105:
upset the audience, a tactic referred to as "porn against porn." However, by the late 1980s, the leadership of the Women's Front concluded that screening pornography was harmful to the women depicted in the films and morally indefensible. They also believed that the organization's stance on pornography had become too narrow and puritanical and that the organization should not oppose milder forms of erotica. This new direction led to significant conflicts, and around 30 participants left the Women's Front's national meeting in 1991 in protest against the decisions made. The dissenting faction, which believed that screening porn was an effective form of protest and opposed the relaxation of what was considered pornography, broke away and formed the Women's Group Ottar.
113:, also nicknamed "Ottar." The groups emphasized a flat structure and were skeptical of formal and hierarchical organization, with individual groups being autonomous and collaborating sporadically in the early years. Only in 2006 did Kvinnegruppa Ottar adopt a more formal structure with national meetings and a directly elected national board. In 2012, Ottar started the campaign "Stop Porn Culture" as a Norwegian branch of the American organization Stop Porn Culture, which was founded by
224:
752:
Plan
International mener at alle mennesker må få oppfylt de samme rettighetene uavhengig av kjønn, seksuell legning, etnisk tilhørighet, kjønnsidentitet eller religion. Plan er ekstra oppmerksomme på grupper som kan være spesielt marginaliserte. Vi har tidligere i dag blitt gjort oppmerksomme på Kari
311:
Ottar has also received some criticism from more hardline anti-trans activists, who have accused Ottar of not being sufficiently anti-trans, and demanded that they make the struggle against transgender people a main priority. Former Ottar board member Anne Kalvig has strongly criticized Ottar and the
291:
e.g. in bathrooms. Feminists Anna-Sabina Soggiu and
Susanne Demou criticized the radical feminist organizations for fostering "fabricated issues and threat scenarios" about transgender people. Women's Front board member Natasha Alijeva stated that "it is undignified when the women's movement spreads
177:
has represented Ottar in several debates. In 2016 Jaquesson was criticized, e.g. by the Red Youth, for asking other women to "suck cock ten times a day." Ottar defended
Jaquesson, stating that she is "politically solidly founded in Ottar's radical feminism." A survey by YouGov found that the public
307:
within their ranks and for their links to WDI, and called upon them to clearly distance themselves from WDI. In response, the Women's Front called WDI "transphobes, racists and sexists." The Red Youth said that "if the women's movement allows transphobes in disguise as feminists, at the expense of
108:
They formed loosely organized groups with different names: the first breakaway group formed the original
Kvinnegruppa Ottar in Stavanger, while breakaway groups from Oslo and Bergen formed Kvinnegruppa Oslo Øst and Kvinneaktivistene. From 1993, they united under the name Kvinnegruppa Ottar, named
214:
At the parole meeting for 8 March in Oslo in 2024, Martine Votvik, who was the leader of
Kvinnegruppa Ottar in Oslo until 2024, referred to a Jewish woman attending the meeting as a "Zionist pig". The statement was reported to the police as a hate speech incident, but the case was dismissed. The
104:
The specific split was triggered by disagreements over methods of protest in the fight against pornography and what should be considered pornography. Since the 1970s, the Women's Front had used the public screening of pornographic films as a form of protest, with the idea that it would shock and
278:
constitutes a "hate campaign" against feminists. While some Ottar members have used the term as a self-description, Stø has claimed that the term trans-exclusionary radical feminism (TERF) is a "slur" that "aims to exclude feminists from public debate, by accusing us of promoting hatred against
190:
stated that
Jaquesson's views were contrary to Plan's values and described Jaquesson's statements as "severe harassment," noting that "Plan International believes that all people must have the same rights regardless of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender identity, or religion."
80:
of trans women by publishing pre-transition photos of them. Ottar has previously declared
Jaquesson to be "politically solidly founded in Ottar's radical feminism." In 2024 Ottar faced strong criticism when the chair of its largest chapter referred to a Jewish woman as a
35:
women's organization founded in 1991. It has its historical roots in the
Norwegian Marxist-Leninist movement of the 1970s and has been described as the most radical women's organization and "a final offshoot of 70s feminism". Ottar began as an offshoot of the
215:
dismissal was criticized by the Jewish community. Following the "Zionist pig" incident at the parole meeting, Jewish women experienced being shouted at with "no
Zionists in our streets" and were prevented from participating in the event by the organizers.
48:(WDI) Norway and Kvinneaktivistene. The Women's Front described WDI as "transphobes." While mainly focused on combating pornography and prostitution from a radical feminist perspective, Ottar has also faced criticism from the
308:
trans women, it is working against its own cause." In 2022, Ottar and the Women's Front were criticized for proposing that non-binary people be stripped of their voting rights at the parole meeting for the 8 March march.
753:
Jaquessons uttalelser mot en mednominert som vi ser på som grov hets. På grunn av dette fjerner vi nå nominasjonen av Kari
Jaquesson, sier Kari Helene Partapuoli, generalsekretær i Plan International Norge.
324:
Full membership with voting rights is only for women. Ottar has clarified that Kvinnegruppa Ottar's concept of women includes trans women, and that trans women can therefore be full members.
157:
community." Daisy Sælen Hafstad and Vegard Rødseth Tokheim described Ottar's statements about Fri and queer people as "hate speech and conspiracy theories." On behalf of Ottar, Ane Stø and
545:
518:
436:[Frightening attitudes towards transgender people from Norwegian TERF feminists: Jaquesson, Stø, and Gjevjon generously contribute to fueling the fire of prejudice].
739:
251:
Ottar has been critical of the third wave of feminism that also emerged in the 1990s. In the debate on gender diversity, the group has often positioned itself against
888:
287:(WDI), with FiLiA stating that "the Radical Feminist Activist group Ottar have been incredibly supportive to FiLiA over the years". Ottar has promoted the idea that
714:
187:
267:
of individual trans women, publishing pre-transition photographs. She has also accused individual trans people of being sexual predators. Minister of Equality
150:
133:
Kvinnegruppa Ottar is particularly focused on pornography and prostitution. In public debates, the group has strongly criticized organizations like the
101:. In 1991, the most radical and anti-pornography faction broke away from the Women's Front after disputes over views on pornography and prostitution.
986:
279:
transgender people and demanding that society must be protected from our beliefs." For several years, Ottar has participated in the gender-critical
434:"Skremmende holdninger mot transpersoner fra norske TERF-feminister: Jaquesson, Stø og Gjevjon bidrar raust med å helle bensin på fordommenes bål"
845:
433:
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765:
145:, the secretary-general of the Norwegian Humanist Association, described Ottar's claims as unworthy of serious attention. Ottar has accused
263:, has stated publicly that she considers herself to be a TERF and insisted that "a man can never become a woman". Jaquesson has engaged in
165:
to the police in 2015 for airing a comedy sketch where a "porn actress" had parodied Jaquesson. The report was dismissed as baseless.
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303:. The secretary of the Red Party, Benedikte Pryneid Hansen, criticized Ottar and the Women's Front for remaining silent about
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has represented Ottar in public debates for several years, and has said publicly that she considers herself to be a
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condemned Jaquesson's statements, stating that "trans people are subjected to hate, violence, and harassment."
134:
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125:(WDI) Norway and Kvinneaktivistene, with a degree of overlap in membership with Ottar and the Women's Front.
935:
1052:
917:
864:"Transpersonen Eirik Elin Stillingen føler seg hengt ut som overgriper på Facebook av Kari Jaquesson"
619:
316:, and has been particularly critical of the Women's Front for labeling her group WDI as transphobes.
590:
497:
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644:
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766:"Arendalsuka: "Trans-trusselen": – Det er ikke de utsatte minoritetsgruppene som skal ta kampen"
40:, and later, it splintered again, resulting in the creation of two new groups with explicitly
1096:
333:
138:
1013:
259:(or TERF ideology). Ottar's most widely known member for several years, conspiracy theorist
1050:
Rogers, Baker A. (2023). "TERFs aren't feminists: lesbians stand against trans exclusion".
110:
402:
8:
863:
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41:
24:
1081:
1069:
459:[Feminist with a Jewish background called 'Zionist pig' at 8 March meeting].
408:
376:
889:"Helleland ut mot Jaquesson: - Transpersoner utsettes for hat, vold og trakassering"
808:
186:. In 2019, Jaquesson was removed from the nominations for Plan Norway's Girl Award.
93:
The Women's Group Ottar has its historical roots in the Norwegian Marxist-Leninist (
1061:
519:"Jaquesson delte privat bilde av transperson uten tillatelse: – Fy fader så nedrig"
208:
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32:
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244:
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survey found that the public figures viewed most negatively by Norwegians were
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715:"Etter ett år med korona er nordmenn spesielt positive til disse kjendisene"
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of working for prostitution as "a nice way to recruit young men into the
61:
564:[This is how the police concluded in the 'Zionist pig' affair].
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fear about a vulnerable minority." Ottar has also objected to the term "
118:
114:
77:
57:
223:
293:
82:
740:"Plan fjerner nominasjonen av Kari Jaquesson til Jenteprisen 2019"
264:
73:
457:"Feminist med jødisk bakgrunn kalt «sionistsvin» på 8. marsmøte"
846:"«Vi kan ikkje lenger vere tause og feige mot antisemittismen»"
296:," which Rogers describes as a common theme in TERF discourse.
236:
199:
Some prominent members of Ottar have been accused of promoting
94:
987:"– Er det virkelig hit vi har kommet i Oslos kvinnebevegelse?"
939:
546:
Rød Ungdoms rolle i debatten om parolemøtet i 8. marskomiteen
280:
146:
56:, LGBT+ rights groups and others for promoting or tolerating
962:"Det brenner på alle kanter i debatten rundt transpersoner"
252:
64:
views within its ranks, and some prominent members such as
1146:
828:"Skrek «Ingen sionister i våre gater»: – Jeg blir skremt"
162:
154:
299:
Ottar has received criticism from the Red Party and the
255:
rights organizations and several members have supported
1097:"Nå koseprater Gjevjon med ABB-støttespiller Slåttavik"
72:(TERF), declared themselves to be TERFs and engaged in
699:
Mener 8. mars-møtene er «de kjipeste debattene» i året
645:"Samarbeid mellom prostituerte og skeive blir tettere"
173:
Conspiracy theorist and former television personality
151:
Norwegian Organisation for Sexual and Gender Diversity
141:, linking them to an alleged "prostitution industry."
274:
Ottar's leader Ane Stø has claimed that criticism of
1143:"– Opprør før kvinnedagen: Berre kvinner får stemme"
593:[Are Jews protected by the criminal code?].
562:"Slik har politiet konkludert i «sionistsvin»-saken"
809:"«Den organiserte venstresida gjør lurt i å lytte»"
663:"Jaquesson anmelder NRK for brudd på sexkjøpsloven"
312:Women's Front for not actively campaigning against
1118:"Transdebatten: – Transfobi hindrer kvinnekampen"
178:figures viewed most negatively by Norwegians were
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1184:
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117:. In the 2020s, two breakaway groups focused on
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826:Hammerstad, Bjørn Olav (7 February 2024).
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500:[A man can never become a woman].
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682:"Politiet henlegger anmeldelsen mot NRK"
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161:reported the state broadcasting company
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283:conference, which is closely linked to
16:Norwegian radical feminist organization
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680:Aas, Magnus Lutnæs (22 October 2015).
637:
580:
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1012:Natasha Alijeva (21 September 2020).
906:
591:"Er jøder beskyttet av straffeloven?"
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513:
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389:
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276:trans-exclusionary radical feminism
257:trans-exclusionary radical feminism
70:trans-exclusionary radical feminism
13:
1094:
1031:Asta Beate Håland (30 July 2018).
508:
14:
1229:
285:Women's Declaration International
123:Women's Declaration International
46:Women's Declaration International
791:"«Ingen sionister i våre gater»"
97:) movement of the 1970s and the
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1039:– via Kvinnegruppa Ottar.
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1193:Radical feminist organizations
770:Norwegian Humanist Association
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135:Norwegian Humanist Association
1:
1203:1991 establishments in Norway
1066:10.1080/10894160.2023.2252286
918:"Hatkampanjen mot feminister"
371:Erichsen, Bodil Chr. (2017).
339:
319:
7:
1095:Hansen, Benedikte Pryneid.
373:Norske kvinners liv og kamp
327:
195:Accusations of antisemitism
68:have expressed support for
10:
1234:
1053:Journal of Lesbian Studies
1016:[Bathroom panic].
498:"Mann kan ikke bli kvinne"
289:trans people pose a threat
88:
916:Stø, Ane (23 July 2018).
169:Accusations of harassment
1208:Feminism and transgender
128:
269:Linda Hofstad Helleland
121:politics were founded:
1213:Anti-Zionism in Norway
1198:Antisemitism in Norway
248:
188:Kari Helene Partapuoli
28:
1218:Transphobia in Norway
1169:"Nasjonalbiblioteket"
407:. Randaberg: Medvit.
401:Kalvig, Anne (2023).
334:Transphobia in Norway
243:, Kari Jaquesson and
226:
182:, Kari Jaquesson and
139:Amnesty International
669:. 29 September 2015.
548:, Kvinnegruppa Ottar
354:"Stille ved fronten"
227:Conspiracy theorist
111:Elise Ottesen-Jensen
211:for several years.
109:after sex educator
21:Women's Group Ottar
1033:"Kvinne, ikke cis"
795:www.aftenposten.no
620:"Useriøst, Håland"
597:. 27 February 2024
568:. 23 February 2024
463:. 21 February 2024
314:transgender rights
249:
219:Transgender people
42:trans-exclusionary
29:Kvinnegruppa Ottar
1149:. 7 February 2022
1014:"Garderobepanikk"
993:. 26 January 2022
31:) is a Norwegian
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936:"General Update"
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852:. 13 March 2024.
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496:(24 July 2018).
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33:radical feminist
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942:. 31 March 2020
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440:. 16 July 2018.
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375:. Res Publica.
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360:. 4 March 2006.
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149:people and the
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651:. 9 July 2018.
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261:Kari Jaquesson
245:Vladimir Putin
229:Kari Jaquesson
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184:Vladimir Putin
175:Kari Jaquesson
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1151:. Retrieved
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1125:. Retrieved
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1100:. Retrieved
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1060:(1): 24–43.
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1037:Klassekampen
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1018:Klassekampen
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995:. Retrieved
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624:Klassekampen
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180:Donald Trump
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18:
775:7 September
523:ABC Nyheter
305:transphobia
203:. Notably,
83:Zionist pig
62:anti-Jewish
1187:Categories
893:Nettavisen
719:Nettavisen
340:References
320:Membership
119:anti-trans
115:Gail Dines
78:harassment
58:anti-trans
44:profiles,
1173:www.nb.no
1153:5 October
1082:261608725
997:5 October
991:Vårt Oslo
868:Dagbladet
850:Vårt Land
649:Vårt Land
502:Dagbladet
438:Dagbladet
404:Kjønnstru
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