214:). The siege lasted two years before it came to a dramatic end. Zhao conspired with the Han and Wei rulers so that Xiangzi was betrayed by his own allies and defeated. Zhao decapitated Zhi Yao and massacred his entire family of over 200 members. After the fall of the Zhi clan, no vassals in Jin could once again match the power of the Zhao, Han, and Wei clans. The Duke of Jin was consequently only a figurehead rather than the ruler of the Jin state. This eventually led to the
303:. In 457 BC, he claimed lands from the Han, Wei and Zhao clans. Unexpectedly, Xiangzi of Zhao defiantly refused Zhi's request. Xiangzi of Zhi was enraged by Zhao's response to him. He led his troops in a march into Zhao's territory with the help of troops from the Han and Wei clans. Xiangzi of Zhao, upon seeing this strong army approach, decided to retreat to Jinyang.
271:
because Zhi believed in his own power. In 468 BC, Xiangzi of Zhi invaded the state of Zheng. Zheng's retainer Sihong then asked Qi for reinforcements. With the intervention of Qi, Zhi had to abandon his plan of invading Zheng. In 464 BC, Zhi once more entered Zheng's realm with troops from the Zhi
291:
and the
Zhonghang. Zhi took most of the Fan and Zhonghang fiefs with the result that he rose in influence to the top of Jin's court. The Zhao clan, which had been in control of the Jin court before Zhi's sudden rise, was pushed out. At a subsequent banquet, Xiangzi of Zhi and Xiangzi of Zhao met.
314:
Xiangzi of Zhi was pleased with the situation facing Zhao. He told Kangzi of Han and Huanzi of Wei that "At first, I did not know water can exterminate a nation, now I know." Kangzi and Huanzi were concerned by
Xiangzi's words because they saw themselves facing a similar situation to Zhao's
326:
led the attack on Zhi. Xiangzi of Zhi was captured and decapitated. His skull was used as Zhao's wine cup as a symbol of the glorious victory. Every member of the Zhi clan was killed by Zhao. The battle marked the end of the Zhi clan and the beginning of the
209:
to cede their lands to the Zhi clan. Han and Wei complied. But Zhao refused to give lands to the Zhi clan. In response to Zhao's refusal, Xiangzi led his army, along with armies from Han and Wei, in laying siege to the Zhao capital
Jinyang (modern
318:
In the meatime, Zhao sent his strategist, Zhang
Mengtan, to seek to influence the Han and Wei clans. Mengtan identified the concerns that the Han and Wei rulers had: Zhi would eventually turn against Han and Wei once Zhao was destroyed.
241:
When choosing
Xiangzi as his successor, Xuanzi of Zhi was warned by his clansman Zhi Guo who believed that Xiangzi's personality did not fit the qualities of a ruler. However, Xuanzi dismissed Guo's opinion.
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In 453 BC, Xiangzi of Zhi organised the diversion of the Fen River to flow into
Jinyang where Zhao was based. As a consequence, Zhao's capital was flooded and its army and people starved.
528:
322:
Later in the year, Zhao's army destroyed the dam which controlled the water diversion. Han and Wei then betrayed Zhi and surrounded the Zhi army.
205:
Zhi Yao's dramatic death was a significant event in
Chinese history. As the dominant vassal state, he asked Kangzi of Han, Huanzi of Wei and
296:, Zhi slapped Zhao's head. This insult offended Zhao's retainers deeply but also strengthened Zhao's resolve to deal with Zhi.
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and the establishment of Han, Zhao and Wei as independent states acknowledged by the
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287:. He attacked and exterminated two of the major clans of Jin: the
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249:'s rule, Xiangzi led his army in an invasion of the state of
253:. He managed to defeat Qi's troops in the battle of Liqiu.
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and Zhao clans. Sihong organised resistance against them.
267:, it is said that Xiangzi of Zhi resented the oracles of
27:
Prime minister of the
Chinese state of Jin (died 453 BCE)
299:Xiangzi then conquered the vassal state, Qiuyou of
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225:This event is considered to mark the end of the
194:. He was the son of Zhi Shen. He was the last
186:), was the ruler of Zhi, a vassal state of
347:
354:. Algora Publishing. pp. 131–133.
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14:
563:
351:The Book of War: From Chinese History
275:In 458 BC, Zhi united the armies of
420:. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2006. p. 764.
198:(Prime Minister) of Jin before its
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25:
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292:According to Han dynasty scholar
257:recorded this battle in his work
407:Zuo Zhuan, Duke Ai, 27th year of
465:
462:見《戰國策·秦策四》「始，吾不知水之可亡人之國也，乃今知之」
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245:In 472 BC, the third year of
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475:. Shanghai: 上海古籍出版社. 2015.
453:·趙世家》載：“城不浸者三版，城中懸釜而炊，易子而食”
30:For the Buddhist monk, see
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229:and the beginning of the
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227:Spring and Autumn period
192:Spring and Autumn period
515:House of Zhi destroyed
547:475 BC – 453 BC
315:predicament one day.
576:Zhou dynasty nobility
231:Warring States period
581:Zhongjunjiang of Jin
307:Fall of the Zhi clan
95:Given name: Yáo (瑤)
521:Political offices
348:Long Tang (2017).
172:posthumously known
45:Leader of Zhi clan
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550:Succeeded by
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16:(Redirected from
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503:Preceded by
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216:Partition of Jin
190:during the late
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207:Xiangzi of Zhao
101:Posthumous name
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387:. 中华书局. 2009.
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32:Zhi Yao (monk)
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18:Xiangzi of Zhi
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571:453 BC deaths
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538:Zhongjunjiang
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510:House of Zhi
505:Zhi Shen (知申)
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87:Lineage name
473:Zhan Guo Ce
255:Zuo Qiuming
176:Zhi Xiangzi
565:Categories
440:見《國語·晉語九》。
385:春秋左传注（全四册）
374:見《資治通鑑》卷一。
335:References
237:Ascendance
89:: Zhì (知)
553:Zhao Wuxu
529:Zhao Yang
301:Zhongshan
265:Zuo Zhuan
263:. In the
260:Zuo Zhuan
222:ruler.
200:partition
160:Zhi Boyao
107:Xiāng (襄)
129:Zhi Shen
84:: Zǐ (子)
269:I Ching
212:Taiyuan
180:Chinese
164:Chinese
152:Chinese
148:Xun Yao
140:Chinese
136:Zhi Yao
93:Xún (荀)
67:Zhi Yan
57:453 BCE
40:Zhi Yao
479:
424:
391:
358:
294:Liu An
182::
166::
158:), or
154::
142::
126:Father
117:House
76:Names
63:Issue
531:(趙鞅)
477:ISBN
422:ISBN
389:ISBN
356:ISBN
283:and
281:Zhao
54:Died
543:Jin
541:of
418:淮南子
289:Fan
285:Wei
277:Han
233:.
188:Jin
184:知襄子
174:as
170:),
168:知伯瑤
146:),
121:Zhi
567::
451:史記
331:.
279:,
251:Qi
202:.
156:荀瑤
144:知瑤
91:or
485:.
449:《
430:.
397:.
364:.
178:(
162:(
150:(
138:(
34:.
20:)
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