33:
2274:
119:, essentially involved attempting to explain supernatural characters and events in plausible terms so that implausible characters and events of the imagination can seem to be truthful and present a greater contrast between fiction and reality. Coleridge also referred to this concept as "poetic faith", citing the concept as a feeling analogous to the supernatural, which stimulates the mind's faculties regardless of the irrationality of what is being understood.
109:, where he suggested that if an author could infuse a "human interest and a semblance of truth" into a story with implausible elements, the reader would willingly suspend judgement concerning the implausibility of the narrative. Coleridge was interested in returning fantastic elements to poetry and developed the concept to support how a modern, enlightened audience would continue to enjoy such types of literature. Coleridge suggested that his work, such as
219:'tis your thoughts that now must deck our kings turning the accomplishment of many years into an hourglass". Poetry and fiction involving the supernatural had gone out of fashion to a large extent in the 18th century, in part due to the declining belief in witches and other supernatural agents among the educated classes, who embraced the rational approach to the world offered by the new science.
186:
these do not interfere with the acceptance of those premises. These premises may also lend to the engagement of the mind and perhaps proposition of thoughts, ideas, art and theories. With a film, for instance, the viewer has to ignore the reality that they are viewing a staged performance and temporarily accept it as their reality in order to be entertained. Early
127:
moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth on the other hand was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the mind's attention from the lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us.
307:, the author makes secondary belief possible. Tolkien argued that suspension of disbelief is only necessary when the work has failed to create secondary belief, saying that from that point on, the reader ceases to be immersed in the story and so must make a conscious effort to suspend their disbelief or else give up on it entirely.
126:
It was agreed, that my endeavours should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic, yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the
266:
and accept its images as absolute fact, they would have a true-to-life set of reactions that are impractical and contradict the safety of the leisure of viewing the movie. For instance, if this logic generally applied, then audience members would try to help endangered on-screen characters, or call
185:
The phrase "suspension of disbelief" came to be used more loosely in the later 20th century, often used to imply that the burden was on the reader, rather than the writer, to achieve it. This might be used to refer to the willingness of the audience to overlook the limitations of a medium, so that
181:
The traditional concept of the suspension of disbelief as proposed by
Coleridge is not about suspending disbelief in the reality of fictional characters or events, but the suspension of disbelief in phenomena that is regarded as implausible. This can be demonstrated in the way a reader suspends
245:
theory of suspension of disbelief. Neurally, when a person engages with a narrative in a work of fiction, the brain goes wholly into a perceiving mode, engaging less intensely with the faculties for acting or planning to act; "poetic faith" is a willing act that is supported by the value of a
190:
films are an example of visual media that require the audience to suspend their disbelief for this reason. Cognitive estrangement in fiction involves using a person's ignorance to promote suspension of disbelief.
182:
disbelief in supernatural phenomena itself—simulating the feelings of a character that is experiencing the phenomena in the narrative of a story—rather than simply the implausibility of the phenomena in a story.
587:
254:
Aesthetic philosophers generally reject claims that a "suspension of disbelief" can accurately characterize the relationship between people and "fictions". American philosopher
2186:
2630:
246:
narrative that is being engaged with. When the person stops perceiving to think about what has been seen or heard, its "truth-value" is assessed.
17:
1538:
737:
398:
270:
Not all authors believe that "suspension of disbelief" adequately characterizes the audience's relationship to imaginative works of art.
2204:
1867:
1550:
2218:
2179:
747:
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879:
506:
657:"From 'King Kong' to 'Indecent Proposal,' audiences have been asked to buy a premise that can make – or break – a film"
2312:
1953:
1533:
720:
639:
542:
322:
151:, meaning "as is painting so is poetry". According to David Chandler, Coleridge also originally drew his notion from
2172:
205:
Suspension of disbelief is sometimes said to be an essential component of live theater, where it was recognized by
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62:, in order to believe it for the sake of enjoying its narrative. Historically, the concept originates in the
131:
This concept had previously been understood in antiquity, particularly in the Roman theoretical concerns of
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in understanding something that is unreal or impossible in reality, such as something in a work of
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of reality: in order for the narrative to work, the reader must believe that what they read is
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87:: "that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith".
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163:" ("suspension of assent"); Brucker's phrase was itself a modernization of the phrase "
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588:"Coleridge's 'suspension of disbelief' and Jacob Brucker's 'assensus suspensione.'"
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who wrote in a time of increasing skepticism about the supernatural. In Horace's
111:
573:
Biographia
Literaria: Or, Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions
223:, notably, felt the need to explain and justify his use of elemental spirits in
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The phrase was coined and elaborated upon by the
English poet and philosopher
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229:, one of the few English poems of the century that invoked the supernatural.
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739:
Resemblance & Disgrace: Alexander Pope and the
Deformation of Culture
603:
337:
289:
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1998:
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70:, wherein the audience ignores the unreality of fiction to experience
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822:, Vol. 75, No. 1 (01-1978), pp. 5–27). Retrieved 3 January 2007.
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27:
Allowing imagination when reading or viewing a fictional story
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55:
857:
1810:
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39:, a philosopher and writer known for his influence on
575:. New York: Leavitt, Lord & Company. p. 175.
535:
Willing
Suspension of Disbelief: Poetic Faith in Film
167:" ("a holding back of assent") used by Cicero in his
835:, George Allen & Unwin Press, 1983, pp. 109–61.
634:. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. p. 100.
43:, coined the turn-of-phrase and elaborated upon it.
74:from the actions and experiences of characters.
2821:
2631:Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement
765:"Spiderman? Sure! The Neuroscience of Disbelief"
632:Once-Told Tales: An Essay in Literary Aesthetics
267:authorities when witnessing on-screen murders.
50:is the avoidance—often described as willing—of
537:. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. pp. 6, 7.
95:The phrase first appeared in English poet and
2180:
873:
833:The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays
2194:
500:
498:
2353:Introduction to the Tale of the Dark Ladie
2187:
2173:
880:
866:
570:
194:
831:Tolkien, J. R. R. "On Fairy-Stories" in
710:
585:
495:
31:
762:
735:
14:
2822:
1551:Types of fiction with multiple endings
654:
620:Book II (Lucullus), Section XVIII (59)
441:
209:, who refers to it in the Prologue to
2168:
861:
679:
677:
532:
504:
305:internally consistent fictional world
2626:The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem
629:
559:On Language; Suspension of Disbelief
528:
526:
715:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
683:
655:Welkos, Robert W. (15 April 1993).
373:Tommy Westphall universe hypothesis
24:
853:, Chapter XIV, containing the term
674:
442:Safire, William (7 October 2007).
25:
2866:
2313:Monody on the Death of Chatterton
1954:Third-person omniscient narrative
842:
769:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
571:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1834).
561:. New York Times. 7 October 2007.
523:
323:Compartmentalization (psychology)
262:suspend disbelief when viewing a
2272:
586:Chandler, David (1 March 1996).
2694:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
2244:Person on business from Porlock
825:
802:
756:
729:
713:A Dictionary of Critical Theory
704:
648:
623:
18:Willing suspension of disbelief
2636:This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison
2292:The Destruction of the Bastile
1342:Conflict between good and evil
610:
579:
564:
551:
469:
444:"William Safire - On Language"
435:
391:
258:noted that if viewers were to
237:American psychological critic
13:
1:
2417:Lines Written at Shurton Bars
887:
384:
303:. By focusing on creating an
299:the secondary reality of the
249:
232:
157:Historia Critica Philosophiae
2410:Lines on an Autumnal Evening
2341:The Ballad of the Dark Ladié
742:. Harvard University Press.
399:"suspend disbelief (phrase)"
276:challenged this concept in "
7:
310:
10:
2871:
2327:Pain: Composed in Sickness
2249:Coleridge's theory of life
686:"Literature and the Brain"
533:Ferri, Anthony J. (2007).
505:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.
198:
176:
2784:Christabel Rose Coleridge
2758:
2724:
2649:
2592:
2489:
2438:Poems on Various Subjects
2431:Ode on the Departing Year
2390:
2362:
2281:
2270:
2211:
2202:
2017:
1989:
1981:Stream of unconsciousness
1924:
1668:
1559:
1512:Falling action/Catastasis
1457:
1362:
1297:
1220:
1032:
895:
819:The Journal of Philosophy
690:Literatureandthebrain.com
483:. Oxford University Press
477:"Suspension of disbelief"
115:, his collaboration with
90:
2790:Ernest Hartley Coleridge
2708:Time, Real And Imaginary
1349:Self-fulfilling prophecy
781:10.1179/174327908X392870
763:Holland, Norman (2008).
378:Verisimilitude (fiction)
280:", choosing instead the
159:which cited the phrase "
145:, he used the quotation
2810:(nephew and son-in-law)
2424:On Receiving an Account
2372:The Fall of Robespierre
2264:Suspension of disbelief
2196:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1976:Stream of consciousness
1439:Suspension of disbelief
736:Deutsch, Helen (1996).
409:Oxford University Press
101:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
79:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
48:Suspension of disbelief
37:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
2808:Henry Nelson Coleridge
2403:The Destiny of Nations
1517:Denouement/Catastrophe
1498:Rising action/Epitasis
812:", Kendall L. Walton,
711:Buchanan, Ian (2010).
368:Suspension of judgment
195:Examples in literature
129:
44:
2641:To William Wordsworth
2259:Romantic epistemology
1863:Utopian and dystopian
124:
35:
2737:Biographia Literaria
2701:The Devil's Thoughts
1417:Narrative techniques
1197:Story within a story
1009:Supporting character
851:Biographia Literaria
630:Kivy, Peter (2011).
509:Biographia Literaria
226:The Rape of the Lock
165:adsensionis retentio
161:assensus suspensione
153:Johann Jakob Brucker
122:Coleridge recalled:
106:Biographia Literaria
84:Biographia Literaria
2680:Hymn Before Sunrise
2334:Songs of the Pixies
2122:Political narrative
1964:Unreliable narrator
1821:Speculative fiction
1529:Nonlinear narrative
1477:Three-act structure
1337:Deal with the Devil
407:(Online ed.).
404:Oxford Dictionaries
201:Dramatic convention
60:speculative fiction
2845:1817 introductions
2473:To the River Otter
2320:On Quitting School
2229:Albatross metaphor
2100:Narrative paradigm
2095:Narrative identity
2025:Dominant narrative
1971:Multiple narrators
1255:Fictional location
1098:Dramatic structure
604:10.1093/nq/43.1.39
448:The New York Times
353:Paradox of fiction
318:Aesthetic distance
215:: "make imaginary
117:William Wordsworth
45:
41:English literature
2817:
2816:
2796:Herbert Coleridge
2778:Hartley Coleridge
2772:Derwent Coleridge
2715:The Knight's Tomb
2621:Frost at Midnight
2616:Fears in Solitude
2606:Dejection: An Ode
2452:Religious Musings
2162:
2161:
2105:Narrative therapy
1539:television series
1484:Freytag's Pyramid
1327:Moral development
1230:Alternate history
940:False protagonist
749:978-0-674-76489-7
684:Holland, Norman.
661:Los Angeles Times
592:Notes and Queries
557:Safire, William.
516:Poetry Foundation
348:Soap opera effect
333:Distancing effect
239:Norman N. Holland
148:Ut pictura poesis
81:in his 1817 work
52:critical thinking
16:(Redirected from
2862:
2855:1810s quotations
2850:1810s neologisms
2835:Plot (narrative)
2726:Biographical and
2583:To Lord Stanhope
2445:Sibylline Leaves
2377:Remorse (Osorio)
2276:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2085:Literary science
1628:Narrative poetry
1524:Linear narrative
1434:Stylistic device
1429:Show, don't tell
1392:Figure of speech
1182:Shaggy dog story
925:Characterization
882:
875:
868:
859:
858:
836:
829:
823:
810:Fearing Fictions
806:
800:
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797:
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481:Oxford Reference
473:
467:
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464:
462:
439:
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432:
430:
428:
419:. Archived from
395:
286:secondary belief
278:On Fairy-Stories
275:
273:J. R. R. Tolkien
21:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
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2819:
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2813:
2802:James Coleridge
2786:(granddaughter)
2754:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2658:
2655:Lyrical Ballads
2652:
2651:Late poetry and
2645:
2611:The Eolian Harp
2599:
2596:
2588:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2365:
2358:
2306:Easter Holidays
2284:
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2268:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2163:
2158:
2090:Literary theory
2030:Fiction writing
2013:
1985:
1920:
1672:
1664:
1555:
1453:
1358:
1293:
1216:
1087:Deus ex machina
1028:
1014:Title character
999:Stock character
945:Focal character
891:
886:
845:
840:
839:
830:
826:
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424:
423:on 29 July 2018
397:
396:
392:
387:
382:
363:Sense of wonder
328:Deus ex machina
313:
301:fictional world
288:based on inner
271:
252:
243:neuroscientific
235:
203:
197:
188:black-and-white
179:
112:Lyrical Ballads
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2766:Sara Coleridge
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2673:France: An Ode
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2558:
2555:To Mrs Siddons
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2459:To a Young Ass
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2394:Bristol poetry
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2156:
2154:Verisimilitude
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2136:
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2134:
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2102:
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2057:Parallel novel
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2744:The Watchman
2742:
2735:
2692:
2685:
2664:
2653:
2595:Conversation
2534:To Kosciusko
2520:To Priestley
2491:
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2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
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2352:
2346:
2283:Early poetry
2263:
2254:Organic form
2239:Pantisocracy
2144:Storytelling
1959:Subjectivity
1949:Third-person
1939:First-person
1573:
1438:
1382:Comic relief
1134:
1127:
1118:Flashforward
1085:
1059:Origin story
1041:
1004:Straight man
959:
850:
849:Coleridge's
832:
827:
817:
804:
792:. Retrieved
772:
768:
758:
738:
731:
712:
706:
694:. Retrieved
689:
664:. Retrieved
660:
650:
631:
625:
617:
612:
598:(1): 39–41.
595:
591:
581:
572:
566:
558:
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508:
485:. Retrieved
480:
471:
459:. Retrieved
447:
437:
425:. Retrieved
421:the original
402:
393:
296:
285:
269:
264:horror movie
259:
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236:
224:
210:
204:
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125:
121:
110:
104:
99:philosopher
94:
82:
76:
47:
46:
29:
2840:Narratology
2728:other works
2576:To Sheridan
2149:Tellability
2115:Metafiction
2110:Narratology
1882:Theological
1774:Pop culture
1655:Short story
1633:Epic poetry
1354:Time travel
1167:Red herring
1152:Plot device
1123:Frame story
1076:Cliffhanger
1019:Tritagonist
994:Protagonist
338:Fourth wall
290:consistency
241:provided a
207:Shakespeare
142:Ars Poetica
64:Greco-Roman
2824:Categories
2798:(grandson)
2792:(grandson)
2768:(daughter)
2687:Kubla Khan
2666:Christabel
2569:To Southey
2527:To Fayette
2506:To Erskine
2495:Characters
2466:To Fortune
2299:Dura Navis
2234:Lake Poets
2219:Early life
2035:Continuity
1904:Nonfiction
1868:Underwater
1764:Picaresque
1739:Historical
1724:Epistolary
1596:Fairy tale
1507:Peripeteia
1489:Exposition
1245:Dreamworld
1187:Stereotype
1157:Plot twist
905:Antagonist
666:24 October
487:30 October
461:28 October
385:References
250:Criticisms
233:Psychology
199:See also:
2804:(brother)
2750:Notebooks
2562:To Godwin
2548:To Bowles
2224:Opium use
1926:Narration
1875:Superhero
1799:Chivalric
1784:Religious
1769:Political
1704:Adventure
1689:Biography
1611:Tall tale
1459:Structure
1444:Symbolism
1412:Narration
1312:Leitmotif
1240:Crossover
1235:Backstory
1192:Story arc
1142:MacGuffin
1113:Flashback
1054:Backstory
930:Confidant
910:Archenemy
897:Character
889:Narrative
789:144494455
618:Academica
456:0362-4331
417:656668849
217:puissance
170:Academica
97:aesthetic
72:catharsis
2513:To Burke
2132:Glossary
2127:Rhetoric
1934:Diegesis
1914:Creative
1887:Thriller
1836:Southern
1754:Paranoid
1749:Nautical
1660:Vignette
1618:Gamebook
1586:Folklore
1493:Protasis
1372:Allegory
1317:Metaphor
1275:parallel
1270:universe
1250:Dystopia
1207:Suspense
1093:Dialogue
1081:Conflict
989:Narrator
961:Hamartia
794:28 April
696:28 April
692:. PsyArt
616:Cicero,
411:. 2018.
358:The Real
311:See also
282:paradigm
2830:Fiction
2541:To Pitt
2493:Eminent
2382:Zapolya
2062:Prequel
2018:Related
2004:Present
1897:Western
1853:Science
1826:Fantasy
1794:Romance
1744:Mystery
1729:Ergodic
1694:Fiction
1650:Parable
1645:Novella
1575:Fabliau
1546:Premise
1397:Imagery
1387:Diction
1265:country
1222:Setting
1202:Subplot
1024:Villain
977:Byronic
427:29 July
343:Kayfabe
212:Henry V
177:Concept
68:theatre
2759:Family
2212:Topics
2066:Sequel
2050:Retcon
2045:Reboot
2009:Future
1843:Horror
1831:Gothic
1816:Satire
1734:Erotic
1601:Legend
1503:Climax
1377:Bathos
1284:Utopia
1172:Reveal
1071:Cliché
1049:Action
1043:Ab ovo
982:Tragic
787:
746:
719:
638:
541:
507:"from
454:
415:
297:within
137:Cicero
133:Horace
91:Origin
2780:(son)
2774:(son)
2597:poems
2480:Lewti
2364:Plays
2073:Genre
2040:Canon
1991:Tense
1909:Novel
1892:Urban
1804:Prose
1789:Rogue
1714:Crime
1709:Comic
1670:Genre
1640:Novel
1591:Fable
1569:Drama
1534:films
1364:Style
1332:Motif
1322:Moral
1307:Irony
1299:Theme
1212:Trope
814:JSTOR
785:S2CID
260:truly
56:logic
2348:Love
2078:List
1999:Past
1858:Hard
1811:Saga
1719:Docu
1675:List
1606:Myth
1561:Form
1449:Tone
1422:Hook
1407:Mood
1402:Mode
1260:city
1147:Pace
1034:Plot
972:Anti
967:Hero
950:Foil
796:2014
744:ISBN
717:ISBN
698:2014
668:2010
636:ISBN
539:ISBN
489:2023
463:2019
452:ISSN
429:2018
413:OCLC
294:true
135:and
54:and
1467:Act
777:doi
600:doi
284:of
155:'s
103:'s
2826::
2064:/
783:.
773:33
771:.
767:.
688:.
676:^
659:.
596:43
594:.
590:.
525:^
513:.
497:^
479:.
450:.
446:.
401:.
173:.
2717:"
2713:"
2710:"
2706:"
2703:"
2699:"
2682:"
2678:"
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