao
1416:as
1269:).
1244:Cai
1240:Qin
1222:of
1218:'s
1202:in
1156:or
1148:at
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1065:BC
1032:Qin
1027:).
1006:Wey
998:Chu
986:Cao
944:In
905:),
877:Qin
875:of
800:of
745:of
727:Jin
558:of
552:Jin
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1040:Yu
992:,
988:,
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939:Qi
913:,
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834:Pu
769:皋落
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576:Yu
470:季子
467:司空
44:Hu
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1961:.
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1532:軍
1529:上
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1362:平
1359:立
1356:由
1352:(
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1330:辉
1327:日
1324:张
1320:(
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1210:虎
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1133:軍
1130:中
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1023:鹿
1020:五
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843:(
777:(
765:(
717:姬
714:狐
710:(
698:(
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390:犯
387:咎
383:犯
380:舅
311:季
308:咎
304:季
301:臼
176:犯
173:子
104:偃
101:狐
46:.
31:.
20:)
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