4285:
3090:
645:, 3.75m below the top of the member. The quality of the preserved remains in Tony's Bone Bed are "highly variable". The condition of many of its fossils suggest the deposit accumulated gradually. Many of the bones seem to have been trampled before burial, and some of the ends of bones are missing and were likely removed by scavengers. None of the bones were preserved articulated with each other. All of this suggests a significant period of time between the deaths of the animals and their final entombment. Tony's Bonebed probably accumulated over time when the water in the river channel was low during the
697:
363:
1637:
391:
1211:
1235:
4299:
1223:
313:
1941:
2001:
1199:
555:
1953:
918:
1989:
1175:
894:
1613:
1625:
127:
4313:
3233:
398:
370:
2643:
620:
295:
1601:
1187:
4271:
906:
1977:
3331:
1965:
882:
3512:
714:
3343:
2415:
734:
dinosaurs, chiefly the
Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, the Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Utah State University-Eastern (formerly College of Eastern Utah), the Utah Geological Survey, Brigham Young University, and Dinosaur National Monument staff. This research indicates that at least two, possibly three dinosaur assemblages are contained within the formation.
452:
2523:, small crustaceans with clam-like shells, also occur in fresh water deposits, along with "finger-clams" or conchostracans. Pollen have been found in the Mussentuchit Member and are important for reconstructing the environment. In a few places, large petrified logs are known, especially from the Poison Strip. These
1870:
Member. Indeterminate troodontid remains present in the
Mussentuchit Member. Indeterminate therizinosaurid remains present in the Mussentuchit Member. Indeterminate dromaeosaurine remains present in the Mussentuchit Member. Possible indeterminate hesperornithiformes present in the Mussentuchit Member.
5318:
Kirkland, J.I.; Britt, B.; Burge, D.; Carpenter, K.; Cifelli, R.; DeCourten, F.; Eaton, J.; Hasiotis, S.; Lawton, T. (1997b). "Lower to Middle
Cretaceous dinosaur faunas of the Central Colorado Plateau: a key to understanding 35 million years of tectonics, sedimentology, evolution, and biogeography".
602:
was named for prominent, cliff-forming sandstones in the Poison Strip uranium district north of Arches
National Monument. It is actually a series of sandstones that were deposited in river channels, and lesser amounts of mudstones and limestones that were deposited on the flood plain and small ponds.
567:
is considered the lowermost member of the Cedar
Mountain Formation in the region of the San Raphael Swell by Stokes. It is named for exposures near Buckhorn Reservoir near Cedar Mountain. Its position immediately below the Ruby Ranch Member suggests that it may be equivalent to the channel sandstones
662:
is the most widespread and distinctive member of the Cedar
Mountain. It was named for exposures on the Ruby Ranch located southeast of Green River, Utah. The member is composed of maroon mudstones with irregular spheres of carbonate nodules. The nodules formed in ancient soils that developed in the
768:
are similar to related forms from the Lower
Cretaceous of southern England. These dinosaurs show that the connection between North America and Europe still existed during the Barremian. All of this changes, however, with the upper dinosaur assemblage from the top of the Ruby Ranch and Mussentuchit
623:
This image shows the Cedar
Mountain Formation near its type section at Buckhorn Reservoir, Utah. The formation is capped by a very thin bed of Naturita Formation. The Cedar Mountain Formation is an Early Cretaceous fluvial formation, that was deposited in the foreland basin of the Sevier Mountains
546:
Only recently did the 125 m (410 ft) thick formation get subdivided into smaller, distinctive beds called members. There is a debate as to whether there are five members or four depending whether the
Buckhorn Conglomerate is considered to be at the top of the Morrison Formation or at the
2422:
Besides dinosaurs, the Cedar
Mountain Formation has produced a wealth of small fossils (a.k.a. microfossils), mostly teeth from a variety of vertebrates. Most of these specimens have been found in the Mussentuchit Member where they are collected by washing the rock through fine window screen. The
1869:
Indeterminate allosauroid material present in the Lower Yellow Cat and Ruby Ranch Members. Indeterminate dromaeosaurine present in the Mussentuchit Member. Indeterminate deinonychosaurian remains present in the Mussentuchit member. Indeterminate velociraptorine remains present in the Mussentuchit
1745:
Articulated dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, proximal portions of the scapulae, coracoids, sternal plates, right humerus, radius and ulna, metacarpal IV, right pubis, partial pubis, proximal portions of ischia, partial femurs, tibia, metatarsals, phalanx, unguals, ribs, and numerous
704:
The Cedar Mountain Formation is proving to contain one of the world's richest and most diverse Early Cretaceous dinosaur faunas. The discoveries to date have revealed that the origin of some of the later Cretaceous dinosaurs may lie in Cedar Mountain, but further work is needed to understand the
499:
fossils occur throughout the formation, but their study has only occurred since the early 1990s. The dinosaurs in the lower part of the formation differ from those in the upper part. These two dinosaur assemblages, characterized by distinct dinosaurs, show the replacement of older, European-like
3258:
Indeterminate amiiform present in the Yellow Cat and Mussentuchit Members. Indeterminate neopterygian remains present in the Mussentuchit Member. Possible indeterminate pycnodontid remains present in the Mussentuchit Member. Possible indeterminate lepisosteid remains present in the Mussentuchit
1274:
Predentaries, dentaries, surangulars, premaxillae, nasal, maxillae, jugals, postorbitals, quadrates, spuamosal, braincases, frontals, parietal, supraoccipital, opisthotic-exoccipital, prootic, laterosphenoid, parasphenoid-basisphenoid, basioccipital, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal
678:
is the uppermost member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. It was named for exposures along Mussentuchit Wash southwest of the San Rafael Swell. It is predominantly composed of grey mudstones high in organic carbon from fossil plant material, as well as volcanic ash. The mudstones were originally
733:
The Cedar Mountain Formation is one of the last major dinosaur-bearing formations to be studied in the United States. Although sporadic bone fragments were known before 1990, serious research did not begin until that year. Since then, several organizations have conducted fieldwork collecting
1780:
A partial skull and jaw, teeth, cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, sacral ribs, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulae, radius, ulna, manus, complete pelvic elements, femora, tibia, fibula, astragalus pes, a possible juvenile dentary, and juvenile femur.
4825:
Britt, Brooks B. Chure, Daniel, Currie, Philip, Holmes, Aaron, Theurer, Brandon, Scheetz, Rodney. (2021). A NEW DEINONYCHOSAURIAN THEROPOD FROM THE MID-CRETACEOUS (ALBIAN) MUSSENTUCHIT MEMBER OF THE CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION IN DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT, NORTH EASTERN UTAH, USA.
2337:
Pedal unguals, tibia, femur, premaxillae, nasal, quadratojugal, caudal vertebrae, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, proximal caudal vertebrae, coracoid, partial ilium, incomplete ischium, femora, astragalus, metatarsal, phalanxes and undescribed material.
5259:
Joeckel, R. M.; Ludvigson, G. A.; Möller, A.; Hotton, C. L.; Suarez, M. B.; Suarez, C. A.; Sames, B.; Kirkland, J. I.; Hendrix, B. (2020). "Chronostratigraphy and terrestrial palaeoclimatology of Berriasian–Hauterivian strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA".
1046:
A partial skull, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, synsacrum, caudal vertebrae, chevron, scapulacoracoids, humeri, radii, ulnae, ilia, pubis, ischium, femora, tibiae, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsal, metapodials, phalanges, unguals, osteoderms, and fragments.
798:
from low in the Ruby Ranch. Regardless, the upper and lower dinosaur assemblages in the Cedar Mountain Formation document the separation of North America and Europe, the westward drift of North America, and its connection with Asia 10 to 15 million years later.
1016:
A skull roof, braincase, partial cranium, quadrate, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal rib, synsacrum, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapulocoracoid, scapulae, coracoid, humerus, ulna, ilia, ischium, ischia, pubis, femur, fibula, tibia, and osteoderms.
520:
of variable length, and typically signifies 10-49 million years of missing geologic time. This boundary between the Morrison and Cedar Mountain is commonly marked by a horizon of carbonate nodules or by highly polished pebbles that are allegedly gastroliths.
5124:
Cifelli, R. L.; Nydam, R. L.; Gardner, J. D.; Weil, A.; Eaton, J. G.; Kirkland, J. I.; Madsen, S. (1999). "Medial Cretaceous vertebrates from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Emery County, Utah: the Mussentuchit Local Fauna". In Gillette, D. (ed.).
953:
skulls, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, synsacrum, caudal vertebrae, humeri, ulna, ischium, partial right ischium, fragments of the right ilium, cervical ribs, metacarpals, phalanges, unguals, coracoid, femur, tibia, and osteoderms.
1275:
vertebrae, cervical ribs, dorsal ribs, sacral vertebrae, chevrons, sternal, scapula, coracoid, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, manual phalanges, ilium, pubis, ischium, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, and pedal phalanges.
2476:
Bird remains are very fragmentary because of their delicate structure. At least one aquatic bird is known. Based on the diversity of birds from the Early Cretaceous of China, other birds were probably present in Utah at this time as
986:
A skull, maxillary tooth, ischium, caudal vertebrae, scapulocoracoid, scapula, ilium, femurs, ulna, humerus, tibia, anterior dorsal vertebra, caudal spines, shoulder spines, caudal plates, osteoderms, and portions of sacral shield.
705:
timing and effects the changing position of the North American Plate had on dinosaurian evolution. Also needed is a better understanding of the effects that the changing North American Plate had on the non-dinosaur vertebrates.
2570:
Indeterminate crocodilian remains present in the Yellow Cat and Ruby Ranch Members. Indeterminate pholidosaurid remains present in the Mussentuchit Member. Indeterminate atoposaurid remains present in the Mussentuchit Member.
785:
is known from both Mongolia and the Mussentuchit Member. Evidence for a middle dinosaur assemblage between the older and younger ones is controversial because the evidence mostly depends on a single specimen of the ornithopod
4974:
Brinkman, D.B.; Scheetz, R.D.; Jensen, C.; Britt, B.B.; Ortiz, N. (2015). "A basal baenid turtle provides insights into the aquatic fauna of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Cedar Mountain Formation of west-central Utah ".
1706:
An ilium, crushed presacral centrum, mid-to-posterior caudal vertebra, partial distal caudal centrum, anterior dorsal rib, nearly complete scapula missing anterior portion, partial sternal plates, and other fragments.
568:
in the Yellow Cat Member and the Poison Strip Sandstone farther to the east. This idea is strengthened by the similar composition of the gravels in these members, but a direct correlation has not yet been established.
534:. The Naturita is not uniformly distributed and was eroded away in places by the advancing Seaway so that the marine shales of the Mancos Formation lay directly on the Mussentuchit Member or its equivalent. The name
2473:, an unnamed atoposaurid, and unnamed pholidosaurid. At least one fragment of a large pterosaur is known from the base of the Mussentuchut Member. Unfortunately, it is too incomplete to identify to family or genus.
2146:
A cervical neural arch, cranial dorsal vertebra, distal caudal centrum, ulna?, radius, scapula, ischium, distal pubis?, metacarpal, manual phalanxes, manual unguals, metatarsals, pedal phalanxes and pedal unguals.
4360:
Joeckel, Robert M.; Suarez, Celina A.; McLean, Noah M.; Möller, Andreas; Ludvigson, Gregory A.; Suarez, Marina B.; Kirkland, James I.; Andrew, Joseph; Kiessling, Spencer; Hatzell, Garrett A. (February 2023).
679:
deposited on a broad coastal plain with a high water table or with abundant rainfall. Thus, carbonate nodules are rare. A radiometric date of 98.37 ± 0.07 Ma places the upper part of the member in the Lower
603:
The Poison Strip Sandstone may represent a meandering river complex. Based on the position of the Poison Strip between the Yellow Cat and Ruby Ranch members, it probably was latest Barremian to earliest
5214:
Huttenlocker, Adam K.; Grossnickle, David M.; Kirkland, James I.; Schultz, Julia A.; Luo, Zhe-Xi (June 2018). "Late-surviving stem mammal links the lowermost Cretaceous of North America and Gondwana".
516:
above. The youngest date for Morrison just below the Cedar Mountain Formation is 135.10 ± 0.30 Ma or Berriasian–Valanginian. The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in western North America is marked by an
663:
mud deposited on the flood plain in a strongly seasonal, semiarid climate. Evaporation of groundwater during the dry season concentrated calcium carbonate and other minerals in the upper parts of the
2519:. Charophytes are so distinctive that they are used to correlate strata of similar age, and thus were used to show that the Yellow Cat Member was time equivalent to Barremian age strata in England.
1345:
Partial skull, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal rib, partial sacrum, sternal, scapula, humerus, ischium, femur, tibia, astragalus, calcaneum, distal tarsal, phalanxes, and metatarsals.
1819:
braincases, premaxillas, maxillas, dentaries, postorbital, quadrate, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, cervical ribs, ribs, sacrum, sternal plate, humerus, ulna and femur.
2418:
Map of Utah showing the location of the Cedar Mountain Formation (red). The San Rafael Swell is the dome-like structure that the formation jogs around. Base map data courtesy of geodata.gov
1482:
An ilium, cervical neural arch, dorsal vertebral arches, dorsal centra, dorsal rib fragments, sacral vertebra, caudal centra, humerus, ulna, femora, tibiae, metatarsal, and pedal phalanx
551:
are the Yellow Cat Member, Poison Strip Sandstone, Ruby Ranch Member, and the Mussentuchit Member. Each of these members are named after a geographic area where they were first studied.
5418:
Scheetz, R. A.; Britt, B. B.; Higgerson, J. (2010). "A large, tall-spined iguanodontid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Early Albian) basal Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah".
1375:
A nearly complete, disarticulated skull, cervical, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, ribs and haemal arches, partial pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the right arm and leg.
1589:
nearly complete skulls, braincase with a partial skull roof, cervical vertebrae, partial pelvis and sacrum with articulated caudal vertebrae, scapula, humerus, and metacarpus.
2515:
Non-vertebrate fossils are more widely distributed in the Cedar Mountain Formation. These include the distinctive reproductive structures of fresh water algae that are called
1413:
Partial dentary, maxilla, squamosal, quadrates, axial neural arch, dorsal vertebrae, dorsal rib, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, scapula, ilium, pubis, fibula, and metatarsals.
5354:
Roca-Argemi, X.; Nadon, G. C. (2003). "The Buckhorn Conglomerate as the upper member of the Morrison Formation: new evidence from the type section, Cedar Mountain, Utah".
875:
A partial skull and right mandible, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, scapulacoracoids, fragment of sternal plate, humerus, left ilium with ischium, and femur.
5710:
5297:
Kinneer, Billy; Carpenter, Kenneth; Shaw, Allen (2016). "Redescription of Gastonia burgei (Dinosauria: Ankylosauria, Polacanthidae), and description of a new species".
5006:; Bartlett, Jeff; Bird, John; Barrick, Reese (2008). "Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), east-central Utah".
436:
595:, the latest chemostratigraphic and geochronological studies conclude that the Yellow Member is older, with deposition occurring Berriasian–Valanginian stages.
333:
4961:
Aubrey, W.M. (1998). "A newly discovered, widespread fluvial facies and unconformity marking the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous boundary, Colorado Plateau".
547:
base of the Cedar Mountain Formation; most geologists and paleontologists consider it part of the Cedar Mountain Formation. In ascending order the remaining
5341:
Kowallis, B. J.; Christiansen, E. H.; Deino, A. L.; Peterson, F.; Turner, C.E.; Kunk, M. J.; Obradovich, J. D. (1998). "The age of the Morrison Formation".
4753:
3718:
New genus and species of pappotheriid present in the Mussentuchit Member. Indeterminate genus and species of picopsid present in the Mussentuchit Member.
2439:) and several bony fishes known from vertebrae. Lungfish are able to breathe air when pond water becomes poorly oxygenated, such as during the dry season.
2797:
5700:
4232:
3623:
2766:
5332:
Kirkland, J.I.; Madsen, S.K. (2007). "The Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, eastern Utah: the view up an always interesting learning curve".
5655:
5542:
Shapiro, R.S.; Fricke, H.C.; Fox, K. (2009). "Dinosaur-bearing oncoids from ephemeral lakes of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah".
627:
The Poison Strip Sandstone was the source of Tony's Bone Bed, a significant concentration of dinosaur bones. Before it was discovered, only possible
5631:
2296:
Dorsal vertebrae, partial ilium and ischium, partial fibula, caudal vertebrae, a chevron, a pedal phalanx and several indeterminate bone fragments.
1854:
Disarticulated caudal vertebrae, scapula, radius, ulna, metacarpals, manus phalanges, pubis, ischium, metatarsals, astragalus, chevrons, and ribs.
671:
in the Ruby Ranch indicate that stream flow during the Aptian was towards the northeast, the direction of the encroaching Western Interior Seaway.
4179:
362:
3962:
2918:
579:. It is limited to the eastern portions of the formation and is thickest near Arches National Monument. The member is composed of drab greyish
769:
members. This upper assemblage shows greater similarities with Asian dinosaur assemblages from the same time. The upper assemblage also has a
3528:
4363:"Berriasian–Valanginian Geochronology and Carbon-Isotope Stratigraphy of the Yellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah, USA"
4090:
3993:
2949:
2828:
478:
It is composed of non-marine sediments, that is, sediments deposited in rivers, lakes and on flood plains. Based on various fossils and
3656:
5619:
4984:
Carpenter, K. (2006). "Assessing dinosaur faunal turnover in the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of eastern Utah, USA".
4326:
390:
2480:
Mammals are the most thoroughly studied thanks to the work of Jeffrey Eaton and Richard Cifelli. They include triconodonts (e.g.,
5660:
4692:"A new semi-fossorial thescelosaurine dinosaur from the Cenomanian-age Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah"
4865:
2469:
and some extinct families (e.g., Paramacellodidae). Crocodiles are also present but their remains are fragmentary. They include
725:
from the Yellow Cat Member (upper right), a large theropod represented by a tooth from the Ruby Ranch Member (lower left), and
633:
remains and the isolated bones of sauropods and theropods had been recovered from the Poison Strip member. Volunteers from the
591:. The mudstones originated as flood deposits from river channels that are marked by the sandstone lenses. Formerly considered
218:
5650:
2508:), and several unnamed tribotheres, characterized by molars having three cusps that are typically asymmetrically arranged.
5665:
2527:
logs are over a meter in diameter and indicate the presence of trees over 30 m (100 feet). The distinct wood of the
257:
5491:"New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the poison strip member of the cedar mountain formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah"
5134:
5600:
5525:
5506:
5161:
17:
5045:"First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition"
1160:
Fragments of ribs, fused sacrum, ilium, preacetabular process of an ilium, tibia, metatarsal, and ossified tendons.
5690:
634:
755:
may be considered as relics, with their closest relatives in the Morrison Formation. In contrast, the polacanthid
4880:
4551:
4549:
4547:
512:
The Cedar Mountain Formation is sandwiched between the Morrison Formation below and the Naturita Formation and
5098:"New tribosphenic mammals from the Mussentuchit Local Fauna (Cedar Mountain Formation, Cenomanian), Utah, USA"
737:
The oldest of these assemblages is from the Yellow Cat, Poison Strip and basal Ruby Ranch members. The small,
5715:
2544:
807:
4544:
5695:
5367:
Royo-Torres, R.; Upchurch, P.; Kirkland, J.I.; DeBlieux, D.D.; Foster, J.R.; Cobos, A.; Alcalá, L. (2017).
4987:
Ninth International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Abstract and Proceedings Volume
4496:
2555:
Indeterminate isolated pterosaur remains have been recovered from the Yellow Cat and Mussentuchit Members.
211:
5720:
5628:
5369:"Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA"
3089:
5705:
5685:
587:. The mudstones were deposited on flood plains, and show evidence of ancient soil development called
4508:
5680:
504:
drifted westward. A middle dinosaur assemblage may be present, but the fossil record is not clear.
531:
5592:
5580:
5498:
5490:
5481:
5153:
5145:
2492:), characterized by molars having three cusps arranged in a triangle; multituberculates (e.g.,
490:
191:
5675:
5670:
4845:
4807:
4795:
4771:
4734:
4722:
4696:
4642:
4609:
4290:
668:
558:
Type section of the Buckhorn Conglomerate western side of Cedar Mountain, Emery County, Utah.
696:
5551:
5380:
5269:
5223:
5184:
5058:
5015:
4833:
4374:
3445:
642:
576:
140:
5629:
Utah's Newly Recognized Dinosaur Record from the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation
5616:
4864:
Britt, Brooks B.; Scheetz, Rodney D.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Eberth, David A. (2006-12-11).
4690:
Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Tucker, Ryan T.; Zanno, Lindsay E. (2024-07-09).
717:
Example of dinosaurs from the Cedar Mountain Formation include the polacanthid ankylosaur
8:
5049:
4458:
Carpenter, K., 2014. Where the sea meets the land—the unresolved Dakota problem in Utah.
4304:
2400:
Cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, and the proximal end of a pubis.
1517:
Remains have also been found in the Upper Ruby Ranch Member and the Mussentuchit Member.
1096:
represented by large vertebrae and fragmentary remains from the Upper Yellow Cat Member.
966:
910:
760:
5555:
5384:
5273:
5227:
5188:
5062:
5019:
4378:
5589:
Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie
5567:
5495:
Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie
5435:
5401:
5368:
5285:
5247:
5202:
5150:
Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie
5079:
5044:
5031:
4892:
4532:
4520:
4057:
2151:
526:
479:
468:
464:
456:
455:
The drab-colored lower portion of the Cedar Mountain Formation, overlying the brighter
440:
424:
168:
158:
5127:
Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1
5596:
5571:
5521:
5502:
5439:
5406:
5289:
5239:
5206:
5157:
5146:"New ornithopod from the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Eastern Utah"
5130:
5084:
5035:
5003:
4985:
4884:
4711:
4402:
3359:
3347:
2227:
1711:
1380:
1308:
Multiple fairly complete, partially articulated skeletons including cranial material
1210:
5251:
5097:
4896:
2504:), with their multiple rows of cusps on the molars; one of the earliest marsupials (
1234:
5559:
5477:
5456:
5431:
5427:
5396:
5388:
5306:
5277:
5231:
5192:
5074:
5066:
5023:
4876:
4701:
4392:
4382:
4276:
3785:
2273:
2188:
2161:
1912:
1279:
778:
770:
667:. Radiometric dates place the upper portions of the Ruby Ranch in the late Aptian.
548:
535:
483:
472:
4927:
5635:
5623:
5617:
Dinosaurs of the Cedar Mountain Formation presented by the Utah Geological Survey
3685:
2859:
2732:
2559:
2346:
2343:
2238:
2073:
1593:
1103:
683:, while lower portions of the member have been dated to 104.46 ± 0.95 Ma, in the
501:
5310:
5027:
4387:
4362:
1636:
5563:
5447:
Stokes, W. L. (1944). "Morrison and related deposits in the Colorado Plateau".
5392:
5173:"New Cretaceous lungfishes (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from western North America"
4783:
2300:
1390:
1312:
1215:
500:
dinosaurs with younger, Asian-like dinosaurs as the North American Continental
250:
5235:
5070:
2449:
Reptiles are more abundant and better studied. These include aquatic turtles (
5644:
4888:
4866:"A Barremian neochoristodere from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, U.S.A."
4715:
4406:
4126:
2484:), which have the molar cusps arranged in a single row; symmetrodonts (e.g.,
2303:
2263:
1493:
1227:
1222:
1164:
991:
788:
318:
272:
259:
233:
220:
85:
38:
5043:
Chure, Daniel; Britt, Brooks; Whitlock, John A.; Wilson, Jeffrey A. (2010).
4413:
1936:
May represent a similar taxon instead based on the morphology of the tooth.
624:
just before it was flooded by the ocean to form the Western Interior Seaway.
5410:
5281:
5243:
5088:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
3952:
3797:
3438:
A new genus and species of orectolobid present in the Mussentuchit Member.
3237:
3200:
2659:
2647:
2613:
2198:
2123:
2113:
2086:
1981:
1830:
1721:
1617:
1026:
994:
922:
765:
664:
517:
513:
5356:
Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, 55th Annual Meeting
5334:
Fieldtrip Guidebook, Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section
4474:
4472:
1940:
5197:
5172:
4318:
3922:
3823:
3759:
3266:
3102:
2578:
2377:
2017:
2000:
1945:
1795:
1785:
1757:
1683:
1641:
1629:
1605:
1566:
1198:
1167:
1137:
822:
774:
482:, the Cedar Mountain Formation was deposited during the last half of the
60:
5460:
4621:
1952:
4469:
3949:
3859:
3591:
3335:
3300:
3166:
2890:
2698:
2516:
2313:
2005:
1988:
1322:
1203:
1174:
1093:
1057:
933:
917:
898:
886:
855:
756:
680:
646:
629:
432:
105:
70:
46:
42:
5213:
4933:
4903:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4397:
1739:
Upper Yellow Cat Member, and possibly also the lower Yellow Cat Member
5516:
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004).
4706:
4691:
3869:
3833:
2980:
2528:
2076:
2046:
1957:
1877:
1612:
1532:
1458:
1423:
1239:
893:
608:
592:
588:
584:
195:
110:
54:
4561:
1624:
554:
5366:
4789:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4590:
3559:
3057:
2532:
2520:
1654:
1251:
1179:
794:
749:
742:
580:
496:
199:
100:
95:
80:
75:
65:
5578:
3826:
with a debate on whether it was fully terrestrial or semiaquatic.
3232:
2642:
530:
immediately overlies the Cedar Mountain and marks the encroaching
5468:
Stokes, W.L. (1952). "Lower Cretaceous in the Colorado Plateau".
5340:
4671:
4419:
4024:
3725:
3516:
3479:
3159:
Indeterminate anuran remains present in the Mussentuchit Member.
3016:
Indeterminate baenid remains present in the Mussentuchit Member.
2524:
1600:
619:
115:
90:
4654:
2512:
The various vertebrates are listed by member in the list below.
2069:
Numerous elements belonging to immature and mature individuals.
1186:
575:
is named for exposures near the Yellow Cat mining area north of
443:, where William Lee Stokes first studied the exposures in 1944.
5096:
Cifelli, Richard L.; Cohen, Joshua E.; Davis, Brian M. (2016).
4915:
3023:
1976:
905:
684:
604:
126:
5171:
Frederickson, Joseph A.; Cifelli, Richard L. (January 2017).
4939:
3511:
3330:
2466:
2427:
Fish include primitive fresh or brackish water sharks (e.g.,
1993:
1969:
1964:
881:
451:
5317:
5299:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
5258:
5002:
4689:
4636:
4478:
3342:
713:
700:
Fauna of Yellow Cat Member form the Cedar Mountain Formation
4484:
2423:
teeth and other small fossils are picked from the residue.
2414:
1701:
Ruby Ranch Member, and possibly the upper Yellow Cat Member
1354:
1288:
1191:
960:
was not from the Ruby Ranch Member as initially described.
428:
300:
5520:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
4973:
4909:
4881:
10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[1005:ABNFTC]2.0.CO;2
4863:
1075:
Caudal vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, and osteoderms.
4977:
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Abstracts and Program
4359:
2184:
Portions of the femur, tibia, metatarsals and phalanges.
5515:
5042:
4851:
4839:
4813:
4801:
4777:
4740:
4728:
4648:
4615:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4567:
5123:
4603:
524:
Although not part of the Cedar Mountain Formation, the
5488:
5417:
4677:
4573:
4514:
5296:
4665:
4430:
4428:
4266:
2461:), and several different lizards, including teiids (
792:
from high in the Ruby Ranch Member and the sauropod
5170:
4954:
4921:
4558:, p. 187, "Geological and Taphonomic Setting".
4505:, p. 186, "Geological and Taphonomic Setting".
5711:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
1823:One of the last-surviving members of turiasauria.
5095:
4945:
4440:
4425:
4338:
611:growths appear on bones in the quarry from which
5642:
5581:"Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod
5541:
5353:
5262:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
5143:
4555:
4538:
4526:
4502:
4490:
781:. Although not a dinosaur, the primitive mammal
729:from the base of the Mussentuchit (lower right).
397:
369:
5579:Sanders, F.; Manley, K.; Carpenter, K. (2001).
486:Epoch, about 127 - 98 million years ago (mya).
423:is the name given to a distinctive sedimentary
5489:Tidwell, V.; Carpenter, K.; Meyer, S. (2001).
5331:
1081:may, instead, represent a large polacanthine.
5470:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
5129:. Utah Geological Survey. pp. 219–242.
3858:An unspecified multituberculate, probably a
3720:
3440:
3261:
3161:
3018:
2693:
2573:
1872:
1527:
1098:
817:
463:The formation occurs between the underlying
377:Cedar Mountain Formation (the United States)
131:Type section of the Cedar Mountain Formation
5587:. In Tanke, Darren; Carpenter, Ken (eds.).
5493:. In Tanke, Darren; Carpenter, Ken (eds.).
5482:10.1306/5CEADB93-16BB-11D7-8645000102C1865D
5148:. In Tanke, Darren; Carpenter, Ken (eds.).
2562:femur is known from the Yellow Cat Member.
2409:
538:has been improperly used for these strata.
2442:Amphibians include both salamanders (e.g.
1880:reported from the Cedar Mountain Formation
1535:reported from the Cedar Mountain Formation
1106:reported from the Cedar Mountain Formation
825:reported from the Cedar Mountain Formation
125:
5701:Sandstone formations of the United States
5400:
5196:
5078:
4983:
4705:
4584:
4396:
4386:
721:from the Yellow Cat Member (upper left),
5656:Lower Cretaceous Series of North America
5321:Brigham Young University Geology Studies
4327:List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
3723:
3510:
3443:
3341:
3329:
3264:
3231:
3164:
3088:
3021:
2696:
2641:
2576:
2543:(1999), Kirkland and Madsen (2007), and
2413:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1875:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1530:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1101:
916:
904:
892:
880:
820:
806:(1999), Kirkland and Madsen (2007), and
712:
695:
618:
553:
450:
4460:Utah Geological Association Publication
27:Geologic formation in the United States
14:
5643:
5467:
5449:Geological Society of America Bulletin
5446:
4960:
4852:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4840:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4828:The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
4814:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4802:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4778:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4741:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4729:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4649:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4616:Weishampel, Dodson & Osmólska 2004
4517:, p. 140, "Depositional Setting".
4446:
4434:
4344:
178:Varies, some sections over 1000 metres
5591:. Indiana University Press. pp.
5497:. Indiana University Press. pp.
5152:. Indiana University Press. pp.
3433:
2222:"Partial skeletons of individuals."
1784:One of the last-surviving members of
1446:An upper jaw fragment and two teeth.
431:, spanning most of the early and mid-
4754:"EARLY CRETACEOUS DINOSAURS OF UTAH"
4683:
4355:
4353:
2539:Data from Carpenter (2006), Cifelli
802:Data from Carpenter (2006), Cifelli
541:
5144:DiCroce, T.; Carpenter, K. (2001).
4678:Scheetz, Britt & Higgerson 2010
4515:Tidwell, Carpenter & Meyer 2001
2446:) and frogs, but neither is common.
1087:
24:
5535:
5420:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
5008:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4869:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4666:Kinneer, Carpenter & Shaw 2016
489:It has lithography similar to the
25:
5732:
5610:
4350:
3713:
2550:
1486:A basal styracostern ornithopod.
1416:A basal styracostern ornithopod.
1348:A basal styracostern ornithopod.
691:
4955:Bibliography and further reading
4311:
4297:
4283:
4269:
2403:A dromaeosaurine dromaeosaurid.
635:Denver Museum of Natural History
396:
389:
368:
361:
311:
293:
58:
4946:Cifelli, Cohen & Davis 2016
4922:Frederickson & Cifelli 2017
4857:
4819:
4746:
3728:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
3448:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
3269:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
3169:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
3026:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
2701:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
2581:of the Cedar Mountain Formation
2565:
2457:), at least one type of snake (
507:
471:(sometimes formerly called the
405:Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah)
5661:Early Cretaceous North America
5432:10.1080/02724634.2010.10411819
4541:, p. 185, "Introduction".
4529:, p. 186, "Introduction".
4452:
2689:
813:
435:. The formation was named for
13:
1:
4332:
3154:
2536:is occasional found as well.
380:Show map of the United States
4854:, p. 198, "Table 10.1".
4816:, p. 269, "Table 13.1".
4804:, p. 268, "Table 13.1".
4780:, p. 267, "Table 13.1".
4743:, p. 414, "Table 19.1".
4731:, p. 417, "Table 19.1".
4651:, p. 365, "Table 17.1".
4618:, p. 366, "Table 17.1".
4556:DiCroce & Carpenter 2001
4539:DiCroce & Carpenter 2001
4527:DiCroce & Carpenter 2001
4503:DiCroce & Carpenter 2001
4491:Roca-Argemi & Nadon 2003
3253:
1864:
1523:
708:
251:Approximate paleocoordinates
7:
5651:Geologic formations of Utah
5028:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089
4388:10.3390/geosciences13020032
4262:
4188:Spalacolestes cretulablatta
3087:
2775:Harmodontosaurus emeryensis
2759:
1513:Various partial specimens.
1172:
1050:A polacanthine nodosaurid.
1020:A polacanthine nodosaurid.
879:
10:
5737:
5666:Cretaceous geology of Utah
5564:10.2110/palo.2008.p08-013r
5393:10.1038/s41598-017-14677-2
4842:, p. 76, "Table 4.1".
3509:
3328:
3230:
3011:
2640:
1938:
1858:A brachiosaurid sauropod.
1750:A brachiosaurid sauropod.
1598:
446:
5236:10.1038/s41586-018-0126-y
5071:10.1007/s00114-010-0650-6
4210:Spalacolestes inconcinnus
4176:
4123:
4119:
3931:Cifelliodon wahkermoosuch
3866:
3790:
3356:
2806:Dimekodontosaurus madseni
2545:The Paleobiology Database
2310:
1369:Lower Mussentuchit Member
964:
808:The Paleobiology Database
355:
347:
339:
329:
324:
306:
288:
249:
210:
205:
187:
182:
174:
164:
154:
146:
136:
124:
37:
32:
4934:Huttenlocker et al. 2018
2410:Other vertebrate fossils
2395:Lower Yellow Cat Member.
2331:Upper Yellow Cat Member.
2216:Upper Yellow Cat Member.
2141:Upper Yellow Cat Member.
2104:Lower Yellow Cat Member.
2064:Lower Yellow Cat Member.
421:Cedar Mountain Formation
33:Cedar Mountain Formation
5691:Conglomerate formations
5583:Cedarosaurus weiskopfae
5311:10.1127/njgpa/2016/0605
5177:Journal of Paleontology
5105:Palaeontologia Polonica
4790:Royo-Torres et al. 2017
4758:Utah Geological Society
4241:Spalacotheridium noblei
4135:Paracimexomys perplexus
3248:
1813:Upper Yellow Cat Member
1775:Lower Yellow Cat Member
1507:Lower Ruby Ranch Member
1408:Lower Yellow Cat Member
1340:Upper Yellow Cat Member
1155:Upper Yellow Cat Member
981:Upper Yellow Cat Member
532:Western Interior Seaway
5426:(Supplement 2): 158A.
5282:10.1144/SP498-2018-133
4157:Paracimexomys robisoni
3971:Corviconodon utahensis
3806:Astroconodon delicatus
3520:
3351:
3339:
3241:
3094:
2927:Bothriagenys mysterion
2651:
2419:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
926:
914:
902:
890:
748:and the brachiosaurid
730:
701:
669:Exhumed river channels
625:
600:Poison Strip Sandstone
559:
491:Burro Canyon Formation
460:
4697:The Anatomical Record
4637:Carpenter et al. 2008
4479:Kirkland et al. 1997b
4291:Earth sciences portal
4116:Possible metatherian
4066:Jugulator amplissimus
3842:Bryceomys intermedius
3537:Polyacrodus parvidens
3514:
3345:
3333:
3235:
3092:
2645:
2417:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
920:
908:
896:
884:
716:
699:
622:
565:Buckhorn Conglomerate
557:
454:
5716:Paleontology in Utah
5198:10.1017/jpa.2016.131
4910:Brinkman et al. 2015
4420:Kowallis et al. 1998
4002:Dakotadens pertritus
3446:Cartilaginous Fishes
3121:Mussentuchit Member.
2999:Mussentuchit Member.
2967:Mussentuchit Member.
2936:Mussentuchit Member.
2905:Mussentuchit Member.
2897:Bicuspidon numerosus
2878:Mussentuchit Member.
2846:Mussentuchit Member.
2837:Dicothodon moorensis
2815:Mussentuchit Member.
2784:Mussentuchit Member.
2677:Mussentuchit Member.
2363:Poison Strip Member.
2291:Mussentuchit Member.
2254:Mussentuchit Member.
2187:A pantyrannosaurian
2179:Mussentuchit Member.
2033:Mussentuchit Member.
1092:A large sail-backed
1003:G. lorriemcwhinneyae
577:Arches National Park
141:Geological formation
5696:Mudstone formations
5556:2009Palai..24...51S
5461:10.1130/GSAB-55-951
5385:2017NatSR...714311R
5274:2020GSLSP.498...75J
5228:2018Natur.558..108H
5189:2017JPal...91..146F
5063:2010NW.....97..379C
5050:Naturwissenschaften
5020:2008JVPal..28.1089C
4604:Cifelli et al. 1999
4379:2023Geosc..13...32J
4305:Paleontology portal
3701:Mussentuchit Member
3672:Mussentuchit Member
3642:Mussentuchit Member
3610:Mussentuchit Member
3578:Mussentuchit Member
3546:Mussentuchit Member
3501:Mussentuchit Member
3421:Mussentuchit Member
3222:Mussentuchit Member
3079:Mussentuchit Member
2632:Mussentuchit Member
1933:An isolated tooth.
1848:Poison Strip Member
1584:Mussentuchit Member
1476:Poison Strip Member
1303:Mussentuchit Member
1269:Mussentuchit Member
1070:Poison Strip Member
1041:Mussentuchit Member
1011:Poison Strip Member
948:Mussentuchit Member
870:Mussentuchit Member
676:Mussentuchit Member
583:and some lenses of
269: /
230: /
39:Stratigraphic range
5721:Emery County, Utah
5634:2007-04-10 at the
5622:2010-11-08 at the
5373:Scientific Reports
5004:Carpenter, Kenneth
3768:Ameribaatar zofiae
3521:
3434:Cartilaginous fish
3352:
3340:
3242:
3095:
2958:Primaderma nessovi
2751:Yellow Cat Member.
2668:Dakotasuchus kingi
2652:
2431:) and rays (c.f.,
2420:
2132:M. greenriverensis
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1928:Ruby Ranch Member.
1670:Ruby Ranch Member.
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1311:A thescelosaurine
1244:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1079:cf. Sauropelta sp.
927:
915:
903:
891:
764:and a yet unnamed
731:
702:
626:
560:
527:Naturita Formation
469:Naturita Formation
465:Morrison Formation
461:
457:Morrison Formation
441:Emery County, Utah
425:geologic formation
234:39.250°N 110.824°W
169:Morrison Formation
159:Naturita Formation
5222:(7708): 108–112.
4568:Chure et al. 2010
4260:
4259:
3940:Yellow Cat Member
3711:
3710:
3498:Ruby Ranch Member
3431:
3430:
3399:Yellow Cat Member
3377:Yellow Cat Member
3320:Yellow Cat Member
3246:
3245:
3152:
3151:
3142:Yellow Cat Member
3076:Yellow Cat Member
3009:
3008:
2798:Dimekodontosaurus
2687:
2686:
2435:), the lungfish (
2407:
2406:
2262:An indeterminate
2207:N. justinhofmanni
1862:
1861:
1521:
1520:
1450:A dubious taxon.
1441:Yellow Cat Member
1085:
1084:
940:C. bilbeyhallorum
660:Ruby Ranch Member
573:Yellow Cat Member
542:Formation members
480:radiometric dates
417:
416:
18:Yellow Cat Member
16:(Redirected from
5728:
5706:Fluvial deposits
5686:Cenomanian Stage
5606:
5575:
5531:
5512:
5485:
5464:
5443:
5414:
5404:
5363:
5350:
5337:
5328:
5314:
5293:
5255:
5210:
5200:
5167:
5140:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5102:
5092:
5082:
5039:
5014:(4): 1089–1101.
4999:
4997:
4995:
4990:. pp. 21–25
4980:
4970:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4875:(4): 1005–1008.
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4707:10.1002/ar.25505
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4588:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4467:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4357:
4348:
4342:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4277:Dinosaurs portal
4274:
4273:
4272:
4233:Spalacotheridium
4099:Kokopellia juddi
3900:Cedaromys parvus
3878:Cedaromys bestia
3786:multituberculate
3721:
3632:Pseudohypolophus
3624:Pseudohypolophus
3441:
3262:
3162:
3019:
2767:Harmodontosaurus
2694:
2622:cf. Bernissartia
2574:
2490:Spalacotheridium
2368:Pelvic element?
2152:therizinosauroid
1913:Acrocanthosaurus
1873:
1712:camarasauromorph
1528:
1381:rhabdodontomorph
1104:Neornithischians
1099:
1088:Neornithischians
1033:P. cedrimontanus
818:
779:pachycephalosaur
536:Dakota Formation
484:Early Cretaceous
473:Dakota Formation
409:
408:Show map of Utah
400:
399:
393:
381:
372:
371:
365:
317:
315:
314:
299:
297:
296:
284:
283:
281:
280:
279:
274:
270:
267:
266:
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245:
244:
242:
241:
240:
239:39.250; -110.824
235:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
129:
120:
57:
30:
29:
21:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5681:Barremian Stage
5641:
5640:
5636:Wayback Machine
5624:Wayback Machine
5613:
5603:
5538:
5536:Further reading
5528:
5509:
5164:
5137:
5114:
5112:
5100:
4993:
4991:
4957:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4904:
4862:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4788:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4727:
4723:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4635:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4591:
4583:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4545:
4537:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4470:
4457:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4414:
4358:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4303:
4298:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4265:
3784:An unspecified
3716:
3686:Cretorectolobus
3436:
3256:
3251:
3157:
3014:
2868:Pseudosaurillus
2860:Pseudosaurillus
2741:Toxolophosaurus
2733:Toxolophosaurus
2692:
2568:
2560:neochoristodere
2553:
2412:
2239:Richardoestesia
2228:ornithomimosaur
2154:therizinosaur.
1867:
1526:
1280:hadrosauromorph
1090:
816:
711:
694:
639:Tony's Bone Bed
615:was extracted.
544:
510:
493:in the region.
449:
413:
412:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
401:
384:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
373:
312:
310:
294:
292:
277:
275:
271:
268:
263:
260:
258:
256:
255:
238:
236:
232:
229:
224:
221:
219:
217:
216:
132:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
52:
51:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5639:
5638:
5626:
5612:
5611:External links
5609:
5608:
5607:
5601:
5576:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5526:
5518:The Dinosauria
5513:
5507:
5486:
5465:
5444:
5415:
5364:
5351:
5343:Modern Geology
5338:
5329:
5315:
5294:
5256:
5211:
5183:(1): 146–161.
5168:
5162:
5141:
5136:978-1557916341
5135:
5121:
5093:
5040:
5000:
4981:
4971:
4963:Modern Geology
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4938:
4926:
4914:
4902:
4856:
4844:
4832:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4782:
4770:
4745:
4733:
4721:
4682:
4670:
4653:
4641:
4620:
4608:
4589:
4585:Carpenter 2006
4572:
4560:
4543:
4531:
4519:
4507:
4495:
4483:
4468:
4451:
4439:
4424:
4412:
4349:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4308:
4294:
4280:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4184:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4033:Janumys erebos
4029:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4005:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3974:
3967:
3957:
3956:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3874:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3715:
3714:Mammaliaformes
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:Indeterminate
3690:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3533:
3523:
3522:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2567:
2564:
2552:
2551:Other reptiles
2549:
2510:
2509:
2478:
2474:
2447:
2440:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2355:Indeterminate
2351:
2350:
2344:dromaeosaurine
2340:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2322:U. ostrommaysi
2318:
2308:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2246:Indeterminate
2243:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2189:tyrannosauroid
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2025:Indeterminate
2022:
2012:
2011:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1920:Indeterminate
1917:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1746:gastroliths.
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1662:Indeterminate
1659:
1648:
1647:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1500:Indeterminate
1498:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1391:Iguanacolossus
1385:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1313:thescelosaurid
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1260:E. caroljonesa
1256:
1246:
1245:
1216:Iguanocolossus
1171:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1063:Indeterminate
1061:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1005:
999:
998:
988:
984:
983:
982:
977:
975:
970:
962:
961:
955:
951:
950:
949:
944:
942:
937:
929:
928:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
866:
864:
862:A. ramaljonesi
859:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
828:
827:
815:
812:
771:tyrannosauroid
710:
707:
693:
692:Fossil content
690:
689:
688:
672:
653:
652:
651:
650:
596:
569:
543:
540:
509:
506:
467:and overlying
448:
445:
437:Cedar Mountain
415:
414:
404:
395:
394:
388:
387:
386:
385:
376:
367:
366:
360:
359:
358:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
343:William Stokes
341:
337:
336:
334:Cedar Mountain
331:
327:
326:
322:
321:
308:
304:
303:
290:
286:
285:
253:
247:
246:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:
122:
121:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5733:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5604:
5602:0-253-33907-3
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5527:0-520-24209-2
5523:
5519:
5514:
5510:
5508:0-253-33907-3
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5476:: 1766–1776.
5475:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5268:(1): 75–100.
5267:
5263:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5163:0-253-33907-3
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5057:(4): 379–91.
5056:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4911:
4906:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4810:
4803:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4779:
4774:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4650:
4645:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4617:
4612:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4523:
4516:
4511:
4504:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4466:, pp.357-372.
4465:
4461:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4356:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4309:
4306:
4295:
4292:
4281:
4278:
4267:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:Spalacolestes
4175:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:Paracimexomys
4122:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
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3999:
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3409:
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3326:
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3319:
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3313:
3311:
3307:
3305:
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3297:
3296:
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3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
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3270:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3221:
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3215:
3214:
3210:
3206:
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3203:
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3197:
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3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
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3163:
3160:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3140:
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3137:
3134:
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3127:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3116:
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3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
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3078:
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3025:
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3017:
3005:
3003:
2998:
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2992:
2990:
2986:
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2898:
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2819:
2814:
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2810:
2808:
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2803:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
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2779:
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2776:
2772:
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2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
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2748:
2746:
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2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
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2670:
2669:
2665:
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2661:
2656:
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2650:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2631:
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2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2617:
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2615:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2502:Paracimexomys
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Spalacolestes
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2347:dromaeosaurid
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2282:S. meekerorum
2279:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2170:M. intrepidus
2167:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:G. suarezarum
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:therizinosaur
2071:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1730:C. weiskopfae
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1595:
1594:brachiosaurid
1591:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:Tenontosaurus
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1228:Tenontosaurus
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
985:
980:
979:
978:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:
963:
959:
956:
952:
947:
946:
945:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:
931:
930:
925:
924:
919:
913:
912:
907:
901:
900:
895:
889:
888:
883:
877:
874:
869:
868:
867:
865:
863:
860:
858:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:
826:
824:
819:
811:
809:
805:
800:
797:
796:
791:
790:
789:Tenontosaurus
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
762:
758:
754:
751:
747:
744:
740:
739:Ornitholestes
735:
728:
727:Tenontosaurus
724:
720:
715:
706:
698:
686:
682:
677:
673:
670:
666:
661:
657:
656:
655:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:
621:
617:
616:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
550:
539:
537:
533:
529:
528:
522:
519:
515:
505:
503:
498:
494:
492:
487:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
458:
453:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
392:
364:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
332:
328:
323:
320:
319:United States
309:
305:
302:
291:
287:
282:
273:40.2°N 69.0°W
254:
252:
248:
243:
215:
213:
209:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
128:
123:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5676:Aptian Stage
5671:Albian Stage
5588:
5582:
5550:(4): 51–58.
5547:
5543:
5517:
5494:
5473:
5469:
5452:
5448:
5423:
5419:
5379:(1): 14311.
5376:
5372:
5359:
5355:
5346:
5342:
5333:
5324:
5320:
5305:(1): 37–80.
5302:
5298:
5265:
5261:
5219:
5215:
5180:
5176:
5149:
5126:
5113:. Retrieved
5108:
5104:
5054:
5048:
5011:
5007:
4992:. Retrieved
4986:
4976:
4966:
4962:
4941:
4929:
4917:
4905:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4847:
4835:
4827:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:
4748:
4736:
4724:
4695:
4685:
4673:
4644:
4611:
4563:
4534:
4522:
4510:
4498:
4486:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4442:
4415:
4370:
4366:
4340:
4250:Mussentuchit
4240:
4239:
4231:
4230:
4219:Mussentuchit
4209:
4208:
4197:Mussentuchit
4187:
4186:
4178:
4177:
4166:Mussentuchit
4156:
4155:
4144:Mussentuchit
4134:
4133:
4125:
4124:
4115:
4108:Mussentuchit
4098:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4075:Mussentuchit
4065:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4042:Mussentuchit
4032:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4011:Mussentuchit
4001:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3980:Mussentuchit
3970:
3969:
3963:Corviconodon
3961:
3960:
3953:mammaliaform
3947:
3930:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3909:Mussentuchit
3899:
3898:
3887:Mussentuchit
3877:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3851:Mussentuchit
3841:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3822:A predatory
3815:Mussentuchit
3805:
3804:
3798:Astroconodon
3796:
3795:
3777:Mussentuchit
3767:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3749:Description
3724:
3717:
3692:
3684:
3683:
3664:New species
3663:
3655:
3653:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3469:Description
3444:
3437:
3411:
3410:
3390:C. kirklandi
3389:
3388:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3334:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3290:Description
3265:
3257:
3238:Albanerpeton
3236:
3212:
3209:Albanerpeton
3208:
3207:
3201:Albanerpeton
3199:
3198:
3190:Description
3165:
3158:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3065:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3047:Description
3022:
3015:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2957:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2926:
2925:
2919:Bothriagenys
2917:
2916:
2896:
2889:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2774:
2773:
2765:
2764:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2722:Description
2697:
2667:
2666:
2660:Dakotasuchus
2658:
2657:
2648:Bernissartia
2646:
2621:
2620:
2614:Bernissartia
2612:
2610:
2602:Description
2579:Crurotarsans
2577:
2569:
2566:Crurotarsans
2557:
2554:
2540:
2538:
2531:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:Astroconodon
2481:
2471:Bernissartia
2470:
2465:), possible
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:Albanerpeton
2443:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2386:Y. doellingi
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2354:
2336:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2301:neovenatorid
2281:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2245:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2199:Nedcolbertia
2197:
2196:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2131:
2130:
2124:Martharaptor
2122:
2121:
2094:
2093:
2087:Geminiraptor
2085:
2084:
2055:F. utahensis
2054:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1992:
1982:Nedcolbertia
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1876:
1868:
1853:
1838:
1837:
1831:Venenosaurus
1829:
1828:
1818:
1804:M. utahensis
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1766:M. bobyoungi
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1722:Cedarosaurus
1720:
1719:
1692:B. mcintoshi
1691:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1628:
1618:Cedarosaurus
1616:
1604:
1575:A. mcintoshi
1574:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1531:
1512:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1432:I. ottingeri
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1383:ornithopod.
1374:
1360:
1353:
1331:H. scutodens
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1294:
1287:
1282:ornithopod.
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1165:styracostern
1146:C. crichtoni
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1102:
1091:
1078:
1055:
1032:
1027:Peloroplites
1025:
1002:
992:polacanthine
972:
965:
957:
939:
932:
923:Peloroplites
921:
909:
897:
885:
861:
854:
821:
803:
801:
793:
787:
782:
766:iguanodontid
759:
753:Cedarosaurus
752:
746:Nedcolbertia
745:
738:
736:
732:
726:
722:
718:
703:
675:
665:soil horizon
659:
654:
638:
628:
613:Venenosaurus
612:
599:
572:
564:
545:
525:
523:
518:unconformity
514:Mancos Shale
511:
508:Stratigraphy
495:
488:
477:
462:
439:in northern
420:
418:
348:Year defined
325:Type section
192:Conglomerate
53:140–94
5455:: 951–992.
4447:Aubrey 1998
4435:Stokes 1952
4367:Geosciences
4345:Stokes 1944
4319:Utah portal
3950:haramiyidan
3923:Cifelliodon
3824:triconodont
3760:Ameribaatar
3529:Polyacrodus
3412:C. molossus
3267:Bony fishes
3213:A. nexuosus
3111:Naomichelys
3103:Naomichelys
3093:Peripherals
2699:Lepidosaurs
2690:Lepidosaurs
2517:charophytes
2455:Naomichelys
2378:Yurgovuchia
2304:allosauroid
2264:coelurosaur
2150:A possible
2109:A maxilla.
2018:Deinonychus
1946:Deinonychus
1839:V. dicrocei
1796:Moabosaurus
1786:turiasauria
1758:Mierasaurus
1684:Brontomerus
1642:Moabosaurus
1630:Mierasaurus
1606:Abydosaurus
1567:Abydosaurus
1467:P. venenica
1295:F. herzogae
1138:Cedrorestes
823:Ankylosaurs
814:Ankylosaurs
783:Gobiconodon
775:ceratopsian
637:discovered
427:in eastern
278:40.2; -69.0
276: /
237: /
225:110°49′26″W
212:Coordinates
5645:Categories
5349:: 235–260.
4969:: 209–233.
4398:1808/34140
4333:References
4091:Kokopellia
3994:Dakotadens
3860:cimolodont
3746:Abundance
3600:Ischyrhiza
3592:Ischyrhiza
3466:Abundance
3336:Semionotus
3310:Semionotus
3301:Semionotus
3287:Abundance
3187:Abundance
3167:Amphibians
3155:Amphibians
3132:gen. nov.
3044:Abundance
2950:Primaderma
2891:Bicuspidon
2829:Dicothodon
2719:Abundance
2599:Abundance
2558:A partial
2506:Kokopellia
2463:Bicuspidon
2433:Ischyrhiza
2314:Utahraptor
2116:theropod.
2114:troodontid
2006:Utahraptor
1710:A dubious
1596:sauropod.
1323:Hippodraco
1204:Hippodraco
1168:ornithopod
1094:iguanodont
1058:Sauropelta
995:nodosaurid
958:Cedarpelta
934:Cedarpelta
899:Cedarpelta
887:Animantarx
856:Animantarx
757:ankylosaur
723:Utahraptor
681:Cenomanian
647:dry season
630:Sauropelta
433:Cretaceous
222:39°15′00″N
47:Cenomanian
43:Berriasian
5572:130038014
5440:220429286
5327:: 69–103.
5290:210296827
5207:131962612
5036:129480044
4889:0272-4634
4716:1932-8486
4407:2076-3263
4373:(2): 32.
4058:Jugulator
3870:Cedaromys
3834:Bryceomys
3740:Location
3460:Location
3368:C. kempae
3360:Ceratodus
3348:Ceratodus
3281:Location
3254:Bony fish
3181:Location
3135:sp. nov.
3038:Location
2989:Coniophis
2981:Coniophis
2713:Location
2593:Location
2529:tree fern
2521:Ostracods
2498:Cedaromys
2459:Coniophis
2437:Ceratodus
2047:Falcarius
1958:Falcarius
1898:Material
1892:Location
1878:Theropods
1865:Theropods
1553:Material
1547:Location
1533:Sauropods
1524:Sauropods
1459:Planicoxa
1424:Iguanodon
1399:I. fortis
1361:I. smithi
1240:Planicoxa
1124:Material
1118:Location
973:G. burgei
843:Material
837:Location
709:Dinosaurs
609:Carbonate
593:Barremian
589:paleosols
585:sandstone
581:mudstones
330:Named for
196:sandstone
183:Lithology
175:Thickness
155:Underlies
147:Sub-units
5632:Archived
5620:Archived
5411:29085006
5252:43921185
5244:29795343
5089:20179896
4994:18 March
4897:86258448
4763:21 March
4263:See also
3737:Species
3657:Baibisha
3568:Lissodus
3560:Lissodus
3457:Species
3278:Species
3259:Member.
3178:Species
3066:Glyptops
3058:Glyptops
3035:Species
2710:Species
2590:Species
2533:Tempskya
2451:Glyptops
2226:A basal
2077:theropod
2072:A basal
1889:Species
1655:Astrodon
1544:Species
1379:A basal
1278:A basal
1252:Eolambia
1180:Eolambia
1163:A basal
1115:Species
967:Gastonia
911:Gastonia
834:Species
795:Astrodon
777:, and a
761:Gastonia
750:sauropod
743:theropod
719:Gastonia
497:Dinosaur
340:Named by
206:Location
200:mudstone
165:Overlies
150:See text
5593:166–180
5552:Bibcode
5544:PALAIOS
5499:166–180
5402:5662694
5381:Bibcode
5270:Bibcode
5224:Bibcode
5185:Bibcode
5154:166–180
5111:: 67–81
5080:2841758
5059:Bibcode
5016:Bibcode
4375:Bibcode
4025:Janumys
3752:Images
3743:Member
3726:Mammals
3517:Hybodus
3488:Hybodus
3480:Hybodus
3472:Images
3463:Member
3293:Images
3284:Member
3193:Images
3184:Member
3050:Images
3041:Member
3024:Turtles
3012:Turtles
2725:Images
2716:Member
2605:Images
2596:Member
2525:conifer
2494:Janumys
2429:Hybodus
2259:Teeth.
1904:Images
1895:Member
1559:Images
1550:Member
1130:Images
1121:Member
849:Images
840:Member
549:members
447:Geology
307:Country
264:69°00′W
261:40°12′N
188:Primary
41:: Late
5599:
5570:
5524:
5505:
5438:
5409:
5399:
5288:
5250:
5242:
5216:Nature
5205:
5160:
5133:
5115:2 July
5087:
5077:
5034:
4895:
4887:
4714:
4405:
3734:Genus
3454:Genus
3312:? sp.
3275:Genus
3175:Genus
3032:Genus
2707:Genus
2587:Genus
2541:et al.
2467:skinks
1901:Notes
1886:Genus
1556:Notes
1541:Genus
1127:Notes
1112:Genus
846:Notes
831:Genus
804:et al.
741:-like
687:stage.
685:Albian
605:Aptian
316:
298:
289:Region
5568:S2CID
5436:S2CID
5286:S2CID
5248:S2CID
5203:S2CID
5101:(PDF)
5032:S2CID
4979:: 96.
4893:S2CID
2477:well.
2274:Siats
2162:Moros
1994:Siats
1970:Moros
502:Plate
5597:ISBN
5522:ISBN
5503:ISBN
5407:PMID
5360:14–1
5240:PMID
5158:ISBN
5131:ISBN
5117:2022
5085:PMID
4996:2021
4885:ISSN
4765:2021
4712:ISSN
4403:ISSN
3654:cf.
3634:sp.
3602:sp.
3570:sp.
3490:sp.
3249:Fish
3211:cf.
3113:sp.
3068:sp.
2991:sp.
2870:sp.
2743:sp.
2624:sp.
2611:cf.
2236:cf.
1910:cf.
1652:cf.
1355:Iani
1289:Fona
1192:Fona
1056:cf.
773:, a
674:The
658:The
643:1998
598:The
571:The
563:The
429:Utah
419:The
351:1944
301:Utah
137:Type
61:PreꞒ
5560:doi
5478:doi
5457:doi
5428:doi
5397:PMC
5389:doi
5307:doi
5303:282
5278:doi
5266:498
5232:doi
5220:558
5193:doi
5075:PMC
5067:doi
5024:doi
4877:doi
4702:doi
4393:hdl
4383:doi
641:in
475:).
5647::
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111:Pg
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96:T
91:P
86:C
81:D
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71:O
66:Ꞓ
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