38:
2023:
267:
700:
insects, stones, to pins). Earth (soil), fire, herbs, spices, candles, oils and kitchenwares and utensils are often used for rituals, charms, spells and potions. In some instances, the ingredients of the ritual themselves determine the effects. For example, adding seawater to a boiling pot "linked" to a victim is said to cause the victim's belly to swell and ache in time with the
1186:
if through the ears and other similar cases. The resulting illness is supposedly resistant to conventional medical treatment and only reveals its true nature when the victim succumbs and flying insects issue forth from bodily cavities. In reality, it is possible a carnivorous beetle could lay eggs in
1177:
root. When the practitioner decides to employ his dark art, he performs a prayer ritual wherein he whispers instructions and identifies the victim to the beetles. The destructive insects are then set free and to seek out the victim and gain entry into the body via any bodily orifice: the nose, mouth,
699:
like hair or nail clippings. These are activated by chants, spells, or symbols (sometimes syncretized with
Christian or Muslim rituals). The sorcerer then either harms the effigy to cause corresponding harm to the victim, or physically "sends" objects into the victim's body (which can range from
605:
like hair or nail clippings. These are activated by chants, spells, or symbols (sometimes syncretized with
Christian or Muslim rituals). The sorcerer then either harms the effigy to cause corresponding harm to the victim, or physically "sends" objects into the victim's body (which can range from
1328:
can kill the caster. Other healing rituals against sorcery do not harm the caster, but instead supposedly moves them to pity and thus revoke the curse. Illnesses believed to be caused by sorcery are treated with counter-spells, simple antidotes, and physical healing. Darker forms of remedies to
1213:). They can affect not only people, but also plants, animals, and inanimate objects. They cause harm by complimenting someone or something, either unwittingly or with malevolent intent. To protect against this, people carefully avoid accepting compliments from strangers and may say the phrase "
1106:
are candle lighting rituals, scrying or tawas, recitation of spells, and concocting potions. Healer-sorcerers who practice Kulam usually justify it as a form of criminal punishment, as a widespread belief is that black magic does not work on people who are innocent. Their targets are usually
374:
and related practices, depending on the ethnic group they are associated with. Witchcraft in the
Philippines is completely different from modern Western notions of a "witch", as each ethnic group has their own definition and practices attributed to witches. In the Philippines, witches in the
780:" in English sources. These witches actually include a variety of different kinds of people with differing occupations and cultural connotations which depend on the ethnic group they are associated with. They are completely different from the Western notion of what a witch is. They include
1111:. There are also "true" sorcerers who are said to have hereditary sorcerous powers. Unlike healers, they do not consider the justice of their actions. The latter type of sorcerers are often conflated with the evil supernatural beings capable of appearing human, like
534:. There are also "true" sorcerers who are said to have hereditary sorcerous powers. Unlike healers, they do not consider the justice of their actions. The latter type of sorcerers are often conflated with the evil supernatural beings capable of appearing human, like
3702:
375:
traditional non-Westernized sense are malevolent forces who can be sought after to inflict curses on others, although in few instances, they can also bring justice when injustices occur by way of curses. The curses and other machinations of witches can be lifted by
606:
insects, stones, to pins). In some instances, the ingredients of the ritual themselves determine the effects. For example, adding seawater to a boiling pot "linked" to a victim is said to cause the victim's belly to swell and ache in time with the
379:
associated with the indigenous
Philippine folk religions. When shamans were demonized by colonizers and followers of the colonial faiths, most shamans were replaced by traditional healers influenced by the Christian or Islamic faiths.
1160:
use a strand of hair from their chosen victim and tie it to the bugs or worms which they will use as a medium. When they prick the bug, the victim immediately experiences the intended effect. The name is derived from the word
1324:(counter-spells or antidotes), which are themselves, a form of sorcery and do not usually require interaction with the spirits. They purportedly deflect the effects of the curse and return it to the caster. In extreme cases,
671:(counter-spells or antidotes), which are themselves, a form of sorcery and do not usually require interaction with the spirits. They purportedly deflect the effects of the curse and return it to the caster. In extreme cases,
525:
Filipino witches are believed to have powers that cause harm to other people covertly. Healer-sorcerers who practice this kind of sorcery usually justify it as a form of criminal punishment, as a widespread belief is that
1135:
as mainly doing only love potions and malicious curses, but more extreme depictions claim they can summon ghosts to haunt dolls, raise the dead (or at least control dead bodies), and other things related to necromancy.
660:. People accused of black magic were often subject to ostracization and in many cases, violence. This was especially true during the Spanish colonial period, where in one instance in the mid-19th century, a Filipino
1989:
1339:(Stingray's Tail) until the afflicted is forced to divulge the witch's name and confronting him or her. This is done in the belief that the one who is getting hurt is the witch and not the bewitched.
1305:
for treatment. In most cases, a healer is also a sorcerer. In order to cure or counteract sorcerous illnesses, healers must themselves know sorcery. This relationship is most apparent in
4036:
1178:
ears, anus or dermal breaks such as open sores/wounds. The victim will then feel the effects of the invasion of the insects through manifestations depending on the area of entry;
2019:
589:). Despite the differences in terminology, the methods are almost identical across the Philippine islands (and indeed, across Southeast Asia). This type of sorcery uses
999:-like supernatural entities, are sometimes considered a type of witch since they can start out as an ordinary person. They have strong powers of sorcery (particularly
2784:
1247:
is that curses are mitigated by finding the caster and bribing him or her to lift the curse. Superstitious people still attribute certain illnesses or diseases to
752:(sea creature magic). Other malevolent powers are more direct. These include the ability to kill another person instantly with magic spells, the ability to cast
2809:
1235:
is innate, and is not acquired by choice. Nor are they innately malevolent, and in most cases, they are believed to be unaware that they possess the power.
1063:
merely looking at a victim, contaminating the food of the victim with secretions, or by directly transferring their powers through touch on their deathbed.
2799:
2794:
1094:
may use a voodoo doll and a needle to cast spells on people they want to take revenge on, but largely use natural magic and superstitions similar to an
675:
can kill the caster. Other healing rituals against sorcery do not harm the caster, but instead supposedly moves them to pity and thus revoke the curse.
238:
2413:
1152:
are ordinary human beings with black magic who torture and later kill their victims by infesting their bodies with insects. They are different from
772:
There are various names for sorcerers in
Philippine ethnic groups. Most of these names have negative connotations, and thus is also translated to "
295:
248:
1817:"Tagalog-English Dictionary by Leo James English, Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, Manila, distributed by National Book Store, 1583 pages,
2011:
1098:, or witch doctor. Both can be considered witches, but the main difference is that the arbularyo is more of a doctor who heals people, while a
4097:
3646:
3559:
712:
refers to a type of beetle in
Visayan) usually employs a swarm of destructive insects, specifically carnivorous beetles. Other methods are
617:
Other malevolent powers are more direct. These include the ability to kill another person instantly with magic spells, the ability to cast
2155:
2088:
4102:
2150:
218:
190:
1317:
are notable for countering and preventing the curses and powers of witches, notably through the usage of special items and chants.
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3734:
1860:
213:
1567:
3965:
3934:
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1896:
1229:
can be recognized by having a dark tongue or by being born with teeth. Unlike the other types of "witches", the power of the
4092:
2862:
2047:
2028:
695:, a boiling pot or some other type of representation of the target victim. These are usually "linked" by including bodily
320:
288:
243:
231:
1644:
601:, a boiling pot or some other type of representation of the target victim. These are usually "linked" by including bodily
957:
1148:
is the
Bisayan version of a sorcerer/sorceress, who uses insects and spirits to enter the body of any person they hate.
4077:
4031:
3841:
3606:
2980:
2004:
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does not work on people who are innocent. Their targets are usually "wrongdoers" like thieves, adulterous spouses, or
2975:
2506:
1886:
1822:
1787:
1545:
1510:
1449:
1982:
3749:
3373:
281:
3729:
3590:
2955:
2819:
2698:
2596:
2471:
1912:
Fegan, Brian (1983). "SOME NOTES ON ALFRED McCOY, "BAYLAN: ANIMIST RELIGION AND PHILIPPINE PEASANT IDEOLOGY"".
157:
1716:
1039:, etc., depending on the form they take or the method of attack they prefer. It is generally believed that an
4087:
4082:
3815:
2992:
2591:
2423:
1997:
1956:
152:
2195:
445:
The practice of witchcraft among
Filipino ethnic groups also has unique terms. Some of these are as follow:
3630:
2536:
664:
ordered the assassination of 57 people he suspected were sorcerers casting evil spells on his sick mother.
2052:
3216:
2987:
2738:
1947:
1537:
Songs and Gifts at the
Frontier: Person and Exchange in the Agusan Manobo Possession Ritual, Philippines
4107:
3654:
2769:
2723:
2057:
1464:
Folk
Practices and Beliefs in Leyte and Samar, Richard Arens, Divine Word University Publications, 1982
319:) has been present throughout the Philippines even before Spanish colonization, and is associated with
4072:
3990:
3686:
2436:
37:
1834:
388:
Each ethnic group in the Philippines has their own terms for witches. Some of these are as follows:
4067:
4016:
3794:
3784:
3694:
3566:
2855:
653:
1742:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3810:
3622:
3574:
3361:
3243:
3035:
2262:
3892:
3876:
3866:
3825:
3820:
3678:
3670:
2774:
1491:
Encyclopedia of Philippine Folk Beliefs and Practices, F. R. Demetrio, Xavier University, 1991
1482:
Encyclopedia of Philippine Folk Beliefs and Practices, F. R. Demetrio, Xavier University, 1991
3907:
3902:
3779:
3301:
3057:
3030:
2970:
2814:
2789:
2764:
4026:
4021:
3744:
3739:
3536:
2896:
2871:
2703:
2032:
1297:(male) treats such diseases. In some rural provincial areas, people completely rely on the
29:
8:
3912:
3897:
3638:
3598:
3253:
3238:
3040:
2935:
2930:
2906:
2848:
2743:
2683:
2673:
1309:
Island, where healer-sorcerers are still common. The mananambal specialize in countering
947:
1223:) immediately after giving a compliment or receiving one. Various beliefs hold that the
705:
644:. In most cases however, accusations of this type of black magic are often borne out of
611:
3789:
3721:
2965:
2824:
2804:
2779:
2693:
2647:
2104:
1921:
1692:
1684:
1102:
is a malevolent person who tricks and curses others. The primary methods employed by a
821:
271:
1540:. Current Research in Ethnomusicology: Outstanding Dissertations Volume 4. Routledge.
4011:
3418:
3248:
3052:
2901:
2718:
2678:
2637:
2408:
2267:
2257:
2226:
1892:
1818:
1783:
1696:
1611:
1581:
1541:
1506:
1445:
833:
550:
328:
312:
1961:. Original from the New York Public Library: The University of Illinois. p. 41.
1938:
Myths of the Philippines; Gaverza, J.K., 2014, University of the Philippines Diliman
3985:
3501:
3221:
3102:
3092:
3025:
2918:
2829:
2688:
2319:
2165:
1676:
1353:
1348:
1314:
632:
Some of these purportedly sorcerous powers may be explained by the use of poisons (
376:
1667:
Gaabucayan, Samuel (1971). "The Medicine Men of Agusan in Mindanao, Philippines".
1215:
760:, the ability to "abduct" a person's soul, or the ability to send evil spirits or
625:, the ability to "abduct" a person's soul, or the ability to send evil spirits or
3955:
3311:
3211:
3107:
2657:
2632:
2357:
2190:
2160:
1572:
1535:
1439:
781:
761:
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against disliked or mistrusted members of the community, similar to the European
641:
626:
344:
195:
3496:
3541:
2997:
2377:
2367:
2134:
2129:
2119:
1966:
1000:
849:
789:
94:
1090:(/soom-PA/), which can also be translated as a "vow" or "oath" and "curse". A
4061:
4041:
3531:
3491:
3456:
3336:
2911:
2561:
2372:
2352:
2241:
1108:
805:
531:
356:
99:
4006:
3662:
3614:
3398:
3351:
3346:
3306:
3067:
2950:
2733:
2601:
2362:
2347:
1268:
1251:. This most often happens in rural areas, where an herbal doctor called an
1072:
167:
20:
3582:
3526:
3466:
3366:
3331:
3316:
3258:
3171:
3097:
3020:
2728:
2546:
2521:
2382:
2221:
2175:
2124:
2022:
1335:
1179:
1128:
1119:
1082:
can be considered a Filipino witch, literally meaning "a practitioner of
649:
586:
542:
527:
371:
359:
reside. Witchcraft also exists in many of the hinterlands, especially in
340:
324:
84:
3511:
1925:
1003:) that they need to maintain by feeding on humans. They are also called
3950:
3754:
3413:
3356:
3341:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3166:
3146:
2945:
2875:
2840:
2713:
2652:
2496:
2486:
2180:
2083:
1688:
1281:
1263:
1258:
657:
308:
74:
704:. This type of sorcery was documented as early as the 17th century by
610:. This type of sorcery was documented as early as the 17th century by
3446:
3228:
3206:
3156:
3151:
3129:
2642:
2606:
2581:
2541:
2476:
2441:
2342:
2231:
2200:
2185:
2170:
1276:
1253:
1207:, is a type of Visayan sorcerer that can inflict harm through words (
1095:
162:
142:
59:
3002:
1680:
1384:
1275:. This most often happens in the provinces, where an herbal doctor,
736:
4037:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
3960:
3703:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
3521:
3403:
3321:
3161:
3124:
2940:
2576:
2571:
2556:
2516:
2481:
2451:
2446:
2109:
2078:
1306:
1183:
1169:
keeps his swarm of carnivorous beetles in a bottle or a section of
873:
757:
645:
622:
549:
One of the most common kinds of black magic is a malevolent use of
367:; however, witchcraft is known and occurs anywhere in the country.
352:
332:
117:
2960:
3506:
3436:
3326:
3087:
3062:
2616:
2611:
2466:
2461:
2334:
2293:
2236:
2073:
1968:
Brujeria Pilipinas Spells & Rituals for Complementary Healing
996:
696:
602:
426:
420:
414:
408:
172:
132:
2288:
1612:"Baylan : Animist Religion and Philippine Peasant Ideology"
1358:
3516:
3471:
3441:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3296:
3279:
3274:
3201:
2586:
2551:
2456:
2398:
2205:
2114:
1888:
Demystifying Shamans and Their World: A Multidisciplinary Study
1174:
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1113:
1045:
can not be born to normal parents. They either need to have an
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984:
692:
688:
684:
661:
598:
594:
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536:
147:
137:
69:
54:
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someone it killed, and the eggs would then hatch post-mortem.
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3486:
3481:
3461:
3451:
3378:
3289:
3284:
3233:
3141:
3119:
3114:
3045:
2748:
2708:
2566:
2531:
2526:
2501:
2491:
2431:
2403:
2298:
2283:
773:
753:
730:(doll magic, using skulls or representations of the victim),
618:
364:
360:
348:
253:
127:
64:
3476:
3408:
3176:
3134:
2511:
2324:
1645:"Philippine Sorcery 101: 6 Methods and How to Counter Them"
716:(sharp magic, or induced illnesses using smaller insects),
701:
607:
336:
122:
1958:
University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature
967:(masculine and feminine forms of "witch"; Filipinized as
777:
1333:
include Albularyos whipping the bewitched person with a
951:
843:
837:
1861:"Witches in Philippines' Siquijor province are old hat"
1271:
folks still attribute certain illnesses or diseases to
1051:
parent or gain their curse through transference called
1534:
Buenconsejo, José S. (2002). Post, Jennifer C. (ed.).
1071:"Kulam" redirects here. For the 1997 Indian film, see
19:"Kulam" redirects here. For the 1997 Indian film, see
1885:
Rock, Adam J.; Krippner, Stanley (October 14, 2011).
1292:
1286:
913:
725:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
467:
461:
400:
394:
1501:
Mascuñana, Rolando V.; Mascuñana, Evelyn F. (2004),
815:
809:
1320:Sorcerous "attacks" are most commonly treated with
1127:as using either photographs or the equivalent of a
667:Sorcerous "attacks" are most commonly treated with
1500:
1107:"wrongdoers" like thieves, adulterous spouses, or
1057:. Depending on local beliefs, this can involve an
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
4059:
1780:Cebuano Sorcery: Malign Magic in the Philippines
1473:Customs of the Tagalogs, Juan de Plasencis, 1589
1983:"As I See It:Philippine mythological monsters".
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1361:or gabaa, the Cebuano concept of negative karma
3560:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
1965:Regina Cieli Estrada(Regina Cieli's Art Shop)
1518:
331:. Today, practices are said to be centered in
3647:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
2856:
2005:
1396:) means to brew or to boil . (McClenon, 1985)
1267:and helps the victim cure his or her malady.
1230:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
289:
1884:
1736:
1734:
1651:
370:In the Philippines, witches are said to use
1914:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
1616:Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society
1533:
1156:- the latter only inflict pain or illness.
16:Users of black magic in Philippine folklore
2863:
2849:
2012:
1998:
1666:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1123:. Modern popular culture also depicts the
296:
282:
1796:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1743:"The Many Faces of Filipino Folk Healers"
1740:
1731:
1710:
1708:
1706:
2870:
2033:including their mythologies and folklore
1954:
1741:De Guzman, Daniel (September 27, 2017).
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1565:
1715:Tomada, Nathalie M. (October 3, 2010).
1554:
1444:. University of the Philippines Press.
1382:refers to a type of beetle in Visayan.
1313:. As spiritual mediums and divinators,
4060:
3966:List of people executed for witchcraft
1932:
1777:
1766:
1714:
1703:
1503:The Folk Healers-Sorcerers of Siquijor
1433:
1131:. Modern popular culture also depicts
553:. This is known by various names like
3935:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
2844:
1993:
1911:
1802:
1626:
1609:
1596:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
4098:Southeast Asian traditional medicine
2029:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
1858:
1852:
1505:, REX Book Store, Inc., p. 72,
321:indigenous Philippine folk religions
244:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
1859:Haas, Benjamin (October 30, 2011).
1437:
327:, specifically a malevolent use of
13:
4032:Left-hand path and right-hand path
3607:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
1974:
1782:. University of California Press.
1410:
748:, means to brew or to boil ), and
36:
14:
4119:
4103:Superstitions of the Philippines
2021:
767:
265:
1905:
1878:
1827:
1811:
1807:, Omar Publications, p. 16
1778:Lieban, Richard Warren (1977).
1757:
764:to possess or harm the victim.
629:to possess or harm the victim.
3730:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
3591:Summis desiderantes affectibus
2699:Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1372:
1139:
1066:
520:
383:
355:, where many of the country's
1:
2304:Witchcraft in the Philippines
1441:Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam
1403:
1257:, diagnoses a victim using a
3735:accusations against children
3631:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
1293:
1287:
952:
914:
844:
838:
816:
810:
726:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
427:
421:
415:
409:
7:
4093:Religion in the Philippines
2739:Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang
1836:Mambabarang and Mangkukulam
1342:
1238:
468:
462:
401:
395:
10:
4124:
3655:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
2770:Philippine folk literature
1985:Philippine Daily Inquirer.
1805:Witchcraft, Filipino-style
1580:(9): 37â41. Archived from
1070:
982:
678:
249:Shrines and sacred grounds
18:
4078:Austronesian spirituality
3999:
3978:
3943:
3927:
3885:
3834:
3803:
3772:
3763:
3720:
3713:
3687:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
3550:
3427:
3267:
3080:
3013:
2889:
2882:
2757:
2666:
2625:
2422:
2391:
2333:
2312:
2276:
2250:
2214:
2143:
2097:
2066:
2040:
1190:
1173:, carefully feeding them
978:
4017:Christian views on magic
3695:The Discovery of Witches
3567:Directorium Inquisitorum
2144:Epic and folklore heroes
1566:McClenon, James (1985).
1438:Tan, Michael L. (2008).
1365:
323:. Its practice involves
3623:De praestigiis daemonum
3575:De maleficis mulieribus
2263:Battle of Dolores River
1980:Neal Cruz (2008-10-31)
1231:
1225:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1086:". A curse is called a
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
316:
3679:Compendium Maleficarum
3671:Magical Investigations
3562:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
2785:Kapampangan literature
2775:Philippine epic poetry
1891:. Andrews UK Limited.
1669:Asian Folklore Studies
1610:McCoy, Alfred (1982).
1388:(sometimes written as
956:. Other terms are the
272:Philippines portal
219:Mythological creatures
41:
3302:Cloak of invisibility
3058:Solitary practitioner
2971:Witch-cult hypothesis
2815:Pangasinan literature
2790:Hiligaynon literature
2765:Philippine literature
1584:on September 17, 2019
1568:"Island of Sorcerers"
1279:or a faith healer, a
1182:if through the anus,
740:sometimes written as
40:
4088:Philippine mythology
4083:Magic (supernatural)
4022:Magical organization
3537:Witches of Benevento
1745:. The Aswang Project
1647:. September 5, 2019.
1243:A typical belief of
1201:, also known as the
214:Mythological figures
30:Philippine mythology
3639:Newes from Scotland
3599:Malleus Maleficarum
2976:Anglo-Saxon England
2810:Mindanao literature
2744:The Mythology Class
2684:Ang Mahiwagang Baul
2196:Malakas and Maganda
1803:Anima, Nid (1978),
1717:"Mystical Siquijor"
708:. Barang (the term
32:
3991:Witches in fiction
3979:In popular culture
3553:historic treatises
2825:Tagbanwa mythology
2820:Tagalog literature
2805:Ilokano literature
2780:Cebuano literature
2648:Hudhud hi Aliguyon
2424:Mythical creatures
42:
28:
4108:Visayan mythology
4055:
4054:
4012:Witch (archetype)
3974:
3973:
3923:
3922:
3249:Sympathetic magic
3076:
3075:
2838:
2837:
2800:Ifugao literature
2795:Ibanag literature
2638:Code of Kalantiaw
2409:Code of Kalantiaw
2392:Legendary objects
2313:Spiritual persons
2268:Negros Revolution
2258:Dagohoy Rebellion
2251:Historical events
2227:Francisco Dagohoy
2215:Historical people
1955:Illinois (1917).
1898:978-1-84540-333-1
1865:Los Angeles Times
1719:. PhilStar Global
1165:. In legends the
551:sympathetic magic
329:sympathetic magic
306:
305:
4115:
4073:Asian witchcraft
3986:Magic in fiction
3816:Northern Moravia
3770:
3769:
3750:Papua New Guinea
3718:
3717:
3502:Nine sorceresses
3254:Witches' Sabbath
3103:Ceremonial magic
3093:Apotropaic magic
2887:
2886:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2830:Waray literature
2758:Literary sources
2689:Aso ni San Roque
2320:Filipino shamans
2294:Pulajan religion
2166:Daragang Magayon
2053:Creation stories
2026:
2025:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1962:
1949:Panibagong Kulam
1939:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1920:(2/3): 212â216.
1909:
1903:
1902:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1825:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1775:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1664:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1624:
1623:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1563:
1552:
1551:
1531:
1516:
1515:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1435:
1397:
1376:
1354:Filipino shamans
1349:Asian witchcraft
1315:Filipino shamans
1296:
1290:
1234:
1228:
1219:" (from Spanish
1212:
1206:
1200:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
955:
917:
847:
841:
819:
813:
762:familiar animals
734:(boiling magic,
729:
724:(poison magic),
706:Francisco Combés
627:familiar animals
612:Francisco Combés
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
471:
465:
430:
424:
418:
412:
404:
398:
377:Filipino shamans
298:
291:
284:
270:
269:
268:
112:Mythical animals
33:
27:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4068:Asian shamanism
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
3995:
3970:
3939:
3919:
3881:
3835:Northern Europe
3830:
3799:
3759:
3709:
3552:
3546:
3429:
3423:
3362:Magical weapons
3312:Flying ointment
3263:
3108:Magical formula
3072:
3009:
2956:Greece and Rome
2878:
2869:
2839:
2834:
2753:
2714:Encantadia Saga
2667:Popular culture
2662:
2633:Biag ni Lam-ang
2621:
2418:
2414:Gintong Salakot
2387:
2329:
2308:
2272:
2246:
2210:
2206:Princess Urduja
2161:Bernardo Carpio
2139:
2093:
2067:Supreme deities
2062:
2036:
2020:
2018:
1977:
1975:Further reading
1943:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1816:
1812:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1776:
1767:
1763:(McClenon, 1985
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1681:10.2307/1177763
1665:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1608:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1564:
1555:
1548:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1436:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1345:
1241:
1193:
1142:
1076:
1069:
987:
981:
770:
681:
642:sleight of hand
581:(Ilocano); and
523:
518:
443:
386:
317:Ang pangkukulam
302:
266:
264:
259:
258:
239:Tagalog beliefs
234:
224:
223:
209:
201:
200:
196:Bernardo Carpio
186:
185:Mythical heroes
178:
177:
113:
105:
104:
50:
49:Mythical beings
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3886:Western Europe
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3804:Eastern Europe
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3542:Witch of Endor
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3419:Witch's ladder
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2893:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Juan dela Cruz
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2626:Literary works
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2378:Mount Pinatubo
2375:
2370:
2368:Mount Makiling
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2277:Belief systems
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2098:Lesser deities
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1931:
1904:
1897:
1877:
1851:
1826:
1810:
1795:
1788:
1765:
1756:
1730:
1702:
1650:
1625:
1595:
1553:
1546:
1517:
1511:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1450:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1261:method called
1240:
1237:
1192:
1189:
1141:
1138:
1068:
1065:
1001:shape-shifting
983:Main article:
980:
977:
845:mangngibawanen
769:
766:
680:
677:
522:
519:
517:
516:
510:
472:
458:
447:
442:
441:
431:
405:
390:
385:
382:
304:
303:
301:
300:
293:
286:
278:
275:
274:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
235:
232:Folk religions
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
97:
95:Maria Makiling
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4120:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:Folk religion
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Three Witches
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Morgan le Fay
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Kitchen witch
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Latin America
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:Witch smeller
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2861:
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2562:Nuno sa punso
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2369:
2366:
2364:
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2359:
2358:Mount Kanlaon
2356:
2354:
2353:Mount Banahaw
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2335:Sacred places
2332:
2326:
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2311:
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2297:
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2243:
2242:Nardong Putik
2240:
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2207:
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2077:
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2069:
2065:
2059:
2058:Soul concepts
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
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1996:
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1830:
1824:
1823:971-91055-0-X
1820:
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1799:
1791:
1789:9780520034204
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1622:(3): 141â194.
1621:
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1583:
1579:
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1547:9780415941242
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1514:
1512:971-23-3543-7
1508:
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1451:9789715425704
1447:
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1274:
1270:
1269:Superstitious
1266:
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1256:
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1227:
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1126:
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1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:land grabbers
1105:
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1074:
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827:
823:
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812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
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787:
783:
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768:Practitioners
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
654:mass hysteria
651:
647:
643:
639:
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624:
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604:
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584:
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568:
564:
560:
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547:
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544:
539:
538:
533:
532:land grabbers
529:
515:
511:
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496:
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478:
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411:
406:
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397:
392:
391:
389:
381:
378:
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368:
366:
362:
358:
357:faith healers
354:
350:
349:Western Samar
346:
342:
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326:
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318:
314:
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109:
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100:Nuno sa punso
98:
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88:
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81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
39:
35:
34:
31:
26:
22:
4007:Witch (word)
3956:Witch's mark
3765:Early Modern
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3663:Daemonologie
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3615:Laienspiegel
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3497:Muma PÄdurii
3428:Folklore and
3399:Sator Square
3352:Magic circle
3347:Magic carpet
3307:Crystal ball
3244:Spiritualism
3068:Witch doctor
2951:Cunning folk
2923:
2734:Luna Mystika
2602:Tigmamanukan
2363:Mount Lantoy
2348:Mount Arayat
2303:
1981:
1967:
1957:
1948:
1934:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1887:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
1854:
1845:December 20,
1843:, retrieved
1835:
1829:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1779:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1721:. Retrieved
1675:(1): 39â54.
1672:
1668:
1619:
1615:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1577:
1571:
1536:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1440:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1334:
1330:
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1319:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1280:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1220:
1214:
1194:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:mangkukulams
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1073:Kulam (film)
990:
988:
972:
968:
964:
960:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:dalongdongan
885:
881:
877:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
830:mangkukusino
829:
825:
801:
797:
793:
785:
771:
749:
745:
741:
735:
731:
721:
717:
713:
709:
682:
672:
668:
666:
637:
633:
631:
616:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
541:
535:
524:
513:
455:
451:
444:
438:
434:
387:
369:
307:
168:Tigmamanukan
89:
79:
25:
21:Kulam (film)
3714:Persecution
3583:Formicarius
3527:Spearfinger
3467:Elbow witch
3367:Magic sword
3332:Julleuchter
3317:Goofer dust
3259:White magic
3172:Incantation
3098:Black magic
3053:Renaissance
3021:Chaos magic
2993:Middle East
2924:Philippines
2729:Luna Blanca
2547:Manananggal
2522:Hantu Demon
2383:Mount Pulag
2373:Mount Mayon
2222:Dios Buhawi
2176:Irong-Irong
1946:Tony Perez
1336:Buntot Pagi
1291:(female) /
1221:fuera buyag
1216:pwera buyag
1180:hemorrhoids
1167:mambabarang
1158:Mambabarang
1150:Mambabarang
1146:Mambabarang
1140:Mambabarang
1133:mangkukulam
1129:Voodoo doll
1125:mangkukulam
1120:manananggal
1104:mangkukulam
1100:mangkukulam
1092:mangkukulam
1080:mangkukulam
1067:Mangkukulam
1030:manananggal
953:manog hiwit
894:mambabarang
858:manggagaway
854:mangkukulam
826:mangkukusim
822:Kapampangan
798:managinulod
683:Kulam uses
658:witch-hunts
650:moral panic
573:(Visayan);
561:(Tagalog);
543:manananggal
528:black magic
521:Black magic
439:mambabarang
428:mambabarang
402:manggagaway
396:mangkukulam
384:Terminology
372:black magic
325:black magic
90:Mangkukulam
85:Manananggal
80:Mambabarang
4062:Categories
4027:Maleficium
3951:Witch-hunt
3755:Witch camp
3414:Witch ball
3357:Magic ring
3342:Love charm
3197:Necromancy
3192:Moon magic
3187:Mediumship
3182:Love magic
3167:Gray magic
3147:Divination
2946:Benandanti
2876:witchcraft
2653:Juan Tamad
2497:Dalaketnon
2487:Bungisngis
2181:Juan Tamad
2084:Mangindusa
1404:References
1303:mananambal
1282:mananambal
1264:Pagtatawas
1259:divination
948:Hiligaynon
940:mang-aawug
936:mang-aawog
928:manughiwit
902:mamalarang
898:mamamarang
878:dalagangan
862:may-galing
834:Pangasinan
794:managtanem
309:Witchcraft
75:Juan Tamad
3928:Classical
3447:Baba Yaga
3430:mythology
3239:Spiritism
3229:Sex magic
3207:Shamanism
3202:Occultism
3157:Evocation
3152:Entheogen
3130:Damnation
3081:Practices
2643:Hinilawod
2607:Tikbalang
2582:Sarimanok
2542:Kumakatok
2477:Berberoka
2472:Berbalang
2442:Amalanhig
2343:Mount Apo
2232:Papa Isio
2201:Sarimanok
2186:Kalantiaw
2171:Datu Daya
2048:Religions
1697:153002277
1378:The term
1299:albularyo
1277:albularyo
1254:Albularyo
1096:arbularyo
944:mang-aaug
932:mamumuyag
839:manananem
786:parakaraw
474:Visayan:
460:Tagalog:
450:Ilocano:
393:Tagalog:
163:Tikbalang
143:Sarimanok
60:Berbalang
3961:Pricking
3872:Scotland
3795:Virginia
3785:New York
3780:Maryland
3773:Americas
3522:Sorginak
3512:Pasiphaë
3404:Talisman
3374:Mojo bag
3322:Grimoire
3217:Regional
3162:Familiar
3125:Anathema
3041:Neopagan
3036:Medieval
2941:Akelarre
2704:Dyesebel
2658:Maragtas
2577:Sarangay
2572:Santelmo
2557:Minokawa
2517:Engkanto
2482:Biringan
2452:Anggitay
2447:Amomongo
2237:Pulajans
2156:Aliguyon
2135:Sinukuan
2130:Makiling
2110:Bakunawa
2089:Kabunian
2079:Kan-Laon
1926:29791795
1870:July 14,
1749:July 14,
1723:July 15,
1343:See also
1326:sumbalik
1322:sumbalik
1307:Siquijor
1294:sorhuano
1288:sorhuana
1239:Remedies
1184:ear ache
924:sigbinan
920:paktolan
906:barangan
890:busalian
882:dunganon
870:hukloban
866:hukluban
802:mannamay
758:evil eye
689:effigies
673:sumbalik
669:sumbalik
646:paranoia
623:evil eye
595:effigies
433:Bisaya:
353:Sorsogon
345:Talalora
333:Siquijor
313:Filipino
208:Subjects
118:Bakunawa
4000:Related
3944:Related
3862:Iceland
3857:Finland
3852:England
3847:Denmark
3811:Hungary
3507:Obayifo
3437:Agamede
3394:Potions
3327:Incense
3268:Objects
3088:Animism
3063:Warlock
2998:Oceania
2981:Britain
2617:Wak Wak
2612:Tiyanak
2597:Siyokoy
2527:Higante
2507:Duwende
2467:Batibat
2462:Bal-Bal
2191:Lam-ang
2151:Ama-ron
2074:Bathala
2041:General
1689:1177763
1588:May 20,
1204:Buyagan
997:vampire
958:Spanish
874:Visayan
850:Tagalog
817:manulib
790:Ilocano
756:or the
697:exuviae
693:poppets
685:beetles
679:Methods
621:or the
603:exuviae
599:poppets
591:beetles
422:malakat
416:malupad
407:Waray:
191:Ama-ron
173:Tiyanak
158:Siyokoy
133:Limokon
3913:Basque
3898:Geneva
3893:France
3877:Sweden
3867:Norway
3842:Baltic
3826:Russia
3821:Poland
3722:Modern
3706:(1751)
3698:(1647)
3690:(1627)
3682:(1608)
3674:(1599)
3666:(1597)
3658:(1595)
3650:(1593)
3642:(1591)
3634:(1584)
3626:(1563)
3618:(1509)
3610:(1489)
3602:(1487)
3594:(1484)
3586:(1475)
3578:(1440)
3570:(1376)
3517:Sebile
3472:Hecate
3442:Aradia
3389:Poppet
3384:Nkondi
3297:Censer
3280:Athame
3275:Amulet
3234:Sigils
3222:Yellow
3031:Hoodoo
3026:Goetia
3003:MÄkutu
2931:Europe
2902:Azande
2897:Africa
2890:Region
2694:Bagani
2674:Alamat
2592:Sirena
2587:Sigbin
2552:Manaul
2502:Diwata
2457:Aswang
2399:Agimat
2115:Mayari
2105:Amihan
2027:
1924:
1895:
1821:
1786:
1695:
1687:
1544:
1509:
1448:
1394:la-aga
1380:barang
1311:barang
1273:barang
1232:Usikan
1226:Usikan
1198:Usikan
1191:Usikan
1175:ginger
1171:bamboo
1163:barang
1114:aswang
1060:aswang
1048:aswang
1042:aswang
1024:wakwak
1018:balbal
1012:kaskas
992:Aswang
985:Aswang
979:Aswang
915:osikan
910:usikan
811:mamkaw
806:Ivatan
776:" or "
754:curses
750:sampal
746:la-aga
727:paktol
710:barang
662:curate
640:) and
619:curses
583:pantak
563:barang
537:aswang
514:pantak
512:Moro:
501:paktol
495:haplit
477:barang
435:aswang
410:aswang
351:, and
153:Sirena
148:Sigbin
138:Manaul
70:Duende
65:Diwata
55:Aswang
4047:Adept
3908:Spain
3903:Italy
3790:Salem
3745:Nepal
3740:India
3551:Major
3487:Medea
3482:Kalku
3462:Drude
3457:Dayan
3452:Circe
3379:Nkisi
3290:besom
3285:Broom
3212:Black
3142:Demon
3120:Curse
3115:Coven
3046:Wicca
2966:Völva
2961:SeiĂ°r
2936:Italy
2907:Ghana
2883:Types
2872:Magic
2749:Trese
2719:Indio
2709:Dyosa
2679:Amaya
2567:Pugot
2537:Kataw
2532:Kapre
2492:Busaw
2404:Anito
2299:Hilot
2284:Anito
2125:Cacao
1922:JSTOR
1840:(PDF)
1693:S2CID
1685:JSTOR
1390:la-ga
1366:Notes
1331:kulam
1249:kulam
1245:kulam
1210:buyag
1088:sumpĂą
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