32:
474:
219:. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files or Z-code files) and could therefore port its text adventures to a new platform simply by writing a Z-machine implementation for that platform. With the large number of incompatible home computer systems in use at the time, this was an important advantage over using native code or developing a compiler for each system.
295:
community. A large proportion of interactive fiction is in the form of Z-machine story files. Demand for the ability to create larger game files led Nelson to specify versions 7 and 8 of the Z-machine, though version 7 is rarely used. Because of the way addresses are handled, a version 3 story file
246:
closed
Infocom. Infocom produced six versions of the Z-machine. Files using versions 1 and 2 are very rare. Only two version 1 files are known to have been released by Infocom and only two of version 2. Version 3 covers the majority of Infocom's released games. Later versions had more capabilities,
296:
can be up to 128K in length, a version 5 story can be up to 256K in length, and a version 8 story can be up to 512k in length. Though these sizes may seem small by today's computing standards, for text-only adventures, these are large enough for elaborate games.
231:, Infocom's first adventure game. Z-code files usually have names ending in .z1, .z2, .z3, .z4, .z5, .z6, .z7, or .z8, where the number is the version number of the Z-machine on which the file is intended to be run, as given by the first
1180:
498:
for Z-code files are available on a wide variety of platforms. The Inform website lists links to freely available interpreters for 15 desktop operating systems (including 8-bit microcomputers from the 1980s such as the
299:
During the 1990s, Graham Nelson drew up a Z-Machine
Standard based on detailed studies of the existing Infocom files. The standard also includes extensions used by his newer versions, as well as links to the
586:
portions in such a way that the virtual machine became independent from any user interface. This allowed more variety in porting Frotz. One of the stranger ports is also one of the simplest: an
238:
This is a modern convention, however. Infocom itself used extensions of .dat (Data) and .zip (ZIP = Z-machine
Interpreter Program), but the latter clashed with the widespread use of .zip for
578:. Sound effects and graphics were supported to varying degrees. By 2002, development stalled and the program was picked up by David Griffith. The code base was split between
461:
A more complex example involving combat, along with its MDL Zork equivalent, is presented in a 2019 blog post by Andrew
Plotkin. Notably, the Z-machine has no support for
521:), and four interpreter platforms (Emacs, Java, JavaScript, and Scratch). According to Nelson, it is "possibly the most portable virtual machine ever created".
1274:
1323:
1566:
1664:
531:, and supports versions 1 through 8 of the Z-machine, including the version 6 graphical Z-machine. Save files are stored in the standard
288:
compiler, which also generates Z-machine story files as its output, even though the Inform source language is quite different from ZIL.
313:
1344:
280:
stated that "ZIL ... is functionally dead", and reported rumors of a "completely new parser that may never be used". In May 1993,
1723:
1024:
462:
2579:
1699:
96:
1630:
68:
1425:
528:
115:
19:
This article is about the
Infocom virtual machine. For the x-ray generator informally known as the "Z machine", see
1657:
254:(called Zilch) that Infocom used to produce its story files has never been released, although documentation of the
173:
1711:
1232:
75:
2432:
851:
53:
748:
2382:
2229:
1995:
1604:
1393:
597:
functionality creating a bot with which one can play most Z-machine games using an instant messaging client.
988: (archived March 9, 2012) (PDF) the Z-Language Interpreter Program (Infocom Internal Document) from 1989
2528:
1834:
1728:
82:
1351:
1694:
1650:
1173:
1017:
263:
991:
1267:
325:
267:
49:
981:
971:
64:
2584:
1453:
1295:
2159:
1253:
1246:
563:
697:
2099:
1945:
1758:
1309:
1260:
495:
42:
20:
2174:
1706:
1616:
1411:
1372:
1358:
1095:
1010:
2417:
2262:
1239:
1102:
753:
672:
276:
168:
2387:
871:
2538:
2452:
2412:
2139:
2109:
2063:
2058:
2023:
1975:
1920:
1743:
1718:
1677:
1544:
1379:
1365:
1288:
827:
808:
923:
768:
8:
2483:
2332:
2267:
2164:
2038:
2028:
2015:
1935:
1829:
793:
609:
532:
513:, and grouping "Unix" and "Windows" as one each), 10 mobile operating systems (including
305:
292:
216:
2337:
2005:
1874:
1819:
1302:
566:
by Stefan
Jokisch in 1995 for DOS. Over time it was ported to other platforms, such as
89:
2462:
2084:
1925:
1879:
587:
556:
540:
255:
2589:
2189:
2154:
1965:
1549:
1330:
1281:
676:
905:
2503:
2447:
2397:
2372:
2303:
2215:
2194:
2149:
2104:
2048:
2043:
1990:
1864:
1859:
1590:
985:
975:
579:
239:
204:
966:
2554:
2053:
1930:
1597:
1579:
1488:
1483:
1463:
1141:
649:
583:
544:
525:
270:, still exists, and an open-source replacement "ZILF" has been written. After
2573:
2457:
2442:
2407:
2377:
2272:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1854:
1789:
1509:
1504:
891:
281:
996:
2295:
2000:
1980:
1809:
1623:
1478:
1109:
943:
594:
590:
473:
2352:
2277:
1985:
1869:
1839:
1799:
1689:
1673:
1584:
1386:
1207:
1127:
509:
978: (archived August 7, 2010) (PDF) is the Infocom ZIL manual from 1989
2518:
2285:
2124:
1960:
1844:
1539:
1519:
1473:
1468:
1418:
1337:
1200:
1147:
536:
524:
Popular interpreters include Nitfol and Frotz. Nitfol makes use of the
271:
243:
208:
180:
1642:
2427:
2367:
2362:
2311:
2210:
2169:
2134:
2129:
2079:
1970:
1955:
1910:
1900:
1849:
1804:
1794:
1763:
1458:
1134:
844:
660:
605:
567:
548:
308:" savefile format. In 2006, Nelson expanded Z-machine to the 32-bit
31:
2357:
2290:
2184:
2094:
2089:
2010:
1950:
1824:
1768:
1573:
1514:
1316:
624:– Similar to the Z-machine, but relieves several legacy limitations
612:
save-format, but the packaging of the file-structure is different.
518:
500:
251:
749:"Inside the Industry: Infocom's West Coast Move Stirs Controversy"
2533:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2437:
2402:
2342:
2179:
2144:
2033:
1940:
1814:
1733:
1033:
571:
514:
212:
137:
2523:
2508:
2498:
2422:
2327:
2114:
627:
504:
478:
285:
796:. Interactive Fiction Technology Foundation. 16 November 2022.
2119:
1773:
633:
621:
601:
309:
301:
438:"There is a brass lantern (battery-powered) here."
426:"A battery-powered lantern is on the trophy case."
328:
from MIT. Here is the definition of Zork I's brass lantern:
2392:
2347:
1057:
666:
487:
232:
228:
1002:
2513:
630:– A computer language that can produce Z-machine programs
575:
552:
482:
593:
is wrapped around a version of Frotz with the minimum
675:– The base architecture used for virtual machines in
669:– Like Glulx, made to address some of its limitations
319:
259:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
999:describes the creation and design of the Z-machine
819:
723:
247:culminating in some graphic support in version 6.
936:
2571:
997:How to Fit a Large Program Into a Small Machine
1567:Classic Text Adventure Masterpieces of Infocom
1324:Nord and Bert Couldn't Make Head or Tail of It
465:and ZIL has no concept of Lisp's list system.
1658:
1018:
316:, founded 2016, manages all these standards.
16:Virtual machine for interactive fiction games
864:
1665:
1651:
1025:
1011:
916:
757:. No. 63. September 1989. p. 10.
539:files are available for several different
304:" resource format used by Infocom, and a "
663:, a graphical system similar to Z-machine
477:An implementation of Frotz running on an
314:Interactive Fiction Technology Foundation
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1345:Sherlock: The Riddle of the Crown Jewels
852:"if-archive/infocom/interpreters/nitfol"
472:
1672:
806:
761:
2572:
794:"Glk, Glulx, and Blorb Specifications"
690:
608:systems is Zoom. It supports the same
1646:
1006:
274:moved Infocom to California in 1989,
207:that was developed by Joel Berez and
2239:
1275:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
715:
13:
1631:Zork: The Undiscovered Underground
825:
807:Plotkin, Andrew (April 17, 2019).
741:
721:
698:"The Z-Machine Standards Document"
320:ZIL (Zork Implementation Language)
284:released the first version of his
14:
2601:
1426:Quarterstaff: The Tomb of Setmoth
960:
291:Inform has become popular in the
967:The Z-Machine standards document
227:The "Z" of Z-machine stands for
30:
1233:Arthur: The Quest for Excalibur
898:
884:
769:"Inform - ZMachine - Standards"
468:
41:needs additional citations for
800:
786:
240:PKZIP-compatible archive files
1:
2383:Lightweight Java Game Library
1605:The Lost Treasures of Infocom
1181:Leather Goddesses of Phobos 2
892:"The RISC OS Frotz Home Page"
872:"Frotz README file on Gitlab"
683:
242:starting in the 1990s, after
1729:List of visual novel engines
266:-family language similar to
7:
2580:Interactive fiction engines
1695:First-person shooter engine
1174:Leather Goddesses of Phobos
1032:
924:"Frotz DUMB file on Gitlab"
615:
600:Another popular client for
10:
2606:
222:
18:
2547:
2471:
2320:
2255:
2228:
2203:
2072:
1888:
1782:
1751:
1742:
1685:
1558:
1532:
1497:
1446:
1439:
1403:
1224:
1217:
1190:
1163:
1119:
1084:
1049:
1040:
387:"brass lantern"
312:format for Inform 7. The
189:
179:
167:
159:
151:
143:
133:
906:"Frotz on the App Store"
330:
1310:A Mind Forever Voyaging
21:Z Pulsed Power Facility
1707:Game engine recreation
1617:Zork: Grand Inquisitor
1352:James Clavell's ShĹŤgun
492:
2418:Platinum Arts Sandbox
2263:Adventure Game Studio
809:"What is ZIL anyway?"
754:Computer Gaming World
673:Motorola 68000 series
562:Frotz was written in
476:
277:Computer Gaming World
2064:Visual3D Game Engine
1719:Game creation system
1545:Legend Entertainment
944:"Logical Shift Zoom"
828:"About Interpreters"
324:The ZIL is based on
217:text adventure games
211:in 1979 and used by
50:improve this article
2333:Blender Game Engine
2165:Pixel Game Maker MV
293:interactive fiction
235:of the story file.
130:
2338:Bork3D Game Engine
1303:The Lurking Horror
982:Description of ZIP
773:inform-fiction.org
702:inform-fiction.org
493:
463:garbage collection
128:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2463:Wintermute Engine
2224:
2223:
2085:Amazon Lumberyard
1880:Zillions of Games
1640:
1639:
1528:
1527:
1435:
1434:
1165:Leather Goddesses
1159:
1158:
679:' adventure games
588:instant messaging
541:operating systems
197:
196:
126:
125:
118:
100:
2597:
2585:Virtual machines
2237:
2236:
2190:UbiArt Framework
2155:Nvidia GameWorks
1749:
1748:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1559:Related articles
1550:Westwood Studios
1444:
1443:
1331:Plundered Hearts
1282:Hollywood Hijinx
1222:
1221:
1050:Original trilogy
1047:
1046:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1004:
1003:
954:
953:
951:
950:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
920:
914:
913:
902:
896:
895:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
848:
842:
841:
839:
838:
826:Nelson, Graham.
823:
817:
816:
804:
798:
797:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
765:
759:
758:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
719:
713:
712:
710:
708:
694:
677:Magnetic Scrolls
543:, including the
512:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
261:
131:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2543:
2467:
2448:Thousand Parsec
2398:Open Wonderland
2373:Irrlicht Engine
2316:
2251:
2231:
2220:
2216:Unreal Engine 5
2199:
2195:Unreal Engine 4
2150:Luminous Engine
2105:Creation Engine
2068:
2049:Unreal Engine 3
2044:Unreal Engine 2
1884:
1865:Virtual Theatre
1860:Unreal Engine 1
1778:
1738:
1681:
1671:
1641:
1636:
1591:Legends of Zork
1554:
1524:
1493:
1431:
1399:
1213:
1186:
1155:
1115:
1080:
1036:
1031:
986:Wayback Machine
976:Wayback Machine
963:
958:
957:
948:
946:
942:
941:
937:
928:
926:
922:
921:
917:
904:
903:
899:
890:
889:
885:
876:
874:
870:
869:
865:
856:
854:
850:
849:
845:
836:
834:
824:
820:
805:
801:
792:
791:
787:
777:
775:
767:
766:
762:
747:
746:
742:
732:
730:
722:McGrew, Jesse.
720:
716:
706:
704:
696:
695:
691:
686:
618:
580:virtual machine
508:
471:
459:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
322:
225:
205:virtual machine
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2555:Open 3D Engine
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Vicious Engine
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Essence Engine
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Pie in the Sky
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1598:Return to Zork
1594:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1489:Brian Moriarty
1486:
1484:Steve Meretzky
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Michael Berlyn
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1225:Text adventure
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1007:
1001:
1000:
994:
989:
979:
969:
962:
961:External links
959:
956:
955:
935:
915:
897:
883:
863:
843:
832:Inform website
818:
799:
785:
760:
740:
714:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
670:
664:
631:
625:
617:
614:
584:user interface
545:classic Mac OS
481:, playing the
470:
467:
331:
321:
318:
224:
221:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
135:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2602:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Vassal Engine
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Spring Engine
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Papervision3D
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:jMonkeyEngine
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:Crystal Space
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Crystal Tools
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Chrome Engine
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Sim RPG Maker
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:3D GameStudio
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Bruce Daniels
1508:
1506:
1505:Douglas Adams
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
998:
995:
993:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
945:
939:
925:
919:
911:
907:
901:
894:. 1999-09-18.
893:
887:
873:
867:
853:
847:
833:
829:
822:
814:
810:
803:
795:
789:
774:
770:
764:
756:
755:
750:
744:
729:
725:
718:
703:
699:
693:
689:
678:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
656:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:save format.
534:
530:
527:
522:
520:
516:
511:
506:
502:
497:
490:
489:
484:
480:
475:
466:
464:
329:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
294:
289:
287:
283:
282:Graham Nelson
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
120:
117:
109:
106:December 2009
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2304:
2296:
2278:
2246:
2017:Silent Storm
2016:
2001:Retro Engine
1981:MT Framework
1810:Genie Engine
1674:Game engines
1629:
1624:Zork Nemesis
1622:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1572:
1565:
1479:Dave Lebling
1454:Tim Anderson
1447:Implementers
1424:
1417:
1410:
1404:Other titles
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1110:Spellbreaker
1108:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1041:
992:Interpreters
972:Learning ZIL
947:. Retrieved
938:
927:. Retrieved
918:
909:
900:
886:
875:. Retrieved
866:
855:. Retrieved
846:
835:. Retrieved
831:
821:
812:
802:
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:
763:
752:
743:
731:. Retrieved
727:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:
692:
654:
650:
645:
641:
637:
599:
561:
523:
496:Interpreters
494:
486:
469:Interpreters
460:
323:
298:
290:
275:
258:used called
249:
237:
226:
200:
198:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2353:Game Editor
2232:open-source
1986:PhyreEngine
1870:Voxel Space
1840:Reality Lab
1800:Dark Engine
1744:Proprietary
1690:Source port
1585:InvisiClues
1412:Cornerstone
1394:The Witness
1387:Wishbringer
1254:Bureaucracy
1247:Border Zone
1218:Other games
1208:Stationfall
1128:Beyond Zork
733:22 November
648:tility for
510:ZX Spectrum
485:version of
345:LIVING-ROOM
65:"Z-machine"
2574:Categories
2519:PlayCanvas
2286:Game-Maker
2160:Panta Rhei
2125:Fox Engine
1961:HeroEngine
1845:RenderWare
1540:Activision
1520:Joe Ybarra
1474:Amy Briggs
1469:Marc Blank
1419:Fooblitzky
1338:Seastalker
1261:Cutthroats
1201:Planetfall
1192:Planetfall
949:2016-10-29
929:2019-02-19
877:2019-02-19
857:2016-10-29
837:2009-11-07
684:References
604:and other
333:<OBJECT
272:Mediagenic
244:Activision
209:Marc Blank
181:Endianness
163:1.1 (2014)
152:Introduced
76:newspapers
2368:id Tech 4
2363:id Tech 3
2312:Stratagus
2247:Z-machine
2211:id Tech 7
2170:RE Engine
2135:id Tech 6
2130:id Tech 5
2100:Construct
2080:4A Engine
1976:Marmalade
1971:Leadwerks
1956:GameSalad
1946:Frostbite
1911:CryEngine
1901:C4 Engine
1850:RPG Maker
1805:GameMaker
1795:Clickteam
1764:Freescape
1759:Filmation
1611:Z-machine
1533:Companies
1459:Bob Bates
1373:Suspended
1359:Starcross
1142:Anthology
1135:Zork Zero
1096:Enchanter
1086:Enchanter
910:App Store
661:LucasArts
606:Unix-like
570:systems,
568:Unix-like
551:systems,
549:Unix-like
414:LANTERN-F
372:ADJECTIVE
201:Z-machine
129:Z-machine
2358:GDevelop
2305:Quake II
2291:OHRRPGCE
2230:Free and
2185:Source 2
2175:Snowdrop
2095:Buildbox
2090:Bitsquid
2011:Shark 3D
1951:Gamebryo
1936:Euphoria
1825:LithTech
1769:Gold Box
1724:Game IDE
1574:Get Lamp
1515:Al Vezza
1317:Moonmist
1268:Deadline
1240:Ballyhoo
1103:Sorcerer
1074:Zork III
778:26 March
707:26 March
644:reation
616:See also
519:Game Boy
517:and the
501:Apple II
402:LIGHTBIT
256:language
252:compiler
215:for its
134:Designer
2590:Infocom
2534:Stencyl
2494:Horde3D
2489:GPUOpen
2479:Delta3D
2438:Solar2D
2433:Scratch
2403:Panda3D
2343:Cocos2d
2180:Stencyl
2145:Kynapse
2034:Unigine
1941:Flare3D
1815:GoldSrc
1734:id Tech
1380:Trinity
1366:Suspect
1296:Journey
1289:Infidel
1088:trilogy
1069:Zork II
1034:Infocom
984:at the
974:at the
728:zilf.io
610:Quetzal
572:RISC OS
557:Windows
533:Quetzal
515:Palm OS
399:TAKEBIT
360:LANTERN
354:SYNONYM
336:LANTERN
306:Quetzal
223:History
213:Infocom
160:Version
138:Infocom
90:scholar
2539:Stride
2524:Raylib
2509:OpenFL
2499:libGDX
2453:Torque
2428:Ren'Py
2423:Pygame
2413:Plasma
2328:Away3D
2307:engine
2299:engine
2281:engine
2140:Ignite
2115:Defold
2110:Decima
2059:Vision
2024:Source
2019:engine
1921:Diesel
1440:People
1064:Zork I
724:"ZILF"
657:ansion
653:aniac
640:cript
628:Inform
574:, and
555:, and
537:Binary
507:, and
505:TRS-80
479:iPhone
411:ACTION
286:Inform
169:Design
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2548:2020s
2529:Snap!
2484:Godot
2472:2010s
2321:2000s
2297:Quake
2268:Build
2256:1990s
2240:1970s
2204:2020s
2120:Felgo
2073:2010s
2039:Unity
2029:Titan
1896:Anvil
1889:2000s
1830:Mugen
1783:1990s
1774:SCUMM
1752:1980s
1498:Other
1151:books
1120:Other
634:SCUMM
622:Glulx
602:macOS
435:LDESC
423:FDESC
396:FLAGS
375:BRASS
363:LIGHT
310:Glulx
302:Blorb
203:is a
97:JSTOR
83:books
2504:Moai
2393:OGRE
2388:Löve
2348:Dim3
2279:Doom
2006:SAGE
1996:RAGE
1875:Zero
1820:Jedi
1712:list
1700:list
1678:list
1580:Grue
1149:Zork
1058:Zork
1042:Zork
813:Zarf
780:2018
735:2020
709:2018
667:TADS
582:and
488:Zork
456:>
447:SIZE
384:DESC
357:LAMP
264:Lisp
262:, a
250:The
233:byte
229:Zork
199:The
190:Open
174:CISC
155:1979
144:Bits
69:news
2514:ORX
1926:Ego
659:by
595:I/O
591:bot
576:iOS
553:DOS
529:API
526:Glk
483:MIT
342:LOC
326:MDL
268:MDL
260:ZIL
193:Yes
185:Big
52:by
2576::
1966:IW
908:.
830:.
811:.
771:.
751:.
726:.
700:.
636:–
559:.
547:,
503:,
450:15
147:16
1991:Q
1680:)
1676:(
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
952:.
932:.
912:.
880:.
860:.
840:.
815:.
782:.
737:.
711:.
655:M
651:M
646:U
642:C
638:S
564:C
491:.
453:)
444:(
441:)
432:(
429:)
420:(
417:)
408:(
405:)
393:(
390:)
381:(
378:)
369:(
366:)
351:(
348:)
339:(
300:"
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.