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22:
107:
There were signs that the first written form of kanji was (櫓) during ancient periods, simply being a character representing a tower before being changed to (矢倉) – in which the former replaced the latter once again. The term originally derives from the use of fortress towers as high/tall or arrow (矢,
138:
Castle towers varied widely in shape, size, and purpose. Many served as watchtowers, guardtowers, and for similar military purposes. Arrows were often stored there, with other equipment. As castles served as the luxurious homes of Japan's feudal lords (the
146:
Japan has rarely feared invasion or maintained border forts. However, it is likely that guardtowers or watchtowers would have been kept, outside of larger castle compounds, at times and places throughout its history.
1580:
3199:
3502:
2223:
208:
143:), it was not uncommon for a castle to have an astronomy tower or a tower that provided a good vantage point for enjoying the natural beauty of the scenery.
3487:
3497:
3492:
3482:
2216:
2209:
293:
1396:
65:
is the
Japanese word for "tower", "turret", "keep", or "scaffold". The word is most often seen in reference to structures in
3474:
3537:
1990:
1685:
119:
Today, modern towers such as skyscrapers or communications towers are almost exclusively referred to or named using the
236:
1805:
1590:
262:
182:
205:
3382:
3412:
2015:
2637:
2435:
3387:
3328:
2673:
1238:
776:
286:
1575:
656:
1171:
3527:
1620:
2451:
1245:
3532:
2276:
2117:
1195:
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1939:
1645:
1640:
1560:
1357:
1304:
1274:
1031:
961:
905:
482:
279:
2785:
2189:
2005:
1595:
1492:
1377:
561:
2861:
2233:
2142:
1980:
1762:
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1252:
1075:
404:
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2127:
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446:
328:
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8:
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2827:
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116:), and was thus originally written as 矢倉. The term was used for a collection of towers.
2965:
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178:
38:
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1924:
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1006:
810:
389:
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1985:
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1535:
1090:
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593:
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212:
66:
2760:
2410:
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2154:
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1815:
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1735:
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1600:
1585:
1485:
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1314:
804:
771:
735:
551:
409:
373:
3521:
2620:
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2497:
2472:
2458:
2424:
2403:
2389:
2323:
2269:
2255:
2159:
2112:
2020:
2010:
1964:
1934:
1919:
1888:
1869:
1730:
1670:
1625:
1540:
1499:
1309:
942:
937:
670:
633:
618:
569:
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493:
302:
2444:
3442:
3358:
2316:
2137:
1995:
1959:
1914:
1898:
1826:
1779:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1555:
1372:
1233:
1200:
1065:
1001:
976:
888:
862:
830:
824:
766:
705:
675:
523:
74:
25:
2840:
2723:
2698:
2262:
2036:
1893:
1862:
1844:
1832:
1774:
1769:
1710:
1705:
1665:
1565:
1530:
1426:
1329:
1100:
1070:
1060:
966:
855:
472:
419:
2806:
663:
3365:
3337:
3303:
2691:
2667:
2061:
1881:
1853:
1784:
1660:
1615:
1545:
1465:
1362:
1267:
1207:
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1041:
991:
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878:
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781:
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42:
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2041:
586:
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797:
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321:
70:
2979:
140:
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3160:
3146:
3132:
3104:
3097:
3079:
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2896:
2875:
2813:
2736:
2646:
1954:
1949:
1874:
1715:
1433:
1408:
1391:
1321:
1262:
1190:
1183:
1026:
914:
788:
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603:
579:
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467:
434:
120:
3449:
3229:
3208:
3007:
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21:
3310:
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532:
364:
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316:
3256:
3250:
3236:
3174:
3125:
3067:
3014:
2799:
2626:
2607:
2545:
2302:
2132:
2076:
1820:
1345:
1176:
1016:
337:
87:
3463:
3344:
3188:
3118:
1114:
956:
923:
898:
690:
680:
649:
628:
96:
69:
compounds but can be used in other situations as well. The
2231:
81:, as are similar structures used in other festivals.
3519:
543:
1105:
1051:
869:
715:
58:
2217:
1760:
1490:
1319:
1295:
912:
903:
860:
584:
380:
371:
287:
231:. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages.
1879:
1860:
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1842:
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1243:
1214:
1205:
1181:
1142:
947:
928:
846:
795:
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742:
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724:
661:
647:
638:
521:
498:
530:
512:
458:
444:
362:
353:
344:
335:
326:
175:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary
2224:
2210:
294:
280:
226:
95:) is a traditional part of professional
37:
20:
31:and base of the main keep tower in the
3520:
257:. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages.
2205:
275:
252:
1686:Weapons Storage and Security System
229:An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles
13:
301:
14:
3549:
177:, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991,
3383:Architectural Institute of Japan
2490:
2185:
2184:
133:
3413:Groups of Traditional Buildings
196:, Sanseido Co., Ltd, Tokyo 1974
199:
187:
168:
156:
16:Japanese architectural element
1:
3388:Japan Institute of Architects
1581:British "hedgehog" road block
220:
150:
249:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
206:Official Grand Sumo homepage
165:, Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo 1980
102:
7:
1991:Cities with defensive walls
1576:Defensive fighting position
1491:
1296:
1106:
1052:
913:
904:
870:
861:
716:
10:
3554:
3538:Japanese words and phrases
2488:
247:Japanese Castles 1540-1640
245:Turnbull, Stephen (2003).
227:De Lange, William (2021).
3473:
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3401:
3375:
3327:
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2562:
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2504:
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2105:
2029:
1973:
1907:
1793:
1698:
1621:Hardened aircraft shelter
1596:Entry control point (ECP)
1508:
1419:
1135:
1128:
560:
309:
59:
2118:Continuity of government
1940:Motte-and-bailey castle
1646:Missile launch facility
1641:Main line of resistance
336:
2754:Structural and spatial
2016:Military installations
1880:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1761:
1432:
1407:
1383:
1373:Scarp and Counterscarp
1344:
1335:
1320:
1287:
1273:
1244:
1215:
1206:
1182:
1143:
948:
929:
847:
796:
787:
743:
734:
725:
662:
648:
639:
585:
544:
531:
522:
513:
499:
459:
445:
381:
372:
363:
354:
345:
327:
253:Motoo, Hinago (1986).
194:Shin-meikai-koku-jiten
48:
35:
2234:Japanese architecture
1785:Floating water castle
1516:Admiralty scaffolding
809:Fortified buildings (
91:drumming from atop a
41:
24:
2290:Imperial Crown Style
2128:Subterranean warfare
1081:Viking ring fortress
121:English-derived word
3393:Metabolist Movement
1945:Quadrangular castle
1681:Weapon storage area
1037:Quadrangular castle
3475:National Treasures
3290:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
1676:Underground hangar
1461:Fire control tower
1258:Gunpowder magazine
686:Butter-churn tower
211:2007-08-11 at the
112:) storehouses (倉,
77:is often called a
73:tower erected for
49:
36:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
2849:Nightingale floor
2773:Disordered piling
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2505:Types of building
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2199:
2198:
2123:Military urbanism
2057:Fortified gateway
1930:Concentric castle
1694:
1693:
1611:Fire support base
1451:Coastal artillery
1326:(Spanish America)
920:
762:Concentric castle
3545:
3528:Castles in Japan
3503:Other structures
3406:
3405:
2567:
2566:
2509:
2508:
2494:
2338:
2337:
2245:
2244:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2072:National redoubt
2001:Fortified estate
1925:Circular rampart
1885:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1766:
1526:Anti-tank trench
1521:Air raid shelter
1496:
1456:Disappearing gun
1437:
1412:
1388:
1349:
1340:
1325:
1301:
1292:
1278:
1249:
1220:
1211:
1187:
1148:
1133:
1132:
1111:
1091:Bailey (or ward)
1057:
962:Motte-and-bailey
953:
934:
918:
910:
909:
875:
866:
852:
801:
792:
748:
739:
730:
721:
667:
653:
644:
590:
547:
536:
527:
518:
504:
464:
450:
390:Circular rampart
386:
377:
368:
359:
350:
341:
332:
296:
289:
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273:
272:
268:
255:Japanese Castles
242:
215:
203:
197:
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185:
172:
166:
160:
64:
62:
61:
29:Hitojichi-yagura
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3533:Towers in Japan
3518:
3517:
3516:
3507:
3469:
3425:Japanese garden
3397:
3371:
3323:
3282:Outdoor objects
3277:
3194:
3085:
3027:
2937:
2923:
2749:
2704:
2632:
2558:
2500:
2495:
2478:
2430:
2329:
2236:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2179:
2171:
2101:
2025:
1969:
1903:
1838:Imperial castle
1811:Coercion castle
1806:Coastal defence
1789:
1751:Promontory fort
1721:Hillside castle
1690:
1606:Fallout shelter
1571:Concertina wire
1551:Border security
1504:
1415:
1124:
757:Coercion castle
745:Cheval de frise
727:Chemin de ronde
575:Albarrana tower
556:
501:Schwedenschanze
478:Promontory fort
305:
300:
265:
239:
223:
218:
213:Wayback Machine
204:
200:
192:
188:
173:
169:
161:
157:
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136:
105:
67:Japanese castle
56:
46:Tatsumi-yagura
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3512:
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3460:
3453:
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3409:
3403:
3402:Related topics
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2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2793:Irimoya-zukuri
2789:
2782:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2761:Burdock piling
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2685:Shichidō garan
2681:
2676:
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2657:
2650:
2642:
2640:
2634:
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2214:
2206:
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2196:
2194:
2193:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2155:Trench warfare
2152:
2150:Tunnel warfare
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
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2102:
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2049:
2044:
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2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Fortifications
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
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1858:
1849:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1816:Counter-castle
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Border barrier
1797:
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1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Lowland castle
1733:
1728:
1726:Hilltop castle
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
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1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Electric fence
1598:
1593:
1591:Dragon's teeth
1588:
1586:Czech hedgehog
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1500:Wire obstacles
1497:
1488:
1486:Polygonal fort
1483:
1478:
1476:Martello tower
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Border outpost
1438:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1327:
1317:
1315:Polygonal fort
1312:
1307:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
945:
940:
935:
926:
921:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
867:
858:
853:
844:
839:
834:
827:
822:
807:
805:Flanking tower
802:
793:
784:
779:
774:
772:Counter-castle
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
659:
654:
645:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
582:
577:
572:
566:
564:
562:Post-classical
558:
557:
555:
554:
552:Vitrified fort
549:
537:
528:
519:
510:
505:
496:
491:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
456:
451:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
410:Defensive wall
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
378:
369:
360:
351:
342:
333:
324:
319:
313:
311:
307:
306:
303:Fortifications
299:
298:
291:
284:
276:
270:
269:
263:
250:
243:
238:978-9492722300
237:
222:
219:
217:
216:
198:
186:
167:
154:
152:
149:
135:
132:
126:(タワー) and not
104:
101:
99:competitions.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3550:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:Organizations
3374:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2621:Shinto shrine
2619:
2617:
2616:
2615:Setsumatsusha
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:Himeji Castle
2493:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:Urban warfare
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Civil defense
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Bastion forts
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:Z-plan castle
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:L-plan castle
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Bridge castle
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Refuge castle
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Military base
1868:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Hunting lodge
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Moated castle
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:Island castle
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:By topography
1697:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Submarine pen
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Hesco bastion
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Blast shelter
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Place-of-arms
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
952:
951:
946:
944:
943:Machicolation
941:
939:
938:L-plan castle
936:
933:
932:
927:
925:
922:
917:
916:
908:
907:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
868:
865:
864:
859:
857:
854:
851:
850:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
806:
803:
800:
799:
794:
791:
790:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
747:
746:
741:
738:
737:
732:
729:
728:
723:
720:
719:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
671:Bridge castle
669:
666:
665:
660:
658:
655:
652:
651:
646:
643:
642:
637:
635:
634:Bent entrance
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:Battery tower
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
588:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:Advanced work
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
553:
550:
546:
541:
538:
535:
534:
529:
526:
525:
520:
517:
516:
511:
509:
506:
503:
502:
497:
495:
494:Refuge castle
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
463:
462:
457:
455:
452:
449:
448:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
385:
384:
379:
376:
375:
370:
367:
366:
361:
358:
357:
352:
349:
348:
343:
340:
339:
334:
331:
330:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
312:
308:
304:
297:
292:
290:
285:
283:
278:
277:
274:
266:
264:0-87011-766-1
260:
256:
251:
248:
244:
240:
234:
230:
225:
224:
214:
210:
207:
202:
195:
190:
184:
183:4-7674-2015-6
180:
176:
171:
164:
159:
155:
148:
144:
142:
134:Castle towers
131:
129:
125:
122:
117:
115:
111:
100:
98:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
55:
54:
47:
44:
40:
34:
30:
27:
23:
19:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3417:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:Measurements
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3078:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3019:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2841:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2765:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2625:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2232:Elements of
2183:
2138:Siege engine
2106:Other topics
2030:Related word
1996:Defense line
1960:Tower castle
1915:Bastion fort
1899:Urban castle
1827:Ganerbenburg
1825:
1780:Water castle
1756:Ridge castle
1741:Marsh castle
1556:Bomb shelter
1536:Belgian gate
1509:20th century
1420:19th century
1358:Retrenchment
1330:Punji sticks
1239:Entrenchment
1234:Device Forts
1201:Counterguard
1136:Early modern
1107:
1066:Tower castle
1002:Powder tower
977:Outer bailey
889:Inner bailey
863:Gulyay-gorod
831:Ganerbenburg
829:
825:Fujian tulou
767:Corner tower
706:Chamber gate
676:Bridge tower
524:Trou de loup
254:
246:
228:
201:
193:
189:
174:
170:
162:
158:
145:
137:
127:
123:
118:
113:
109:
106:
92:
86:
83:Yagura-daiko
82:
78:
75:Bon Festival
52:
51:
50:
45:
32:
28:
26:Funai Castle
18:
3090:Furnishings
2717:Roof styles
2037:Castle town
1894:Toll castle
1863:Lustschloss
1845:Kaiserpfalz
1775:Spur castle
1770:Rock castle
1711:Hill castle
1706:Cave castle
1666:Spider hole
1566:Bremer wall
1531:Barbed tape
1427:Barbed wire
1101:Witch tower
1071:Tower house
1061:Toll castle
1047:Shield wall
967:Murder hole
856:Guard tower
473:Pincer gate
420:Faussebraye
3522:Categories
3488:Residences
3429:rock (Zen)
3200:Partitions
2934:Approaches
2445:Daibutsuyō
2383:Ishi-no-ma
2062:Gatekeeper
1882:Ordensburg
1854:Landesburg
1661:Sentry gun
1616:Flak tower
1546:Blast wall
1466:Gun turret
1363:Sally port
1268:Kotta mara
1208:Couvreface
1172:Breastwork
1167:Blockhouse
1145:Abwurfdach
1096:Watchtower
1086:Wall tower
1042:Shell keep
992:Portcullis
987:Peel tower
972:Neck ditch
931:Landesburg
879:Half tower
837:Gate tower
782:Drawbridge
624:Battlement
540:Wagon fort
383:Chengqiang
221:Literature
151:References
43:Edo Castle
3457:Wabi-sabi
3304:Ishigantō
3112:Emakimono
3047:Daidokoro
3040:Chashitsu
3021:Mihashira
2855:Onigawara
2835:Nakazonae
2674:Main Hall
2661:Hōkyōintō
2563:Religious
2525:Chashitsu
2496:Model of
2452:Ōbaku Zen
2418:Sumiyoshi
2365:Hiyoshi (
2334:Religious
2165:Guerrilla
1908:By design
1656:Revetment
1471:Land mine
1402:Star fort
1229:Crownwork
1224:Covertway
1157:Barricade
798:Embrasure
711:Chartaque
641:Bergfried
599:Arrowslit
425:Gatehouse
395:City gate
356:Castellum
322:Acropolis
103:Etymology
71:bandstand
3272:Tsuitate
3161:Mitamaya
3147:Kamidana
3133:Getabako
3105:Chabudai
3098:Butsudan
3080:Washitsu
2911:Tsumairi
2897:Tokonoma
2876:Tamagaki
2814:Katsuogi
2807:Katōmado
2737:Karahafu
2647:Butsuden
2638:Buddhist
2473:Zenshūyō
2459:Setchūyō
2436:Buddhist
2358:Hachiman
2190:Category
2180:See also
2067:Loophole
1955:Ringwork
1950:Ringfort
1875:Obstacle
1716:Hillfort
1636:Loophole
1434:Barbette
1409:Tenaille
1392:Sea fort
1322:Presidio
1282:Magazine
1263:Hornwork
1196:Cavalier
1191:Casemate
1184:Caponier
1027:Ringwork
915:Detinets
884:Hoarding
789:Enceinte
664:Bretèche
609:Bartizan
604:Barbican
580:Alcazaba
508:Stockade
488:Ringfort
468:Palisade
440:Landwehr
435:Hillfort
209:Archived
3498:Temples
3493:Shrines
3483:Castles
3427: (
3311:Komainu
3297:Giboshi
3254: (
3244:Shitomi
3223:Jinmaku
3182:Zabuton
3168:Oshiire
3154:Kotatsu
3074:Toilets
3018: (
2973:Nijūmon
2959:Karamon
2786:Hisashi
2744:Mokoshi
2730:Irimoya
2539:Machiya
2512:Secular
2411:Shinmei
2397:Kibitsu
2376:Irimoya
2351:Azekura
2310:Shinden
2284:Hirairi
2256:Azekura
2248:Secular
2097:Vedette
2087:Schloss
2052:Festung
2047:Dungeon
2042:Château
1986:Castles
1794:By role
1651:Pillbox
1481:Outpost
1397:Station
1385:Schanze
1368:Sandbag
1353:Redoubt
1337:Ravelin
1305:Palanka
1289:Orillon
1275:Lunette
1217:Coupure
1162:Bastion
1152:Arsenal
1120:Zwinger
1032:Roundel
1022:Ricetto
997:Postern
982:Outwork
906:Kremlin
777:Curtain
752:Citadel
736:Chemise
696:Caltrop
614:Bastion
587:Alcázar
483:Rampart
461:Oppidum
454:Nuraghe
400:Crannog
374:Castros
310:Ancient
33:honmaru
3443:Ryokan
3436:Kumiko
3265:Sudare
3216:Fusuma
3140:Kamado
3054:Mizuya
3001:Sanmon
2980:Niōmon
2945:Genkan
2890:Tenshu
2883:Tatami
2842:Namako
2821:Kuruwa
2779:Engawa
2724:Hidden
2699:Tahōtō
2679:Pagoda
2601:Honden
2594:Hokora
2587:Heiden
2580:Haiden
2571:Shinto
2553:Yagura
2519:Castle
2425:Taisha
2404:Nagare
2390:Kasuga
2342:Shinto
2324:Sukiya
2296:Jutaku
2277:Giyōfū
2270:Gassho
2241:Styles
2092:Trench
2082:Picket
1493:Sangar
1446:Bunker
1378:Sconce
1298:Ostrog
1246:Flèche
1129:Modern
1108:Yagura
1076:Turret
1012:Reduit
950:Merlon
894:Kasbah
872:Gusuku
849:Glacis
842:Gabion
811:church
718:Chashi
701:Castle
545:Laager
533:Vallum
490:(Rath)
365:Castra
347:Burgus
317:Abatis
261:
235:
181:
163:Kojien
141:daimyō
128:yagura
93:yagura
79:yagura
53:Yagura
3450:Sentō
3359:Shaku
3257:washi
3251:Shōji
3237:Noren
3230:Kichō
3209:Byōbu
3175:Tansu
3126:Futon
3068:Shoin
3061:Nando
3032:Rooms
3015:Torii
3008:Sōmon
2994:Sandō
2987:Rōmon
2952:Kairō
2931:Gates
2918:Shibi
2904:Tokyō
2869:Sōrin
2862:Ranma
2800:Irori
2767:Chigi
2692:Shōrō
2668:Kyōzō
2627:Torii
2608:Kofun
2546:Minka
2317:Shoin
2303:Omoya
2133:Siege
2077:Palas
2021:Walls
2011:Forts
1974:Lists
1821:Fence
1763:Rocca
1631:Kabal
1346:Redan
1253:Gorge
1177:Canal
1054:Shiro
1017:Ribat
1007:Qalat
819:Dzong
815:house
515:Sudis
447:Limes
405:Ditch
338:Broch
329:Agger
88:taiko
60:櫓, 矢倉
3464:Yabo
3345:Koku
3318:Tōrō
3189:Zafu
3119:Furo
2844:wall
2828:Moya
2532:Kura
2466:Wayō
2263:Buke
2143:list
1561:Buoy
1115:Yett
957:Moat
924:Ksar
899:Keep
691:Caer
681:Burh
657:Boom
650:Berm
629:Bawn
594:Amba
430:Gord
259:ISBN
233:ISBN
179:ISBN
124:tawā
114:kura
97:sumo
3419:Iki
3366:Sun
3338:Ken
2966:Mon
2367:Hie
415:Dun
3524::
3352:Ri
2654:Dō
2182::
817:,
813:,
130:.
110:ya
3431:)
3260:)
3024:)
2369:)
2225:e
2218:t
2211:v
919:)
911:(
821:)
548:)
542:(
295:e
288:t
281:v
267:.
241:.
85:(
63:)
57:(
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